Photovoltaic cell testing device under simulated besides-satellite environment

Abstract

The utility model relates to a photovoltaic cell testing device in a simulated besides-satellite environment, which is used for testing the performance of a photovoltaic cell assembly in the simulated besides-satellite environment, and specifically comprises a device main body which comprises a main cavity, an upper functional flange, a lower functional flange and a working platform; the vacuum simulation module is used for simulating the vacuum environment of the besides-star surface and comprises a vacuum pump assembly and a pressure measurement and control assembly; the temperature simulation module is used for simulating the environment temperature of the besides-star surface and comprises a heating assembly, a refrigeration assembly and a temperature control assembly; the illumination simulation module is used for simulating the illumination condition of the besides-star surface and comprises an optical window and a xenon lamp light source; and the irradiation simulation module is used for simulating irradiation conditions of the besides-satellite surface and comprises an electron radiation light source and an ultraviolet light source. Compared with the prior art, the device can be used for performing photovoltaic cell performance test on the photovoltaic cell assembly under different environment conditions of simulating a besides-star.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic cell technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic cell testing device that simulates an extraterrestrial environment. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of deep space exploration and the construction of extraterrestrial bases, photovoltaic cells have become a core component for energy supply in extraterrestrial environments. However, extreme extraterrestrial conditions (such as extraterrestrial dust and space particle radiation) severely restrict the long-term stable operation of energy harvesting systems. For example, charged lunar regolith deposits on the lunar surface can lead to a significant decrease in the light transmittance of photovoltaic cells, while high-energy particle rays from space may cause degradation of photovoltaic cell material properties.

[0003] Existing research on photovoltaic cell performance testing is mostly based on Earth environment simulation. For example, CN107748303A discloses a mobile photovoltaic device electrical performance testing system. This system includes a movable enclosure, an artificial simulated light source device, an electroluminescence imaging testing device, a bipolar power supply device, a meteorological measurement and acquisition device, and a data analysis platform. It simultaneously detects the voltage, current, and temperature of the photovoltaic device using the artificial simulated light source and the bipolar power supply, and incorporates meteorological parameters for data correction to ensure testing under constant experimental conditions. However, this photovoltaic device electrical performance testing system cannot simulate extraterrestrial environments and lacks systematic verification for extreme extraterrestrial environmental conditions, especially regarding the synergistic mechanism of dust deposition and high-energy particle radiation, which remains unclear.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a photovoltaic cell testing device that can simulate dust and soil cover on extraterrestrial surfaces and space irradiation, so as to facilitate the relevant performance testing of photovoltaic cells under simulated extraterrestrial environmental conditions. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing photovoltaic cell testing systems that cannot perform photovoltaic device performance testing in simulated extraterrestrial environments, and to provide a photovoltaic cell testing device that simulates an extraterrestrial environment.

[0006] The objective of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] This utility model provides a photovoltaic cell testing device for simulating an extraterrestrial environment, used to perform performance testing on photovoltaic cell modules under simulated extraterrestrial conditions, comprising:

[0008] The main body of the device includes a main cavity and an upper functional flange and a lower functional flange respectively located at the top and bottom of the main cavity. The main cavity is equipped with a working platform for loading photovoltaic cell modules.

[0009] The vacuum simulation module is used to simulate the vacuum environment of an extraterrestrial surface within the main cavity. It includes a vacuum pump assembly connected to the main cavity and a pressure measurement and control assembly for detecting the vacuum level within the main cavity.

[0010] The temperature simulation module is used to simulate the ambient temperature of an extraterrestrial surface within the main cavity. It includes heating components, cooling components, and temperature control components connected to the working platform.

[0011] The illumination simulation module is used to simulate the illumination conditions on the surface of an alien planet. It includes an optical window on the upper functional flange and a xenon lamp light source that introduces parallel light into the main body of the test device through the optical window.

[0012] The irradiation simulation module is used to simulate the irradiation conditions on the surface of an alien planet. It includes an electron radiation source and an ultraviolet source located on the upper functional flange.

[0013] Furthermore, the main cavity is a columnar structure, and knife-edge flanges are welded to both the upper and lower ends of the main cavity. Gaskets are provided between the upper and lower functional flanges and the knife-edge flanges.

[0014] Furthermore, the vacuum pump assembly includes a mechanical pump, a Roots pump, and at least one molecular pump.

[0015] Furthermore, the side wall of the main cavity is provided with a mechanical pump flange interface for connecting to a mechanical pump, a Roots pump flange interface for connecting to a Roots pump, and a molecular pump flange interface for connecting to a molecular pump. Dustproof components are provided between the flange interfaces and the vacuum pump assembly.

[0016] Furthermore, the pressure measurement and control component includes a vacuum gauge pressure sensor and an ionization gauge pressure sensor connected in series, both of which are connected to an external pump group controller; the upper functional flange is provided with a pressure sensor interface for connection to the vacuum gauge pressure sensor.

[0017] Furthermore, the heating assembly includes a temperature-controlled base plate connected to the working platform and heating wires arranged on the upper surface of the temperature-controlled base plate.

[0018] Furthermore, the refrigeration assembly includes a liquid nitrogen channel arranged on the lower surface of the temperature control base plate and an external liquid nitrogen Dewar canister, with the liquid nitrogen Dewar canister and the liquid nitrogen channel connected by a braided corrugated hose.

[0019] Furthermore, the temperature control component includes a temperature sensor disposed on the surface of the work platform and an external temperature controller.

[0020] Furthermore, the temperature sensor and the heating wire are connected to the temperature controller via the temperature sensor feedthrough flange and the heating wire feedthrough flange, respectively.

[0021] Furthermore, a cold screen is also provided around the work platform.

[0022] Furthermore, the photovoltaic cell module is connected to a photovoltaic cell test circuit through a photovoltaic cell wiring outlet on the cold shield.

[0023] Furthermore, the upper surface of the temperature control base plate is provided with mounting holes for connecting to the work platform, heating wire channels for arranging heating wires, and cold screen channels for mounting a cold screen.

[0024] Furthermore, the lower surface of the temperature control base plate is provided with a liquid nitrogen channel adapted to the shape of the liquid nitrogen flow channel and several supporting cylindrical holes. The temperature control base plate is connected to the lower functional flange through several supporting rods corresponding to the supporting cylindrical holes.

[0025] Furthermore, the lower functional flange is provided with a temperature sensor feedthrough flange interface corresponding to the temperature sensor feedthrough flange, a heating wire feedthrough flange interface corresponding to the heating wire feedthrough flange, a photovoltaic cell test feedthrough flange interface corresponding to the photovoltaic cell test circuit, and a liquid nitrogen inlet / outlet interface corresponding to the braided corrugated hose.

[0026] Furthermore, the xenon lamp light source includes a xenon lamp box, an optical lens assembly connected to the xenon lamp box, and a control power supply for supplying power to the xenon lamp box. A filter is detachably provided on the lens of the optical lens assembly that outputs parallel light.

[0027] Furthermore, the upper functional flange is provided with an electronic radiation source interface corresponding to the electronic radiation source and an ultraviolet source interface corresponding to the ultraviolet source.

[0028] Furthermore, the photovoltaic cell testing device also includes a monitoring module for monitoring the photovoltaic cell module during testing.

[0029] Furthermore, the monitoring module includes a camera mounting bracket installed at the bottom of the upper functional flange and an industrial camera mounted on the camera mounting bracket.

[0030] Furthermore, the industrial camera is connected to a cable feed flange via a cable, and the cable feed flange is installed on the camera feed flange interface opened on the upper functional flange.

[0031] Furthermore, the photovoltaic cell module includes a photovoltaic panel support frame and a photovoltaic cell array panel disposed on the photovoltaic panel support frame, wherein the photovoltaic cell array panel is composed of a number of photovoltaic cells evenly arranged and connected.

[0032] Furthermore, the photovoltaic cell module is equipped with a radiation protection module.

[0033] Furthermore, the radiation protection module includes a flexible polymer substrate, an electron radiation shielding layer, and an ultraviolet radiation protection layer, which are arranged layer by layer on the photovoltaic cell module from bottom to top.

[0034] Furthermore, the photovoltaic cell testing device also includes a self-cleaning module for cleaning the surface of the photovoltaic cell module.

[0035] Furthermore, the self-cleaning module includes ball screws on both sides of the photovoltaic cell module, ball screw nuts on the ball screws, couplers on the ball screw nuts, and cleaning brushes between the couplers on both sides. Each ball screw is connected to a screw stepper motor for driving its rotation.

[0036] Furthermore, the lead screw stepper motor is symmetrically mounted on both sides of the photovoltaic cell module via a fixed bracket, and the lower functional flange is provided with a lead screw motor feedthrough flange interface for connecting to the lead screw stepper motor.

[0037] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] (1) The photovoltaic cell testing device of this utility model can simulate the vacuum degree, temperature, light and radiation conditions of the outer surface of the device through the construction of the main body of the device and the integration of modules such as vacuum simulation module, temperature simulation module, light simulation module and irradiation simulation module. It can be used to test the performance of photovoltaic cell modules under different simulated outer space environments.

[0039] (2) The photovoltaic cell testing device of this utility model can not only carry out performance testing research on photovoltaic cells on the surface of extraterrestrial environments by coupling multiple environmental factors such as high vacuum, extreme temperature, light, electron radiation, and extraterrestrial dust, but also design an integrated design for self-cleaning and radiation protection of photovoltaic cells based on the characteristics of dust and space radiation on the surface of extraterrestrial environments, so as to further explore the working performance and service life of photovoltaic cells in extraterrestrial environments.

[0040] (3) The photovoltaic cell testing device of this utility model can monitor the condition of the photovoltaic cell module during the testing process through the monitoring module, so that the operator can understand the operating status of the photovoltaic cell module in the simulated alien environment. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the photovoltaic cell testing device of this utility model.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a front view of the main body of the device of this utility model.

[0043] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the main body of the device of this utility model.

[0044] Figure 4This is a structural schematic diagram of the upper functional flange and vacuum pump assembly of this utility model.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the vacuum simulation module of this utility model.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lower functional flange of this utility model.

[0047] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure measurement and control component and the dustproof component of this utility model.

[0048] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the working platform of this utility model.

[0049] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram showing the connection between the working platform and the lower functional flange of this utility model.

[0050] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the upper surface of the temperature control base plate of this utility model.

[0051] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the upper surface of the temperature control base plate and the liquid nitrogen flow channel of this utility model.

[0052] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of each component of the temperature simulation module of this utility model.

[0053] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the light simulation module and the irradiation simulation module of this utility model.

[0054] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the xenon lamp light source of this utility model.

[0055] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring module of this utility model.

[0056] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell module of this utility model.

[0057] Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic cell module of this utility model with added radiation protection and self-cleaning modules.

[0058] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radiation protection module of this utility model.

[0059] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the self-cleaning module of this utility model.

[0060] Figure 20This is a single-sided enlarged schematic diagram of the self-cleaning module of this utility model.

[0061] Explanation of markings in the diagram:

[0062] 1-Photovoltaic cell module, 11-Photovoltaic panel support frame, 12-Photovoltaic cell array panel, 13-Photovoltaic cell;

[0063] 2-Main body of the device, 21-Main cavity, 211-Mechanical pump flange interface, 212-Roots pump flange interface, 213-Molecular pump flange interface, 22-Upper functional flange, 221-Pressure sensor interface, 222-Electron radiation light source interface, 223-Ultraviolet light source interface, 224-Camera feedthrough flange interface, 23-Lower functional flange, 231-Temperature sensor feedthrough flange interface, 232-Heating wire feedthrough flange interface, 233-Photovoltaic cell test feedthrough flange interface, 234-Screw motor feedthrough flange interface, 235-Liquid nitrogen inlet / outlet interface, 24-Working platform, 25-Knife-edge flange, 26-Gasket, 27-Support rod;

[0064] 3-Vacuum simulation module, 31-Vacuum pump assembly, 311-Mechanical pump, 312-Roots pump, 313-Molecular pump, 32-Pressure measurement and control assembly, 321-Vacuum gauge pressure sensor, 322-Ionization gauge pressure sensor, 33-Dustproof assembly;

[0065] 4-Temperature simulation module, 41-Heating component, 411-Temperature control base plate, 4111-Mounting hole, 4112-Heating wire channel, 4113-Cold shield channel, 4114-Liquid nitrogen channel, 4115-Supporting cylindrical hole, 412-Heating wire, 413-Heating wire feedthrough flange, 42-Refrigeration component, 421-Liquid nitrogen flow channel, 422-Liquid nitrogen Dewar canister, 423-Braided corrugated hose, 43-Temperature control component, 431-Temperature sensor, 432-Temperature controller, 433-Temperature sensor feedthrough flange, 44-Cold shield, 441-Photovoltaic cell wiring outlet;

[0066] 5-Illumination simulation module, 51-Optical window, 52-Xenon lamp light source, 521-Xenon lamp box, 522-Optical lens group, 523-Control power supply, 53-Filter;

[0067] 6-Irradiation simulation module, 61-Electron radiation source, 62-Ultraviolet source;

[0068] 7-Monitoring module, 71-Camera mounting bracket, 72-Industrial camera, 73-Cable, 74-Cable feedthrough flange;

[0069] 8-Radiation shielding module, 81-Flexible polymer substrate, 82-Electron radiation shielding layer, 83-Ultraviolet radiation protection layer;

[0070] 9-Self-cleaning module, 91-Ball screw, 92-Ball screw nut, 93-Coupler, 94-Cleaning brush, 95-Screw stepper motor, 96-Fixed bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0071] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is based on the technical solution of the present invention and provides detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0072] In this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly, for example, they can be fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can be mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; they can be internal connections between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0073] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0074] Example 1:

[0075] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic cell testing device simulating an extraterrestrial environment, used to perform performance testing on a photovoltaic cell module 1 under simulated extraterrestrial conditions. Figure 1-2 As shown, the photovoltaic cell testing device in this embodiment includes a main body 2, a vacuum simulation module 3, a temperature simulation module 4, a light simulation module 5, and an irradiation simulation module 6.

[0076] The main body 2 of the device in this embodiment includes a main cavity 21 and an upper functional flange 22 and a lower functional flange 23 respectively disposed at the top and bottom of the main cavity 21. The main cavity 21 is provided with a working platform 24 for loading photovoltaic cell module 1. The main cavity 21, the upper functional flange 22, the lower functional flange 23 and the working platform 24 form a complete test cavity, providing an overall framework for loading photovoltaic cell module 1 and integrating various simulation functions.

[0077] The vacuum simulation module 3 of this embodiment is used to simulate the vacuum environment of an alien surface in the main cavity 21. It includes a vacuum pump assembly 31 connected to the main cavity 21 and a pressure measurement and control assembly 32 for detecting the vacuum level in the main cavity 21.

[0078] The temperature simulation module 4 in this embodiment is used to simulate the ambient temperature of an alien surface in the main cavity 21. It includes a heating component 41, a cooling component 42, and a temperature control component 43 connected to the working platform 24.

[0079] The illumination simulation module 5 of this embodiment is used to simulate the illumination conditions on the surface of an alien planet. It includes an optical window 51 opened on the upper functional flange 22 and a xenon lamp light source 52 that introduces parallel light into the main body 2 of the device through the optical window 51.

[0080] The irradiation simulation module 6 in this embodiment is used to simulate the irradiation conditions on the surface of an alien planet. It includes an electron radiation source 61 and an ultraviolet source 62 disposed on the upper functional flange 22.

[0081] The photovoltaic cell testing device in this embodiment performs photovoltaic cell performance testing in a simulated extraterrestrial environment as follows:

[0082] S1: Open the main body 2 of the device and place the photovoltaic cell module 1 to be tested on the working platform 24;

[0083] S2: Spread the prepared simulated alien soil sample on photovoltaic cell module 1;

[0084] S3: After sealing the main body 2 of the device, begin the test;

[0085] S4: Activate vacuum simulation module 3 to perform vacuuming;

[0086] S5: Turn on the temperature simulation module 4 to control the temperature of the working platform 24 and detect the temperature of the photovoltaic cell module 1 through the temperature control component 43;

[0087] S6: After reaching the target test temperature, turn on the light simulation module 5 to test the photovoltaic cell performance data;

[0088] S7: Enable irradiation simulation module 6 to test photovoltaic cell performance data;

[0089] S8: After the test is completed, shut down vacuum simulation module 3, temperature simulation module 4, light simulation module 5 and irradiation simulation module 6;

[0090] S9: After vacuum repressurization and temperature recovery, open the main body 2 of the device, clean the residual dust sample in the device, and complete the test process;

[0091] S10: Analyze and process photovoltaic cell performance data to evaluate the performance and lifespan of photovoltaic cell module 1.

[0092] This embodiment achieves the simulation of vacuum, temperature, light and radiation conditions on the surface of an alien planet within the main body 2 by constructing the device body 2 and integrating the vacuum simulation module 3, temperature simulation module 4, light simulation module 5 and irradiation simulation module 6. It can be used to test the performance of photovoltaic cells in the photovoltaic cell module 1 under the simulated alien environment.

[0093] Example 2:

[0094] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic cell testing device simulating an extraterrestrial environment, used to perform performance testing on a photovoltaic cell module 1 under simulated extraterrestrial conditions. The photovoltaic cell testing device of this embodiment includes a main body 2, a vacuum simulation module 3, a temperature simulation module 4, a light simulation module 5, and an irradiation simulation module 6.

[0095] The difference from Embodiment 1 is that in the main body 2 of this embodiment, the main cavity 21 is a columnar structure made of 304 stainless steel. Figure 3 As shown, knife-edge flanges 25 are welded to both the upper and lower ends of the main cavity 21. Gaskets 26 are provided between the upper functional flange 22 and the lower functional flange 23 and the knife-edge flange 25. The conical knife edges of the flanges on both sides cut into the plane of the gaskets 26 to achieve a sealing effect.

[0096] Example 3:

[0097] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic cell testing device simulating an extraterrestrial environment, used to perform performance testing on a photovoltaic cell module 1 under simulated extraterrestrial conditions. The photovoltaic cell testing device of this embodiment includes a main body 2, a vacuum simulation module 3, a temperature simulation module 4, a light simulation module 5, and an irradiation simulation module 6.

[0098] The difference from Embodiment 1 is that, in the vacuum simulation module 3 of this embodiment, as shown in Example 1... Figure 4-5As shown, the vacuum pump assembly 31 includes a mechanical pump 311, a Roots pump 312, and at least one molecular pump 313. The side wall of the main chamber 21 is provided with a mechanical pump flange interface 211 for connecting to the mechanical pump 311, a Roots pump flange interface 212 for connecting to the Roots pump 312, and a molecular pump flange interface 213 for connecting to the molecular pump 313. The mechanical pump 311 and the Roots pump 312 constitute a single-stage pump group, capable of increasing the pressure within the main chamber 21 from atmospheric pressure to 10... -3 The first-stage pressure drop of Pa, combined with the molecular pump 313 forming a second-stage pump unit, can reduce the pressure within the main chamber 21 from 10 Pa. -3 Pa to 10 -6 The second-stage pressure drop of Pa eventually achieves the target vacuum level.

[0099] like Figure 6-7 As shown, the pressure measurement and control component 32 in this embodiment includes a vacuum gauge pressure sensor 321 and an ionization gauge pressure sensor 322 connected in series, both of which are connected to an external pump controller. A pressure sensor interface 221 connected to the vacuum gauge pressure sensor 321 is provided on the upper functional flange 22. High vacuum pressure is monitored through the series connection of the vacuum gauge pressure sensor 321 and the ionization gauge pressure sensor 322, and the monitoring data is fed back to the external pump controller. The external pump controller adjusts the rotational speed of the vacuum pump component 31 based on the pressure data.

[0100] In this embodiment, a dustproof component 33 is provided between the flange interface and the vacuum pump assembly 31 to filter dust particles and prevent damage to the vacuum pump assembly 31.

[0101] Example 4:

[0102] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic cell testing device simulating an extraterrestrial environment, used to perform performance testing on a photovoltaic cell module 1 under simulated extraterrestrial conditions. The photovoltaic cell testing device of this embodiment includes a main body 2, a vacuum simulation module 3, a temperature simulation module 4, a light simulation module 5, and an irradiation simulation module 6.

[0103] like Figure 8-12 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that in the temperature simulation module 4 of this embodiment, the heating component 41 of this embodiment includes a temperature control base plate 411 connected to the working platform 24 and a heating wire 412 arranged on the upper surface of the temperature control base plate 411. The temperature control base plate 411 is heated by electric heating, thereby regulating the temperature inside the entire main cavity 21.

[0104] The refrigeration component 42 in this embodiment mainly relies on liquid nitrogen for heat exchange and refrigeration. Specifically, the refrigeration component 42 includes a liquid nitrogen flow channel 421 arranged on the lower surface of the temperature control base plate 411 and an external liquid nitrogen Dewar canister 422. The liquid nitrogen Dewar canister 422 and the liquid nitrogen flow channel 421 are connected by a braided corrugated hose 423.

[0105] The upper surface of the temperature control base plate 411 in this embodiment is provided with mounting holes 4111 for connecting to the working platform 24 and heating wire channels 4112 for arranging heating wires 412. The temperature control base plate 411 and the working platform 24 are connected by mounting holes 4111 and bolts. The lower surface of the temperature control base plate 411 is provided with a liquid nitrogen channel 4114 adapted to the shape of the liquid nitrogen flow channel 421 and several supporting cylindrical holes 4115. The temperature control base plate 411 is connected to the lower functional flange 23 by several support rods 27 corresponding to the supporting cylindrical holes 4115.

[0106] To regulate the temperature within the main body 2 of the device, the temperature control component 43 in this embodiment includes a temperature sensor 431 mounted on the surface of the working platform 24 and an external temperature controller 432. The temperature sensor 431 and the heating wire 412 are connected to the temperature controller 432 via a temperature sensor feed flange 433 and a heating wire feed flange 413, respectively. The lower functional flange 23 in this embodiment is provided with a temperature sensor feed flange interface 231 corresponding to the temperature sensor feed flange 433, a heating wire feed flange interface 232 corresponding to the heating wire feed flange 413, and a liquid nitrogen inlet / outlet interface 235 corresponding to the braided corrugated hose 423.

[0107] Example 5:

[0108] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic cell testing device simulating an extraterrestrial environment, used to perform performance testing on a photovoltaic cell module 1 under simulated extraterrestrial conditions. The photovoltaic cell testing device of this embodiment includes a main body 2, a vacuum simulation module 3, a temperature simulation module 4, a light simulation module 5, and an irradiation simulation module 6.

[0109] The difference from Embodiment 4 is that, in order to reduce the impact of radiative heat transfer, a ring of cold screen 44 is also provided around the working platform 24 in this embodiment. The upper surface of the temperature control base plate 411 is provided with a cold screen channel 4113 for mounting the cold screen 44. The cold screen 44 is mounted on the cold screen channel 4113 and makes contact with the temperature control base plate 411 for heat transfer, which can reduce radiative heat transfer and make the temperature control effect better.

[0110] In order to connect the photovoltaic cell module 1 to the test line, the photovoltaic cell module 1 is connected to the photovoltaic cell test line through the photovoltaic cell wiring outlet 441 opened on the cold shield 44, and the lower functional flange 23 is provided with a photovoltaic cell test feedthrough flange interface 233 corresponding to the photovoltaic cell test line.

[0111] Example 6:

[0112] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic cell testing device simulating an extraterrestrial environment, used to perform performance testing on a photovoltaic cell module 1 under simulated extraterrestrial conditions. The photovoltaic cell testing device of this embodiment includes a main body 2, a vacuum simulation module 3, a temperature simulation module 4, a light simulation module 5, and an irradiation simulation module 6.

[0113] The difference from Example 1 is that, as Figure 13-14 As shown, in the illumination simulation module 5 of this embodiment, the xenon lamp light source 52 includes a xenon lamp box 521, an optical lens assembly 522 connected to the xenon lamp box 521, and a control power supply 523 for supplying power to the xenon lamp box 521. The control power supply 523 supplies power to the xenon lamp box 521, causing the xenon lamp bulb to emit light, which is then output as parallel light 524 through the optical lens assembly 522, which consists of a reflector, a concave lens, and a steering mirror. A filter 53 is detachably provided on the lens of the optical lens assembly 522 that outputs parallel light, which can correct the spectral curve of the xenon lamp light source 52.

[0114] In the irradiation simulation module 6 of this embodiment, the electron radiation source 61 can be an electron gun capable of emitting an electron beam with an energy of 100 keV, and the ultraviolet source 62 can be a commonly used ultraviolet lamp to emit ultraviolet irradiation, compensating for the lack of ultraviolet light source in the xenon lamp source 52. The upper functional flange 22 of this embodiment is provided with an electron radiation source interface 222 corresponding to the electron radiation source 61, and also with an ultraviolet source interface 223 corresponding to the ultraviolet source 62.

[0115] Example 7:

[0116] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic cell testing device simulating an extraterrestrial environment for testing the performance of a photovoltaic cell module 1 under simulated extraterrestrial conditions. The photovoltaic cell testing device of this embodiment includes a main body 2, a vacuum simulation module 3, a temperature simulation module 4, a light simulation module 5, and an irradiation simulation module 6. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the photovoltaic cell testing device of this embodiment further includes a monitoring module 7 for monitoring the photovoltaic cell module 1 during testing.

[0117] Specifically, such as Figure 15 As shown, the monitoring module 7 in this embodiment includes a camera mounting bracket 71 installed at the bottom of the upper functional flange 22 and an industrial camera 72 installed on the camera mounting bracket 71. The industrial camera 72 is connected to a cable feed flange 74 via a cable 73. The cable feed flange 74 is installed on the camera feed flange interface 224 opened on the upper functional flange 22. An external computer camera software is connected to output the real-time monitoring image of the photovoltaic cell module 1 in the main cavity 21.

[0118] Example 8:

[0119] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic cell testing device simulating an extraterrestrial environment, used to perform performance testing on a photovoltaic cell module 1 under simulated extraterrestrial conditions. The photovoltaic cell testing device of this embodiment includes a main body 2, a vacuum simulation module 3, a temperature simulation module 4, a light simulation module 5, and an irradiation simulation module 6.

[0120] The difference from Example 1 is that, as Figure 16 As shown, the photovoltaic cell module 1 in this embodiment specifically includes a photovoltaic panel support frame 11 and a photovoltaic cell array panel 12 disposed on the photovoltaic panel support frame 11. The photovoltaic cell array panel 12 is composed of a plurality of photovoltaic cells 13 evenly arranged and connected. The photovoltaic cell module 1 is connected to a photovoltaic cell test circuit, which is externally connected to an electrochemical workpiece for performance testing.

[0121] To achieve the radiation protection effect of photovoltaic module 1 in the performance test, such as Figure 17 As shown, the photovoltaic cell module 1 in this embodiment is equipped with a radiation protection module 8. For example... Figure 18 As shown, the radiation protection module 8 in this embodiment specifically includes a flexible polymer substrate 81, an electron radiation shielding layer 82, and an ultraviolet radiation protection layer 83, which are disposed layer by layer on the photovoltaic cell array panel 12 from bottom to top. The outermost ultraviolet radiation protection layer 83 can initially block ultraviolet radiation, the electron radiation shielding layer 82 absorbs and shields the remaining electron radiation, and the remaining visible light enters the surface of the photovoltaic cell array panel 12 through the highly transmittance flexible polymer substrate 81, achieving excellent radiation protection effect.

[0122] Example 9:

[0123] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic cell testing device simulating an extraterrestrial environment for testing the performance of a photovoltaic cell module 1 under simulated extraterrestrial conditions. The photovoltaic cell testing device of this embodiment includes a main body 2, a vacuum simulation module 3, a temperature simulation module 4, a light simulation module 5, and an irradiation simulation module 6. The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the photovoltaic cell testing device of this embodiment further includes a self-cleaning module 9 for cleaning the surface of the photovoltaic cell module 1, used to remove dust and debris from the surface of the photovoltaic cell module 1.

[0124] like Figures 19-20As shown, the self-cleaning module 9 of this embodiment includes ball screws 91 disposed on both sides of the photovoltaic cell module 1, ball screw nuts 92 disposed on the ball screws 91, couplers 93 disposed on the ball screw nuts 92, and cleaning brushes 94 disposed between the couplers 93 on both sides. Each ball screw 91 is connected to a lead screw stepper motor 95 for driving its rotation. The lead screw stepper motors 95 are symmetrically mounted on both sides of the photovoltaic cell module 1 via fixed brackets 96. The lower functional flange 23 is provided with a lead screw motor feedthrough flange interface 234 for connecting to the lead screw stepper motors 95.

[0125] During operation, the lead screw stepper motor 95 in this embodiment drives the ball screw 91 to rotate, and the ball screw nut 92, along with the coupler 93 and the cleaning brush 94, reciprocates to clean the surface of the photovoltaic cell module 1.

[0126] Example 10:

[0127] This embodiment provides a specific photovoltaic cell testing device for simulating an extraterrestrial environment. The photovoltaic cell testing device mainly includes a device body 2, a vacuum simulation module 3, a temperature simulation module 4, a light simulation module 5, an irradiation simulation module 6, a monitoring module 7, a self-cleaning module 9, and an anti-radiation module 8, which are used to perform performance testing on photovoltaic cell module 1 in a simulated extraterrestrial environment.

[0128] (1) The main body 2 of this embodiment is the main structure of the device. It contains a photovoltaic cell module 1. Various flange interfaces and pipe interfaces are reserved on the main body 2, which are externally connected to various structural components in modules such as vacuum simulation module 3, temperature simulation module 4, light simulation module 5 and irradiation simulation module 6.

[0129] The main body 2 of the device is designed as a cylindrical vertical structure, and the main body material is 304 stainless steel. The main cavity 21 of the main body 2 is a seamless steel pipe with an inner diameter of 400 mm and a wall thickness of 5 mm. Two CF400 knife-edge flanges 25 with an outer diameter of 426 mm and an inner diameter of 400 mm are welded to both ends of the seamless steel pipe 13. The two welded knife-edge flanges 25 are respectively connected to the upper functional flange 22 and the lower functional flange 23. The upper functional flange 22 and the lower functional flange 23 have reserved flange interfaces and pipe interfaces for external connection with other components.

[0130] The knife-edge flanges 25 welded at both ends of the main cavity 21 are sealed with oxygen-free copper ring gaskets 26. The oxygen-free copper ring gaskets 27 have an outer diameter of 426 mm, an inner diameter of 405 mm, and a thickness of 2.5 mm. The conical knife edges of the flanges on both sides cut into the plane of the gaskets to achieve a sealing effect.

[0131] (2) The vacuum simulation module 3 in this embodiment is used to simulate the vacuum environment on the surface of an alien in the simulation of alien extreme environment. The vacuum simulation module 3 is mainly composed of a vacuum pump assembly 31, a pressure measurement and control assembly 32 and a dustproof assembly.

[0132] The vacuum pump assembly 31 consists of a mechanical pump 311, a Roots pump 312, and a molecular pump 313. Four flange interfaces are welded to the four locations on the central wall of the main body 2. Two smaller CF50 flange interfaces (mechanical pump flange interface 211 and Roots pump flange interface 212) are connected to the mechanical pump 311 and Roots pump 312 respectively, while the two larger LF160 flange interfaces (molecular pump flange interface 213) are connected to the molecular pump 313. The mechanical pump 311 and the Roots pump 312 constitute a single-stage pump group, capable of increasing the pressure within the main chamber 21 from atmospheric pressure to 10... -3 The first-stage pressure drop is Pa; the two molecular pumps 313 constitute a second-stage pump group, which can realize the pressure in the main chamber 21 from 10 Pa. -3 Pa to 10 -6 The second-stage pressure drop of Pa eventually reaches the target vacuum level.

[0133] The pressure measurement and control assembly 32 consists of a vacuum gauge pressure sensor 321, an ionization gauge pressure sensor 322, and an external pump group controller. The vacuum gauge pressure sensor 321 is connected to the pressure sensor interface 221 (KF16 flange) on the main chamber 21 for monitoring rough vacuum pressure. The ionization gauge pressure sensor 322 is connected in series with the vacuum gauge pressure sensor 321 for monitoring high vacuum pressure. The monitoring data is fed back to the controller, and the external pump group controller adjusts the speed of the vacuum pump assembly 31 based on the pressure data.

[0134] Since the photovoltaic cell performance test in this embodiment involves simulating extraterrestrial dust, a dustproof component 33 needs to be installed between the main cavity 21 and the vacuum pump assembly 31 to filter out dust particles and avoid damaging the vacuum pump assembly 31. In this embodiment, a HEPA filter element is used as the dustproof component 33. A HEPA filter element is a high-efficiency particulate air filter that can filter fine particles. It attracts charged or electric-field-affected microparticles by generating an electric field, thereby effectively removing microparticles with a dust removal efficiency of up to 99%.

[0135] (3) The temperature simulation module 4 in this embodiment simulates the surface temperature of an alien in the extreme alien environment simulation. It is mainly composed of a working platform 24, a temperature control base plate 411, a heating wire feed flange interface 232, a temperature sensor feed flange interface 231, a liquid nitrogen inlet / outlet interface 35, a cold screen 44, a liquid nitrogen flow channel 421, a nickel-chromium heating wire 412, a heating wire feed flange 413, a temperature controller 432, a T-type temperature sensor 431, a temperature sensor feed flange 433, a braided corrugated hose 423, and a liquid nitrogen Dewar canister 422.

[0136] The temperature simulation module 4 is mainly located inside the main cavity 21 and is supported by four support rods 27. Its functions are primarily heating and cooling. Heating is achieved through electric heating, with a ring-shaped heating wire channel 4112 laid on the surface of the temperature control base plate 411. The channel is 1.5 mm wide and 1.5 mm thick. A nickel-chromium heating wire 412 with a steel fluoropolymer shell is arranged within the heating wire channel 4112. The steel fluoropolymer shell provides insulation and can withstand temperatures up to 400 ℃. The temperature control base plate 411 is tightly fitted to the upper working platform 24 through two central mounting holes 4111, creating a sealed space for the heating wire 412 for better heating performance. The heating wire 412 is connected to the external temperature controller 432 via a heating wire feedthrough flange 413 installed at the bottom of the main cavity 21. A surface-mount T-type temperature sensor 431 is attached to the surface of the working platform 24 and connected to the temperature sensor feedthrough flange 433 installed at the bottom of the main cavity 21, ultimately also connecting to the external temperature controller 432. The temperature controller 432 is connected to both the temperature sensor 431 and the heating wire 412 for PID control. After the temperature is set, the temperature controller 432 will automatically adjust the output power to the heating wire 412 to regulate the rise and stabilization of the temperature by changing the heating power.

[0137] The cooling function of the temperature simulation module 4 in this embodiment mainly relies on liquid nitrogen for heat exchange and cooling. The liquid nitrogen flow channel 421 adopts a "double-fold loop" layout, and the cross-sectional shape of the liquid nitrogen flow channel 421 is circular. The liquid nitrogen flow channel 421 is welded together with the liquid nitrogen channel 4114, which has the same shape as the bottom surface of the temperature control base plate 411, so as to make full contact and increase the contact area and improve the heat exchange effect. The liquid nitrogen flow channel 421 is connected to the liquid nitrogen inlet / outlet port 235 at the bottom of the main cavity 21 through the braided corrugated hose 423, and then externally connected to the liquid nitrogen Dewar jar 422. The liquid nitrogen is forced into the pipeline by the pressure in the liquid nitrogen Dewar jar 422, flows through the liquid nitrogen flow channel 421 for heat exchange, and is controlled by the expected temperature set by the temperature controller 432. At this time, the heating wire 412 also starts to work for thermal compensation, and finally the expected target temperature is reached.

[0138] Temperature simulation module 4 can achieve temperature control from -180℃ to 150℃ through the above heating and cooling methods. When controlling the temperature, temperature simulation module 4 controls the temperature of the working platform 24. The temperature of the cavity wall is room temperature, which differs significantly from the target temperature. The radiative heat transfer calculation is shown in formula (1), where Q is the heat transfer power (W), ε is the emissivity, and δ is the Stephen-Polhertz constant (5.67 × 10⁻⁶). -8 W•m -2 •K -4 S is the radiating surface area (m²) 2 T1 is the temperature of radiating surface 1 (K), and T2 is the temperature of radiating surface 2 (K).

[0139] Q=ε·δ·S· (T1 4 - T2 4 (1)

[0140] Therefore, a cooling screen 44 needs to be installed around the working platform 24 to reduce the impact of radiative heat transfer. The cooling screen 44 is installed on the cooling screen channel 4113 on the temperature control base plate 411, and makes contact with the temperature control base plate 411 for heat transfer. This forms a temperature gradient from the cavity wall to the cooling screen 44 and then to the working platform 24, reducing radiative heat transfer and improving the temperature control effect.

[0141] (4) The illumination simulation module 5 of this embodiment simulates the illumination conditions on the surface of an alien in the simulation of an alien extreme environment. It mainly consists of a xenon lamp light source 52, a filter 53 and an optical window 51 installed on the top of the main body 2 of the device.

[0142] The xenon lamp light source 52 mainly consists of a xenon lamp box 521, a control power supply 523, and an optical lens group 522. The control power supply 523 supplies power to the xenon lamp box 521, causing the xenon lamp bulb to emit light. Parallel light is then output through the optical lens group 522, which consists of mirrors, concave lenses, and directional mirrors.

[0143] The spectrum output by the xenon lamp light source 52 still differs from the actual spectrum and intensity on extraterrestrial surfaces, requiring adjustment. The intensity of the parallel light output by the xenon lamp light source 52 is adjusted by regulating the current output of the control power supply 523. Furthermore, the spectral curve of the xenon lamp light source 52 can be corrected by installing a filter 53 on the lens.

[0144] Furthermore, since the xenon lamp light source 52 is relatively large, it needs to be placed outside the main experimental cavity 21. Therefore, an optical window 51 needs to be installed on the upper functional flange 22 to guide parallel light into the main cavity 21. Traditional vacuum window glass cannot maintain high light transmittance across the entire wavelength range and has an absorption effect on some wavelengths of parallel light. Therefore, sapphire is selected as the material for the optical window 51 in this embodiment. Sapphire can achieve a light transmittance of over 90% in the 200~4000 nm wavelength range, and its strength is very high, making it an ideal vacuum window material.

[0145] (5) The irradiation simulation module 6 of this embodiment simulates the irradiation conditions on the surface of an alien in the simulation of an alien extreme environment. It mainly consists of an electron gun (i.e., an electron radiation source 61), an ultraviolet lamp (i.e., an ultraviolet source 62), and an electron radiation source interface 222 and an ultraviolet source interface 223 installed on the top of the main body 2 of the device.

[0146] The electron gun emits an electron beam with an energy of 100 keV, which is connected to the main cavity 21 via the electron radiation source interface 222. The ultraviolet lamp is connected to the main cavity 21 via the ultraviolet source interface 223, emitting ultraviolet radiation to compensate for the lack of ultraviolet light source coverage provided by the xenon lamp source 52. By simulating electron radiation and ultraviolet irradiation conditions, the surface material of the photovoltaic cell module 1 is modified, thereby affecting its performance and lifespan, and corresponding protection research is conducted.

[0147] (6) The monitoring module 7 in this embodiment mainly monitors the operation of the photovoltaic cell module 1 in the main cavity 21. It mainly consists of an industrial camera 72, two camera fixing brackets 71, a USB 3.0 micro cable 73 and a USB 3.0 cable feed flange 74.

[0148] The industrial camera 72 has a resolution of 2568×960 and a frame rate of 116FPS. It can operate in a vacuum environment to monitor the internal workings of the main cavity 21 in real time. Traditional devices typically use a side-opening vacuum window for observation, but this makes the structure of the main cavity 21 more complex and limits the field of view. A larger vacuum window also increases the cost. Using a vacuum industrial camera for observation not only provides a compact and flexible structure but also a wider field of view, while reducing stray light interference with photovoltaic experiments inside the main cavity 21.

[0149] The industrial camera 72 is fixed to the top of the main cavity 21 by the camera mounting bracket 71, and is connected to the cable feed flange 74 by the USB 3.0 micro cable 73. The cable feed flange 74 is installed on the camera feed flange interface 224 of the upper functional flange 22, and is connected to the computer camera software to output the real-time monitoring image inside the main cavity 21.

[0150] (7) The photovoltaic cell module 1 in this embodiment is mainly used as an experimental object to study its performance and service life. It is mainly composed of photovoltaic cell 13, photovoltaic cell array plate 12 and photovoltaic plate support frame 11.

[0151] Photovoltaic cells 13 are evenly arranged and connected to form a photovoltaic cell array panel 12, which receives parallel light emitted by the light simulation module 5 to generate photovoltaic power. The photovoltaic cell test circuit is connected to the photovoltaic cell wiring outlet 441 on the cold shield 44 and connected to the photovoltaic cell test feedthrough flange interface 233 at the bottom of the main cavity 21, and externally connected to the electrochemical workstation. The electrochemical workstation uses the linear voltammetric scanning method to test the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the photovoltaic cells 13 to analyze their working performance and service life.

[0152] The photovoltaic panel support frame 11 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy, which has good corrosion resistance and structural stability. The surface of the photovoltaic panel support frame 11 has an insulating coating, the photovoltaic cell array panel 12 is fixed on top, and mounting holes are provided around the perimeter to provide a mounting base for the self-cleaning module 9 and the radiation shielding module 8.

[0153] (8) The self-cleaning module 9 of this embodiment mainly cleans the dust and dirt on the surface of the photovoltaic cell module 1 to evaluate the cleaning and protection capabilities of the photovoltaic cell module 1. The self-cleaning module 9 of this embodiment mainly consists of two lead screw stepper motors 95, two ball screws 91, two ball screw nuts 92, two couplers 93, a cleaning brush 94, and four fixed brackets 96 installed on the photovoltaic panel support frame 11.

[0154] The lead screw stepper motor 95 is symmetrically installed on both sides of the photovoltaic cell array panel 12 via the fixed bracket 96. The lead screw stepper motor 95 drives the ball screw 91. The ball screw 91 is equipped with a ball screw nut 92, which is connected to the coupler 93. The couplers on both sides have openings. The two ends of the cleaning brush 94 are fixed to the coupler 93 by the screws on the top. The overall structure is symmetrical on both sides, keeping the two ends of the cleaning brush 94 horizontally aligned.

[0155] The lead screw stepper motor 95 is controlled based on the feedback from the monitoring module 7. When the dust concentration on the surface of the photovoltaic array panel 12 exceeds a set threshold, the motor starts working. The motor drives the ball screw 91 to rotate, and the ball screw nut 92 reciprocates along the ball screw 91. The ball screw nut 92, connected to the coupler 93, drives the cleaning brush 94 to reciprocate together, cleaning the surface of the photovoltaic array panel 12. When the dust concentration on the surface of the photovoltaic array panel 12 is detected to be lower than the set threshold, the motor stops working once the cleaning brush 94 has moved to the outermost position.

[0156] (9) The radiation protection module 8 in this embodiment mainly sprays a coating on the surface of the photovoltaic cell module 1 to achieve the radiation protection effect. It is mainly composed of an ultraviolet radiation protection layer 83, an electronic radiation shielding layer 82 and a flexible polymer substrate 81.

[0157] The ultraviolet radiation protection layer 83 uses Ce-TiO2 nano-coating as the main material, mainly through Ce 3+ / Ce 4+ The electron transitions of the electron absorb light in the ultraviolet band, with a blocking rate of >98%. At the same time, the carrier concentration of TiO2 increases after doping with Ce, which reduces resistivity and can reflect some electromagnetic waves.

[0158] The electron radiation shielding layer 82 employs a silver nanowire-ATO composite conductive network. The silver nanowires form a highly conductive network that shields high-frequency electron radiation. ATO nanoparticles fill the gaps between the silver nanowires, enhancing the electron radiation shielding layer 82's ability to scatter low-energy electrons while simultaneously improving visible light transmittance.

[0159] The flexible polymer substrate 81 is mainly made of polycarbonate, an excellent light-transmitting material with a light transmittance of over 90%, meeting the light requirements of photovoltaic power generation. The flexible polymer substrate 81 is installed and fixed on the photovoltaic cell array panel 12, providing mechanical strength and flexibility for the entire radiation shielding module 8, ensuring the stability and durability of the device during cleaning operations.

[0160] The radiation shielding module 8 is composed of a three-layer composite structure. First, an ultraviolet radiation shielding layer 83 blocks ultraviolet radiation and reflects some electromagnetic waves. Next, an electron radiation shielding layer 82 absorbs and shields the remaining electron radiation. After these two layers, most of the ultraviolet and electron radiation can be blocked. Finally, the remaining visible light passes through a high-transmittance flexible polymer substrate 81 and enters the photovoltaic cell surface. By adjusting the thickness of each layer, the overall light transmittance of the radiation shielding module 8 can be stabilized at 85%~90%, minimizing the impact on the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell array panel 12 while achieving excellent radiation shielding performance.

[0161] The photovoltaic cell testing device in this embodiment performs photovoltaic cell performance testing in a simulated extraterrestrial environment as follows:

[0162] S1: Design the test plan and check the performance of each system of the device before the test;

[0163] S2: Turn on the photovoltaic cell testing device and place the photovoltaic cell module 1 to be tested on the working platform 24;

[0164] S3: Spread the prepared simulated alien soil sample on photovoltaic cell module 1;

[0165] S4: After sealing the main body 2 of the device, begin the test;

[0166] S5: Activate vacuum simulation module 3 and evacuate to 10°C. -6 Pa;

[0167] S6: Simultaneously activate the temperature simulation module 4 to control the temperature of the working platform 24 and detect the temperature of the photovoltaic cell array panel 12.

[0168] S7: After reaching the target test temperature, turn on the light simulation module 5 to test the photovoltaic cell performance data I;

[0169] S8: Enable irradiation simulation module 6 to test photovoltaic cell performance data II;

[0170] S9: Activate monitoring module 7. When a large amount of dust sample is detected on the photovoltaic array panel 12 and needs to be cleaned, activate self-cleaning module 9.

[0171] S10: After the dust sample is detected to have been cleaned, turn off the self-cleaning module 9 and test the photovoltaic cell performance data III;

[0172] S11: Turn off vacuum simulation module 3, temperature simulation module 4, light simulation module 5 and irradiation simulation module 6;

[0173] S12: After vacuum repressurization and temperature recovery, open the main body 2 of the device, clean the residual dust sample in the device, and complete the test process;

[0174] S13: Analyze and process photovoltaic cell performance data I, II, and III to evaluate the cleaning and protection capabilities of photovoltaic cell module 1.

[0175] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the utility model. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be easily made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present utility model without departing from its scope should be within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic cell testing device under simulated extraterrestrial environment for testing the performance of a photovoltaic cell assembly (1) under simulated extraterrestrial environment, characterized in that, include: The main body of the device (2) includes a main cavity (21) and an upper functional flange (22) and a lower functional flange (23) respectively located at the top and bottom of the main cavity (21). The main cavity (21) is provided with a working platform (24) for loading photovoltaic cell modules (1). The vacuum simulation module (3) is used to simulate the vacuum environment of the surface of an alien planet in the main cavity (21). It includes a vacuum pump assembly (31) connected to the main cavity (21) and a pressure measurement and control assembly (32) for detecting the vacuum level in the main cavity (21). Temperature simulation module (4) is used to simulate the ambient temperature of an alien surface in the main cavity (21). It includes a heating component (41), a cooling component (42) and a temperature control component (43) connected to the working platform (24). The illumination simulation module (5) is used to simulate the illumination conditions on the surface of an alien planet. It includes an optical window (51) opened on the upper functional flange (22) and a xenon lamp light source (52) that introduces parallel light into the main body (2) of the device through the optical window (51). The irradiation simulation module (6) is used to simulate the irradiation conditions on the surface of an alien planet. It includes an electron radiation source (61) and an ultraviolet source (62) located on the upper functional flange (22).

2. The photovoltaic cell testing device under simulated extraterrestrial environment according to claim 1, wherein, The main cavity (21) is a columnar structure. Both the upper and lower ends of the main cavity (21) are welded with knife-edge flanges (25). Gaskets (26) are provided between the upper functional flange (22) and the lower functional flange (23) and the knife-edge flange (25).

3. The photovoltaic cell testing device under simulated extraterrestrial environment according to claim 1, wherein, The vacuum pump assembly (31) includes a mechanical pump (311), a Roots pump (312), and at least one molecular pump (313); the side wall of the main cavity (21) is provided with a mechanical pump flange interface (211) for connecting to the mechanical pump (311), a Roots pump flange interface (212) for connecting to the Roots pump (312), and a molecular pump flange interface (213) for connecting to the molecular pump (313), and a dustproof component (33) is provided between the flange interface and the vacuum pump assembly (31); The pressure measurement and control component (32) includes a vacuum gauge pressure sensor (321) and an ionization gauge pressure sensor (322) connected in series, both of which are connected to an external pump group controller; the upper functional flange (22) is provided with a pressure sensor interface (221) connected to the vacuum gauge pressure sensor (321).

4. The photovoltaic cell testing device under simulated extraterrestrial environment according to claim 1, wherein, The heating assembly (41) includes a temperature control base plate (411) connected to the working platform (24) and heating wires (412) arranged on the upper surface of the temperature control base plate (411). The refrigeration assembly (42) includes a liquid nitrogen channel (421) arranged on the lower surface of the temperature control base plate (411) and an external liquid nitrogen Dewar canister (422). The liquid nitrogen Dewar canister (422) and the liquid nitrogen channel (421) are connected by a braided corrugated hose (423). The temperature control component (43) includes a temperature sensor (431) disposed on the surface of the work platform (24) and an external temperature controller (432); the temperature sensor (431) and the heating wire (412) are respectively connected to the temperature controller (432) through the temperature sensor feed flange (433) and the heating wire feed flange (413); The work platform (24) is surrounded by a cold screen (44), and the photovoltaic cell module (1) is connected to the photovoltaic cell test line through the photovoltaic cell wiring outlet (441) opened on the cold screen (44).

5. The photovoltaic cell testing device under simulated extraterrestrial environment according to claim 4, wherein, The upper surface of the temperature control base plate (411) is provided with mounting holes (4111) for connecting to the working platform (24), heating wire channels (4112) for arranging heating wires (412), and cold screen channels (4113) for installing cold screens (44). The lower surface of the temperature control base plate (411) is provided with a liquid nitrogen channel (4114) adapted to the shape of the liquid nitrogen flow channel (421) and a number of supporting cylindrical holes (4115). The temperature control base plate (411) is connected to the lower functional flange (23) through a number of supporting rods (27) corresponding to the supporting cylindrical holes (4115). The lower functional flange (23) is provided with a temperature sensor feed-through flange interface (231) corresponding to the temperature sensor feed-through flange (433), a heating wire feed-through flange interface (232) corresponding to the heating wire feed-through flange (413), a photovoltaic cell test feed-through flange interface (233) corresponding to the photovoltaic cell test circuit, and a liquid nitrogen inlet / outlet interface (235) corresponding to the braided corrugated hose (423).

6. The photovoltaic cell testing device under simulated extraterrestrial environment according to claim 1, wherein, The xenon lamp light source (52) includes a xenon lamp box (521), an optical lens assembly (522) connected to the xenon lamp box (521), and a control power supply (523) for supplying power to the xenon lamp box (521). A filter (53) is detachably provided on the lens of the optical lens assembly (522) that outputs parallel light. The upper functional flange (22) is provided with an electronic radiation source interface (222) corresponding to the electronic radiation source (61) and an ultraviolet source interface (223) corresponding to the ultraviolet source (62).

7. The photovoltaic cell testing device under simulated extraterrestrial environment according to claim 1, wherein, The photovoltaic cell testing device also includes a monitoring module (7) for monitoring the photovoltaic cell module (1) during testing. The monitoring module (7) includes a camera mounting bracket (71) installed at the bottom of the upper functional flange (22) and an industrial camera (72) mounted on the camera mounting bracket (71). The industrial camera (72) is connected to the cable feed flange (74) via a cable (73), and the cable feed flange (74) is installed on the camera feed flange interface (224) opened on the upper functional flange (22).

8. The photovoltaic cell testing device under simulated extraterrestrial environment according to claim 1, wherein, The photovoltaic cell module (1) includes a photovoltaic panel support frame (11) and a photovoltaic cell array panel (12) disposed on the photovoltaic panel support frame (11). The photovoltaic cell array panel (12) is composed of a number of photovoltaic cells (13) evenly arranged and connected.

9. The photovoltaic cell testing device under simulated extraterrestrial environment according to claim 1, wherein, The photovoltaic cell module (1) is equipped with a radiation protection module (8); The radiation protection module (8) includes a flexible polymer substrate (81), an electron radiation shielding layer (82), and an ultraviolet radiation protection layer (83) arranged layer by layer on the photovoltaic cell module (1) from bottom to top.

10. The photovoltaic cell testing device under simulated extraterrestrial environment according to claim 1, wherein, The photovoltaic cell testing device also includes a self-cleaning module (9) for cleaning the surface of the photovoltaic cell module (1). The self-cleaning module (9) includes ball screws (91) on both sides of the photovoltaic cell module (1), ball screw nuts (92) on the ball screws (91), couplers (93) on the ball screw nuts (92), and cleaning brushes (94) between the couplers (93) on both sides. Each ball screw (91) is connected to a screw stepper motor (95) for driving its rotation. The lead screw stepper motor (95) is symmetrically mounted on both sides of the photovoltaic cell module (1) via a fixed bracket (96). The lower functional flange (23) is provided with a lead screw motor feedthrough flange interface (234) for connecting to the lead screw stepper motor (95).

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