Waste incineration pretreatment device

Abstract

The utility model is suitable for the technical field of waste incineration, and provides a waste incineration pretreatment device which comprises a pretreatment bin and a feeding shell. The upper portion, opposite to the pretreatment bin, of the feeding shell communicates with the upper portion through a material guide opening, and a conveying shaft is vertically installed in the feeding shell through a bearing. A spiral blade is arranged on the outer side of the conveying shaft, a plurality of liquid drainage through grooves are formed in the bottom side of the feeding shell in a penetrating mode, and a groove receiving disc communicating with the liquid drainage through grooves is arranged at the bottom of the feeding shell; according to the utility model, waste is preheated and dried under safe and stable conditions; the waste is torn into smaller fragments through the crushing rollers, so that the combustion efficiency during incineration is improved; due to the double-channel airflow drying design, evaporation of water is further accelerated, and it is guaranteed that the waste is evenly dried in the pretreatment bin; and meanwhile, liquid components in the waste are effectively collected and discharged through the liquid discharging through groove and the groove receiving disc, the negative influence of wet waste on the incineration process is avoided, and the uniformity and stability of the waste before incineration are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of waste incineration technology, and in particular relates to a waste incineration pretreatment device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid advancement of industrialization and the continuous improvement of urbanization, waste disposal has become a pressing problem that needs to be solved. In the process of traditional waste incineration, these factors have jointly constrained the improvement of incineration efficiency.

[0003] Traditional waste incineration often results in waste with high moisture content, requiring more energy to evaporate this moisture during the incineration process, thus reducing incineration efficiency. In addition, some waste is large in size, which not only increases the difficulty of incineration but may also lead to incomplete incineration and the generation of more pollutants.

[0004] More seriously, if waste is not effectively preheated before incineration, its incineration efficiency will be further reduced. Preheating can significantly reduce the moisture content of waste and improve its combustibility, thereby ensuring the stability and efficiency of the incineration process. Without preheating, waste will be difficult to achieve the ideal combustion state during incineration, resulting not only in low incineration efficiency but also the generation of large amounts of black smoke and harmful gases, which will cause serious harm to the environment and human health. Utility Model Content

[0005] This utility model provides a waste incineration pretreatment device, which aims to solve the problems of low efficiency, high water content and large size of waste in existing waste incineration methods, which restrict incineration efficiency; and the lack of effective preheating treatment, which leads to incomplete incineration.

[0006] This utility model is implemented as follows: a waste incineration pretreatment device, including a pretreatment chamber;

[0007] A feeding hopper located next to the pretreatment silo;

[0008] The upper part of the feeding shell is connected to the pretreatment chamber via a guide port, and the lower part of the shell is located away from the pretreatment chamber.

[0009] A conveyor shaft is vertically mounted inside the feeding shell via bearings;

[0010] The outer side of the conveyor shaft is equipped with helical blades, and the inclination angle of the helical blades is 45°-50°;

[0011] The first motor, located on the top side of the upper material shell, has its output end fixedly connected to the end of the conveyor shaft via a key;

[0012] Several drainage channels are provided through the bottom side of the feeding shell, with a cross-sectional dimension spacing of 40mm-50mm;

[0013] The bottom of the feeding shell is equipped with a groove receiving plate that is connected to the drain channel;

[0014] A drain pipe is connected to the bottom side of the tank receiving plate;

[0015] A set of heating elements is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the feeding shell. Each set of heating elements contains at least three parallel PTC ceramic heating elements, with K-type thermocouples embedded inside.

[0016] A temperature sensor is installed inside the feeding shell.

[0017] Preferably, a set of crushing rollers is mounted side by side in the upper part of the pretreatment chamber via bearings, and annular crushing blades are provided on the outer side of the two crushing rollers.

[0018] Preferably, a set of second motors is provided on the outside of the pretreatment chamber corresponding to the position of the crushing roller, and the output end of each second motor is fixedly connected to the shaft end of the corresponding crushing roller through a coupling.

[0019] Preferably, a drying fan is provided on the upper and lower inclined side walls of the pretreatment chamber, and a dual-channel airflow is formed between the two drying fans.

[0020] Preferably, a set of inclined guide plates with an inclination angle of 30°-40° are provided at the lower part of the crushing roller.

[0021] Preferably, a horizontally distributed stirring rod is mounted on the lower part of the pretreatment chamber via a bearing, and stirring blades are arranged circumferentially on the stirring rod.

[0022] Preferably, a third motor is provided on the outside of the pretreatment chamber, and the output end of the third motor is fixedly connected to the shaft of the stirring rod by a key.

[0023] Preferably, a discharge port is provided on the bottom side of the pretreatment silo.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of this application have the following main advantages:

[0025] Firstly, this device effectively pre-treats waste through preheating, pulverizing, and drying steps. This not only significantly improves the dryness of the waste and reduces its moisture content but also ensures complete combustion during subsequent incineration. The preheating process utilizes precise control of PTC ceramic heating elements and temperature sensors to achieve a safe and stable heating effect. The pulverizing step uses parallel rotating pulverizing rollers to tear the waste into smaller fragments, improving incineration efficiency. The dual-channel airflow drying design further accelerates moisture evaporation, ensuring uniform drying of the waste within the pre-treatment chamber. These measures work together to significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of incineration.

[0026] Secondly, this device reduces the emission of harmful substances during incineration and improves energy utilization efficiency through dry and wet separation of waste, precise heating control, and efficient stirring and mixing. The setting of the drain channel and the tank receiving plate effectively collects and discharges the liquid components in the waste, avoiding the negative impact of wet waste on the incineration process. The reasonable stirring and mixing process ensures the uniformity and stability of the waste before incineration, reducing pollutants generated by incomplete combustion. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a front sectional view of the structure of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a side sectional view of the pretreatment chamber of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a top view structural diagram of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a front structural diagram of the present invention;

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Pretreatment chamber; 2. Feeding shell; 3. Guide port; 4. Feeding port; 5. Conveying shaft; 6. Spiral blade; 7. First motor; 8. Drainage channel; 9. Tank receiving plate; 10. Drainage pipe; 11. Heating element; 12. Temperature sensor; 13. Crushing roller; 14. Crushing blade; 15. Second motor; 16. Drying fan; 17. Guide plate; 18. Stirring rod; 19. Stirring blade; 10. Third motor; 20. Discharge port. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein in the specification of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, or foregoing drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a particular order.

[0035] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0036] This utility model embodiment provides a waste incineration pretreatment device, such as... Figure 1-6 As shown, it includes pre-processing compartment 1;

[0037] The loading shell 2 is located next to the pretreatment chamber 1;

[0038] The upper part of the feeding shell 2 is connected to the pretreatment chamber 1 through the guide port 3, and the lower part of the feeding port 4 is provided on the side away from the pretreatment chamber 1.

[0039] The feeding shell 2 has a vertically mounted conveyor shaft 5 via bearings;

[0040] A spiral blade 6 is provided on the outer side of the conveyor shaft 5, and the inclination angle of the spiral blade 6 is 45°-50°;

[0041] The first motor 6, located on the top side of the upper material shell 2, has its output end fixedly connected to the end of the conveyor shaft 5 via a key;

[0042] Several drainage channels 7 are provided through the bottom side of the feeding shell 2, with a cross-sectional dimension spacing of 40mm-50mm;

[0043] The bottom of the feeding shell 2 is provided with a groove receiving plate 8 that is connected to the drain channel 7;

[0044] The bottom side of the trough receiving plate 8 is connected to a drain pipe 9;

[0045] A set of heating elements 10 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the feeding shell 2. Each set of heating elements 10 contains at least 3 parallel PTC ceramic heating elements, with K-type thermocouples embedded inside.

[0046] A temperature sensor 11 is installed inside the feeding shell 2.

[0047] It should be noted that existing waste incineration methods suffer from low efficiency, high moisture content, and large size of waste, which limit incineration efficiency. The lack of effective preheating treatment leads to incomplete combustion. This solution, including preheating, pulverization, dual-channel airflow drying, and dry-wet separation, significantly improves waste treatment efficiency and incineration effect. These steps not only greatly improve the dryness of the waste, ensuring its complete combustion in subsequent incineration and effectively reducing the emission of harmful substances, but also further optimize energy utilization efficiency through precise heating control and efficient mixing. The drainage channel 7 and the receiving tray 8 effectively avoid the negative impact of wet waste on the incineration process, while the reasonable mixing process enhances the uniformity and stability of the waste, reducing pollutants generated due to incomplete combustion. This not only significantly improves the efficiency and environmental performance of incineration treatment but also effectively promotes energy conservation and utilization.

[0048] Specifically, in this embodiment, the solution mainly includes a pretreatment chamber 1; waste is first put into the feeding port 4 at the lower part of the upper shell 2 away from the pretreatment chamber 1; the first motor 6 is started to drive the conveyor shaft 5 to start rotating; the outer side of the conveyor shaft 5 is provided with a spiral blade 6 with an inclination angle of 45°-50°. As the conveyor shaft 5 rotates, the spiral blade 6 lifts the waste from the feeding port 4 upward and pushes it gradually towards the pretreatment chamber 1 along the inner wall of the upper shell 2.

[0049] During the waste transport process, a set of heating elements 10 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the loading shell 2 starts to work; each set of heating elements 10 contains at least 3 parallel PTC ceramic heating elements, which can generate heat to preheat and dry the waste in the loading shell 2; at the same time, the K-type thermocouple embedded inside can monitor the temperature of the heating elements 10 in real time to ensure the safety and stability of the heating process.

[0050] In addition, a temperature sensor 11 (PT100) is installed inside the feeding shell 2 to monitor the temperature changes during the waste preheating process, so as to adjust the power of the heating element 10 or stop heating in time to prevent the device from being damaged by excessive temperature.

[0051] When the waste is transported to the upper part of the feeding shell 2 opposite to the pretreatment chamber 1, it falls into the pretreatment chamber 1 through the feed inlet 3 for subsequent incineration pretreatment operations.

[0052] During the waste transport and preheating process, several drainage channels 7 are installed through the bottom side of the loading shell 2 to allow the liquid components in the waste to seep out. These liquid components flow into the receiving plate 8 connected to the bottom of the loading shell 2 through the drainage channels 7, and are finally discharged through the drainage pipe 9 connected to the bottom side of the receiving plate 8, realizing the dry and wet separation of waste and improving the efficiency and effect of subsequent incineration treatment.

[0053] In a further preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 3-4 As shown, a set of crushing rollers 12 are mounted side by side in the upper part of the pretreatment chamber 1 via bearings, and annular crushing blades 13 are provided on the outer side of the two crushing rollers 12.

[0054] In this embodiment, after the waste falls into the pretreatment chamber 1 from the feed inlet 3, it first comes into contact with the rotating crushing roller 12. As the crushing roller 12 rotates, the waste is torn into smaller fragments by the crushing blade 13. The waste is fully crushed in the pretreatment chamber 1, which helps to ensure complete combustion in the subsequent incineration process and reduce the harmful components of the emissions.

[0055] In a further preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 3-4 As shown, a set of second motors 14 are provided on the outside of the pretreatment chamber 1 at the position corresponding to the crushing roller 12. The output end of each second motor 14 is fixedly connected to the shaft end of the corresponding crushing roller 12 through a coupling.

[0056] In this embodiment, two second motors 14 start in opposite directions to drive the crushing rollers 12 to start rotating. The two crushing rollers 12 are installed side by side, so when they start rotating, the waste between them will be effectively clamped, torn and cut, thus achieving the crushing treatment of waste.

[0057] In a further preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 3-4 As shown, a drying fan 15 is respectively installed on the upper and lower side walls of the crushing roller 12 in the pretreatment chamber 1, and a dual-channel airflow is formed between the two drying fans 15.

[0058] In this embodiment, when the waste is crushed by the crushing roller 12, the drying fan 15 on the upper side starts to work, drawing in dry air from the outside and blowing it toward the waste pile; this airflow not only helps to remove moisture from the surface of the waste, but also promotes the evaporation of moisture inside the waste, thereby improving the drying efficiency.

[0059] At the same time, the lower side drying fan 15 forms an airflow channel that intersects with the airflow of the upper side drying fan 15; this airflow creates a certain negative pressure area below the waste pile, which helps to accelerate the flow of dry air above the waste and remove more moisture.

[0060] The dual-channel airflow formed between the two drying fans 15 not only enhances the drying effect, but also ensures that the waste is dried more evenly in the pretreatment chamber 1; this design helps to reduce the moisture content in the waste and improve the efficiency and stability of subsequent incineration.

[0061] In a further preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 3-4 As shown, a set of inclined guide plates 16 with an inclination angle of 30°-40° are provided at the lower part of the crushing roller 12.

[0062] In this embodiment, after the waste is crushed by the crushing roller 12, it will become smaller fragments and fall onto the guide plate 16. Due to the downward slope design of the guide plate 16, these fragments will slide down the guide plate 16 under the action of gravity. At the same time, the inclination angle of the guide plate 16 is reasonably designed to ensure that the waste slides down smoothly and to avoid the waste from accumulating or blocking during the slide.

[0063] In a further preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 3-4 As shown, a stirring rod 17 distributed in the horizontal direction is installed at the lower part of the pretreatment chamber 1 via a bearing, and stirring blades 18 are arranged around the stirring rod 17.

[0064] In this embodiment, the stirring rod 17 drives the stirring blade 18 to rotate. The stirring process can accelerate the evaporation and dissipation of moisture, further improve the dryness of the waste, and prepare it for subsequent incineration.

[0065] In a further preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 3-4 As shown, a third motor 19 is provided on the outside of the pretreatment chamber 1, and the output end of the third motor 19 is fixedly connected to the shaft of the stirring rod 17 by a key.

[0066] In this embodiment, when the third motor 19 is started, the torque at its output end is transmitted to the shaft of the stirring rod 17 through a key connection, thereby driving the stirring rod 17 to start rotating. The stirring blades 18 arranged circumferentially on the stirring rod 17 rotate accordingly, so as to fully stir and mix the waste in the pretreatment chamber 1.

[0067] In a further preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 3-4 As shown, a discharge port 20 is provided on the bottom side of the pretreatment chamber 1.

[0068] In this embodiment, the discharge port 20 is mainly for smoothly discharging the pretreated waste from the pretreatment chamber 1 so that it can enter the subsequent incineration treatment stage.

[0069] Working principle: When this device is in use, waste is put into the feeding port 4; the first motor 6 starts immediately and drives the conveyor shaft 5 to start rotating; the outer side of the conveyor shaft 5 is provided with spiral blades 6 with an inclination angle of 45°-50°. As the conveyor shaft 5 rotates, these spiral blades 6 effectively lift the waste from the feeding port 4 upward and push it smoothly along the inner wall of the upper shell 2 towards the pretreatment chamber 1.

[0070] During the waste transport process, a set of heating elements 10 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the loading shell 2 begins to function. Each set of heating elements 10 contains at least three parallel PTC ceramic heating elements, which rapidly generate heat to preheat and dry the waste inside the loading shell 2. At the same time, to ensure the safety and stability of the heating process, an embedded K-type thermocouple monitors the temperature of the heating elements 10 in real time and makes adjustments as needed. In addition, the loading shell 2 is also equipped with a temperature sensor 11 to monitor temperature changes during the waste preheating process, so as to adjust the power of the heating elements 10 or stop heating in a timely manner to prevent damage to the device that may be caused by excessive temperature.

[0071] When the waste is successfully transported to the upper position opposite to the pretreatment chamber 1 of the feeding shell 2, it falls into the pretreatment chamber 1 through the carefully designed guide port 3, ready for subsequent incineration pretreatment operations. During the waste transportation and preheating process, several drainage channels 7 installed through the bottom side of the feeding shell 2 allow the liquid components in the waste to seep out effectively. These liquid components flow into the trough receiving plate 8 which is closely connected to the bottom of the feeding shell 2 through the drainage channels 7, and are finally discharged smoothly through the drainage pipe 9 connected to the bottom side of the trough receiving plate 8, realizing the dry and wet separation of the waste and significantly improving the efficiency and effect of subsequent incineration treatment.

[0072] Once the waste falls from the feed inlet 3 into the pretreatment chamber 1, it will first come into contact with the rotating crushing roller 12. As the crushing roller 12 rotates, the waste is quickly torn into smaller fragments by the crushing blade 13. In this process, the two parallel crushing rollers 12 rotate in opposite directions under the drive of the second motor 14, effectively clamping, tearing and cutting the waste to achieve the crushing treatment of the waste.

[0073] As the waste is crushed by the crushing roller 12, the upper-side drying fan 15 starts working, drawing in dry air from the outside and blowing it toward the waste pile. This airflow not only helps to remove moisture from the surface of the waste, but also promotes the evaporation of moisture inside the waste, significantly improving drying efficiency. At the same time, the lower-side drying fan 15 forms an airflow channel that intersects with the airflow from the upper-side drying fan 15. This airflow creates a negative pressure area below the waste pile, accelerating the flow of dry air above the waste and removing more moisture. The dual-channel airflow formed between the two drying fans 15 not only enhances the drying effect, but also ensures that the waste is dried more evenly in the pretreatment chamber 1.

[0074] After the waste is crushed by the crushing roller 12, it becomes smaller fragments and falls onto the guide plate 16. Due to the downward slope of the guide plate 16, these fragments slide smoothly down the guide plate 16 under the action of gravity. The angle of the guide plate 16 is reasonably designed, which not only ensures that the waste slides smoothly, but also avoids the accumulation or blockage of waste during the slide.

[0075] To further improve the dryness and mixing uniformity of the waste, the third motor 19 is started; the torque at its output end is transmitted to the shaft of the stirring rod 17 through a key connection, driving the stirring rod 17 to start rotating; the stirring blades 18 arranged circumferentially on the stirring rod 17 rotate accordingly, thoroughly stirring and mixing the waste in the pretreatment chamber 1; this process accelerates the evaporation and dissipation of moisture, making full preparation for subsequent incineration.

[0076] Finally, the pretreated waste is smoothly discharged through the discharge port 20 opened on the bottom side of the pretreatment chamber 1 so that it can enter the subsequent incineration treatment stage.

[0077] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0078] It should be understood that the disclosed apparatus can be implemented in other ways, given the several embodiments provided in this application. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units described above may be implemented in other ways in practice. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or communication connections shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; indirect coupling or communication connections between devices or units may be telecommunications or other forms.

[0079] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0080] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can still combine, add, delete, or otherwise adjust the features of the various embodiments of this utility model according to the circumstances without conflict or creative effort, thereby obtaining different technical solutions that do not fundamentally depart from the concept of this utility model. These technical solutions are also within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A waste incineration pretreatment apparatus, characterized by, include: Pre-processing bin; A feeding hopper located next to the pretreatment silo; The upper part of the feeding shell is connected to the pretreatment chamber via a guide port, and the lower part of the shell is located away from the pretreatment chamber. A conveyor shaft is vertically mounted inside the feeding shell via bearings; The outer side of the conveyor shaft is equipped with helical blades, and the inclination angle of the helical blades is 45°-50°; The first motor, located on the top side of the upper material shell, has its output end fixedly connected to the end of the conveyor shaft via a key; Several drainage channels are provided through the bottom side of the feeding shell, with a cross-sectional dimension spacing of 40mm-50mm; The bottom of the feeding shell is equipped with a groove receiving plate that is connected to the drain channel; A drain pipe is connected to the bottom side of the tank receiving plate; A set of heating elements is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the feeding shell. Each set of heating elements contains at least three parallel PTC ceramic heating elements, with K-type thermocouples embedded inside. A temperature sensor is installed inside the feeding shell.

2. A waste incineration pretreatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that A set of crushing rollers is mounted in parallel on the upper part of the pretreatment chamber via bearings, and annular crushing blades are provided on the outer side of the two crushing rollers.

3. The waste incineration pretreatment device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A set of second motors is installed on the outside of the pretreatment chamber corresponding to the position of the crushing roller. The output end of each second motor is fixedly connected to the shaft end of the corresponding crushing roller through a coupling.

4. A waste incineration pre-treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that, The pretreatment chamber is equipped with a drying fan on the upper and lower inclined side walls of the crushing roller, forming a dual-channel airflow between the two drying fans.

5. A waste incineration pre-treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that, A set of inclined guide plates with an inclination angle of 30°-40° are provided at the lower part of the crushing roller.

6. A waste incineration pre-treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that A horizontally distributed stirring rod is mounted on the lower part of the pretreatment chamber via a bearing, and stirring blades are arranged around the circumference of the stirring rod.

7. A waste incineration pretreatment device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, A third motor is installed on the outside of the pretreatment chamber, and the output end of the third motor is fixedly connected to the shaft of the stirring rod by a key.

8. A waste incineration pre-treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that, A discharge port is provided on the bottom side of the pretreatment silo.

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