Hanging structure for heating furnace open-hearth top and heating furnace open-hearth top

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hanging structure for a heating furnace open-hearth top and the heating furnace open-hearth top, and relates to the technical field of furnace refractory castable structures and construction, the hanging structure comprises a top template, side templates arranged around the top template, a plurality of anchoring bricks detachably arranged on the top template, and a top hanging assembly connected to the tops of all the anchoring bricks, the top hanging assembly is connected to the steel beam assembly in a hanging mode, and the anchoring bricks are vertically arranged on the top formwork and tensioned between the hanging assembly and the top formwork. A hole is formed in the upper portion of the anchoring brick to serve as a hanging hole, a hole is formed in the lower portion of the anchoring brick to serve as an installation fixing hole, the structure of the anchoring brick is in a full-movable mode and completely adapts to thermal expansion stress of castable in all directions, all the anchoring bricks are evenly stressed, the anchoring bricks can be fastened again before use and in the use process, and all the anchoring bricks are evenly stressed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of refractory castable structure and construction technology for furnaces and kilns, and more specifically to a hanging structure for the flat top of a heating furnace and the field of flat top technology for heating furnaces. Background Technology

[0002] Industrial heating furnaces generally operate at temperatures above 1200℃. While some refractory linings use high-temperature fibers, heavy refractory bricks or heavy monolithic refractory castables are the primary materials used. Due to the superior properties of refractory castables, they have largely replaced refractory bricks.

[0003] When the furnace width (span) of a typical heating furnace is less than 3.0 meters, an arched roof structure is mainly used for the furnace top, which offers good stability. However, when the furnace width (span) is ≥ 3.0 meters, the weight of the arch itself, combined with thermal expansion stress, results in a significant thrust from the arch to the arch corners. This places very high demands on the steel structural components of the outer shell. If the arch corners are not secure, the arch is prone to sinking and collapsing. Furthermore, the chord height (sag) of the arch is relatively high at this point, making it difficult to meet the furnace space requirements. Therefore, a flat furnace roof structure made of refractory castable is generally used, with the top anchored using refractory materials. The anchor bricks are embedded in the castable refractory for suspension. The anchor bricks are characterized by high temperature resistance and high strength, but they are not resistant to bending and are prone to brittle fracture. Due to the thermal expansion of the castable refractory, its position will move with the temperature change. The movement of the castable refractory will cause the anchor bricks to move. Therefore, the anchor bricks and suspension system must be movable structures. If the suspension structure is unreasonable or the construction method is inappropriate, the anchor bricks are prone to uneven stress or shear stress, which will lead to the anchor bricks breaking. If a large number of them break, it will lead to the collapse of the entire furnace roof. This often happens in the industry.

[0004] After years of research and application of open-hearth furnace roof structures, the industry has developed a variety of structural forms and construction methods. However, there are often cases of failure. The reasons for this include unreasonable structural design, incorrect construction methods, and the complexity of construction that prevents proper process control. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to solve the technical problem that the existing flat furnace roof structure is prone to uneven stress or shear stress on the anchor bricks due to unreasonable hanging structure or improper construction method, which leads to the breakage of the anchor bricks. When a large number of anchor bricks break, it will lead to the overall collapse of the furnace roof. This utility model provides a hanging structure for the flat furnace roof of a heating furnace and a flat furnace roof for heating furnaces.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model specifically adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of this utility model provides a hanging structure for the flat top of a heating furnace, including a top template, side templates arranged around the top template, a plurality of anchor bricks detachably arranged on the top template, and a top hanging assembly connected to the top of all the anchor bricks. The top hanging assembly is hung on a steel beam assembly, and each anchor brick is vertically arranged on the top template and is tensioned between the hanging assembly and the top template.

[0008] Specifically, the anchor brick has a hole at the top as a hanging hole and a hole at the bottom as an installation and fixing hole. The anchor brick structure is fully movable and fully adapts to the thermal expansion stress of the castable in all directions, so that all anchor bricks are stressed evenly. It can be tightened again before and during use to ensure that each anchor brick is stressed evenly.

[0009] In one embodiment, multiple anchoring bricks are detachably arranged in a rectangular array at the bottom of the top template.

[0010] In one embodiment, the system also includes horizontal tie rods connected to the top of all anchor bricks in each row, and the suspension assembly includes multiple horizontally arranged horizontally on the steel beam assembly, with the bottom of each horizontally arranged horizontally connected to the corresponding horizontal tie rod.

[0011] In one embodiment, the transverse hanging unit includes a double-channel steel beam horizontally arranged between two steel beams and a plurality of threaded rod hooks horizontally and equally spaced on the double-channel steel beam. The top of each threaded rod hook is fixed to the double-channel steel beam by a locking assembly, and the bottom of each threaded rod hook is a bent hook, which is used to hang the corresponding horizontal tie rod.

[0012] In one embodiment, the double-channel steel beam is provided with multiple gaps that cooperate with multiple screw hooks, and each screw hook is provided with an external thread at its top.

[0013] Specifically, the double channel steel beam consists of two channel steels arranged in opposite directions, with no gap between the two channel steels and a gap between the two channel steels, through which the screw rod hook passes.

[0014] In one embodiment, the top of each lead screw hook passes through the corresponding gap and is locked by a locking assembly, which includes a square washer, a spring, and a nut sequentially fitted onto the external thread of the top of the corresponding lead screw hook from bottom to top.

[0015] Specifically, the upper part of the lead screw is secured with a spring as a buffer.

[0016] In one embodiment, each anchoring brick is provided with a horizontal locking hole at its bottom, and each anchoring brick is locked to the top template by a locking wire passing through the horizontal locking hole.

[0017] In one embodiment, each anchoring brick is made of high-alumina refractory material.

[0018] In one embodiment, the length of each anchoring brick is 200mm-700mm;

[0019] Each anchoring brick has a hanging hole with a diameter of 10mm-30mm at the top;

[0020] Each anchoring brick has an installation hole with a diameter of 2mm-30mm at its bottom;

[0021] Each mounting hole is fixed to the bottom template with locking wire, the diameter of which is 1mm-4mm.

[0022] The diameter of each horizontal tie rod is 10mm-30mm.

[0023] Each screw rod hook has an external thread at the top and a U-shaped hook at the bottom. The total length of each screw rod hook is 100mm-800mm, and the diameter of each screw rod hook is 6mm-30mm.

[0024] Each double-channel steel beam is a channel steel of type 5#-20#, connected in opposite directions, with a spacing of 10mm-50mm between adjacent double-channel steel beams, and a total length of 200mm-2000mm for each double-channel steel beam.

[0025] The square washer has a length and width of 30mm×30mm-60mm×60mm, a thickness of 1mm-12mm, a wire diameter of 1mm-4mm, an inner diameter of 10mm-40mm, and a height of 10mm-50mm.

[0026] The second aspect of this utility model provides a flat furnace roof for a heating furnace, including the above-mentioned hanging structure for a flat furnace roof for a heating furnace, and further including a refractory castable layer, a fiber blanket layer, and a lightweight castable layer sequentially cast on the top template, wherein the height of the lightweight castable layer is lower than the height of the horizontal tie rod.

[0027] The third aspect of this utility model provides a construction method for a flat furnace roof of a heating furnace, used for installing the aforementioned flat furnace roof, employing the aforementioned hanging structure for the flat furnace roof of a heating furnace, including the following steps:

[0028] S1. Installation process of the hanging structure: Install the steel beam assembly that serves as the furnace top bracing steel. Place multiple double-channel steel beams at equal intervals on the lower flange of the steel beam assembly. Horizontal tie rods are evenly connected to the hanging holes of multiple anchor bricks in the same row. The lower end of the threaded rod hook is hooked to the horizontal tie rod, and the upper end of the threaded rod hook is threaded through the double-channel steel beam. The upper part is tightened with square washers, springs and nuts to suspend the anchor bricks in the air. The lower part of each anchor brick is fixed to the bottom template with locking steel wire through the installation fixing holes.

[0029] S2: Casting process: Construct the refractory castable layer, fiber blanket layer, and lightweight castable layer. Before demolding, tighten the nuts once and use the reaction force of the spring to make the anchor bricks bear the force evenly. Then demold.

[0030] Specifically, because the castable contains moisture, it needs to be baked. After the furnace is baked, it is tightened again to eliminate the thermal stress of the castable and make the anchor bricks bear the force evenly again. During use, such as in a forging furnace, if the loading and unloading machine collides with the furnace top and causes the furnace top to deform and become misaligned, some anchor bricks may not bear the force or may bear the force unevenly. The nuts can be tightened again to make the anchor bricks bear the force evenly. This method is simple to construct, highly operable, and has less impact from human factors. Problems that occur after construction, after furnace baking, and during use can be solved by tightening multiple times to make the anchor bricks bear the force evenly again, preventing individual anchor bricks from breaking due to overload.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0032] 1. This utility model has a reasonable design. The upper part of the anchor brick is made into a hanging hole, and the lower part is made into a fixing hole. The anchor brick structure is a fully movable form, which is fully adaptive to the thermal expansion stress of the castable in all directions, so that all anchor bricks are subjected to uniform force. Before use and during use, it can be tightened again to ensure that each anchor brick is subjected to uniform force.

[0033] 2. During use, such as in a forging furnace, if the loading and unloading machine collides with the furnace top, causing misalignment and deformation of the furnace top, some anchor bricks may become unloaded or unevenly stressed. The nuts can be tightened again to ensure even stress distribution on the anchor bricks. This method is simple to implement, highly operable, and less affected by human factors. Problems arising after construction, after furnace drying, and during use can be addressed by repeated tightening to ensure even stress distribution on the anchor bricks again, preventing individual anchor bricks from breaking due to overload. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a hanging structure for the flat top of a heating furnace according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Side view;

[0037] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point A;

[0038] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure after pouring;

[0039] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure after pouring;

[0040] Reference numerals: 1. Anchor brick; 2. Refractory castable layer; 3. Fiber blanket layer; 4. Lightweight castable layer; 5. Horizontal tie rod; 6. Screw rod hook; 7. Double channel steel beam; 8. Square washer; 9. Spring; 10. Nut; 11. Steel beam assembly; 12. Top formwork; 13. Locking wire. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and technical effects of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0042] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0044] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "inner", "outer", "upper", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the utility model product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, this embodiment provides a hanging structure for the flat top of a heating furnace, including a top template 12, side templates arranged around the top template 12, a plurality of anchor bricks 1 detachably arranged on the top template 12, and a top hanging assembly connected to the top of all the anchor bricks 1. The top hanging assembly is hung on a steel beam assembly 11, and each anchor brick 1 is vertically arranged on the top template 12. Each anchor brick 1 is tightened between the hanging assembly and the top template 12.

[0047] Specifically, the anchor brick 1 has a hole at the top as a hanging hole and a hole at the bottom as an installation and fixing hole. The anchor brick 1 is a fully movable structure that fully adapts to the thermal expansion stress of the castable in all directions, so that all anchor bricks 1 are subjected to uniform force. It can be tightened again before and during use to ensure that each anchor brick 1 is subjected to uniform force.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a hanging structure for the flat top of a heating furnace, including a top template 12, side templates arranged around the top template 12, a plurality of anchor bricks 1 detachably arranged on the top template 12, and a top hanging assembly connected to the top of all the anchor bricks 1. The top hanging assembly is hung on a steel beam assembly 11, and each anchor brick 1 is vertically arranged on the top template 12. Each anchor brick 1 is tightened between the hanging assembly and the top template 12.

[0050] Multiple anchoring bricks 1 are arranged in a rectangular array and can be detachably installed at the bottom of the top template 12.

[0051] It also includes horizontal tie rods 5 connected to the top of all anchor bricks 1 in each row. The hanging assembly includes multiple horizontal hanging units arranged horizontally on the steel beam assembly 11, with the bottom of each horizontal hanging unit hooked to the corresponding horizontal tie rod 5.

[0052] The transverse hanging unit includes a double-channel steel beam 7 horizontally arranged between two steel beams and multiple threaded rod hooks 6 horizontally and equally spaced on the double-channel steel beam 7. The top of each threaded rod hook 6 is fixed to the double-channel steel beam 7 by a locking assembly, and the bottom of each threaded rod hook 6 is a bent hook, which is used to hang the corresponding horizontal tie rod 5.

[0053] The double-channel steel beam 7 is provided with multiple gaps that cooperate with multiple screw rod hooks 6, and each screw rod hook 6 is provided with external threads at the top.

[0054] The double channel steel beam 7 includes two channel steels arranged in opposite directions. There is no gap between the two channel steels, but there is a gap between the two channel steels, through which the screw rod hook passes.

[0055] Each lead screw hook 6 passes through the corresponding gap and is locked by a locking assembly. The locking assembly includes a square washer 8, a spring 9, and a nut 10, which are sequentially fitted onto the external threads at the top of the corresponding lead screw hook from bottom to top.

[0056] Specifically, the upper part of the lead screw is fixed with a spring 9 as a buffer.

[0057] Each anchoring brick 1 has a horizontal locking hole at its bottom, and each anchoring brick 1 is locked to the top template 12 by a locking wire 13 passing through the horizontal locking hole.

[0058] Each anchor brick 1 is made of high-alumina refractory material.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] This embodiment is a further optimization based on Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, specifically:

[0061] The length of each anchor brick 1 is 200mm-700mm;

[0062] Each anchoring brick 1 has a hanging hole with a diameter of 10mm-30mm on its upper part;

[0063] Each anchoring brick 1 has an installation hole with a diameter of 2mm-30mm at its bottom;

[0064] Each mounting hole is fixed to the bottom template with locking steel wire 13, the diameter of which is 1mm-4mm.

[0065] The diameter of each horizontal tie rod 5 is 10mm-30mm.

[0066] Each screw rod hook 6 has an external thread at the top and a U-shaped hook at the bottom. The total length of each screw rod hook 6 is 100mm-800mm, and the diameter of each screw rod hook 6 is 6mm-30mm.

[0067] Each double-channel steel beam 7 is of channel steel 5#-20#, connected in opposite directions, with a spacing of 10mm-50mm between two adjacent double-channel steel beams 7, and a total length of 200mm-2000mm for each double-channel steel beam 7.

[0068] The square washer 8 has a length and width of 30mm×30mm-60mm×60mm, a thickness of 1mm-12mm, a wire diameter of 1mm-4mm, an inner diameter of 10mm-40mm, and a height of 10mm-50mm.

[0069] Example 4

[0070] This embodiment is a further optimization based on embodiment 3, specifically:

[0071] The length of the anchor brick is 450mm.

[0072] The upper hanging hole of the anchoring brick has a size of Φ20mm.

[0073] The lower mounting hole of the anchoring brick has a size of Φ8mm.

[0074] The mounting holes at the bottom of the anchor brick are fixed to the bottom template with locking steel wire, the diameter of which is Φ2mm.

[0075] The suspension is made of a horizontally inserted round steel bar with a diameter of Φ18mm.

[0076] Screw-driven hook, with threads on the top and a U-shaped hook at the bottom, total length 300mm, diameter Φ14mm.

[0077] Double channel steel beams, 6.3# channel steel, back-to-back connection, 20mm spacing.

[0078] The combination of square washer, spring and nut ensures that the anchoring brick is subjected to uniform force. The square washer is 45×45mm, 3mm thick, the spring wire diameter is Φ2mm, the inner diameter is Φ15mm, and the height is 25mm.

[0079] Example 5

[0080] This embodiment provides a flat furnace roof for a heating furnace, including the above-mentioned hanging structure for a flat furnace roof for a heating furnace, and also includes a refractory castable layer 2, a fiber blanket layer 3, and a lightweight castable layer 4 sequentially cast on the top template 12. The height of the lightweight castable layer 4 is lower than the height of the horizontal tie rod 5.

[0081] Example 6

[0082] This embodiment provides a construction method for a flat furnace roof of a heating furnace, used for installing the aforementioned flat furnace roof, employing the aforementioned hanging structure for the flat furnace roof of a heating furnace, including the following steps:

[0083] S1. Installation process of the hanging structure: Install the steel beam assembly 11 as the furnace top bracing steel, and place multiple double-channel steel beams 7 at equal intervals on the lower flange of the steel beam assembly 11; the horizontal tie rods 5 are evenly connected to the hanging holes of multiple anchor bricks 1 in the same row, the lower end of the threaded rod hook 6 hooks the horizontal tie rod 5, the upper end of the threaded rod hook 6 passes through the double-channel steel beam 7, and the upper part is fastened with square washers 8, springs 9 and nuts 10 to suspend the anchor bricks 1 in the air. The lower part of each anchor brick 1 is fixed to the bottom template with locking steel wire 13 through the installation fixing holes;

[0084] S2: Casting process: Construct refractory castable layer 2, fiber blanket layer 3, and lightweight castable layer 4. Before demolding, tighten nut 10 once and use the reaction force of spring 9 to make anchor brick 1 bear force evenly, and then demold.

[0085] Specifically, because the castable contains moisture, it needs to be baked. After the furnace is baked, it is tightened again to eliminate the thermal stress of the castable and make the anchor brick 1 bear the force evenly again. During use, such as in a forging furnace, if the loading and unloading machine collides with the furnace top and causes the furnace top to be misaligned and deformed, causing some anchor bricks 1 to be unloaded or unevenly stressed, the nuts 10 can be tightened again to make the anchor bricks 1 bear the force evenly. This method is simple to construct, highly operable, and less affected by human factors. Problems that occur after construction, after furnace baking, and during use can be solved by tightening multiple times to make the anchor bricks 1 bear the force evenly again, preventing individual anchor bricks 1 from being overloaded and breaking.

Claims

1. A hanging structure for the flat top of a heating furnace, characterized in that, The invention discloses a kind of hanging structure for heating furnace flat top, including top template (12), side template is arranged around the top template (12), a plurality of anchoring bricks (1) is detachably arranged on the top template (12), top hanging assembly is connected in the top of all anchoring bricks (1), the top hanging assembly is hung on steel beam assembly (11), each anchoring brick (1) is vertically arranged on the top template (12), each anchoring brick (1) is pulled in the hanging assembly and the top template (12) between.

2. A suspension structure for the hearth top of a heating furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of anchoring bricks (1) are detachably arranged in a rectangular array on the bottom of the top template (12).

3. A suspension structure for the hearth top of a heating furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that It also includes horizontal transverse pull rod (5) connected to the top of all anchoring bricks (1) in each row, and the hanging assembly includes a plurality of transverse hanging units horizontally arranged on the steel beam assembly (11), the bottom of each transverse hanging unit is hung on the corresponding horizontal transverse pull rod (5).

4. A suspension structure for a hearth top of a heating furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that The transverse hanging unit includes a double-channel steel beam (7) horizontally arranged between two steel beams, a plurality of screw rod hanging hooks (6) are transversely arranged at equal intervals on the double-channel steel beam (7), the top of each screw rod hanging hook (6) is fixed on the double-channel steel beam (7) by a locking assembly, the bottom of each screw rod hanging hook (6) is a hook, and the hook is used to hang the corresponding horizontal transverse pull rod (5).

5. A suspension structure for the hearth top of a heating furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that The double-channel steel beam (7) is provided with a plurality of gaps matched with a plurality of screw rod hanging hooks (6), and the top of each screw rod hanging hook (6) is provided with an external thread.

6. A suspension structure for a furnace flat top according to claim 5, characterized in that The top of each screw rod hanging hook (6) is locked by the locking assembly through the corresponding gap, and the locking assembly includes a square washer (8), a spring (9) and a nut (10) which are sequentially sleeved on the external thread at the top of the corresponding screw rod hanging hook.

7. A suspension structure for a furnace flat top according to claim 6, characterized in that The bottom of each anchoring brick (1) is provided with a horizontal locking hole, and each anchoring brick (1) is locked on the top template (12) by a locking steel wire (13) passing through the horizontal locking hole.

8. A suspension structure for a furnace flat top according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of each anchoring brick (1) is high-alumina refractory material.

9. The hanging structure for heating furnace flat top according to claim 7, wherein, The length of each anchoring brick (1) is 200mm-700mm; The upper part of each anchoring brick (1) is provided with a hanging hole with a diameter of 10mm-30mm; The lower part of each anchoring brick (1) is provided with a mounting hole with a diameter of 2mm-30mm; Each mounting hole is fixed to the bottom template by the locking steel wire (13), and the diameter of the locking steel wire (13) is 1mm-4mm; The diameter of each horizontal transverse pull rod (5) is 10mm-30mm; The upper part of each screw rod hanging hook (6) is an external thread, and the lower part is a U-shaped hook, the total length of each screw rod hanging hook (6) is 100mm-800mm, and the diameter of each screw rod hanging hook (6) is 6mm-30mm; The model of each double-channel steel beam (7) is channel steel 5#-20#, the distance between two adjacent double-channel steel beams (7) is 10mm-50mm, and the total length of each double-channel steel beam (7) is 200mm-2000mm; The square gasket (8) has a length of 30mm-60mm and a width of 30mm-60mm, the thickness of the square gasket (8) is 1mm-12mm, the wire diameter of the spring (9) is 1mm-4mm, the inner diameter of the spring (9) is 10mm-40mm, and the height of the spring (9) is 10mm-50mm.

10. A flat top of a heating furnace comprising a suspension structure for a flat top of a heating furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The refractory castable layer (2), the fiber blanket layer (3) and the lightweight castable layer (4) are sequentially poured on the top formwork (12), and the height of the lightweight castable layer (4) is lower than the height of the horizontal transverse pull rod (5).

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