Short circuit and reverse connection protection system of automobile emergency starting power supply

Abstract

The utility model discloses a short circuit and reverse connection protection system for an automobile emergency starting power supply, which comprises an automobile emergency starting power supply, a micro-control unit, an MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) tube, an optocoupler, a Hall sensor, a relay, a triode, a temperature sensor, a wireless communication unit and the like, and can distinguish short circuit and reverse connection conditions and take different protection measures. When the polarity of the battery is reversed, the optocoupler cuts off a signal, and the micro-control unit controls the MOS tube to be disconnected to prevent current from flowing backwards; when a short circuit occurs, the Hall sensor detects an abnormal current, and the micro-control unit controls the MOS tube to be disconnected, thereby preventing overcurrent damage. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the MOS tube in real time, and the relay disconnects the circuit when the limit is exceeded, thereby preventing overheating damage. The wireless communication unit supports Bluetooth or WiFi, and can remotely monitor the equipment state and control the power supply. The automobile emergency starting power supply has short circuit, reverse connection, overcurrent and over-temperature protection functions, the safety and intelligence of the automobile emergency starting power supply are improved, and the automobile emergency starting power supply is simple in structure, rapid in response and suitable for wide market requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electrical protection, specifically a short-circuit and reverse connection protection system for automotive emergency starting power supplies. Background Technology

[0002] Automotive emergency jump starters are widely used to provide temporary power when a car's starter battery is low. To ensure the safety and stability of the jump starter, it is essential to prevent damage to electrical equipment caused by wiring errors or circuit abnormalities (such as short circuits). Most existing automotive emergency jump starters only provide protection against either short circuits or reverse connections, failing to effectively distinguish and protect against both simultaneously. Furthermore, their protection measures have limitations in handling these situations, making it impossible to guarantee safety under abnormal conditions. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application provides a short-circuit and reverse connection protection system for automotive emergency jump starters, which can effectively distinguish between short-circuit and reverse connection situations and take different protection measures to ensure the safety and reliability of the automotive jump starter under abnormal conditions.

[0004] The present application provides an automotive emergency jump starter, a microcontroller, a positive terminal of a wire clamp, a negative terminal of a wire clamp, a first MOSFET, a second MOSFET, a diode, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, an optocoupler, and a Hall sensor.

[0005] The first MOSFET has a control terminal, an input terminal, and an output terminal. The input terminal of the first MOSFET is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the automotive emergency starter power supply, the output terminal of the first MOSFET is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the wire clamp, and the control terminal of the first MOSFET is electrically connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller unit.

[0006] The second MOSFET has a control terminal, an input terminal, and an output terminal. The input terminal of the second MOSFET is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the clamp, the output terminal of the second MOSFET is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the automotive emergency starter, and the control terminal of the second MOSFET is electrically connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller unit.

[0007] One end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first MOSFET, the other end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the diode, the positive terminal of the diode is electrically connected to the input terminal of the second MOSFET, the positive input terminal of the optocoupler is electrically connected to the other end of the first resistor, the negative input terminal of the optocoupler is electrically connected to the input terminal of the second MOSFET, the positive output terminal of the optocoupler is electrically connected to one end of the second resistor and one end of the third resistor, the other end of the second resistor is connected to the power supply terminal, the other end of the third resistor is connected to the input terminal of the microcontroller unit, and the negative output terminal of the optocoupler is grounded.

[0008] The Hall sensor is located on the line between the input terminal of the second MOSFET and the negative terminal of the clamp, and the output terminal of the Hall sensor is electrically connected to the input terminal of the microcontroller unit.

[0009] Preferably, the short-circuit and reverse connection protection system further includes a relay and a transistor. The relay includes a coil and a normally closed contact. The control terminal of the transistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller unit. The input terminal of the transistor is connected to the power supply terminal. The output terminal of the transistor is electrically connected to one end of the coil. The other end of the coil is grounded. The normally closed contact is connected in series in the line between the input terminal of the second MOSFET and the negative terminal of the clamp.

[0010] Preferably, the short circuit and reverse connection protection system further includes a temperature sensor, which is used to detect the temperature of the first MOSFET and the second MOSFET. The signal output terminal of the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit. When the temperature of the first MOSFET and the second MOSFET exceeds a set threshold, the microcontroller unit controls the normally closed contact of the relay to open, and closes it again after the temperature of the first MOSFET or the second MOSFET returns to the threshold range.

[0011] Preferably, the short-circuit and reverse connection protection system further includes a wireless communication unit, which is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit.

[0012] Preferably, the wireless communication unit is a Bluetooth unit or a WIFI unit.

[0013] One or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0014] When the car emergency jump starter is connected to the load normally, the circuit operates stably according to the set parameters. If the battery polarity is reversed, the optocoupler is disconnected, and the microcontroller triggers the protection mechanism to control the first MOSFET to disconnect to prevent current backflow. The Hall sensor can monitor the load current in real time. If a load short circuit occurs, the microcontroller controls the second MOSFET to disconnect to prevent overload damage.

[0015] Furthermore, the temperature sensor can detect the temperature of the first MOSFET and the second MOSFET in real time. When the temperature of the first MOSFET or the second MOSFET exceeds the set threshold, the microcontroller controls the transistor to conduct, so that the relay coil is energized, thereby opening the normally closed contact of the relay and preventing the first MOSFET or the second MOSFET from overheating and being damaged. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the short circuit and reverse connection protection system of the automotive emergency jump starter of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, the short circuit and reverse connection protection system of the car emergency jump starter in this embodiment includes a car emergency jump starter, a microcontroller unit, a positive terminal of a clamp, a negative terminal of a clamp, a first MOSFET Q1, a second MOSFET Q2, a diode D1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, an optocoupler U1, a Hall sensor H1, a relay K1, a transistor Q3, a temperature sensor, and a wireless communication unit.

[0019] The first MOSFET Q1 has a control terminal, an input terminal, and an output terminal. The input terminal of the first MOSFET Q1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the automotive emergency jump starter, the output terminal of the first MOSFET Q1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the clamp, and the control terminal of the first MOSFET is electrically connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller unit. In this way, the microcontroller unit can control the conduction and turn-off of the first MOSFET Q1.

[0020] The second MOSFET Q2 has a control terminal, an input terminal, and an output terminal. The input terminal of the second MOSFET Q2 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the clamp, the output terminal of the second MOSFET Q2 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the car emergency jump starter, and the control terminal of the second MOSFET Q2 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller unit. In this way, the microcontroller unit can control the conduction and turn-off of the second MOSFET Q2.

[0021] One end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first MOSFET Q1, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the diode D1. The positive terminal of the diode D1 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the second MOSFET Q2. The first resistor R1 is used for voltage reduction and current limiting, and the diode D1 is used for current reversal.

[0022] The positive input terminal of optocoupler U1 is electrically connected to the other end of the first resistor R1, and the negative input terminal of optocoupler U1 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the second MOSFET Q2. The positive output terminal of optocoupler U1 is electrically connected to one end of the second resistor R2 and one end of the third resistor R3, respectively. The other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the power supply terminal, and the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the input terminal of the microcontroller unit. The negative output terminal of optocoupler U1 is grounded. In this way, when the positive and negative terminals of the clamp are correctly connected to the car battery, optocoupler U1 conducts, and the microcontroller unit can receive the current signal. When the positive and negative terminals of the clamp are reversed and connected to the car battery, optocoupler U1 does not conduct, and the microcontroller unit cannot receive the current signal. This allows the microcontroller unit to determine whether the positive and negative terminals of the clamp are reversed with the car battery.

[0023] Hall sensor H1 is installed on the line between the input terminal of the second MOSFET Q2 and the negative terminal of the clamp. The output terminal of Hall sensor H1 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the microcontroller unit. Hall sensor H1 can monitor the load current in real time and send a signal to the microcontroller unit. When a short circuit occurs and the load current is too large, the microcontroller unit can control the second MOSFET Q2 to turn off.

[0024] Relay K1 includes a coil and a normally closed contact. The control terminal of transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller unit, the input terminal of transistor Q3 is connected to the power supply terminal, and the output terminal of transistor Q3 is electrically connected to one end of the coil. The other end of the coil is grounded. The normally closed contact is connected in series in the line between the input terminal of the second MOSFET Q2 and the negative terminal of the clamp. In this way, when a short circuit or reverse connection occurs, the microcontroller unit can control transistor Q3 to conduct, so that the coil of relay K1 is energized, thereby causing the normally closed contact of relay K1 to open, so as to ensure that the vehicle's emergency starting power supply can be cut off in time when a short circuit or reverse connection occurs.

[0025] The temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the first MOSFET Q1 and the second MOSFET Q2. That is, the first MOSFET Q1 and the second MOSFET Q2 are mounted together, and the temperature sensor is close to the first MOSFET Q1 and the second MOSFET Q2, allowing the temperature sensor to simultaneously detect the temperature of the first MOSFET Q1 and the second MOSFET Q2. The signal output terminal of the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit. When the temperature of the first MOSFET Q1 and the second MOSFET Q2 exceeds a set threshold, the microcontroller unit controls the normally closed contact of the relay K1 to open, and closes again after the temperature of the first MOSFET Q1 or the second MOSFET Q2 returns to the threshold range. Thus, when the temperature of the first MOSFET Q1 or the second MOSFET Q2 is too high, the microcontroller unit can control the transistor Q3 to conduct, energizing the coil of the relay K1, thereby opening the normally closed contact of the relay K1 and preventing damage to the electrical components due to overheating.

[0026] The wireless communication unit is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit. The wireless communication unit is either a Bluetooth unit or a WIFI unit. In this way, users can remotely monitor the device status or remotely disconnect the power supply in case of abnormality through the Bluetooth unit or WIFI unit, which improves user experience and security.

[0027] This specification and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative examples of this application and are intended to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of this application. Clearly, those skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications to this application without departing from its scope. Therefore, if such modifications and modifications fall within the scope of this application and its equivalents, this application intends to include such modifications and modifications.

Claims

1. A short-circuit and reverse connection protection system for an automotive emergency jump starter, characterized in that, It includes an automotive emergency jump starter, a microcontroller unit, a positive terminal of a wire clamp, a negative terminal of a wire clamp, a first MOSFET, a second MOSFET, a diode, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, an optocoupler, and a Hall sensor; The first MOSFET has a control terminal, an input terminal, and an output terminal. The input terminal of the first MOSFET is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the automotive emergency starter power supply, the output terminal of the first MOSFET is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the wire clamp, and the control terminal of the first MOSFET is electrically connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller unit. The second MOSFET has a control terminal, an input terminal, and an output terminal. The input terminal of the second MOSFET is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the clamp, the output terminal of the second MOSFET is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the automotive emergency starter, and the control terminal of the second MOSFET is electrically connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller unit. One end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first MOSFET, the other end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the diode, the positive terminal of the diode is electrically connected to the input terminal of the second MOSFET, the positive input terminal of the optocoupler is electrically connected to the other end of the first resistor, the negative input terminal of the optocoupler is electrically connected to the input terminal of the second MOSFET, the positive output terminal of the optocoupler is electrically connected to one end of the second resistor and one end of the third resistor, the other end of the second resistor is connected to the power supply terminal, the other end of the third resistor is connected to the input terminal of the microcontroller unit, and the negative output terminal of the optocoupler is grounded. The Hall sensor is located on the line between the input terminal of the second MOSFET and the negative terminal of the clamp, and the output terminal of the Hall sensor is electrically connected to the input terminal of the microcontroller unit.

2. The short-circuit and reverse connection protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes relays and transistors. The relays include a coil and normally closed contacts. The control terminal of the transistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the microcontroller unit. The input terminal of the transistor is connected to the power supply terminal. The output terminal of the transistor is electrically connected to one end of the coil. The other end of the coil is grounded. The normally closed contacts are connected in series in the line between the input terminal of the second MOSFET and the negative terminal of the clamp.

3. The short-circuit and reverse connection protection system according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a temperature sensor, which is used to detect the temperature of the first MOSFET and the second MOSFET. The signal output terminal of the temperature sensor is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit. When the temperature of the first MOSFET or the second MOSFET exceeds the set threshold, the microcontroller unit controls the normally closed contact of the relay to open, and closes it again after the temperature of the first MOSFET or the second MOSFET returns to the threshold range.

4. The short-circuit and reverse connection protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a wireless communication unit, which is electrically connected to the microcontroller unit.

5. The short-circuit and reverse connection protection system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The wireless communication unit is a Bluetooth unit or a WIFI unit.

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