High-pressure reaction kettle for gradient continuous leaching
By dividing the high-pressure reactor into multiple clearly defined leaching chambers and combining them with steam and overflow components, gradient control of temperature, pressure, and reaction time is achieved. This solves the problems of low efficiency and narrow applicability of traditional high-pressure reactors in mineral resource extraction, improves leaching rate and reaction efficiency, and reduces energy consumption.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GEM CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-21
AI Technical Summary
Traditional high-pressure reactors are difficult to control in terms of temperature, reaction time and internal pressure during mineral extraction and processing, resulting in incomplete reaction, impurity deposition affecting the inner wall of the reactor, low reaction efficiency, and inflexible design, making them unable to meet the processing needs of ores of different grades.
A high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching is adopted. By dividing the reactor body into fusion, stability and adjustment leaching chambers, combined with a steam source and overflow components, gradient control of temperature, pressure and reaction time can be achieved. The parameters of each zone can be independently adjusted to meet the needs of different reaction stages.
It improves leaching rate and reaction efficiency, reduces internal scaling, expands the scope of process application, increases production capacity and flexibility, optimizes volume utilization, and reduces energy consumption.
Smart Images
Figure CN224148130U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of hydrometallurgical technology, and in particular to a high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of mineral resource extraction and processing, high-pressure reactors are one of the key pieces of equipment for material leaching reactions. Traditional high-pressure reactors have many shortcomings in the material leaching process.
[0003] On the one hand, traditional reactors struggle to achieve gradient control of temperature, reaction time, and internal pressure. During the leaching process, different stages have varying requirements for temperature, time, and pressure; a lack of gradient control leads to incomplete reactions, affecting leaching efficiency and product quality. Furthermore, impurities mix and deposit within the reactor, easily forming scale on the inner wall, which not only shortens the reactor's lifespan but also reduces reaction efficiency.
[0004] On the other hand, the length and volume design of each reaction zone in traditional reactors are relatively fixed. The uniform distribution of compartments limits reaction efficiency and fails to adequately match the reaction kinetics requirements from upstream to downstream, resulting in wasted resources in the downstream compartments. Materials cannot be fully mixed and reacted during the reaction process, especially in the initial reaction stage. Due to the lack of reasonable length and volume planning, the materials cannot undergo sufficient initial reaction. Simultaneously, the requirements for rapid reaction and buffering under high temperature and pressure are difficult to meet, leading to low leaching rates and reaction efficiency, and limiting the capacity of a single reactor.
[0005] Furthermore, traditional reactors lack clearly defined functional zones, making it difficult to achieve physical isolation between different reaction stages and to independently control the temperature, pressure, and reaction time of each zone. Moreover, their design is ill-suited to processing ores of varying grades, resulting in a narrow range of applicable processes and insufficient flexibility. Utility Model Content
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching, which can achieve gradient control, reduce internal wall scaling, and match reaction kinetic requirements, thereby improving leaching rate and reaction efficiency and expanding the scope of process applicability.
[0007] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0008] A high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching includes a reactor body and overflow components. The reactor body has an upstream end and a downstream end. There are (M+N) overflow components, all spaced apart along the length of the reactor body. The overflow components selectively move along the length of the reactor body to divide the interior of the reactor body into (M+N+1) compartments, where M≥2 and N≥2. Along the direction from the upstream end to the downstream end, the first M compartments are defined as fusion leaching chambers, and the first fusion leaching chamber has at least one inlet. The (M+1)th to (M+N)th compartments are defined as stable leaching chambers. (+N+1) of the compartments are defined as adjustable leaching chambers, each of which has at least one outlet. The high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching further includes a first steam source and a second steam source. The output of the first steam source is connected to each of the fusion leaching chambers to set the temperature in the fusion leaching chamber to T1. The output of the second steam source is connected to each of the stable leaching chambers to set the temperature in the stable leaching chamber to T2, where T1 < T2. Along the length of the reactor body, the length of the fusion leaching chamber with the inlet is L1, the length of the remaining fusion leaching chambers is L2, the length of the stable leaching chamber is L3, and the length of the adjustable leaching chamber is L4, where L1 > L2 > L3 = L4.
[0009] As a preferred technical solution for a high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching, each of the fusion leaching chambers is provided with two first heat conduction ports, which are selectively connected to the output end of the first steam source. A first spray head is connected to the first heat conduction port, and the steam is sprayed into the corresponding compartment through the first spray head; and / or, each of the stable leaching chambers is provided with two second heat conduction ports, which are selectively connected to the output end of the second steam source. A second spray head is connected to the second heat conduction port, and the steam is sprayed into the corresponding compartment through the second spray head.
[0010] As a preferred technical solution for a high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching, the first steam source injects steam directly into the top of the fusion leaching chamber through the first heat conduction port; and / or, the second steam source injects steam directly into the top of the stable leaching chamber through the second heat conduction port.
[0011] As a preferred technical solution for a high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching, the overflow assembly includes an assembly ring shell and an overflow unit. The outer wall of the assembly ring shell is attached to the inner wall of the reactor body. The overflow unit is located inside the assembly ring shell and selectively connects two adjacent compartments to convey materials downstream.
[0012] As a preferred technical solution for a high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching, the overflow unit further includes a first overflow plate and a second overflow plate. The first overflow plate is disposed on the upstream side of the overflow assembly and is connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the assembly ring shell, forming an overflow inlet between the first overflow plate and the top surface of the inner wall of the assembly ring shell. The second overflow plate is disposed on the downstream side of the overflow assembly and is connected to the top of the inner wall of the assembly ring shell, forming an overflow outlet between the second overflow plate and the bottom surface of the inner wall of the assembly ring shell. The material entering the overflow inlet flows out from the overflow outlet.
[0013] As a preferred technical solution for a high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching, the first overflow plate is provided with a first movable plate, which can move vertically relative to the first overflow plate. A movable inlet is formed between the first movable plate and the top surface of the inner sidewall of the component ring shell, and the overflow inlet is connected to the upstream compartment through the movable inlet; and / or, the second overflow plate is provided with a second movable plate, which can move vertically relative to the second overflow plate. A movable outlet is formed between the second movable plate and the top surface of the inner sidewall of the component ring shell, and the overflow inlet is connected to the downstream compartment through the movable outlet.
[0014] As a preferred technical solution for a high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching, the side of the first overflow plate near the second overflow plate gradually tilts towards the second overflow plate from top to bottom in the vertical direction, while the side of the second overflow plate near the first overflow plate gradually tilts away from the second overflow plate.
[0015] As a preferred technical solution for a high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching, along the direction from the upstream end to the downstream end, the length of any one of the first M compartments in the length direction of the reactor body is 5% to 35% greater than the length of any one of the (M+1)th to (M+N+1)th compartments in the length direction of the reactor body.
[0016] As a preferred technical solution for high-pressure reactors used in gradient continuous leaching, L1 is 10% to 20% larger than L3, and L2 is 10% to 20% larger than L3.
[0017] As a preferred technical solution for a high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching, each of the compartments is provided with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature in the corresponding compartment; and / or, each of the compartments is provided with a pressure sensor for monitoring the pressure in the corresponding compartment.
[0018] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0019] This high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching, by dividing the entire reactor into a cohesive leaching chamber, a stable leaching chamber, and an adjustable leaching chamber, enables gradient control of temperature, reaction time, and internal pressure. It also allows impurities to hydrolyze and precipitate in different areas, avoiding mixed deposition and significantly reducing scaling on the reactor's inner wall. The varying lengths of the chambers match the reaction kinetics requirements from upstream to downstream. A length design of L1 > L2 ensures thorough mixing and initial reaction of the material, while a length design of L3 = L4 guarantees stable leaching under high-temperature conditions and inhibits impurity hydrolysis. The expanded cohesive leaching chamber concentrates reaction resources and dynamically adjusts material flow, ensuring thorough mixing and the initial reaction stage. The shorter stable and adjustable leaching chambers accommodate rapid reactions and buffering requirements under high temperature and pressure. Furthermore, the precise control of chamber lengths allows for accurate control of the reaction time at each leaching stage, ensuring targeted leaching reactions at each stage. The planning of the compartment volume, combined with temperature and pressure control, helps to improve the reaction rate of materials in the cohesive leaching chamber. Based on the principle of forced reaction, the leaching reaction is concentrated in the cohesive leaching chamber beforehand, thereby improving the leaching rate and reaction efficiency, optimizing volume utilization, and increasing the production capacity of a single gradient continuous leaching high-pressure reactor. The flexible movement of the overflow assembly allows the gradient continuous leaching high-pressure reactor to be divided into multiple functionally defined compartments, achieving physical isolation between different reaction stages and ensuring independent control of temperature, pressure, and reaction time in each zone. The modular overflow assembly and adjustable parameters within the compartments can adapt to the processing needs of ores of different grades, thus expanding the process applicability and improving process flexibility. Independent temperature control of the first steam source (T1) and the second steam source (T2) achieves a 390° temperature gradient between the cohesive leaching chamber and the stable leaching chamber, meeting the thermodynamic requirements of different reaction stages. Simultaneously, zoned heating helps reduce energy waste and avoids increased energy consumption caused by high overall reactor temperature. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching provided in this embodiment of the utility model;
[0021] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the overflow component provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0022] In the picture:
[0023] 200, Integrated leaching zone; 210, Feed inlet; 220, First feed port; 230, First steam source; 240, First heat conduction port; 290, Integrated leaching chamber;
[0024] 300, Stability leaching zone; 320, Second feed port; 330, Second steam source; 340, Second heat conduction port; 390, Stability leaching chamber;
[0025] 400, Adjustable leaching zone; 410, Discharge port; 420, Third feed port; 490, Adjustable leaching chamber;
[0026] 700, Overflow assembly; 710, Assembly ring shell; 720, First overflow plate; 730, Second overflow plate; 740, First movable plate; 750, Second movable plate;
[0027] 800. Reactor body;
[0028] 910. Temperature sensor; 920. Pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation
[0029] The technical solution of this utility model will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.
[0030] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "first position" and "second position" refer to two different positions. Moreover, "above," "on top of," and "over" the first feature in relation to the second feature includes the first feature directly above and diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "under," and "below" the first feature in relation to the second feature includes the first feature directly below and diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0031] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.
[0032] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.
[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching. The high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching includes a reactor body 800 and an overflow assembly 700. The reactor body 800 has an upstream end and a downstream end. There are (M+N) overflow assemblies 700, all of which are spaced apart along the length of the reactor body 800. The overflow assemblies 700 selectively move along the length of the reactor body 800 to divide the interior of the reactor body 800 into (M+N+1) compartments, where M≥2 and N≥2. Along the direction from the upstream end to the downstream end, the first M compartments are defined as fusion leaching chambers 290, and the first fusion leaching chamber 290 is provided with at least one inlet 210. The (M+1)th to (M+N)th compartments are defined as stable leaching chambers 390, and the (M+1)th to (M+N)th compartments are defined as stable leaching chambers 390. M+N+1) compartments are defined as adjustable leaching chambers 490, each with at least one outlet 410. The high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching also includes a first steam source 230 and a second steam source 330. The output of the first steam source 230 is connected to each fusion leaching chamber 290 to set the temperature in the fusion leaching chamber 290 to T1. The output of the second steam source 330 is connected to each stable leaching chamber 390 to set the temperature in the stable leaching chamber 390 to T2, where T1 < T2. Along the length of the reactor body 800, the length of the fusion leaching chamber 290 with the inlet 210 is L1, the length of the remaining fusion leaching chambers 290 is L2, the length of the stable leaching chamber 390 is L3, and the length of the adjustable leaching chamber 490 is L4, where L1 > L2 > L3 = L4.
[0034] This high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching, by dividing the entire reactor into a cohesive leaching chamber 290, a stable leaching chamber 390, and an adjustable leaching chamber 490, enables gradient control of temperature, reaction time, and internal pressure. It also allows impurities to hydrolyze and precipitate in different areas, avoiding mixed deposition and significantly reducing scaling on the inner wall of the reactor body 800. The different lengths of the chambers match the reaction kinetics requirements from upstream to downstream. The length design of L1>L2 ensures sufficient mixing and initial reaction of materials, while the length design of L3=L4 ensures stable leaching of materials under high-temperature conditions and inhibits the hydrolysis of impurities. The expanded design of the cohesive leaching chamber 290 concentrates reaction resources and allows for dynamic adjustment of material flow, ensuring sufficient mixing and the initial reaction stage. The shorter stable leaching chamber 390 and adjustable leaching chamber 490 are suitable for rapid reaction and buffering requirements under high temperature and high pressure. Furthermore, the specific length of the chambers allows for precise control of the reaction time at each leaching stage, ensuring the targeted nature of the leaching reaction at each stage. The planning of the compartment volume, combined with temperature and pressure control, helps to improve the reaction rate of materials within the cohesive leaching chamber 290. Based on the forced reaction principle, the leaching reaction is pre-concentrated within the cohesive leaching chamber 290, thereby improving the leaching rate and reaction efficiency, optimizing volume utilization, and increasing the production capacity of a single gradient continuous leaching high-pressure reactor. The flexible movement of the overflow assembly 700 allows the gradient continuous leaching high-pressure reactor to be divided into multiple functionally defined compartments, achieving physical isolation between different reaction stages and ensuring independent control of temperature, pressure, and reaction time in each zone. The modular overflow assembly 700 and the adjustable parameters within the compartments can adapt to the processing needs of ores of different grades, thereby expanding the process applicability and improving process flexibility. Independent temperature control of the first steam source 230 (T1) and the second steam source 330 (T2) achieves a temperature gradient between the cohesive leaching chamber 290 and the stable leaching chamber 390, meeting the thermodynamic requirements of different reaction stages. Meanwhile, zoned heating helps reduce energy waste and avoids increased energy consumption caused by high temperatures throughout the entire boiler.
[0035] For ease of description, the high-pressure reactor for gradient continuous leaching is divided into three zones: a cohesive leaching zone 200, a stable leaching zone 300, and a conditioning leaching zone 400. All cohesive leaching chambers 290 belong to cohesive leaching zone 200. All stable leaching chambers 390 belong to stable leaching zone 300. Conditioning leaching chambers 490 belong to conditioning leaching zone 400.
[0036] In this embodiment, the material is lateritic nickel ore; a first feed port 220 is provided on the fusion leaching chamber 290, and sulfuric acid is added from the first feed port 220 when the material is processed in the fusion leaching chamber 290; a second feed port 320 is provided on the stability leaching chamber 390, and sulfuric acid is added from the second feed port 320 when the material is processed in the stability leaching chamber 390; a third feed port 420 is provided on the adjustment leaching chamber 490, and supplementary material is added from the third feed port 420 when the material is processed in the adjustment leaching chamber 490. The supplementary material is at least one of manganese slag, magnesian lateritic nickel ore, and low-alumina lateritic nickel ore.
[0037] The low temperature of the integrated leaching chamber 290 promotes Fe hydrolysis and precipitation, while the high temperature of the stable leaching chamber 390 accelerates nickel-cobalt leaching and controls Al hydrolysis. The cooling of the adjustable leaching chamber 490 inhibits further Al hydrolysis, achieving staged removal of impurities and reducing the burden on subsequent processes. Through temperature differentiation design, excessive leaching of Fe and Al in the stable region is suppressed, while ensuring efficient extraction of the target metal.
[0038] In one embodiment of this example, each fusion leaching chamber 290 is provided with two first heat conduction ports 240, which are selectively connected to the output end of the first steam source 230. A first spray head is connected to the first heat conduction port 240, and steam is sprayed into the corresponding compartment through the first spray head. Each stability leaching chamber 390 is provided with two second heat conduction ports 340, which are selectively connected to the output end of the second steam source 330. A second spray head is connected to the second heat conduction port 340, and steam is sprayed into the corresponding compartment through the second spray head.
[0039] The design with two selective heating ports allows the steam source to operate with the other port if one becomes blocked. This enables flexible adjustment of the energy input to each compartment, preventing downtime, maintaining optimal reaction conditions, and enhancing heat transfer capabilities. Simultaneously, the spray nozzles facilitate uniform steam distribution within the compartments. Combined with the planned distribution of the heating ports, this optimizes heat distribution within the compartments, improving temperature uniformity and preventing incomplete reactions caused by localized overheating or underheating.
[0040] In other embodiments of this example, each fusion leaching chamber 290 is provided with two first heat conduction ports 240, the first heat conduction ports 240 being selectively connected to the output end of the first steam source 230, and a first spray head is connected to the first heat conduction port 240, through which steam is sprayed into the corresponding compartment; or each stability leaching chamber 390 is provided with two second heat conduction ports 340, the second heat conduction ports 340 being selectively connected to the output end of the second steam source 330, and a second spray head is connected to the second heat conduction port 340, through which steam is sprayed into the corresponding compartment.
[0041] In one embodiment of this invention, the first steam source 230 injects steam directly into the top of the fusion leaching chamber 290 through the first heat conduction port 240; and the second steam source 330 injects steam directly into the top of the stability leaching chamber 390 through the second heat conduction port 340.
[0042] Steam is directly injected into the top of the compartment, achieving rapid heat transfer through direct contact between the steam and the material. The latent heat of the steam rapidly raises the material temperature, shortening the preheating time. Simultaneously, the hot and cold mixing of steam and material enhances the stirring effect, preventing localized over-acidification or uneven temperature distribution, and reducing the risk of scaling on the inner wall of the high-pressure reactor used in gradient continuous leaching. Furthermore, the steam input not only provides heat but also replenishes the pressure within the high-pressure reactor, ensuring the stability of high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, meeting the requirements of high-pressure acid leaching processes, reducing equipment complexity, and lowering maintenance costs.
[0043] By combining the adjustment of the compartment volume, the distributed addition of steam, and the control of the reaction gradient, a systematic optimization scheme can be formed.
[0044] In other embodiments of this example, only the first steam source 230 is limited to injecting steam directly into the top of the fusion leaching chamber 290 through the first heat conduction port 240; or only the second steam source 330 is limited to injecting steam directly into the top of the stability leaching chamber 390 through the second heat conduction port 340.
[0045] In this embodiment, the overflow assembly 700 includes an assembly ring shell 710 and an overflow unit. The outer wall of the assembly ring shell 710 is attached to the inner wall of the reactor body 800. The overflow unit is disposed inside the assembly ring shell 710. The overflow unit selectively connects two adjacent compartments to convey materials downstream.
[0046] The overflow assembly 700, through its ring shell 710, fits tightly against the inner wall of the reactor body 800, ensuring the sealing effect of each compartment. This helps control the flow of materials between adjacent compartments, maintains a stable high-pressure environment, and reduces the risk of material leakage and pressure fluctuations. Simultaneously, the overflow assembly 700 can move along the length of the reactor body 800 to dynamically adjust the length and function of each compartment according to process requirements, adapting to different ore processing needs.
[0047] Furthermore, the overflow unit also includes a first overflow plate 720 and a second overflow plate 730. The first overflow plate 720 is located on the upstream side of the overflow assembly 700 and is connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the assembly ring shell 710, forming an overflow inlet between the first overflow plate 720 and the top surface of the inner wall of the assembly ring shell 710. The second overflow plate 730 is located on the downstream side of the overflow assembly 700 and is connected to the top of the inner wall of the assembly ring shell 710, forming an overflow outlet between the second overflow plate 730 and the bottom surface of the inner wall of the assembly ring shell 710. The material entering the overflow inlet flows out from the overflow outlet.
[0048] The first overflow plate 720 and the second overflow plate 730 form a unidirectional flow path, allowing material to be pushed from the overflow inlet to the overflow outlet under its own weight, thereby preventing material deposition and blockage of the overflow channel. The overflow unit selectively connects adjacent compartments, and the design of the overflow inlet and overflow outlet enables smooth, step-by-step material transfer, avoiding blockage and back-mixing.
[0049] In one embodiment of this invention, a first movable plate 740 is provided on the first overflow plate 720. The first movable plate 740 can move vertically relative to the first overflow plate 720. A movable inlet is formed between the first movable plate 740 and the top surface of the inner sidewall of the component ring shell 710. The overflow inlet is connected to the upstream compartment through the movable inlet. A second movable plate 750 is provided on the second overflow plate 730. The second movable plate 750 can move vertically relative to the second overflow plate 730. A movable outlet is formed between the second movable plate 750 and the top surface of the inner sidewall of the component ring shell 710. The overflow inlet is connected to the downstream compartment through the movable outlet.
[0050] The vertical movement of the first movable plate 740 and the second movable plate 750 allows for the alteration of the overflow inlet and outlet dimensions, controlling the maximum height within the compartment. Reducing the size of the movable inlet and outlet extends the reaction time and material residence time within the compartment, matching the kinetic requirements of different reaction stages. Enlarging the movable outlet and inlet ensures rapid material transfer between compartments, enabling fine-tuning of process parameters. This overflow assembly 700 can adjust the transfer rate in real time according to ore characteristics (such as particle size and composition), optimizing leaching efficiency and enhancing process adaptability.
[0051] In other embodiments of this example, only the first overflow plate 720 is provided with a first movable plate 740, the first movable plate 740 can move vertically relative to the first overflow plate 720, and a movable inlet is formed between the first movable plate 740 and the top surface of the inner sidewall of the component ring shell 710, the overflow inlet is connected to the upstream compartment through the movable inlet; or only the second overflow plate 730 is provided with a second movable plate 750, the second movable plate 750 can move vertically relative to the second overflow plate 730, the second movable plate 750 and the top surface of the inner sidewall of the component ring shell 710 are formed with a movable outlet, the overflow inlet is connected to the downstream compartment through the movable outlet.
[0052] In this embodiment, vertically from top to bottom, the side of the first overflow plate 720 near the second overflow plate 730 gradually tilts towards the second overflow plate 730, while the side of the second overflow plate 730 near the first overflow plate 720 gradually tilts away from the second overflow plate 730. This design, with its inclined path between the overflow inlet and outlet, helps enhance material mixing within the compartment, eliminates dead zones in the reaction, and improves leaching uniformity. These improvements also help maintain the independence of reaction conditions in each zone. Furthermore, they improve material transport efficiency and reduce the risk of localized scaling due to long-term residue retention. The close-fitting design reduces material loss during the overflow process, improves conveying efficiency, and ensures the stability of continuous production.
[0053] In this embodiment, along the direction from the upstream end to the downstream end, the length of any one of the first M compartments in the length direction of the reactor body 800 is 5% to 35% greater than the length of any one of the (M+1)th to (M+N+1)th compartments in the length direction of the reactor body 800.
[0054] The length of the fusion leaching chamber 290 is 5%-35% longer than that of the stable leaching chamber 390 or the adjustable leaching chamber 490. This ensures thorough mixing and smooth initial reaction of the material in the low-temperature zone (within the fusion leaching chamber 290), laying the foundation for high-temperature leaching in the subsequent high-temperature zone (within the stable leaching chamber 390). This avoids drastic changes between different reaction stages, reduces the risk of localized scaling, and balances reaction efficiency with equipment utilization.
[0055] Furthermore, L1 is 10% to 20% larger than L3, and L2 is 10% to 20% larger than L3. Specifically, L1 is 15% larger than L3, and L2 is 10% larger than L3. This limitation of L1 being larger than L3 ensures a sufficiently long mixing time in the fusion leaching zone 200, while avoiding excessive energy consumption. The limitation of L2 being larger than L3 shortens the subsequent fusion chamber length while maintaining effective mixing, matching the gradually increasing temperature gradient, and preventing excessive Fe leaching. These proportions, matching the reaction kinetics of lateritic nickel ore, help balance leaching efficiency and energy consumption.
[0056] In one embodiment of this invention, each compartment is provided with a temperature sensor 910 for monitoring the temperature in the corresponding compartment; each compartment is provided with a pressure sensor 920 for monitoring the pressure in the corresponding compartment.
[0057] The temperature sensor 910 ensures that the temperature in each compartment strictly conforms to the gradient requirements of T1 and T2; the pressure sensor 920 monitors the pressure in each compartment to prevent overpressure or leakage risks. Both temperature and pressure sensors 910 and 920 provide real-time data feedback, facilitating PID automatic control. Real-time feedback of the reaction status within each compartment from temperature and pressure sensors 910 and 920 allows for dynamic adjustment of process parameters. These data logging functions support process optimization and fault diagnosis, improving process controllability and stability.
[0058] In other embodiments of this example, each compartment is equipped with only one of the temperature sensor 910 and the pressure sensor 920. The specific structure and working principle of the temperature sensor 910 and the pressure sensor 920 are common knowledge in the art and are well understood by those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail here.
[0059] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.
Claims
1. Gradient continuous leaching with high-pressure reaction kettle, characterized in that, include: The reactor body (800) has a relative upstream end and a downstream end; An overflow assembly (700) is provided in M+N units. All the overflow assemblies (700) are spaced apart within the reactor body (800) along the length direction of the reactor body (800). The overflow assemblies (700) selectively move along the length direction of the reactor body (800) to divide the interior of the reactor body (800) into M+N+1 compartments, where M≥2 and N≥2. Along the direction from the upstream end to the downstream end, the first M compartments are defined as fusion leaching chambers (290), and the first fusion leaching chamber (290) is provided with at least one inlet (210). The M+1 to M+N compartments are defined as stable leaching chambers (390), and the M+N+1 compartment is defined as an adjustment leaching chamber (490), which is provided with at least one outlet (410). A first steam source (230) and a second steam source (330) are provided. The output end of the first steam source (230) is connected to each of the fusion leaching chambers (290), and steam is injected to make the temperature inside the fusion leaching chamber (290) T1. The output end of the second steam source (330) is connected to each of the stable leaching chambers (390), and steam is injected to make the temperature inside the stable leaching chamber (390) T2, where T1 < T2. In the length direction of the reactor body (800), the length of the fusion leaching chamber (290) with the feed inlet (210) is L1, the length of the remaining fusion leaching chambers (290) is L2, the length of the stable leaching chamber (390) is L3, and the length of the adjustable leaching chamber (490) is L4, where L1 > L2 > L3 = L4.
2. The gradient continuous leaching high-pressure reaction kettle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the fusion leaching chambers (290) is provided with two first heat conduction ports (240), the first heat conduction ports (240) are selectively connected to the output end of the first steam source (230), and a first spray head is connected to the first heat conduction port (240), the steam is sprayed into the corresponding compartment through the first spray head; Each of the stability leaching chambers (390) is provided with two second heat conduction ports (340), which are selectively connected to the output end of the second steam source (330). A second spray head is connected to the second heat conduction port (340), and the steam is sprayed into the corresponding compartment through the second spray head.
3. The gradient continuous leaching high-pressure reaction kettle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first steam source (230) injects steam directly into the top of the fusion leaching chamber (290) through the first heat conduction port (240); The second steam source (330) injects steam directly into the top of the stability leaching chamber (390) through the second heat conduction port (340).
4. The gradient continuous leaching high-pressure reaction kettle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overflow assembly (700) includes an assembly ring shell (710) and an overflow unit. The outer wall of the assembly ring shell (710) is attached to the inner wall of the reactor body (800). The overflow unit is located inside the assembly ring shell (710). The overflow unit selectively connects two adjacent compartments to convey materials downstream.
5. The gradient continuous leaching high-pressure reaction kettle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The overflow unit further includes a first overflow plate (720) and a second overflow plate (730). The first overflow plate (720) is disposed on the upstream side of the overflow assembly (700). The first overflow plate (720) is connected to the bottom of the inner wall of the assembly ring shell (710) and forms an overflow inlet between it and the top surface of the inner wall of the assembly ring shell (710). The second overflow plate (730) is disposed on the downstream side of the overflow assembly (700). The second overflow plate (730) is connected to the top of the inner wall of the assembly ring shell (710) and forms an overflow outlet between it and the bottom surface of the inner wall of the assembly ring shell (710). The material entering the overflow inlet can flow out from the overflow outlet.
6. The gradient continuous leaching high-pressure reaction kettle according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first overflow plate (720) is provided with a first movable plate (740), which can move vertically relative to the first overflow plate (720). A movable inlet is formed between the first movable plate (740) and the top surface of the inner sidewall of the component ring shell (710). The overflow inlet is connected to the compartment located upstream through the movable inlet. The second overflow plate (730) is provided with a second movable plate (750), which can move vertically relative to the second overflow plate (730). A movable outlet is formed between the second movable plate (750) and the top surface of the inner sidewall of the component ring shell (710). The overflow inlet is connected to the compartment located downstream through the movable outlet.
7. The gradient continuous leaching high-pressure reaction kettle according to claim 5, characterized in that, Along the vertical direction from top to bottom, the side of the first overflow plate (720) near the second overflow plate (730) gradually tilts toward the second overflow plate (730), and the side of the second overflow plate (730) near the first overflow plate (720) gradually tilts away from the second overflow plate (730).
8. The gradient continuous leaching high-pressure reaction kettle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the direction from the upstream end to the downstream end, the length of any of the first M compartments in the length direction of the reactor body (800) is 5% to 35% greater than the length of any of the (M+1)th to (M+N+1)th compartments in the length direction of the reactor body (800).
9. The gradient continuous leaching high-pressure reaction kettle according to claim 8, characterized in that, L1 is 10% to 20% larger than L3, and L2 is 10% to 20% larger than L3.
10. The gradient continuous leaching high-pressure reactor according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Each of the compartments is equipped with a temperature sensor (910) for monitoring the temperature within the corresponding compartment; Each of the compartments is equipped with a pressure sensor (920) for monitoring the pressure in the corresponding compartment.