Optical substrate and display device

Abstract

The utility model provides an optical substrate and a display device, belongs to the technical field of display, and aims to improve 3D display crosstalk, the optical substrate comprises an effective light-transmitting area and a peripheral area, and the optical substrate comprises a substrate; the alignment layer is arranged on one side of the substrate; the first liquid crystal layer is arranged on the side, away from the substrate, of the alignment layer; the light shielding layer comprises a plurality of light shielding strips, and the azimuth angles of the liquid crystal molecules located on the two sides of the light shielding strips are different; the light shielding layer comprises a first light shielding layer or a second light shielding layer, the first light shielding layer is located between the substrate and the alignment layer, and the second light shielding layer is located on the side, away from the substrate, of the first liquid crystal layer or located on the side, away from the alignment layer, of the substrate. And under the condition that the optical substrate comprises the first shading layer, the surface, deviating from the substrate, of the alignment layer is a plane.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of display technology, specifically relating to an optical substrate and a display device. Background Technology

[0002] 3D display technology is based on the principle of binocular parallax, separating the image displayed on the LCD screen into two images. These two images are then independently sent to the left and right eyes of the viewer. The images from the two different viewpoints are analyzed and processed by the brain to form a stereoscopic scene. Specifically, using the pixel rows of the display panel as units, linearly polarized light of the same polarization state emitted from the odd pixel rows is converted into left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light, respectively. Viewers can wear circularly polarized glasses, with the left and right lenses allowing the left and right circularly polarized light to pass through, respectively. Through these glasses, the left and right eyes can respectively identify the images in the odd and even rows, thus achieving a 3D stereoscopic effect.

[0003] However, in current 3D display technology, the circularly polarized light that rotates left and right is not perfectly circular, but rather forms elliptically polarized light. This causes light that should not be seen to enter a single eye, resulting in multiple images and crosstalk problems. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application provides an optical substrate and a display device to solve the crosstalk problem that easily occurs in 3D display technology.

[0005] A first aspect of this application provides an optical substrate, the optical substrate including an effective light-transmitting area and a peripheral area, the optical substrate comprising:

[0006] Substrate;

[0007] An alignment layer is disposed on one side of the substrate;

[0008] A first liquid crystal layer is disposed on the side of the alignment layer opposite to the substrate; and

[0009] A light-shielding layer, comprising multiple light-shielding strips, wherein the liquid crystal molecules on both sides of the light-shielding strips have different azimuth angles; and

[0010] The light-shielding layer includes a first light-shielding layer or a second light-shielding layer. The first light-shielding layer is located between the substrate and the alignment layer. The second light-shielding layer is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer away from the substrate or on the side of the substrate away from the alignment layer. In the case where the optical substrate includes the first light-shielding layer, the surface of the alignment layer away from the substrate is planar.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and further includes:

[0012] A positioning layer, located between the substrate and the alignment layer, includes a plurality of positioning patterns, which are arranged at least at intervals along a column direction. The positioning patterns are used to position the optical substrate during the process of attaching the optical substrate to the display side of the display panel.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the positioning pattern is located in the effective light-transmitting area, and the material of the positioning layer includes an opaque conductive material.

[0014] In one possible implementation, multiple positioning patterns located in the effective light-transmitting area are arranged at intervals along the row direction, which intersects with the column direction.

[0015] In one possible implementation, in the row direction, the width of the positioning pattern is greater than or equal to the gap width between two adjacent positioning patterns.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the plurality of positioning patterns are arranged at equal intervals along the column direction and at equal intervals along the row direction, wherein the row direction intersects the column direction.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the plurality of positioning patterns includes at least one where the spacing between two adjacent pairs of positioning patterns is different.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the positioning pattern is at least partially located in the peripheral area, and the plurality of positioning patterns are located on opposite sides of the effective light-transmitting area along the row direction, which intersects the column direction.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the positioning pattern includes: a strip pattern and / or a dot pattern.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the orthogonal projection of the second light-shielding layer onto the substrate at least partially covers the orthogonal projection of the positioning pattern onto the substrate.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, the first light-shielding layer being made of a ferrous metal material.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and the thickness of the alignment layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first light-shielding layer.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and further includes:

[0024] A planarization layer is located between the first liquid crystal layer and the first light-shielding layer, and the side of the planarization layer closest to the first liquid crystal layer is a flat surface.

[0025] A second aspect of this application also provides a display device, including:

[0026] A display panel, comprising a plurality of pixels arranged in an array along row and column directions; and

[0027] As described in the first aspect of the embodiments of this application, the optical substrate is located on the light-emitting side of the display panel, the first liquid crystal layer of the optical substrate is disposed close to the display panel, the effective light-transmitting area of ​​the optical substrate at least partially covers the display area of ​​the display panel, the orthographic projection of the light-shielding strip of the optical substrate on the display panel is located between two adjacent rows of pixels, and the optical substrate is used to convert the linearly polarized light emitted from the display panel into circularly polarized light.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the display panel is provided with, in sequence along the light emission direction, a second liquid crystal layer, an upper polarizer, and a color filter.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and the optical substrate further includes a positioning layer. The positioning layer includes a plurality of positioning patterns arranged at intervals along the row direction. The spacing between two adjacent positioning patterns arranged along the row direction is less than or equal to the row pixel spacing. The row pixel spacing is the distance between two pixels arranged along the row direction of the display panel.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and the optical substrate further includes a positioning layer. The positioning layer includes a plurality of positioning patterns arranged at intervals along the column direction. The spacing between two adjacent positioning patterns arranged along the column direction is equal to the column pixel spacing. The column pixel spacing is the distance between two pixels arranged along the column direction of the display panel.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: The optical substrate and display device proposed in the embodiments of this application improve the light-shielding layer (i.e., BM) in the optical substrate. On the one hand, by setting a first light-shielding layer, that is, by changing the form of the BM (for example, reducing the thickness of the BM layer), the surface of the alignment layer away from the substrate is made flatter, avoiding affecting the alignment of the surrounding liquid crystal molecules, thereby reducing the impact of crosstalk. On the other hand, by setting a second light-shielding layer, that is, changing the position of the BM, so that the second light-shielding layer is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer away from the substrate or on the side of the substrate away from the alignment layer, the BM is separated from the alignment layer, thereby avoiding the thicker BM causing the alignment layer surface to be uneven, and thus avoiding affecting the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules around the alignment layer, achieving the purpose of reducing crosstalk.

[0032] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. It should be noted that the scale in the drawings is for illustration only and does not represent the actual scale.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the display principle of a GPR 3D display technology according to an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an existing optical substrate in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical substrate according to an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second light-shielding layer in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of another second light-shielding layer in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a line segment-shaped positioning pattern in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a dot-shaped positioning pattern in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of an irregularly arranged positioning pattern in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application in which the positioning layer is located in the surrounding area;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an improved display device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure description: 1. Substrate; 2. Alignment layer; 3. First liquid crystal layer; 4. Light-shielding layer;

[0046] First light-shielding layer 401, second light-shielding layer 402, positioning layer 403;

[0047] Optical substrate 100, display panel 200, optical transparent adhesive 300;

[0048] The components include a driving substrate 201, a second liquid crystal layer 202, a color filter 203, a transparent cover plate 204, and an upper polarizer 205. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same class, not limited in number; for example, the first object can be one or at least two. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0051] 3D imaging relies on the visual difference between the two eyes. The distance between a person's two pupils is generally about 6.5cm. When both eyes view an object simultaneously, the left eye sees more of the left side of the object, and the right eye sees more of the right side. This creates different images on the retinas of both eyes. These two different images are then processed by the brain to distinguish the object's front-back and left-right positions, thus creating stereoscopic vision. 3D display technology is based on the principle of binocular parallax. It artificially separates the image displayed on the LCD screen into two images, which are then independently sent to the left and right eyes. The brain analyzes and processes these two images from different viewpoints, forming a stereoscopic image with left-right, top-bottom, and front-back effects. In 3D technology, polarized 3D technology is further divided into linear polarization and circular polarization. Linear polarization is prone to crosstalk, resulting in a typically smaller horizontal viewing angle; while circular polarization has a larger horizontal viewing angle, allowing multiple people to view the image simultaneously over a wider angle range.

[0052] Currently, 3D display technology mainly employs Glass Pattern Retarder (GPR) 3D display technology, the principle of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the display principle of GPR 3D display technology is shown. GPR uses the pixel row of the panel as the unit, converting linearly polarized light of the same polarization state emitted from the odd and even pixel rows of the panel into left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light respectively. Viewers can wear circularly polarized glasses, with the left and right lenses respectively allowing left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light to pass through. After wearing the circularly polarized glasses, the left and right eyes can respectively recognize the images of the odd and even rows on the panel, thereby achieving a 3D stereoscopic effect.

[0053] In current GPR 3D displays, crosstalk occurs because the left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized light is not perfectly circular. Specifically, ideally, a circularly polarized 3D display device emits left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized light. However, in reality, due to manufacturing processes, precision requirements, and structural design, the emitted left-hand and right-hand light is not perfectly circularly polarized but rather elliptically polarized. This causes light that shouldn't be visible to a single eye to enter, creating multiple images. Therefore, crosstalk often occurs when viewing a 3D display, manifesting as ghosting of 3D objects.

[0054] In view of the above problems, this application provides an optical substrate and a display device, which improves the light-shielding layer (BM) in the optical substrate. On the one hand, by setting a first light-shielding layer, that is, by changing the form of the BM (for example, reducing the thickness of the BM layer), the surface of the alignment layer facing away from the substrate is made flatter, avoiding affecting the alignment of surrounding liquid crystal molecules, thereby reducing the impact of crosstalk. On the other hand, by setting a second light-shielding layer, that is, by changing the position of the BM, so that the second light-shielding layer is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer facing away from the substrate or on the side of the substrate facing away from the alignment layer, the BM is separated from the alignment layer, thereby avoiding the unevenness of the alignment layer surface caused by a thicker BM, and thus avoiding affecting the alignment of liquid crystal molecules around the alignment layer, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing crosstalk.

[0055] A first aspect of this application discloses an optical substrate, the optical substrate comprising an effective light-transmitting area and a peripheral area, the optical substrate comprising:

[0056] Substrate 1;

[0057] Alignment layer 2 is disposed on one side of the substrate 1;

[0058] A first liquid crystal layer 3 is disposed on the side of the alignment layer 2 facing away from the substrate 1; and

[0059] Light-shielding layer 4, comprising multiple light-shielding strips, wherein the liquid crystal molecules on both sides of the light-shielding strips have different azimuth angles; and

[0060] The light-shielding layer 4 includes a first light-shielding layer 401 or a second light-shielding layer 402. The first light-shielding layer 401 is located between the substrate 1 and the alignment layer 2. The second light-shielding layer 402 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer 3 away from the substrate 1 or on the side of the substrate 1 away from the alignment layer 2. In the case where the optical substrate includes the first light-shielding layer 401, the surface of the alignment layer 2 away from the substrate 1 is planar.

[0061] The optical substrate proposed in this embodiment can be applied in GPR 3D display technology, serving as a combination of GPR film and 2D display panel to jointly achieve a 3D stereoscopic effect. (Refer to...) Figure 2 , Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a conventional optical substrate is shown, such as Figure 2 As shown in (a), the optical substrate is positioned on the light-emitting side of the 2D display panel, and the 2D display panel and the optical substrate are bonded together using optically clear adhesive (OCA). Figure 2 The optical substrate shown has liquid crystal layers stacked sequentially along the light emission direction of the 2D display panel. Figure 2 PLC in the middle), alignment layer ( Figure 2In the PI), black matrix layer (BM) and substrate ( Figure 2 (Glass in the text). For example... Figure 2 Figure (b) shows the orthographic projection of the BM layer on the substrate. In related technologies, the BM is set as multiple light-shielding strips arranged in rows, with each light-shielding strip located between two adjacent pixel rows, to block light from non-pixel areas and convert linearly polarized light of the same polarization state emitted from the odd pixel rows of the Panel into left-hand circularly polarized light and right-hand circularly polarized light, respectively.

[0062] In this embodiment, the optical substrate includes an effective light-transmitting area and a peripheral area. The effective light-transmitting area is also called the AA area, and the peripheral area is also called the non-AA area (Non-Active Area), referring to the edge area of ​​the display screen (such as the area containing the bezel, driving circuitry, etc.). The effective light-transmitting area corresponds to the effective area in the display screen capable of displaying images, and is typically composed of a pixel array, including pixel areas and non-pixel areas. Pixel areas are often composed of rows of pixels arranged in rows, while non-pixel areas correspond to the spacing between pixel rows, i.e., ... Figure 2 (b) shows the area covered by BM.

[0063] Optical substrates typically employ Ultra Violet Twice Align (UV2A) technology to align the liquid crystal molecules (Polymerizable Liquid Crystal, PLC) in the first liquid crystal layer 3, causing the liquid crystal molecules located on either side of the light-shielding strip to have different azimuth angles, thus generating left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light respectively. To achieve this alignment effect, a sufficiently thick BM layer is required. The BM not only blocks light but also plays a positioning role during UV2A exposure, therefore it is designed to be located closest to the substrate, i.e., below the liquid crystal layer. However, a high BM layer thickness can lead to an uneven surface of the alignment layer on top (e.g., ...). Figure 2 As shown in the diagram, the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is highly dependent on the flatness of the substrate surface and the uniformity of the alignment layer. Unevenness at the edges of the BM film layer can disrupt the uniform alignment of liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, thicker BM film edges can affect the alignment of the liquid crystal, resulting in less than expected emitted light at the edges and causing crosstalk.

[0064] To address the aforementioned issues, embodiments of this application propose improvements to the structure or position of the BM layer. These improvements primarily fall into two categories: The first involves setting the light-shielding layer as a first light-shielding layer 401, maintaining its position unchanged (i.e., the first light-shielding layer 401 is located between the substrate 1 and the alignment layer 2). By altering the material, structure, or other relevant hierarchical structure of the first light-shielding layer 401, the surface of the alignment layer 2 facing away from the substrate 1 becomes planar. (Refer to...) Figure 3 , Figure 3 A schematic diagram of an optical substrate is shown, such as Figure 3 As shown, a planarization layer 403 is added between the first light-shielding layer 401 and the alignment layer 2, making the surface of the alignment layer flatter and avoiding affecting the alignment of surrounding liquid crystal molecules, thereby reducing the impact of crosstalk. The second method is to set the light-shielding layer as a second light-shielding layer 402, thereby changing the position of the light-shielding layer. (Refer to...) Figure 4 , Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a second light-shielding layer is shown, as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the second light-shielding layer 402 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer 3 facing away from the substrate 1 (the light-shielding BM is fabricated on the first liquid crystal layer, i.e., the BM is fabricated after the liquid crystal is fabricated), or, refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another type of second light-shielding layer is shown, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the second light-shielding layer 402 is located on the side of the substrate 1 away from the alignment layer 2 (the light-shielding BM is fabricated outside the GPR Glass), separating the BM from the alignment layer. This prevents the BM protrusion from affecting the liquid crystal alignment (avoiding a thicker BM causing the alignment layer surface to be uneven, thus avoiding affecting the alignment of liquid crystal molecules around the alignment layer), and also blocks light leakage caused by in-plane tracking BM protrusions, thereby reducing crosstalk. Based on the above different improvement ideas, the optical substrate proposed in this application will be described in detail below through sections 1.1-1.3.

[0065] 1.1 Case where the light-shielding layer includes a second light-shielding layer.

[0066] This embodiment proposes that, when the BM (light-shielding layer) includes a second light-shielding layer, the BM can be divided into two layers: one is a light-shielding BM for blocking light (i.e., the second light-shielding layer), and the other is a tracking BM for UV2A tracking and positioning (i.e., the positioning layer). After the tracking BM is fabricated, the light-shielding BM is not limited to being fabricated under the liquid crystal layer. By changing the position of the light-shielding BM, the thickness of the BM between the alignment layer and the substrate is reduced, thereby making the alignment layer planarized and achieving the purpose of reducing crosstalk.

[0067] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and further includes:

[0068] A positioning layer, located between the substrate and the alignment layer, includes a plurality of positioning patterns, which are arranged at least at intervals along a column direction. The positioning patterns are used to position the optical substrate during the process of attaching the optical substrate to the display side of the display panel.

[0069] like Figure 4 or Figure 5As shown, the optical substrate also includes a positioning layer 403, which serves as a tracking BM, performing a positioning and tracking function. The positioning layer includes multiple positioning patterns, for example, such as... Figure 2 As shown in (b), each positioning pattern can be a long strip pattern, arranged in multiple rows along the column direction, with each row being a complete long strip positioning pattern. Alternatively, the positioning pattern can be a line segment pattern, arranged in multiple rows along the column direction, with each row consisting of multiple line segments. In each row, multiple line segments (positioning patterns) extend along the same row direction, with a certain spacing between each pair of line segments.

[0070] Since the second light-shielding layer (i.e., the light-shielding BM) needs to block light from non-pixel areas, its thickness needs to be sufficiently large, and it needs to cover the non-pixel areas. The positioning layer, on the other hand, only needs to serve a positioning function, and its thickness can be smaller than that of the second light-shielding layer. Therefore, when the positioning layer 403 is placed between the substrate 1 and the alignment layer 2, the thickness of the positioning layer can be prevented from affecting the flatness of the alignment layer.

[0071] In one possible implementation, the orthographic projection of the second light-shielding layer onto the substrate at least partially covers the orthographic projection of the positioning pattern onto the substrate. The positioning layer does not need to completely cover all locations in the non-pixel areas.

[0072] Regarding this positioning layer, this embodiment also proposes improvements to its preparation materials and shape. The positioning layer proposed in this application will be described in detail below through sections 1.1.1-1.1.3.

[0073] 1.1.1 Change the material used to prepare the positioning layer to an opaque conductive material.

[0074] In one possible implementation, the positioning pattern is located in the effective light-transmitting area, and the material of the positioning layer includes an opaque conductive material.

[0075] In related technologies, resin-based materials are often used to fabricate the matrix metallizer (BM) layer to simultaneously achieve light-shielding and positioning functions. This embodiment splits the BM layer into a positioning layer and a second light-shielding layer. The position of the second light-shielding layer is changed without affecting the flatness of the alignment layer. The orthogonal projection of the second light-shielding layer onto the driving substrate covers the non-pixel area within the effective light-transmitting region. The positioning layer only serves a tracking and positioning function and remains located between the alignment layer and the substrate. The orthogonal projection of the positioning layer onto the driving substrate can partially cover the non-pixel area of ​​the effective light-transmitting region. This allows the use of other materials to fabricate the positioning layer, solving the problem of the large thickness of BM layers fabricated with resin-based materials. In this embodiment, the positioning layer can be fabricated using an opaque material. Furthermore, it can be fabricated using an opaque conductive material, such as an opaque metal-resin composite material or an opaque metal, such as chromium, chromium oxide, or molybdenum-chromium alloy.

[0076] In this case, the orthographic projection of the positioning layer 403 onto the substrate 1 can be as follows: Figure 2 As shown in (b), the shape is the same as the orthographic projection of the second light-shielding layer on the substrate 1. In the effective light-transmitting area, it is arranged in rows between the pixel rows and covers the non-pixel area.

[0077] By using opaque conductive materials to prepare the positioning layer, the thickness of the positioning layer can be further reduced, making it thinner than the alignment layer. Figure 4 or Figure 5 As shown, this achieves the goal of making the surface of the alignment layer away from the substrate planar, eliminating the influence of the BM protrusion on the alignment direction of the surrounding liquid crystal molecules, and thus eliminating crosstalk.

[0078] 1.1.2 Change the shape of the positioning layer.

[0079] The shape of the positioning layer can differ from that of the second light-shielding layer; it does not need to be a row-arranged strip pattern that completely covers the non-pixel areas. The positioning layer includes multiple positioning patterns, and this embodiment proposes that the positioning patterns be arranged in rows and columns. To ensure that UV2A can track, positioning patterns need to be placed at least at both ends of each row.

[0080] In one possible implementation, multiple positioning patterns located in the effective light-transmitting area are arranged at intervals along a row direction, which intersects with the column direction. Here, the row direction refers to the extension direction of the non-pixel areas arranged in rows, and the positioning patterns are located within these non-pixel areas.

[0081] In one possible implementation, in the row direction, the width of the positioning pattern is greater than or equal to the gap width between two adjacent positioning patterns. Specifically, the width of the positioning pattern refers to the distance between the two farthest endpoints of the positioning pattern along the row direction. The smaller the gap width between two adjacent positioning patterns, the denser the positioning patterns are, and the better the positioning effect.

[0082] In one possible implementation, the plurality of positioning patterns are arranged at equal intervals along the column direction and at equal intervals along the row direction, wherein the row direction intersects the column direction.

[0083] In one possible implementation, the positioning pattern includes: a strip pattern and / or a dot pattern.

[0084] Specifically, refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a line segment-shaped positioning pattern is shown. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of the positioning pattern onto the substrate, as shown below. Figure 6As shown, the positioning pattern can be a strip pattern, which refers to a long strip-shaped pattern with a certain width, or a line segment pattern. That is, the orthogonal projection of the positioning pattern onto the substrate is a strip pattern, and multiple strip patterns are arranged at equal intervals along the same row direction in the non-pixel area of ​​each row. The width of the positioning pattern (i.e., the length of the line segment) is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm, and there is at least one 0.3 mm strip pattern every 3 mm along the row direction. The gap width between two adjacent positioning patterns in each row is defined according to the pixel width, with no explicit width limit. Pixel widths between 50 μm and 2 mm can be achieved. By replacing the original in-plane linear BM with a line segment-shaped positioning pattern, the influence of BM protrusions on liquid crystal alignment is reduced.

[0085] Or, refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a dot-shaped positioning pattern is shown. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of the positioning pattern onto the substrate, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, the positioning pattern can be a dot pattern, with multiple dot patterns arranged at equal intervals along the same row direction in the non-pixel area of ​​each row. The width of the dot pattern can be such that the sum of the lengths of the dot patterns within a 3mm range is at least greater than 0.3mm. The gap width between two adjacent positioning patterns in each row is defined according to the pixel width, with no explicit width limit. Pixel widths between 50μm and 2mm can be achieved. By replacing the original in-plane linear shape of the BM with dots, a smaller in-plane tracking BM can be achieved.

[0086] In one possible implementation, the plurality of positioning patterns includes at least one where the spacing between two adjacent pairs of positioning patterns is different.

[0087] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an irregularly arranged positioning pattern is shown. Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of the positioning pattern onto the substrate, as shown below. Figure 8 As shown, the positioning pattern can be a line segment shape (or other shapes), and the positioning patterns in each row are randomly distributed (the spacing between two adjacent pairs of positioning patterns is different), which can reduce the interference between the BM in the optical substrate and the BM in the 2D display panel.

[0088] 1.1.3 Change the position of the positioning layer.

[0089] In one possible implementation, the positioning pattern is at least partially located in the peripheral area, and the plurality of positioning patterns are located on opposite sides of the effective light-transmitting area along the row direction, which intersects the column direction.

[0090] Specifically, refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing a positioning layer located in the peripheral area is shown, such as... Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of the positioning pattern onto the substrate, as shown below. Figure 9 As shown, the positioning layer is placed in the peripheral area (i.e., the non-AA area) to reduce contact with the alignment layer and avoid affecting the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules. To ensure the tracking and positioning effect, positioning patterns (such as...) need to be set on opposite sides along the line direction in the effective light-transmitting area. Figure 9 (As shown).

[0091] 1.2 Change the material of the first light-shielding layer.

[0092] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, the first light-shielding layer being made of a ferrous metal material.

[0093] Specifically, in related technologies, resin-based materials are often used to fabricate the matrix barrier (BM) layer to simultaneously achieve the functions of light shielding and positioning. However, the light shielding layer obtained by resin-based materials is often quite thick. This embodiment proposes replacing the resin-based material with a ferrous metal material, which can reduce the thickness of the prepared light shielding layer (i.e., the first light shielding layer). The ferrous metal material can be any one of the following: chromium, chromium oxide, nickel, titanium, and tungsten. Currently, the thickness of resin-based BMs is 0.8 μm (8000 Å), and using a ferrous metal to fabricate the first light shielding layer can reduce its thickness to approximately 0.05 μm (500 Å). Under these conditions, an alignment layer with a thickness of 0.095 μm (950 Å) can be planarly coated to ensure that the surface of the alignment layer facing away from the substrate is flat.

[0094] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and the thickness of the alignment layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first light-shielding layer.

[0095] Specifically, while reducing the thickness of the first light-shielding layer, the thickness of the alignment layer is controlled so that the thickness of the alignment layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first light-shielding layer. This ensures that the surface of the alignment layer facing away from the substrate is planar, thus avoiding affecting the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer and reducing crosstalk.

[0096] 1.3 Add a flattening layer.

[0097] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and further includes:

[0098] A planarization layer is located between the first liquid crystal layer and the first light-shielding layer, and the side of the planarization layer closest to the first liquid crystal layer is a flat surface.

[0099] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, a planarization layer (Over Coat, OC) is added between the alignment layer and the first light-shielding layer. The material of the planarization layer can be a transparent photoresist conventionally used to plan out height differences between layers. The thickness of the planarization layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first light-shielding layer, thereby ensuring that the surface of the planarization layer near the first liquid crystal layer is flat, thus reducing the influence of BM protrusions on liquid crystal alignment.

[0100] In summary, a matrix metallization (BM) film layer is added when fabricating optical substrates using UV2A technology. This serves two purposes: firstly, BM is used for positioning and tracking; secondly, BM provides light shielding to increase the vertical viewing angle of the 3D display. However, the BM itself has a certain thickness, which can lead to uneven alignment of nearby liquid crystals, increasing crosstalk in the 3D display. Therefore, this application proposes several solutions to improve the BM and eliminate crosstalk. Specifically, this application improves the light-shielding layer (BM) in the optical substrate. One improvement is achieved by setting a first light-shielding layer, i.e., by changing the form of the BM (e.g., using an open-center planarization (OC) layer to flatten an uneven BM layer; or by changing the material of the BM to make it thinner), making the surface of the alignment layer facing away from the substrate flatter, thus avoiding affecting the alignment of surrounding liquid crystal molecules and reducing the impact of crosstalk. On the other hand, by setting a second light-shielding layer, i.e. changing the position of the BM, so that the second light-shielding layer is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer away from the substrate or on the side of the substrate away from the alignment layer, the BM is separated from the alignment layer, thereby avoiding the thicker BM causing the alignment layer surface to be uneven, and thus avoiding affecting the alignment of liquid crystal molecules around the alignment layer, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing crosstalk.

[0101] A second aspect of the embodiments of this application also provides a display device, referring to... Figure 10 , Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a display device is shown, such as... Figure 10 As shown, it includes:

[0102] Display panel 200, the display panel including a plurality of pixels arranged in an array along the row and column directions; and

[0103] As described in the first aspect of the embodiments of this application, the optical substrate 100 is located on the light-emitting side of the display panel 200, the first liquid crystal layer 3 of the optical substrate is disposed close to the display panel 200, the effective light-transmitting area of ​​the optical substrate at least partially covers the display area of ​​the display panel, the orthographic projection of the light-shielding strip of the optical substrate on the display panel is located between two adjacent rows of pixels, and the optical substrate is used to convert the linearly polarized light emitted from the display panel into circularly polarized light.

[0104] In this embodiment, an optical substrate is combined with a 2D display panel to achieve a 3D display effect. For example... Figure 10 As shown, an optical substrate 100 is disposed on the light-emitting side of a display panel 200, and the two are bonded together by an optically transparent adhesive 300. A first liquid crystal layer 3, an alignment layer 2, and a substrate 1 are sequentially stacked in the optical substrate along the light-emitting direction. When the optical substrate includes a first light-shielding layer 401, the first light-shielding layer 401 is located between the alignment layer 2 and the substrate 1 (e.g., ...). Figure 10 (As shown). When the optical substrate includes a second light-shielding layer 402, it also includes a positioning layer, which is located between the alignment layer and the substrate (as shown). Figure 4 or Figure 5 As shown), the second light-shielding layer is located between the first liquid crystal layer and the optically transparent adhesive, or on the side of the substrate away from the display panel.

[0105] In one possible implementation, the display panel is provided with, in sequence along the light emission direction, a second liquid crystal layer, an upper polarizer, and a color filter.

[0106] The formula for calculating the crosstalk value of a display device is: , where L B L represents the background light intensity (i.e., the intensity of the image light received by one eye from the other eye). BB L represents the black state brightness (i.e., the brightness when the monitor is completely off). W This refers to white-state luminance (i.e., the luminance of the display when showing a completely white image). Less than expected emitted light will result in L... B Increased crosstalk ultimately leads to a higher crosstalk value in the display device. This embodiment proposes to reduce or even avoid the influence of the liquid crystal matrix (BM) on liquid crystal alignment by changing the structural design of the GPR, thereby reducing the crosstalk value.

[0107] Specifically, for display devices, as the vertical viewing angle increases, the light rotation of one line will gradually pass through the light-shielding layer BM and enter another line, causing the crosstalk value to increase sharply after a certain angle. Therefore, a small crosstalk value is often limited to a specific viewing angle. This viewing angle is related to the distance between the 2D display panel and the liquid crystal layer of the optical substrate; the smaller this distance, the larger the viewing angle. The crosstalk calculation distance is usually calculated as: the thickness of the display panel's transparent cover glass (CFglass) - the upper polarizer (upper POL) - the optically transparent adhesive (OCA) between them - the thickness of the first liquid crystal layer (PLC) of the optical substrate. The greater the thickness, the smaller the viewing angle.

[0108] Figure 10The display panel 200 in this embodiment has a conventional display panel structure, consisting of, sequentially stacked along the light emission direction, a driving substrate 201, a second liquid crystal layer 202, a color filter 203, a transparent cover plate 204, and an upper polarizer 205. To increase the viewing angle and further reduce crosstalk, this application proposes an improvement to the structure between the display panel and the optical substrate to shorten the aforementioned distance, allowing for a smaller crosstalk value within a wider viewing angle and enhancing the viewing experience. Specifically, refer to... Figure 11 , Figure 11 A schematic diagram of an improved display device is shown, such as... Figure 11 As shown, along the light emission direction, the display panel sequentially stacks: a driving substrate 201, a second liquid crystal layer 202, an upper polarizer 205, a color filter 203, and a transparent cover plate 204. Therefore, this embodiment achieves thinning by changing the position of the upper polarizer, placing it between the CF and LC layers. Utilizing the flat surface of the color resist film (OC), the crosstalk calculation distance is significantly reduced to the thickness of the OC-PLC layer, typically only a few micrometers. The GPR BM can remain unchanged and still be fabricated inside the glass. Figure 10 and Figure 11 The structure of the optical substrate 100 is only one example. It should be understood that the structure of the display panel 200 can be combined with the structure of the optical substrate 100 in the various embodiments proposed in the first aspect, which will not be described in detail here.

[0109] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and the optical substrate further includes a positioning layer. The positioning layer includes a plurality of positioning patterns arranged at intervals along the row direction. The spacing between two adjacent positioning patterns arranged along the row direction is less than or equal to the row pixel spacing. The row pixel spacing is the distance between two pixels arranged along the row direction of the display panel.

[0110] Specifically, such as Figure 6 As shown, the positioning pattern can be a strip pattern (line segment shape), that is, the orthographic projection of the positioning pattern on the substrate is a line segment shape pattern. Multiple line segment shape patterns are arranged at intervals along the same row direction in the non-pixel area of ​​each row, and the spacing between two adjacent positioning patterns is equal to the row pixel spacing. By replacing the original in-plane straight line BM with a line segment shape positioning pattern, the influence of BM protrusion on liquid crystal alignment is reduced.

[0111] Or, such as Figure 7 As shown, the positioning pattern can be a dot pattern, with multiple dot patterns arranged at equal intervals along the same row direction in the non-pixel region of each row. The spacing between two adjacent positioning patterns is less than the row pixel spacing. By replacing the original in-plane linear shape of the BM with dots, a smaller in-plane tracking BM can be achieved.

[0112] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and the optical substrate further includes a positioning layer. The positioning layer includes a plurality of positioning patterns arranged at intervals along the column direction. The spacing between two adjacent positioning patterns arranged along the column direction is equal to the column pixel spacing. The column pixel spacing is the distance between two pixels arranged along the column direction of the display panel.

[0113] Specifically, the positioning layer includes multiple positioning patterns, for example, such as Figure 2 As shown in (b), each positioning pattern can be a long strip pattern, arranged in multiple rows along the column direction, with each row consisting of a complete long strip positioning pattern. Alternatively, the positioning pattern can be a line segment pattern, arranged in multiple rows along the column direction, with each row composed of multiple line segments (positioning patterns) extending along the same row direction and spaced apart from each other. The spacing between two adjacent positioning patterns arranged along the column direction is equal to the column pixel spacing, meaning that the spacing between any two adjacent rows is the same, which is the column pixel spacing, and that is, a positioning pattern is set between any two adjacent rows of pixels.

[0114] In one possible implementation, the optical substrate includes an effective light-transmitting area and a peripheral area, and the optical substrate includes:

[0115] Substrate;

[0116] An alignment layer is disposed on one side of the substrate;

[0117] A first liquid crystal layer is disposed on the side of the alignment layer opposite to the substrate; and

[0118] A light-shielding layer, comprising multiple light-shielding strips, wherein the liquid crystal molecules on both sides of the light-shielding strips have different azimuth angles; and

[0119] The light-shielding layer includes a first light-shielding layer or a second light-shielding layer. The first light-shielding layer is located between the substrate and the alignment layer. The second light-shielding layer is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer away from the substrate or on the side of the substrate away from the alignment layer. In the case where the optical substrate includes the first light-shielding layer, the surface of the alignment layer away from the substrate is planar.

[0120] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and further includes:

[0121] A positioning layer, located between the substrate and the alignment layer, includes a plurality of positioning patterns, which are arranged at least at intervals along a column direction. The positioning patterns are used to position the optical substrate during the process of attaching the optical substrate to the display side of the display panel.

[0122] In one possible implementation, the positioning pattern is located in the effective light-transmitting area, and the material of the positioning layer includes an opaque conductive material.

[0123] In one possible implementation, multiple positioning patterns located in the effective light-transmitting area are arranged at intervals along the row direction, which intersects with the column direction.

[0124] In one possible implementation, in the row direction, the width of the positioning pattern is greater than or equal to the gap width between two adjacent positioning patterns.

[0125] In one possible implementation, the plurality of positioning patterns are arranged at equal intervals along the column direction and at equal intervals along the row direction, wherein the row direction intersects the column direction.

[0126] In one possible implementation, the plurality of positioning patterns includes at least one where the spacing between two adjacent pairs of positioning patterns is different.

[0127] In one possible implementation, the positioning pattern is at least partially located in the peripheral area, and the plurality of positioning patterns are located on opposite sides of the effective light-transmitting area along the row direction, which intersects the column direction.

[0128] In one possible implementation, the positioning pattern includes: a strip pattern and / or a dot pattern.

[0129] In one possible implementation, the orthogonal projection of the second light-shielding layer onto the substrate at least partially covers the orthogonal projection of the positioning pattern onto the substrate.

[0130] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, the first light-shielding layer being made of a ferrous metal material.

[0131] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and the thickness of the alignment layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first light-shielding layer.

[0132] In one possible implementation, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and further includes:

[0133] A planarization layer is located between the first liquid crystal layer and the first light-shielding layer, and the side of the planarization layer closest to the first liquid crystal layer is a flat surface.

[0134] In current GPR 3D displays, crosstalk occurs because the circular polarizers rotating to the left and right are not perfectly circular. This application provides various structural designs to reduce 3D display crosstalk. On one hand, crosstalk is reduced by changing the form (corresponding to the first light-shielding layer) and position (corresponding to the second light-shielding layer) of the BM (bulb shielding layer). On the other hand, the viewing angle is increased by thinning the distance between the 2D display panel and the optical substrate, allowing smaller crosstalk values ​​to exist within a wider viewing angle, thus improving the viewing experience.

[0135] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0136] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0137] The optical substrate and display device provided in this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0138] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0139] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

[0140] The terms "an embodiment," "embodiment," or "one or more embodiments" as used herein mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Furthermore, please note that the examples of the phrase "in one embodiment" do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment.

[0141] Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it will be understood that embodiments of this application may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0142] In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses should not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. This application can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc., does not indicate any order. These words can be interpreted as names.

[0143] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An optical substrate, characterized by, The optical substrate includes an effective light-transmitting area and a peripheral area. The optical substrate includes: Substrate; An alignment layer is disposed on one side of the substrate; A first liquid crystal layer is disposed on the side of the alignment layer opposite to the substrate; and A light-shielding layer, comprising multiple light-shielding strips, wherein the liquid crystal molecules on both sides of the light-shielding strips have different azimuth angles; and The light-shielding layer includes a first light-shielding layer or a second light-shielding layer. The first light-shielding layer is located between the substrate and the alignment layer. The second light-shielding layer is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer away from the substrate or on the side of the substrate away from the alignment layer. In the case where the optical substrate includes the first light-shielding layer, the surface of the alignment layer away from the substrate is planar.

2. The optical substrate of claim 1, wherein, The light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and further includes: A positioning layer, located between the substrate and the alignment layer, includes a plurality of positioning patterns, which are arranged at least at intervals along a column direction. The positioning patterns are used to position the optical substrate during the process of attaching the optical substrate to the display side of the display panel.

3. The optical substrate of claim 2, wherein, The positioning pattern is located in the effective light-transmitting area, and the material of the positioning layer includes an opaque conductive material.

4. The optical substrate of claim 2, wherein, Multiple positioning patterns located in the effective light-transmitting area are arranged at intervals along the row direction, and the row direction intersects the column direction.

5. The optical substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the row direction, the width of the positioning pattern is greater than or equal to the gap width between two adjacent positioning patterns.

6. The optical substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that, The plurality of positioning patterns are arranged at equal intervals along the column direction and at equal intervals along the row direction, wherein the row direction intersects the column direction.

7. The optical substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that, The plurality of positioning patterns includes at least one type where the spacing between two adjacent pairs of positioning patterns is different.

8. The optical substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positioning pattern is at least partially located in the peripheral area, and the plurality of positioning patterns are located on opposite sides of the effective light-transmitting area along the row direction, wherein the row direction intersects the column direction.

9. The optical substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that, The positioning pattern includes: a strip pattern and / or a dot pattern.

10. The optical substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that, The orthogonal projection of the second light-shielding layer on the substrate at least partially covers the orthogonal projection of the positioning pattern on the substrate.

11. The optical substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, which is made of a ferrous metal material.

12. The optical substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and the thickness of the alignment layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first light-shielding layer.

13. The optical substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and further includes: A planarization layer is located between the first liquid crystal layer and the first light-shielding layer, and the side of the planarization layer closest to the first liquid crystal layer is a flat surface.

14. A display device, comprising: The display panel includes a plurality of pixels arranged in an array along the row and column directions; as well as The optical substrate as described in any one of claims 1-13, wherein the optical substrate is located on the light-emitting side of the display panel, the first liquid crystal layer of the optical substrate is disposed close to the display panel, the effective light-transmitting area of ​​the optical substrate at least partially covers the display area of ​​the display panel, the orthographic projection of the light-shielding strip of the optical substrate on the display panel is located between two adjacent rows of pixels, and the optical substrate is used to convert linearly polarized light emitted from the display panel into circularly polarized light.

15. The display device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The display panel consists of, in sequence along the light emission direction, a second liquid crystal layer, an upper polarizer, and a color filter.

16. The display device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and the optical substrate further includes a positioning layer. The positioning layer includes a plurality of positioning patterns arranged at intervals along the row direction. The spacing between two adjacent positioning patterns arranged along the row direction is less than or equal to the row pixel spacing. The row pixel spacing is the distance between two pixels arranged along the row direction of the display panel.

17. The display device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and the optical substrate further includes a positioning layer. The positioning layer includes a plurality of positioning patterns arranged at intervals along the column direction. The spacing between two adjacent positioning patterns arranged along the column direction is equal to the column pixel spacing. The column pixel spacing is the distance between two pixels arranged along the column direction of the display panel.

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