Battery pack abnormity monitoring device

Abstract

The utility model relates to a battery pack abnormity monitoring device, and belongs to the technical field of battery fault monitoring, and the battery pack abnormity monitoring device comprises a three-way valve which is arranged corresponding to a battery pack, the battery pack is provided with a vent hole in advance, and the input end of the three-way valve is communicated with the vent hole in the corresponding battery pack; the qualitative analysis sensor corresponds to the three-way valve, and the input end of the qualitative analysis sensor is communicated with the first output end of the corresponding three-way valve; the output ends of all the qualitative analysis sensors are connected in parallel and are communicated with the gas exhaust port; the second output ends of all the three-way valves are connected in parallel and are communicated with the input end of the gas analysis and detection system, and the output end of the gas analysis and detection system is communicated with the gas exhaust port; when the qualitative analysis sensor monitors that gas is abnormal, the first output end of the corresponding three-way valve is closed, the second output end of the corresponding three-way valve is opened, and the gas analysis and detection system analyzes and detects the abnormal gas. The battery pack gas monitoring device has the beneficial effect of realizing monitoring of the battery pack gas in the engineering in a low-cost and high-efficiency manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of battery fault monitoring, and in particular to a battery pack anomaly monitoring device. Background Technology

[0002] With societal development, chemical energy storage is becoming increasingly widespread. Although there are certain technical measures in place at the cell, module, and even pack levels, safety issues continue to arise, especially in large-scale energy storage systems such as cabinet / box structures using lithium batteries, where dangerous accidents are frequent. When a lithium battery malfunctions, the battery cell typically heats up, which in turn generates gases of different compositions. The composition of these gases is related to the materials used in the lithium battery.

[0003] In related technologies, various gas detectors are typically installed inside battery cabinets or boxes to monitor gases emitted during abnormal battery conditions, allowing for appropriate rescue measures. Battery packs can have sealed or open structures. In sealed battery packs, gases produced during anomalies may remain within the sealed structure, accumulate over time before dispersing into the air, or even release into the air after an extreme explosion. This monitoring method can hinder the initial assessment of battery malfunctions, potentially missing the optimal rescue window. In open battery packs, gases emitted during anomalies will evaporate into the air. While the aforementioned monitoring methods can detect these gases and trigger alarms, indicating battery abnormalities, they cannot pinpoint which battery pack is malfunctioning, also impacting subsequent rescue efforts. Therefore, these monitoring methods are reactive, focusing on post-accident monitoring and response. Even if a dangerous incident is detected, the time available for intervention is limited, and effective rescue methods are often lacking, potentially leading to serious accidents. Early detection of danger can significantly reduce its severity and even eliminate it altogether.

[0004] The process from an abnormality to thermal runaway in a lithium battery is gradual. If the danger is detected and dealt with in time in the early stages of the abnormality, the danger can be reduced to a minimum.

[0005] For lithium battery safety, a relatively effective measure is to monitor the temperature of the battery cells and the gas content within the battery pack. Typical battery management systems (BMS) include temperature monitoring, which is easy and convenient to implement, and also relatively inexpensive.

[0006] However, gas monitoring presents certain challenges: 1) The gas concentration generated in the early stages of battery malfunction is very low, requiring high accuracy from gas sensors; 2) The gas composition is complex, necessitating multiple gas sensors, leading to high costs; 3) Gas sensors have a limited lifespan, making replacement difficult within the battery module; 4) Their large size results in a large battery module and reduced power density per unit area.

[0007] Therefore, the technical solution of detecting battery anomalies by monitoring gas generally needs to be installed outside the battery pack and the gas is monitored by a chromatograph / mass spectrometer. However, since the chromatograph / mass spectrometer is slow and expensive, it is only suitable for use in the laboratory and not for use in engineering. Utility Model Content

[0008] To achieve cost-effective and efficient monitoring of gas in battery packs during engineering projects, this application provides a battery pack anomaly monitoring device, employing the following technical solution:

[0009] A battery pack anomaly monitoring device, comprising:

[0010] A three-way valve is provided corresponding to the battery pack. The battery pack has a vent port pre-opened on it, and the input end of the three-way valve is connected to the vent port on the corresponding battery pack.

[0011] A qualitative analysis sensor is provided corresponding to the three-way valve, and its input end is connected to the first output end of the corresponding three-way valve; the output ends of all the qualitative analysis sensors are connected in parallel and connected to the gas exhaust port.

[0012] In the gas analysis and detection system, the second output terminals of all the three-way valves are connected in parallel and connected to the input terminal of the gas analysis and detection system, and the output terminal of the gas analysis and detection system is connected to the gas exhaust port.

[0013] Under normal circumstances, the input and first output terminals of the three-way valve are normally open, and the second output terminal is closed. When the qualitative analysis sensor detects an abnormal gas, the first output terminal of the three-way valve closes and the second output terminal opens, and the gas analysis and detection system analyzes and detects the abnormal gas.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, since the three-way valve and qualitative analysis sensor are correspondingly set with each battery pack (one three-way valve and one qualitative analysis sensor per battery pack), each qualitative analysis sensor can perform preliminary monitoring of the gas released by the corresponding battery pack. When the qualitative analysis sensor detects an anomaly, it switches the corresponding three-way valve, allowing the abnormal gas to enter the gas analysis and detection system for quantitative analysis. By using a three-way valve to switch between two gas paths, it is possible to quickly determine which battery pack has an abnormal gas. Using a single gas analysis and detection system to complete gas quantitative analysis reduces costs and is highly practical. This solution enables multi-channel gas acquisition and analysis, and rapid acquisition of analysis results, achieving low-cost and efficient monitoring of battery pack gases in engineering projects. It allows for early safety monitoring and warning of energy storage power stations, thereby eliminating accidents at their inception.

[0015] Optionally, the gas analysis and detection system consists of multiple sensor modules connected in series, and the sensor modules are optical sensors or sensors without cross-interference.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the quantitative output of different component gases can be achieved, providing a data foundation for the calculation model of battery pack thermal runaway.

[0017] Optionally, the battery pack anomaly monitoring device further includes:

[0018] The first air pump has its input end connected in parallel with the output ends of all the qualitative analysis sensors, and its output end connected to the gas exhaust port.

[0019] The second pump has its input end connected to the output end of the gas analysis and detection system, and its output end connected to the gas discharge port.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the gas in the battery pack can be delivered to the input end of the three-way valve in a timely manner, thereby reducing the time for the gas pipeline to deliver the sampling gas and coping with extreme battery thermal runaway situations.

[0021] Optionally, the battery pack anomaly monitoring device further includes:

[0022] The first flow meter has one end connected to the parallel output of all the qualitative analysis sensors, and the other end connected to the input of the first air pump.

[0023] The second flow meter has one end connected to the output of the gas analysis and detection system and the other end connected to the input of the second pump.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, stable airflow delivery can be achieved, which is beneficial for qualitative analysis sensors and gas analysis detection systems.

[0025] Optionally, a filter is installed at the input of the gas analysis and detection system.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solutions, particles and water vapor in the sampled gas can be eliminated, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the gas analysis and detection system.

[0027] Optionally, a flow regulating valve is installed between the input of the gas analysis and detection system and the filter.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, it is convenient to adjust the gas flow rate.

[0029] In summary, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The purpose of setting up a three-way valve, qualitative analysis sensor, and gas analysis detection system is that each qualitative analysis sensor can perform preliminary monitoring of the gas released by the corresponding battery pack. When the qualitative analysis sensor detects an anomaly, it switches the corresponding three-way valve, allowing the abnormal gas to enter the gas analysis detection system for quantitative analysis. By using a three-way valve to switch between two gas paths, it is possible to quickly determine which battery pack has an abnormal gas. Using a single gas analysis detection system to complete gas quantitative analysis reduces costs and is highly practical. This solution enables multi-channel gas acquisition and analysis, and rapid acquisition of analysis results, achieving low-cost and efficient monitoring of battery pack gases in engineering projects. It allows for early safety monitoring and warning of energy storage power stations, thereby eliminating accidents at their inception.

[0031] 2. The purpose of setting up the first and second air pumps is to continuously deliver the gas from the battery pack to the input end of the three-way valve, thereby reducing the time for the gas pipeline to deliver the sampling gas and enabling the system to cope with extreme battery thermal runaway situations.

[0032] 3. The purpose of setting up a filter is to eliminate particles and water vapor in the sampled gas, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the gas analysis and detection system. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a circuit structure diagram of an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a control structure diagram of an embodiment of this application.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 101, three-way valve; 102, qualitative analysis sensor; 103, gas analysis and detection system; 104, first flow meter; 105, first air pump; 106, second flow meter; 107, second air pump; 108, filter; 109, flow regulating valve; 110, microprocessor. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the appendices of the embodiments of this utility model will be described below. Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 2 The technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model are clearly and completely described herein. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0037] This application discloses a battery pack anomaly monitoring device. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The battery pack anomaly monitoring device may include a three-way valve 101, a qualitative analysis sensor 102, and a gas analysis and detection system 103.

[0038] Each battery pack to be monitored has a pre-drilled vent to allow for the release of gases generated by the battery pack. A three-way valve 101 and a qualitative analysis sensor 102 are each associated with a battery pack; that is, one battery pack corresponds to one three-way valve 101 and one qualitative analysis sensor 102.

[0039] The input terminal of the three-way valve 101 is connected to the vent of the corresponding battery pack, and its first output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the corresponding qualitative analysis sensor 102. The output terminals of all qualitative analysis sensors 102 are connected in parallel and connected to the gas exhaust port. The second output terminals of all three-way valves 101 are connected in parallel and connected to the input terminal of the gas analysis and detection system 103. The output terminal of the gas analysis and detection system 103 is connected to the gas exhaust port. There can be one or two gas exhaust ports.

[0040] The gas analysis and detection system 103 consists of multiple sensor modules connected in series. The sensor modules use optical sensors or sensors without cross-interference.

[0041] This application uses a 16-cell battery pack as an example to describe the generation of four gases: CO, CH4, H2, and C2H2.

[0042] The qualitative analysis sensor 102 can be a CH4 laser sensor. Based on tunable laser gas absorption spectroscopy (TD-LAS), the CH4 laser sensor uses a 1653.7nm laser to detect the characteristic "fingerprint spectrum" absorption of methane gas. It is resistant to interference from water vapor or other gases, has high detection sensitivity and accuracy, digital output, long lifespan, and low cost. The CH4 laser sensor is sealed in an independent structure to prevent crosstalk between different gas paths.

[0043] The gas analysis and detection system 103 can be composed of a CO sensor, an H2 sensor, and a C2H2 sensor. The CO sensor uses a Gasboard-2006 infrared gas sensor module, capable of simultaneously detecting CO and CO2. It employs a high-performance probe and a special process for isothermal detection in the gas chamber, featuring high accuracy, fast response (less than 8 seconds), and no cross-reaction with other gases. This sensor is a modular structure that can be directly connected to the gas pipeline for easy replacement. The H2 sensor uses a semiconductor sensor from FIGARO of Japan, characterized by fast response, low power consumption, and small size. It incorporates novel sensitive elements and filtration measures, exhibiting minimal influence from interfering gases such as alcohol and carbon monoxide, while demonstrating high selectivity for hydrogen. The C2H2 sensor operates on an electrochemical principle, utilizing the chemical reaction of C2H2 at the working electrode of the electrolytic cell to generate an induced current. This induced current is proportional to the concentration, thus determining the concentration of the gas to be measured. It features low power consumption, high accuracy, high sensitivity, a wide linear range, excellent repeatability and stability, and no cross-reaction with other gases.

[0044] The H2 and C2H2 sensors can be packaged on a single circuit board, essentially functioning as independent modules in the gas path, facilitating component replacement. All gas path connections utilize quick-connect plugs for convenient maintenance and replacement.

[0045] Furthermore, the battery pack abnormality monitoring device also includes a first flow meter 104, a first air pump 105, a second flow meter 106, and a second air pump 107.

[0046] One end of the first flow meter 104 is connected to the parallel terminal of the output terminals of all qualitative analysis sensors 102, and the other end is connected to the input terminal of the first air pump 105. The output terminal of the first air pump 105 is connected to the gas discharge port.

[0047] One end of the second flow meter 106 is connected to the output end of the gas analysis and detection system 103, and the other end is connected to the input end of the second pump 107. The output end of the second pump 107 is connected to the gas discharge port.

[0048] Furthermore, a filter 108 and a flow regulating valve 109 are sequentially installed at the input end of the gas analysis and detection system 103.

[0049] Figure 1 The sampling port in the text refers to the air vent. The three-way valve 101 has ① as the input end, ② as the first output end, and ③ as the second output end.

[0050] Furthermore, referring to Figure 2The battery pack abnormality monitoring device also includes a microprocessor 110, which is communicatively connected to a three-way valve 101, a qualitative analysis sensor 102, a first flow meter 104, a first air pump 105, a flow regulating valve 109, a second flow meter 106, a gas analysis and detection system 103, and a second air pump 107.

[0051] The microprocessor 110 can adjust the rotation speed of the first suction pump 105 and the second suction pump 107 to control the flow rate; monitor the flow rate of the sampled gas in the gas pipeline according to the first flow meter 104 and the second flow meter 106; adjust the flow rate of the sampled gas by controlling the valve opening of the flow regulating valve 109; receive the analysis data from the qualitative analysis sensor 102, and control the three-way valve 101 to switch the gas pipeline when the analysis data is abnormal; and control the gas analysis and detection system 103 to perform quantitative analysis of abnormal gas.

[0052] The implementation principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0053] Before use, the flow rate should be adjusted according to the length of the gas pipeline at the site to meet the requirements of sensor testing, generally set to 0.5 L / min. During operation, the device will automatically adjust the speed of the first suction pump 105 and the second suction pump 107 to control the flow rate.

[0054] When the gas pipeline is under normal monitoring, the input and first output ends of all three-way valves 101 are in the conducting state. Under the action of the first air pump 105, the gas collected from each battery pack is delivered in real time to the input end of the corresponding three-way valve 101, and then flows through the corresponding qualitative analysis sensor 102, and then through the first flow meter 104 and the first air pump 105 discharge device.

[0055] When the qualitative analysis sensor 102 detects an anomaly in the sampled gas, the corresponding three-way valve 101 switches the second output terminal to the on state and the first output terminal to the off state. The sampled gas with the abnormality then passes through the filter 108, the flow regulating valve 109, and then into the gas analysis and detection system 103 under the action of the second suction pump 107, finally exiting the device via the second flow meter 106 and the second suction pump 107. This technology enables multi-channel (e.g., 16-channel) gas sampling from energy storage battery packs. The gas undergoes qualitative analysis followed by quantitative analysis of gas components. The system allows for seamless switching of the gas pipeline containing the abnormal gas, quickly obtaining analysis results to promptly detect battery pack anomalies. This achieves early safety monitoring and warning for energy storage power stations, eliminating potential accidents in their early stages.

[0056] This technology is not limited to battery storage cabinets / boxes. In other similar locations, the use of this technology for the rapid collection and analysis of multiple gases is also within the scope of protection.

[0057] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any feature disclosed in this specification (including the abstract and drawings) may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features unless specifically stated otherwise. That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is only one example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

Claims

1. A battery pack abnormality monitoring apparatus characterized by comprising: The battery pack abnormality monitoring device comprises: a three-way valve (101) arranged correspondingly to a battery pack, a vent being previously formed on the battery pack, an input end of the three-way valve (101) being communicated with the vent on the battery pack; a qualitative analysis sensor (102) arranged correspondingly to the three-way valve (101), an input end of the qualitative analysis sensor (102) being communicated with a first output end of the three-way valve (101), output ends of all the qualitative analysis sensors (102) being connected in parallel and communicated with a gas discharge port; a gas analysis detection system (103), second output ends of all the three-way valves (101) being connected in parallel and communicated with an input end of the gas analysis detection system (103), an output end of the gas analysis detection system (103) being communicated with the gas discharge port; under normal circumstances, the input end and the first output end of the three-way valve (101) are in an open state, and the second output end is in a closed state; when the qualitative analysis sensor (102) detects abnormal gas, the first output end of the three-way valve (101) is closed, and the second output end is opened, and the gas analysis detection system (103) analyzes and detects the abnormal gas.

2. The battery pack abnormality monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The gas analysis detection system (103) is composed of a plurality of sensor modules connected in series, and the sensor modules adopt optical sensors or sensors without cross interference.

3. The battery pack abnormality monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The battery pack abnormality monitoring device further comprises: a first air pump (105), an input end of the first air pump (105) being communicated with a parallel end of output ends of all the qualitative analysis sensors (102) connected in parallel, and an output end of the first air pump (105) being communicated with the gas discharge port; a second air pump (107), an input end of the second air pump (107) being communicated with an output end of the gas analysis detection system (103), and an output end of the second air pump (107) being communicated with the gas discharge port.

4. The battery pack abnormality monitoring apparatus according to claim 3, wherein The battery pack abnormality monitoring device further comprises: a first flow meter (104), one end of the first flow meter (104) being communicated with the parallel end of the output ends of all the qualitative analysis sensors (102) connected in parallel, and the other end of the first flow meter (104) being communicated with the input end of the first air pump (105); a second flow meter (106), one end of the second flow meter (106) being communicated with the output end of the gas analysis detection system (103), and the other end of the second flow meter (106) being communicated with the input end of the second air pump (107).

5. The battery pack abnormality monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein A filter (108) is installed at the input end of the gas analysis detection system (103).

6. The battery pack abnormality monitoring apparatus according to claim 5, wherein A flow regulating valve (109) is installed between the input end of the gas analysis detection system (103) and the filter (108).

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