Gasification reactor with distributor convenient to maintain

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of petrochemical equipment, in particular to a gasification reactor with a distributor convenient to maintain, which comprises a vertical barrel, a distribution plate is arranged in the barrel and divides the barrel into a mixing chamber and a gas inlet chamber which are arranged up and down, the mixing chamber is communicated with a feed pipe and a discharge pipe, the gas inlet chamber is communicated with a gas inlet pipe, and the gas inlet pipe is communicated with a gas outlet pipe. A plurality of vent holes are formed in the distribution plate. A steel plate is attached to the top of the distribution plate, the steel plate is fastened through a screw or a stud, and a plurality of air passing holes aligned with the vent holes one by one are formed in the steel plate; a plurality of air caps are arranged at the top of the steel plate, and the air caps and the air passing holes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode; the side edge of the air cap is welded and fixed to the steel plate. Compared with the prior art, the steel plate is fastened on the upper surface of the distribution plate through the screws, and the steel plate is welded with the gas cap, so that surface residual stress accumulation caused by direct welding of the gas cap on the distribution plate can be avoided, the deformation of the distribution plate is reduced, the steel plate and the gas cap on the steel plate can be disassembled by unscrewing the screws, and cleaning and maintenance are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of petrochemical equipment technology, specifically to a gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor. Background Technology

[0002] Fluidized bed reactors are typically vertically installed devices with a gas distributor at the bottom, riddled with distribution holes. This distributor optimizes gas flow, allowing the rising gas to form a well-fluidized gas-solid contact with the incoming material, supporting long-term reaction cycles and preventing material from entering the gas chamber below the distributor under any operating condition. Gas distributors are widely used in energy and chemical industries such as olefin polymerization, hydrogenation, and coal gasification. Gas distributor technology is also applied to process equipment in drying and separation processes. Therefore, the reaction distributor is a key structural component of gas-phase reactors.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN111298728B discloses a gas distributor and its application in an HCl oxidation fluidized bed. The gas distributor includes a gas distribution plate, which is divided into a circular central area and an annular sidewall area. Air inlets are evenly distributed on the gas distribution plate, and each air inlet is sealed with a porous vent cap above it by a metal cover plate. The porous vent cap is a SiC porous sintered vent cap. The angle between the inclined surface of the porous vent cap in the central area and the horizontal direction is smaller than that in the sidewall area, and the wall thickness of the porous vent cap in the central area is greater than that in the sidewall area. This method can solve the technical problems of uneven gas distribution in fluidized beds, poor fluidization quality, erosion and corrosion of reactor internals, and catalyst wear and pulverization.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent document CN215540726U discloses a gas distributor and a fluidized bed reactor using the gas distributor, including a distribution plate with multiple air vents on the distribution plate, and a cap disposed below the distribution plate with its opening facing upward. The cap corresponds to the air vents, and multiple air guide holes are provided on the side wall of the cap. A baffle is provided inside the cap, located around the air guide holes. A channel for gas to pass through is left between the baffle and the air guide holes, and the gas discharged from the air guide holes is guided downward.

[0005] However, for the connection between the gas cap and the distribution plate, existing technologies generally use half-pipe sections as gas caps, which are directly welded to the top of the distribution plate. The densely arranged half-pipe section gas caps are continuously welded to the top surface of the distribution plate on both sides to achieve a seal, allowing hydrocarbon gas to be ejected only from both ends of the gas caps. The thermal expansion and contraction of numerous welds can cause residual stress to accumulate on the surface of the distribution plate. The difference in stress levels between the upper and lower surfaces of a thick plate can even make the distribution plate prone to non-planar deformation. Some technologies use clip-on fixing for the gas caps, but this structure is not stable enough and is prone to vibration. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor is provided, comprising a vertical cylindrical body, a distribution plate disposed inside the cylindrical body, the distribution plate dividing the cylindrical body into a mixing chamber and an inlet chamber arranged vertically, the mixing chamber being connected to a feed pipe and a discharge pipe, the inlet chamber being connected to an inlet pipe, and the distribution plate being provided with multiple vent holes, thereby connecting the mixing chamber and the inlet chamber; characterized in that:

[0009] A steel plate is attached to the top of the distribution plate and is fastened to the distribution plate by screws or studs. The steel plate has multiple air holes with one-to-one alignment of the air holes. The top of the steel plate is provided with multiple air caps, and the multiple air caps are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple air holes.

[0010] Each gas cap is in the shape of a long arc, and the two long sides of the gas cap are welded and fixed to the steel plate, so that the gas cap and the steel plate together form a jet channel. The air inlet chamber, air vent, air passage, jet channel and mixing chamber are connected in sequence.

[0011] As a further alternative, the steel plate may be a single piece of plate structure, or the steel plate may comprise multiple modular plates.

[0012] As a further alternative, the inner wall of the cylinder is provided with a clamping structure for fixing the distribution plate.

[0013] As a further alternative, the clamping structure includes a support ring and a clamping ring welded to the inner wall of the cylinder, with the support ring facing upward to support the bottom periphery of the distribution plate and the clamping ring facing downward to press down on the top periphery of the distribution plate.

[0014] As a further optional solution, a positioning groove is provided on the top periphery of the distribution plate, and the clamping ring is embedded in the positioning groove.

[0015] As a further alternative, multiple vents are evenly distributed in an equilateral triangle on the distribution plate, with each air cap arranged along the sides of the triangle; multiple air caps are arranged in multiple rows, and the tilting directions of adjacent rows of air caps are different.

[0016] As a further alternative, the air cap is a semi-circular arc plate that is cut in half along a cross-section passing through the center line of a circular tube, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the jet passage is equal everywhere.

[0017] As a further alternative, the cross-sectional area of ​​the jet passage is gradually varied along its length.

[0018] As a further alternative, the cross-sectional area of ​​the jet passage gradually changes from the middle to both ends.

[0019] As a further alternative, both ends of the jet passage are connected to the mixing chamber, or only one end of the jet passage is connected to the mixing chamber.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0021] This utility model discloses a gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor. Compared with the prior art, the steel plate is fastened to the upper surface of the distributor plate with screws, and the steel plate is welded to the gas cap. Therefore, it can avoid the accumulation of residual stress on the surface caused by directly welding the gas cap to the distributor plate, reduce the deformation of the distributor plate, and the steel plate and the gas cap can be removed by unscrewing the screws, which is convenient for cleaning and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments in the drawings do not constitute any limitation on the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the following drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor, as shown in the embodiment.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the distributor in the embodiment.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another internal structure of the distributor in the embodiment, and... Figure 2 The difference lies in the fact that the studs replace the screws.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the vent, air passage, and air cap in the embodiment.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first type of air cap in the embodiment.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second type of air cap in the embodiment.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the third type of air cap in the embodiment.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth type of air cap in the embodiment.

[0031] Figure label:

[0032] 1. Cylinder body; 11. Mixing chamber; 12. Air inlet chamber; 13. Feed pipe; 14. Discharge pipe; 15. Air inlet pipe;

[0033] Distribution plate 2, vent 21, positioning groove 22;

[0034] 3 steel plates, 31 vent holes, 4 screws, 41 studs;

[0035] Air cap 5, jet channel 51;

[0036] Support ring 6, clamping ring 7. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0038] This embodiment provides a gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a vertical cylinder 1, inside which a distribution plate 2 is provided. The distribution plate 2 divides the cylinder 1 into a mixing chamber 11 and an air inlet chamber 12 arranged vertically. The mixing chamber 11 is connected to a feed pipe 13 and a discharge pipe 14, and the air inlet chamber 12 is connected to an air inlet pipe 15. The distribution plate 2 is provided with multiple vent holes 21, thereby connecting the mixing chamber 11 and the air inlet chamber 12.

[0039] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a steel plate 3 is attached to the top of the distribution plate 2. The steel plate 3 is fastened to the distribution plate 2 by screws 4. The steel plate 3 has multiple air passages 31 aligned with the air vents 21, and the air passages 31 are coaxial and have the same diameter as the air vents 21. Multiple air caps 5 are provided on the top of the steel plate 3, and the multiple air caps 5 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple air passages 31. Each air cap 5 is in the shape of a long arc, and the two long sides of the air cap 5 are welded and fixed to the steel plate 3, so that the air caps 5 and the steel plate 3 together form a jet channel 51. The air inlet chamber 12, air vents 21, air passages 31, jet channel 51, and mixing chamber 11 are sequentially connected. Both ends of the jet channel 51 are connected to the mixing chamber 11, or only one end of the jet channel 51 is connected to the mixing chamber 11.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, the screws are replaced with studs 41. The steel plate 3 is fastened to the distribution plate 2 by studs 41 and double nuts. The lower end of the stud 41 is threaded to the distribution plate 2, or welded. Welding provides higher strength and better resists the upward thrust of airflow through the air cap 5. The number of studs 41 is small, far less than the number of air caps 5, and their welded connection will not deform the distribution plate.

[0041] In this embodiment, the inner wall of the cylinder 1 is provided with a clamping structure for fixing the distribution plate 2. The clamping structure includes a support ring 6 and a clamping ring 7 welded and fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder 1. The support ring 6 faces upward to support the bottom periphery of the distribution plate 2, and the clamping ring 7 faces downward to press down on the top periphery of the distribution plate 2. A positioning groove 22 is provided on the top periphery of the distribution plate 2, and the clamping ring 7 is embedded in the positioning groove 22. This clamping structure serves two purposes: first, to ensure that the assembly can proceed smoothly within the design tolerances during manufacturing and assembly, avoiding excessive unevenness in the circular flat plate distribution plate 2 when only the lower support ring 6 is present; second, to clamp the distribution plate 2 to prevent it from shaking due to upward airflow pressure difference or structural vibration during operation, which would affect the fluidized bed state. This vertical clamping connection between the distribution plate 2 and the cylinder 1, due to its circumferential continuity, is treated as a simply supported boundary during design verification, which is more conservative than the calculation results of a simply supported boundary and is more suitable for engineering purposes. Since the distribution plate 2 is a circular plate with a diameter of nearly 5m, the simply supported boundary makes the stress level in the middle region relatively high. Whether designed and calculated according to mechanical formulas or the finite element method, its nominal wall thickness is very thick.

[0042] In this embodiment, the steel plate 3 is a single plate structure. In practice, the steel plate 3 can be modified to include multiple modular plates, so that only part of the gas cap 5 can be removed.

[0043] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 As shown, multiple vent holes 21 are evenly distributed in an equilateral triangle on the distribution plate 2. Similarly, the vent holes 31 on the steel plate 3 are also distributed in the same way. Each air cap 5 is arranged along the side of the triangle. Multiple air caps 5 are arranged in multiple rows, and the tilting directions of adjacent rows of air caps 5 are different.

[0044] like Figure 5 As shown, in the first configuration of the air cap 5, the air cap 5 is a semi-circular arc plate bisected by a cross-section passing through the centerline of a circular tube, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the jet passage 51 is equal everywhere. It can be referred to as a semi-circular tube passing through the centerline.

[0045] like Figure 6 As shown, this is the second type of air cap 5, where the cross-section intersects the centerline of the circular tube at an angle, thus making the cross-sectional area of ​​the jet channel 51 gradually change along its length. During welding, the cross-section is flush with the top surface of the steel plate 3. This type of jet channel 51 has a certain slope, resulting in smoother airflow, reduced pressure drop, and greater energy efficiency. The same applies below.

[0046] like Figure 7 As shown, as a third type of air cap 5, the cross-sectional area of ​​the jet channel 51 gradually changes from the middle to both ends. This is equivalent to two... Figure 6 The structures shown are used in combination.

[0047] like Figure 8As shown, as the fourth type of air cap 5, the cross section not only intersects the center line of the circular tube at an angle, but is also diagonally tangent to both ends of the circular tube, so that two air caps 5 can be cut out from a section of the circular tube.

[0048] In the description of this utility model, it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0049] Therefore, the above detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "middle," "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0051] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. They can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. They can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a connection within two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. A gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor, comprising a vertical cylindrical body (1), a distribution plate (2) disposed inside the cylindrical body (1), the distribution plate (2) dividing the cylindrical body (1) into a mixing chamber (11) and an inlet chamber (12) arranged vertically, the mixing chamber (11) being connected to a feed pipe (13) and a discharge pipe (14), the inlet chamber (12) being connected to an inlet pipe (15), and the distribution plate (2) being provided with a plurality of vent holes (21) thereby connecting the mixing chamber (11) and the inlet chamber (12); characterized in that: A steel plate (3) is attached to the top of the distribution plate (2). The steel plate (3) is fastened to the distribution plate (2) by screws (4) or studs (41). The steel plate (3) has multiple air holes (31) that are aligned with the air holes (21). The top of the steel plate (3) is provided with multiple air caps (5), and the multiple air caps (5) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple air holes (31). Each air cap (5) is in the shape of a long arc. The two long sides of the air cap (5) are welded and fixed to the steel plate (3), so that the air cap (5) and the steel plate (3) together form the jet channel (51). The air inlet chamber (12), the air vent (21), the air passage (31), the jet channel (51) and the mixing chamber (11) are connected in sequence.

2. The gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel plate (3) is a single plate structure, or the steel plate (3) comprises multiple modular plates.

3. The gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the cylinder (1) is provided with a clamping structure for fixing the distribution plate (2).

4. A gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The clamping structure includes a support ring (6) and a clamping ring (7) welded and fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder (1). The support ring (6) faces upward to support the bottom periphery of the distribution plate (2), and the clamping ring (7) faces downward to press the top periphery of the distribution plate (2).

5. A gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top periphery of the distribution plate (2) is provided with a positioning groove (22), and the clamping ring (7) is embedded in the positioning groove (22).

6. A gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple vents (21) are evenly distributed in an equilateral triangle on the distribution plate (2), and each air cap (5) is arranged along the side of the triangle; multiple air caps (5) are arranged in multiple rows, and the tilting directions of adjacent rows of air caps (5) are different.

7. A gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air cap (5) is a semi-circular arc plate that is cut in half along the cross section passing through the center line of the circular tube, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the jet channel (51) is equal everywhere.

8. A gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the jet passage (51) is gradually changed along the length direction.

9. A gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the jet passage (51) gradually changes from the middle to both ends.

10. A gasification reactor with an easy-to-maintain distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the jet passage (51) are connected to the mixing chamber (11), or only one end of the jet passage (51) is connected to the mixing chamber (11).

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