Electronic ink screen and display device

Abstract

The utility model provides an electronic ink screen and a display device. The electronic ink screen comprises a first substrate, a second substrate and an electronic ink display layer, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are oppositely arranged, and the electronic ink display layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate. The electronic ink screen comprises a display area and a non-display area, the electronic ink display layer is located in the display area, the non-display area comprises a packaging adhesive layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate, the packaging adhesive layer comprises a plurality of silver adhesive point avoiding areas, conductive silver adhesive points are arranged in the silver adhesive point avoiding areas, and the first substrate and the second substrate are electrically connected through the conductive silver adhesive points; the projection of the conductive silver adhesive points on the plane where the first substrate is located is located in the projection of the silver adhesive point avoiding area on the plane where the first substrate is located. According to the electronic ink screen provided by the utility model, the silver adhesive point avoiding region is arranged in the packaging adhesive layer, and the conductive silver adhesive points are arranged in the silver adhesive point avoiding region, so that a stress conduction path is blocked, the failure probability of the conductive silver adhesive points is reduced, the reliability of the electronic ink screen is improved, and the service life of the electronic ink screen is prolonged.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to display technical field especially relates to an electronic ink screen and display device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The electronic ink screen has been widely applied to digital outdoor advertisement, transportation information board and other outdoor scenes because of ultra-low power consumption, paper-like display effect and environmental protection characteristics, and can operate in a wide temperature range of -15 DEG C to 65 DEG C without high energy consumption heating or cooling equipment, and can be driven by renewable energy with solar panels, becoming the preferred display scheme for breaking outdoor power regulations. However, the outdoor ink screen generally shows a failure phenomenon of dim display and local area unable to display normally after 3 to 5 years of actual use, which seriously affects the stability of outdoor information dissemination and restricts its popularization and application in long-acting outdoor display scenes.

[0003] Analysis shows that the root cause of the above failure problem is the insufficient reliability of the conductive silver adhesive points of the outdoor ink screen. In the outdoor environment, thermal stress generated by alternating temperature changes, mechanical stress generated in the installation and use process and the like are directly conducted to the conductive silver adhesive point area through the continuous bonding adhesive layer between the substrates; the stress causes mechanical damage to the contact interface between the conductive silver adhesive points and the substrate, or causes failure behaviors such as oxidation of silver powder in the silver adhesive and electrochemical migration, and finally causes local electrical connection to be interrupted, showing dim display or local failure.

[0004] To solve the above problems, two types of improvement schemes are proposed in the prior art: one is to optimize the conductive silver adhesive material formula, to improve the reliability by improving the oxidation resistance and mechanical strength of the silver adhesive, but this scheme leads to a significant increase of about 30% in material cost, greatly increasing the production and application cost of the outdoor ink screen; the other is to strengthen the packaging structure design, such as increasing the thickness of the sealing adhesive ring and adopting a double-layer packaging structure, to try to reduce the stress influence by strengthening the external protection, but this scheme does not change the continuous conduction characteristics of the bonding adhesive layer, and the stress will still directly act on the conductive silver adhesive point area, and the failure problem caused by stress concentration cannot be solved from the root. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0005] The utility model embodiment provides a kind of electronic ink screen and display device, which is provided with a silver adhesive point avoidance area in the packaging adhesive layer, and the conductive silver adhesive point is arranged in the silver adhesive point avoidance area, so as to block the stress conduction path, reduce the failure probability of the conductive silver adhesive point, and improve the reliability and service life of the electronic ink screen.

[0006] According to one aspect of the utility model, an electronic ink screen is provided, comprising a first substrate, a second substrate arranged oppositely, and an electronic ink display layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0007] The electronic ink screen comprises a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area, the electronic ink display layer is located in the display area, the non-display area comprises an encapsulation adhesive layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate, the encapsulation adhesive layer comprises a plurality of silver adhesive point avoiding areas, the silver adhesive point avoiding areas are provided with conductive silver adhesive points, and the first substrate and the second substrate are electrically connected through the conductive silver adhesive points.

[0008] The projection of the conductive silver adhesive point on the plane of the first substrate is located in the projection of the silver adhesive point avoiding area on the plane of the first substrate, and a gap with a preset width is arranged between the edge of the conductive silver adhesive point and the encapsulation adhesive layer.

[0009] Optionally, the width of the gap is greater than or equal to 0.5mm.

[0010] Optionally, the projection of the conductive silver adhesive point on the plane of the first substrate is circular, and the projection of the silver adhesive point avoiding area on the plane of the first substrate is circular or polygonal.

[0011] Optionally, the center of the projection of the conductive silver adhesive point on the plane of the first substrate coincides with the center of the projection of the silver adhesive point avoiding area on the plane of the first substrate.

[0012] Optionally, the outer contours of the first substrate and the second substrate are both rectangular.

[0013] The number of the conductive silver adhesive points is six, and the conductive silver adhesive points are arranged at the four corner positions and the midpoint of the long side of the rectangle.

[0014] Optionally, in the region of the encapsulation adhesive layer adjacent to the silver adhesive point avoiding area, the width range of at least part of the encapsulation adhesive layer is 2mm to 5mm.

[0015] Optionally, the thickness of the encapsulation adhesive layer ranges from 50μm to 100μm.

[0016] Optionally, the side of the first substrate close to the electronic ink display layer is provided with an array of driving circuits and pixel electrodes.

[0017] Optionally, the second substrate comprises a light guide plate, a transparent electrode layer located on the side of the light guide plate close to the electronic ink display layer, and an anti-glare layer located on the side of the light guide plate away from the electronic ink display layer.

[0018] According to another aspect of the present application, a display device is provided, comprising the above electronic ink screen.

[0019] The electronic ink screen provided by the embodiment of the utility model, including first base plate, second base plate and electronic ink display layer between first base plate and second base plate, wherein first base plate can be lower base plate (array base plate), second base plate can be upper base plate, and electronic ink display layer realizes display by electrophoresis principle; Electronic ink screen includes display area and non-display area around display area, and electronic ink display layer is located in display area and is used for realizing picture display, and non-display area includes encapsulation adhesive layer between first base plate and second base plate and is used for realizing encapsulation of electronic ink screen; Encapsulation adhesive layer includes multiple silver adhesive point avoidance areas, and conductive silver adhesive point is arranged in silver adhesive point avoidance area, and first base plate and second base plate are electrically connected through conductive silver adhesive point; The projection of conductive silver adhesive point in the plane of first base plate is located in the projection of silver adhesive point avoidance area in the plane of first base plate, so that there is a certain gap between conductive silver adhesive point and encapsulation adhesive layer, to block stress conduction path, reduce failure probability of conductive silver adhesive point, and improve reliability and service life of electronic ink screen.

[0020] It should be understood that the content described in this part is not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the utility model, and is not used to limit the scope of the utility model. Other features of the utility model will become easy to understand through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced below, and obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the utility model, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative labor for those skilled in the art.

[0022] Figure 1 A top view schematic diagram of an electronic ink screen provided by the embodiment of the utility model is shown in the figure.

[0023] Figure 2 A sectional structure schematic diagram along the section line A1A2 is shown in the figure. Figure 1

[0024] Figure 3 Another sectional structure schematic diagram along the section line A1A2 is shown in the figure. Figure 1

[0025] Another top view schematic diagram of an electronic ink screen provided by the embodiment of the utility model is shown in the figure. Figure 4

[0026] Another top view schematic diagram of an electronic ink screen provided by the embodiment of the utility model is shown in the figure. Figure 5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] ​​In order to make the person skilled in the art better understand the technical scheme of the present application, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by the person skilled in the art without creative labor should belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0028] It should be noted that the terms used in the embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. It should be noted that the "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and other directional words described in the embodiments of the present application are described in the angle shown in the drawings, and should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application. In addition, it should also be understood in the context that when referring to an element being formed "on" or "under" another element, it can be directly formed "on" or "under" another element, or indirectly formed "on" or "under" another element through an intermediate element. The terms "first", "second", etc. are only for the purpose of description, and do not represent any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. It should be understood that the terms used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, for example, a process, method, system, product or device including a series of steps or units does not have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but can include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0029] The prior art has the defects of high cost or poor effect in solving the problem of falling off and oxidation failure of the conductive silver adhesive points of the outdoor electronic ink screen caused by thermal stress or mechanical stress, and there is an urgent need for a technical scheme with low cost and effective stress conduction blocking and silver adhesive point connection reliability improvement to prolong the service life of the outdoor electronic ink screen and meet the demand for long-term stability of devices in outdoor display scenarios.

[0030] Based on this, the embodiments of the present application provide an electronic ink screen, Figure 1 A top view schematic diagram of an electronic ink screen provided by the embodiments of the present application, Figure 2 is along Figure 1 A cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of the middle cross-sectional line A1A2, for reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The electronic ink screen provided in this embodiment includes a first substrate 10, a second substrate 20 disposed opposite to each other, and an electronic ink display layer 30 located between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20. The electronic ink screen includes a display area 100 and a non-display area 200 surrounding the display area 100. The electronic ink display layer 30 is located in the display area 100. The non-display area 200 includes an encapsulating adhesive layer 40 located between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20. The encapsulating adhesive layer 40 includes a plurality of silver paste dot avoidance areas 41. Conductive silver paste dots 42 are disposed in the silver paste dot avoidance areas 41. The first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are electrically connected through the conductive silver paste dots 42. The projection of the conductive silver paste dots 42 onto the plane of the first substrate 10 is located within the projection of the silver paste dot avoidance areas 41 onto the plane of the first substrate 10. A gap of a preset width is provided between the edges of the conductive silver paste dots 42 and the encapsulating adhesive layer 40, that is, the projection of the edges of the conductive silver paste dots 42 onto the first substrate 10 and the projection of the edges of the silver paste dot avoidance areas 41 onto the plane of the first substrate 10 do not overlap.

[0031] Electronic ink display (also known as electronic paper or EPD) is a reflective display device based on electrophoretic display technology. Its core features are bistable operation (image retention after power failure), a paper-like visual experience, and ultra-low power consumption, consuming power only during refresh. The overall structure of an electronic ink display can be divided into two core parts: a first substrate 10, a second substrate 20, and the crucial intermediate electronic ink display layer 30. The first substrate 10 can be a lower substrate, i.e., an array substrate. Optionally, the side of the first substrate 10 closest to the electronic ink display layer 30 is provided with an array of driving circuits and pixel electrodes. Figure 2 (Not shown in the image). Specifically, the first substrate 10 includes a base, which can be a rigid substrate, such as a glass substrate, or a flexible substrate, such as a polyimide substrate. The thickness of the base can be 0.4mm to 0.7mm, and can be selected according to the actual situation in specific implementations. A control chip can be integrated on the substrate corresponding to the non-display area. Figure 2 (Not shown in the image) The pixel electrode layer is responsible for signal processing and voltage control. The substrate corresponding to the display area can integrate a driving circuit array formed by multiple thin-film transistors (TFTs) and pixel electrodes to precisely control the electric field of each pixel.

[0032] Figure 3 For along Figure 1 Another cross-sectional structural diagram of section line A1A2, see reference. Figure 3The second substrate 20 can be an upper substrate, i.e., a cover plate. Optionally, the second substrate 20 includes a light guide plate 21, a transparent electrode layer 22 located on the side of the light guide plate 21 close to the electronic ink display layer 30, and an anti-glare layer 23 located on the side of the light guide plate 21 away from the electronic ink display layer 30. In a specific implementation, the light guide plate 21 serves to protect and homogenize light, and the thickness of the light guide plate 21 can be 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm. The transparent electrode layer 22 can be made of transparent conductive materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and provides a common potential for the entire screen, forming a vertical electric field with the pixel electrode below. The anti-glare layer 23 is used to protect the internal display structure, reduce environmental light reflection, and improve visibility and structural strength. The transparent electrode layer 22 is electrically connected to the first substrate 10 through conductive silver paste points 42. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the second substrate 20 can also be provided with a touch layer, which can also be electrically connected to the first substrate 10 through the conductive silver paste points 42. The specific implementation can be designed according to actual conditions. The light guide plate 21 and the anti-glare layer 23 can be bonded by optical adhesive, Figure 3 which is not shown in the figure.

[0033] The electronic ink display layer 30 is a display core functional layer, and a plurality of micron-level (diameter about 30 μm to 50 μm) electronic ink microcapsules are encapsulated inside. 3 The microcapsules are filled with transparent electrophoretic medium (for example, transparent silicone oil, density 1.02 g / cm

[0034] In an embodiment, the material of the encapsulation adhesive layer 40 can be transparent optical adhesive (OCA). Optionally, the thickness of the encapsulation adhesive layer 40 ranges from 50 μm to 100 μm. By setting the thickness of the encapsulation adhesive layer 40 to range from 50 μm to 100 μm, the thickness of the encapsulation adhesive layer 40 is slightly larger than the size of the electronic ink microcapsules of the electronic ink display layer 30, forming sufficient accommodation space. The design principle of the silver paste avoidance area 41 can be that a ring-shaped adhesive line area is pre-engraved or shielded in the OCA adhesive layer, which forms a closed isolation band around each conductive silver paste point, so that a no-adhesive or low-stress area is formed around the conductive silver paste point. In a specific implementation, the electronic ink screen bonding includes the following steps:

[0035] (1) Position and mark the conductive silver paste points;

[0036] (2) Form the silver paste avoidance area on the OCA adhesive layer by die cutting or shielding process;

[0037] (3) Align and bond the first substrate and the second substrate, and ensure that the alignment accuracy of the silver paste avoidance area and the conductive silver paste point is ≤0.2 mm.

[0038] (4) Pressurized curing is completed.

[0039] The core working principle of the electronic ink screen is based on the electrophoresis effect, that is, the directional movement of charged particles under the action of an electric field. The microscopic process is as follows:

[0040] Initial state: black and white particles in microcapsules are randomly suspended in a transparent liquid, and there is no fixed display state when no electric field is applied.

[0041] Electric field application: when the common electrode is positively charged relative to the pixel electrode: negatively charged black particles are attracted to the top, and positively charged white particles are repelled to the bottom, and the pixel presents black.

[0042] When the common electrode is negatively charged relative to the pixel electrode: positively charged white particles are attracted to the top, and negatively charged black particles are repelled to the bottom, and the pixel presents white.

[0043] Gray scale implementation: by controlling the voltage size, duration and waveform, the particles can be allowed to stay in the middle position, forming different light and dark gray levels (commonly 16 / 256 levels).

[0044] Bistable retention: after the particles reach the target position, they can be stably retained even if the electric field is removed (depending on the interaction between the particles and the capsule wall constraints), and the picture remains long-term without the need for continuous power supply.

[0045] Refresh mechanism: when updating the picture, first apply a reverse voltage to reset the particle position, then write a new electric field to complete the display switching.

[0046] According to the different display colors, the electronic ink screen has the following color implementation schemes:

[0047] Black and white screen: basic two-color particle system;

[0048] Three colors / multicolor: increase the number of color charged particles (such as red, yellow), or achieve through a filter array;

[0049] Color filter film: on the basis of the black and white screen, superimpose multiple colors of pigments and red, green and blue (RGB) filter layers to achieve full-color display (such as advanced color electronic paper ACeP technology).

[0050] The electronic ink screen precisely controls the electric field through a TFT array, drives the electrophoretic movement of charged particles in microcapsules, and realizes black and white / gray / color display, and uses bistability to achieve ultra-low power consumption. Compared with traditional liquid crystal display and light-emitting diode display devices that need continuous power supply to maintain the display picture, the electronic ink screen has high power consumption, poor outdoor visibility, and is prone to visual fatigue. The paper-like vision, eye protection and energy saving advantages of the electronic ink screen make it widely used in e-books, electronic price tags, smart wear and electronic billboards, etc.

[0051] The electronic ink screen provided by the embodiment of the utility model prevents the silver glue point from being damaged by the stress conduction path, reduces the failure probability of the conductive silver glue point, and improves the reliability and service life of the electronic ink screen.

[0052] Optionally, continuing to refer to Figure 2 , the width d1 of the gap between the edge of the conductive silver glue point 42 and the encapsulation glue layer 40 is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm.

[0053] The conductive silver glue point 42 can be formed by solidification of conductive silver paste. By setting the width d1 of the gap between the edge of the conductive silver glue point 42 and the encapsulation glue layer 40 to be greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, the stress conduction can be effectively blocked, and the failure probability of the conductive silver glue point 42 can be reduced.

[0054] Figure 4 Another top view schematic diagram of an electronic ink screen provided by the embodiment of the utility model is shown in FIG. 6, which refers to Figure 1 and Figure 4 Optionally, the projection of the conductive silver glue point 42 on the plane of the first substrate 10 is circular, and the projection of the silver glue point avoidance area 41 on the plane of the first substrate 10 is circular (as shown in FIG. 4) Figure 1 ) or polygonal (as shown in FIG. 5) Figure 4 ).

[0055] The projection of the conductive silver glue point 42 on the plane of the first substrate 10 can be a circle with a diameter of 1 mm. It can be understood that Figure 4 The projection of the silver glue point avoidance area 41 on the plane of the first substrate 10 shown in FIG. 4 is rectangular, which is only schematic. In other embodiments, the specific shape can be designed according to the actual situation, such as semicircular, hexagonal, etc. By setting the silver glue point avoidance area 41, a gap (gap width ≥ 0.5 mm, for example, which can be 1 mm to 2 mm) is reserved at the position of the conductive silver glue point, so that the conductive silver glue point 42 does not directly contact the OCA glue layer. Optionally, in the encapsulation glue layer region adjacent to the silver glue point avoidance area 41, the width d2 of at least part of the encapsulation glue layer ranges from 2 mm to 5 mm, for example, which can be 3 mm, and the distance between the encapsulation glue and the edge of the display area ranges from 0.5 mm to 2 mm, for example, which can be 1 mm.

[0056] In specific implementation, the silver glue point avoidance area 41 can be a completely glue-free area (achieved by die cutting process) or a low-adhesion area (achieved by surface treatment), which can be designed according to the actual situation in specific implementation.

[0057] Optionally, continuing to refer to Figure 1 or Figure 4The projection center of the conductive silver glue point 42 in the plane where the first substrate 10 is located coincides with the projection center of the silver glue point avoiding area 41 in the plane where the first substrate 10 is located.

[0058] Figure 5 The top view schematic diagram of another electronic ink screen provided by the embodiment of the utility model, optionally, the outer contour of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are all rectangular; the number of the conductive silver glue point 42 is six, and the conductive silver glue point 42 is arranged at the four corner positions of the rectangle and the midpoint of the long side of the rectangle.

[0059] Exemplarily, the electronic ink screen can be a kaleido color ink screen of 25.3 inches, the conductive silver glue points 42 are uniformly distributed around the display area 100, and are arranged at the four corner positions of the rectangle and the midpoint of the long side of the rectangle to ensure signal uniformity. Figure 1 In the rectangle short side, one conductive silver glue point 42 is arranged, and two conductive silver glue points 42 are arranged on the long side, and the specific implementation can be designed according to the actual situation.

[0060] Table 1 is a comparison table of prior art and the embodiment of the utility model, and table 2 is a comparison table of test results of prior art and the embodiment of the utility model, and the results of the embodiment of the utility model are as follows after reliability test:

[0061] High temperature and high humidity test: after 1000 hours in 55 DEG C / 85% RH environment, the change of conductive silver glue point contact resistance is less than 5%, and there is no falling or oxidation phenomenon;

[0062] Temperature cycle test: -10 DEG C 65 DEG C, 500 cycles, the conductive silver glue point remains complete, and the display is normal;

[0063] Vibration test: 20Hz→2000Hz sweep frequency, after 30 minutes of X / Y / Z three-axis, the conductive silver glue point has no crack or displacement.

[0064] In the prior art scheme, the failure rate of the conductive silver glue point is about 15%~20% after 500 times of temperature cycle; the failure rate of the embodiment of the utility model is less than 2% under the same condition, and the service life is prolonged by 3~5 years.

[0065] Table 1 comparison of prior art and the embodiment of the utility model

[0066]

[0067] Table 2 comparison of test results of prior art and the embodiment of the utility model

[0068]

[0069] The utility model embodiment further provides a display device, including any one kind of electronic ink screen provided by the above embodiment.

[0070] The display device provided by the embodiment of the utility model includes any one kind of electronic ink screen provided by the above embodiment, has the same or corresponding technical effect as the electronic ink screen, which is not described in detail here.

[0071] The above specific implementation does not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement within the spirit and principles of the utility model should be included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. An electronic ink screen, characterized in that, It includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and an electronic ink display layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate, which are disposed opposite to each other. The electronic ink screen includes a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area. The electronic ink display layer is located in the display area. The non-display area includes an encapsulating adhesive layer located between the first substrate and the second substrate. The encapsulating adhesive layer includes a plurality of silver paste dot avoidance areas. Conductive silver paste dots are disposed in the silver paste dot avoidance areas. The first substrate and the second substrate are electrically connected through the conductive silver paste dots. Wherein, the projection of the conductive silver paste dot onto the plane of the first substrate is located within the projection of the silver paste dot avoidance area onto the plane of the first substrate, and a gap of a preset width is provided between the edges of the conductive silver paste dot and the encapsulating adhesive layer.

2. The electronic ink screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the gap is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm.

3. The electronic ink screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, The projection of the conductive silver paste dots onto the plane of the first substrate is circular, and the projection of the silver paste dot avoidance area onto the plane of the first substrate is circular or polygonal.

4. The electronic ink screen according to claim 3, characterized in that, The projection center of the conductive silver paste dot on the plane where the first substrate is located coincides with the projection center of the silver paste dot avoidance area on the plane where the first substrate is located.

5. The electronic ink screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer contours of both the first substrate and the second substrate are rectangular; The number of conductive silver paste dots is six, and the conductive silver paste dots are located at the four corners of the rectangle and the midpoint of the long side of the rectangle.

6. The electronic ink screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the encapsulation adhesive layer region adjacent to the silver paste dot avoidance area, at least a portion of the encapsulation adhesive layer has a width ranging from 2mm to 5mm.

7. The electronic ink screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the encapsulating adhesive layer ranges from 50μm to 100μm.

8. The electronic ink screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first substrate has an array of driving circuits and pixel electrodes arranged on the side closest to the electronic ink display layer.

9. The electronic ink screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second substrate includes a light guide plate, a transparent electrode layer located on the side of the light guide plate near the electronic ink display layer, and an anti-glare layer located on the side of the light guide plate away from the electronic ink display layer.

10. A display device, characterized in that, Includes the electronic ink screen according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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