Hydrothermal salt migration determination test device for simulating external environment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hydrothermal salt migration determination test device for simulating an external environment, which comprises a constant temperature box for providing a constant temperature test environment; the rainfall simulation device is arranged at the top of the constant-temperature box and used for simulating an external rainfall environment, and the rainfall simulation device controls the rainfall capacity, the rainfall speed and the rainfall duration through an external controller; the soil column model device is arranged on the inner side of the constant-temperature box and used for containing a test soil sample, a soil column model is arranged in the soil column model device and serves as the test soil sample, a heat preservation layer is arranged on the outer surface of the soil column model, and a glass cover covers the outer side of the soil column model in an attached mode. By integrating the rainfall simulation device, the solar radiation simulation device and the water level simulation device, comprehensive simulation of various external environment factors is realized, the limitation that only a single environment factor can be simulated in the prior art is overcome, the test condition is closer to the actual engineering environment, and the test efficiency is improved. And the reliability and the practical value of a test result are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of geotechnical model testing technology, specifically to a test device for measuring hydrothermal salt migration in a simulated external environment. Background Technology

[0002] Rainfall and solar radiation are common natural phenomena. These changes in the external environment cause physical and chemical phenomena in the soil, such as water infiltration and radiation evaporation, which affect the distribution of moisture, temperature, and salinity in the soil, thereby altering the stability and safety of the soil structure. In engineering fields such as the protection of earthen sites, slope stability analysis, and roadbed strength and stability analysis, accurately understanding the changes in water, heat, and salinity over time is of great significance for engineering practice.

[0003] Currently, most devices for measuring soil hydrothermal salt content focus on controlling single conditions, such as studying only temperature changes or water infiltration, lacking consideration of the combined effects of multiple environmental factors. Furthermore, existing simulations of hydrothermal salt migration processes lack standardized protocols, and measurement methods often employ small sampling tools to collect soil from different areas from the bottom up. This method easily disturbs the soil, affecting the accuracy of the measurement results. Simultaneously, existing technologies struggle to achieve real-time monitoring of hydrothermal salt migration under multiple environmental conditions, failing to meet the needs for dynamic monitoring and analysis of hydrothermal salt content within the soil over long periods.

[0004] Currently, there are few devices available for studying soil water, heat, and salt migration under various external environments such as rainfall and solar radiation, making it difficult to achieve more effective indoor experimental simulations and understand the migration patterns within the soil. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device that can effectively measure soil water, heat, and salt migration under multiple environments, which is of great significance for subsequent research on stability and safety countermeasures in practical engineering projects. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a test device for measuring hydrothermal salt migration in a simulated external environment, so as to solve the problems of existing soil hydrothermal salt measuring devices mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a hydrothermal salt migration measurement experimental device simulating the external environment, comprising:

[0007] A constant temperature chamber is used to provide a constant temperature testing environment.

[0008] A rainfall simulation device is installed on top of the constant temperature chamber to simulate the external rainfall environment. The rainfall simulation device controls the rainfall amount, rainfall speed and rainfall duration through an external controller.

[0009] A soil column model device is set inside the constant temperature chamber for placing test soil samples. The soil column model device contains a soil column model as the test soil sample. The outer surface of the soil column model is provided with an insulation layer, and a glass cover is attached to the outside of the soil column model.

[0010] A solar radiation simulation device is installed on the top of the constant temperature chamber and includes at least one set of infrared irradiation lamps. The infrared irradiation lamps are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the soil column model device. By adjusting the light intensity, irradiation duration and radiation angle of the irradiation lamps, the temperature gradient of the soil column model in the soil column model device is controlled to simulate the effect of solar radiation on the soil column model.

[0011] A hydrothermal salt migration monitoring device is installed on the glass cover to monitor the distribution and changes of moisture, temperature and salt in the soil column model along the height of the soil column in real time. The hydrothermal salt migration monitoring device includes several sets of mounting ports on the glass cover, temperature sensors, humidity sensors and salt sensors. The several sets of mounting ports are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the soil column model. The temperature sensors, humidity sensors and salt sensors are connected to the several sets of mounting ports.

[0012] A water level simulation device is installed at the bottom of the constant temperature chamber to simulate groundwater level and water replenishment. The water level simulation device includes a push-pull chassis and a water tank installed on the top of the push-pull chassis. The water level in the water tank is adjustable to simulate the dynamic changes in water during groundwater replenishment and evaporation.

[0013] A data acquisition and analysis device is connected to the temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and salinity sensor to collect data from the monitoring device. The data acquisition and analysis device processes the collected data and outputs data on changes in moisture content, temperature, and salinity.

[0014] Preferably, the rainfall simulation device includes rainfall output ports, which are symmetrically distributed above the soil column model device, and the external controller is used to control the rainfall to be adjustable within the range of 0-100 mm / h.

[0015] Preferably, the soil column model is cylindrical, with a height of 50-100cm and a diameter of 10-20cm, the insulation layer is made of insulation cotton, and the glass cover is made of plexiglass.

[0016] Preferably, the constant temperature chamber has a double-leaf door on the front, and the double-leaf door has a pre-drilled hole for the sensor data cable to pass through.

[0017] Preferably, the height of the water tank does not exceed 1 / 6 of the height of the soil column model, and a circular base for placing the soil column model is provided in the middle of the water tank.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0019] 1) This application integrates a rainfall simulation device, a solar radiation simulation device, and a water level simulation device to achieve comprehensive simulation of multiple external environmental factors. This application overcomes the limitation of existing technologies that can only simulate a single environmental factor, making the test conditions closer to the actual engineering environment and improving the reliability and practical value of the test results.

[0020] 2) This application uses temperature sensors, humidity sensors and salinity sensors arranged at equal intervals along the axis of the soil column to realize real-time monitoring of changes in water, heat and salt inside the soil. This non-destructive measurement method avoids the disturbance to the soil structure caused by traditional sampling methods. At the same time, the dynamic change process of water, heat and salt migration is obtained through continuous monitoring, providing reliable data support for in-depth research on the migration law inside the soil.

[0021] 3) This application innovatively uses a calibration equation to calculate the salt content. By measuring the dielectric constant and conductivity, and combining the calibration coefficients obtained by the least squares method, the indirect measurement of salt content is realized. This method not only improves the measurement accuracy, but also realizes real-time monitoring of salt content, overcoming the disadvantage of the traditional method that requires destructive sampling, and providing the possibility for long-term monitoring.

[0022] 4) The overall structure of this application is reasonably designed, each functional module can be controlled independently, and the operation is convenient. Parameters such as rainfall and radiation intensity can be precisely adjusted through an external controller. The equipment is easy to disassemble and maintain, and it also has good environmental protection and economy. These features make this utility model not only suitable for scientific research experiments, but also applicable to monitoring and analysis in actual engineering projects. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a front structural sectional view of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a front view of this application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a top view of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a front view of the glass cover of this application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the data acquisition and analysis device and the hydrothermal salt migration monitoring device of this application;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the hydrothermal salt migration determination method of this application.

[0029] In the picture:

[0030] 1. Rainfall simulation device; 11. Rainfall output port;

[0031] 2. Solar radiation simulation device; 21. Infrared irradiation lamp;

[0032] 3. Soil column model device; 31. Soil column model; 32. Insulation layer; 33. Glass cover;

[0033] 4. Incubator; 41. Double-leaf door; 42. Wiring hole;

[0034] 5. Hydrothermal salt migration monitoring device; 51. Temperature sensor; 52. Humidity sensor;

[0035] 53. Salt sensor;

[0036] 6. Water level simulation device; 61. Push-pull chassis; 62. Water tank; 63. Circular base;

[0037] 7. Data acquisition and analysis device. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0039] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "both ends," "one end," and "the other end," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used solely for the convenience of describing this utility model and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," and "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0041] In the description of the utility model, it should be noted that the execution order of the steps is not limited by the sequence number. The possible changes in the order of some steps, the synchronous execution of steps, and the split execution of steps are all within the protection scope of this application.

[0042] Please see Figure 1-6 This utility model provides a technical solution: a test device for measuring hydrothermal salt migration in a simulated external environment, comprising:

[0043] Incubator 4 is used to provide a constant temperature testing environment;

[0044] Rainfall simulation device 1 is installed on top of constant temperature chamber 4 to simulate external rainfall environment. Rainfall simulation device 1 controls rainfall amount, rainfall speed and rainfall duration through external controller.

[0045] The soil column model device 3 is set inside the constant temperature chamber 4 and is used to place the test soil sample. The soil column model device 3 contains a soil column model 31 as the test soil sample. The outer surface of the soil column model 31 is provided with a heat insulation layer 32, and a glass cover 33 is attached to the outside of the soil column model 31.

[0046] The solar radiation simulation device 2 is set on the top of the constant temperature chamber 4 and includes at least one set of infrared irradiation lamps 21. The infrared irradiation lamps 21 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the soil column model device 3. By adjusting the light intensity, irradiation time and radiation angle of the irradiation lamps 21, the temperature gradient of the soil column model 31 in the soil column model device 3 is controlled to simulate the effect of solar radiation on the soil column model 31.

[0047] The hydrothermal salt migration monitoring device 5 is installed on the glass cover 33 and is used to monitor the distribution and changes of moisture, temperature and salt in the soil column model 31 along the height of the soil column in real time. The hydrothermal salt migration monitoring device 5 includes several sets of installation ports on the glass cover 33, temperature sensor 51, humidity sensor 52 and salt sensor 53. The several sets of installation ports are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the soil column model 31, and the temperature sensor 51, humidity sensor 52 and salt sensor 53 are connected to the several sets of installation ports.

[0048] The water level simulation device 6 is installed at the bottom of the constant temperature box 4 and is used to simulate the groundwater level and water replenishment. The water level simulation device 6 includes a push-pull base 61 and a water tank 62 installed on the top of the push-pull base 61. The water level in the water tank 62 is adjustable and is used to simulate the dynamic changes of water during the replenishment and evaporation of groundwater.

[0049] The data acquisition and analysis device 7 is connected to the temperature sensor 51, humidity sensor 52 and salinity sensor 53, and is used to collect data from the monitoring device 5. The data acquisition and analysis device 7 processes the collected data and outputs data on changes in moisture content, temperature and salinity.

[0050] Specifically, by integrating a rainfall simulation device 1, a solar radiation simulation device 2, and a water level simulation device 6, the device achieves comprehensive simulation of multiple external environmental factors, overcoming the limitation of existing technologies that can only simulate a single environmental factor. This makes the test conditions closer to the actual engineering environment and improves the reliability and practical value of the test results.

[0051] Specifically, by placing the soil column model device 3 inside the constant temperature chamber 4 and setting an insulation layer 32 and a glass cover 33 on its exterior, the stability of the test environment is effectively guaranteed.

[0052] Specifically, the hydrothermal salt migration monitoring device 5 uses a temperature sensor 51, a humidity sensor 52, and a salinity sensor 53 arranged at equal intervals along the soil column axis to achieve real-time, non-destructive monitoring of changes in hydrothermal salt within the soil. This overcomes the disturbance to the soil structure caused by traditional sampling methods and provides reliable data support for in-depth research on the migration patterns within the soil.

[0053] Specifically, the overall structure of this application is reasonably designed, each functional module can be controlled independently, and it is easy to operate. Parameters such as rainfall and radiation intensity can be precisely adjusted through an external controller. The equipment is easy to disassemble and maintain, and it also has good environmental protection and economy. These features make this utility model not only suitable for scientific research experiments, but also applicable to monitoring and analysis in actual engineering projects.

[0054] The rainfall simulation device 1 includes rainfall output ports 11, which are symmetrically distributed above the soil column model device 3. An external controller is used to adjust the rainfall rate within the range of 0-100 mm / h. Specifically, by setting symmetrically distributed rainfall output ports 11 in the rainfall simulation device 1 and controlling the rainfall rate within the range of 0-100 mm / h via an external controller, accurate simulation of natural rainfall processes is achieved. This design not only ensures the uniformity of rainfall distribution but also allows for adjustment of rainfall intensity according to actual needs, making the experimental conditions closer to the actual engineering environment and improving the reliability and practical value of the experimental results.

[0055] Specifically, the rainfall and solar radiation simulation system is located on the constant temperature chamber 4, with rainfall output ports 11 and infrared irradiation lamps 21 symmetrically distributed to simulate the external rainfall environment as closely as possible. The amount of water can be controlled by an external controller to achieve simulation of multiple rainfall scenarios. The infrared irradiation lamps 21 can be adjusted to regulate the light intensity by adjusting the target temperature. Higher light intensity results in faster soil column heating and a larger temperature gradient, while lower light intensity results in slower soil column heating and a smaller temperature gradient. The rainfall and solar radiation simulation system is controlled by an external controller, which includes settings for rainfall amount, rainfall rate, rainfall duration, radiation intensity, number of radiation lamps, and radiation duration. This device primarily simulates the external environment, including rainfall and solar radiation, providing the soil column test with the temperature difference generated by rainfall infiltration and solar radiation.

[0056] The soil column model 31 is cylindrical, with a height of 50-100cm and a diameter of 10-20cm. The insulation layer 32 is made of insulation cotton, and the glass cover 33 is made of plexiglass. Specifically, by designing the soil column model 31 as a cylinder of specific dimensions and using an insulation layer 32 made of insulation cotton and a glass cover 33 made of plexiglass, the test samples are ensured to be sufficiently representative, while also achieving good insulation and observation effects. This structural design makes the temperature field distribution more uniform during the test and facilitates the observation of changes inside the soil.

[0057] Specifically, the soil column model device 3 is located inside the constant temperature chamber 4, with its lower part located in the water level simulation device 6. The glass cover 33 is used to fix the soil column model 31. The sensor reserved port on the glass cover 33 facilitates the connection of the sensor. Insulation material can be added to the outermost layer of the soil column as an insulation layer 32. The specific settings are selected according to the needs of the test and simulation conditions.

[0058] Reference manual attached Figure 2 The thermostatic chamber 4 has a double-leaf door 41 on its front, with pre-drilled wiring holes 42 for the sensor data cables. Specifically, the design of the double-leaf door 41 and pre-drilled wiring holes 42 on the front of the thermostatic chamber 4 facilitates equipment installation, maintenance, and soil sample replacement, while also solving the problem of sensor data cable routing. This greatly improves the practicality and ease of operation of the device, while ensuring the reliability of the sensor connection. The soil column and water level simulation system are inserted using a push-in method, which is convenient and quick.

[0059] The height of the water tank 62 does not exceed 1 / 6 of the height of the soil column model 31, and a circular base 63 for placing the soil column model 31 is provided in the middle of the water tank 62.

[0060] Specifically, depending on the actual needs of use, the circular base 63 can be made of hydrophobic, mesh, or breathable materials.

[0061] Specifically, by controlling the height of the water tank 62 to not exceed 1 / 6 of the height of the soil column model 31 and setting a circular base 63, the rationality of the groundwater level simulation is ensured, and stable support is provided, making the groundwater recharge process closer to the natural state, while also facilitating the installation and fixing of the soil column model device.

[0062] The data acquisition and analysis device 7 converts the measured dielectric constant and conductivity according to the following calibration equation:

[0063] The calibration equation for volumetric water content θv is:

[0064] θv = a1·Ka + b1

[0065] Where Ka is the dielectric constant, and a1 and b1 are calibration coefficients;

[0066] The standard equation for soil salinity S is:

[0067] S = a²·σb + b²

[0068] Where σb is the soil volumetric conductivity, and a2 and b2 are calibration coefficients;

[0069] The calibration coefficients are obtained through the following steps:

[0070] A1) Measure the dielectric constant Ka and volumetric conductivity σb in a standard soil sample with known volumetric water content and salinity;

[0071] A2) Using the measured dielectric constant Ka as the independent variable and the volumetric water content θv as the dependent variable, the coefficients a1 and b1 are obtained by fitting using the least squares method;

[0072] A3) Using the measured volumetric conductivity σb as the independent variable and the salt content S as the dependent variable, the coefficients a2 and b2 were obtained by fitting using the least squares method.

[0073] Specifically, this application innovatively employs a calibration equation to calculate salt content. By measuring the dielectric constant and conductivity, and combining this with least squares fitting, calibration coefficients are obtained, thus achieving indirect measurement of salt content. This method not only improves measurement accuracy but also enables real-time monitoring of salt content, overcoming the drawback of traditional methods that require destructive sampling, and providing the possibility for long-term monitoring.

[0074] According to another aspect of this application, a method for measuring hydrothermal salt migration in a simulated external environment is also provided, comprising the following steps:

[0075] S1) The test soil sample is placed into the soil column model 31, and the insulation layer 32 and glass cover 33 are wrapped around the outside of the soil column model 31 in sequence.

[0076] S2) Place the assembled soil column model device 3 on the circular base 63 of the water level simulation device 6, and inject water to a predetermined level into the water tank 62;

[0077] S3) Install a temperature sensor 51, a humidity sensor 52, and a salinity sensor 53 at the mounting port of the glass cover 33;

[0078] S4) Start the rainfall simulation device 1 and the solar radiation simulation device 2, and control the rainfall amount, rainfall speed, rainfall duration and the light intensity of the infrared irradiation lamp 21 through the external controller;

[0079] S5) Use the hydrothermal salt migration monitoring device 5 to monitor the changes in moisture, temperature and salinity in the soil column model 31 in real time;

[0080] S6) Data acquisition and analysis device 7 is used to collect and analyze monitoring data to determine the laws governing water, heat and salt migration.

[0081] Specifically, this method achieves full-process control from soil sample preparation to data acquisition and analysis through systematic step design, ensuring the standardization of the test process and the reliability of the data. The standardized operating procedures not only improve the test efficiency, but also make the test results have good repeatability.

[0082] The data analysis in step S6 includes:

[0083] S61) Calculate the temperature variation with soil column height under specified rainfall and solar radiation conditions;

[0084] S62) Calculate the change in volumetric water content with soil column height under specified rainfall and solar radiation conditions;

[0085] S63) Calculate the change in salt content with soil column height under specified rainfall and solar radiation conditions;

[0086] S64) Analyze the variation patterns of the above parameters under conditions of groundwater recharge.

[0087] Specifically, by refining the data analysis steps, a comprehensive analysis of the changes in parameters such as temperature, moisture content, and salt content with the height of the soil column was achieved. The systematic analysis method not only revealed the migration law of hydrothermal salt in the soil, but also provided a reliable theoretical basis for engineering practice.

[0088] In step S4, the rainfall is controlled within the range of 0-100 mm / h, and the radiation intensity of the infrared irradiation lamp 21 is 0-1000 W / m².

[0089] Specifically, by clearly defining the control range of rainfall as 0-100 mm / h and the radiation intensity of infrared lamp 21 as 0-1000 W / m², the controllability of the test conditions is ensured, and various working conditions that may be encountered in actual engineering are met. The setting of these parameter ranges enables the test to simulate a wider range of environmental conditions and improves the applicability of the research results.

[0090] Example 1

[0091] This study investigates the migration patterns of water, heat, and salt in the underground soil of a construction site. The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0092] S1: Take soil samples from the top 0-100cm layer of the site, sieve the soil samples through a 2mm sieve, and fill them into a cylindrical soil column model 31 with a height of 80cm and a diameter of 15cm. Use a layered compaction method to control the dry density to 1.65g / cm³. Wrap the soil column model 31 with a 2cm thick insulation layer 32 made of thermal insulation cotton and a 3mm thick glass cover 33 made of plexiglass.

[0093] S2: Place the assembled soil column model device 3 on the circular base 63 of the water level simulation device 6, and inject deionized water with a water level of 8cm into the water tank 62 with a height of 10cm.

[0094] S3: Set an installation port every 10cm along the height of the soil column on the glass cover 33. Set a total of 8 monitoring points from bottom to top. Install a temperature sensor 51, a humidity sensor 52 and a salinity sensor 53 at each installation port.

[0095] S4: Set the rainfall of the rainfall simulation device 1 to 50 mm / h and the rainfall duration to 2 hours; turn on the infrared irradiation lamp 21 in the solar radiation simulation device 2, set the radiation intensity to 600 W / m², and the irradiation duration to 6 hours;

[0096] S5: Data is collected every 30 minutes using the hydrothermal salt migration monitoring device 5;

[0097] S6: The monitoring data is collected and analyzed using the data acquisition and analysis device 7. The calculation process is as follows:

[0098] First, obtain the calibration coefficients:

[0099] A1) Select five standard soil samples with known volumetric water content (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%) and five known salt contents (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%), and measure their dielectric constant Ka and volumetric conductivity σb.

[0100] The measurement data obtained in A2) are as follows:

[0101] Dielectric constants Ka: 8.5, 12.3, 16.8, 21.5, 26.2

[0102] Corresponding volumetric moisture content θv: 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%

[0103] The least squares fitting method yielded the following values: a1 = 1.12, b1 = 0.48.

[0104] A3) Volumetric conductivity σb: 0.15, 0.32, 0.48, 0.65, 0.82 mS / cm

[0105] Corresponding salt content (S): 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%

[0106] The least squares fitting yielded the following values: a² = 3.05, b² = 0.04

[0107] Then, we proceed with specific data analysis:

[0108] S61) After a 6-hour test, the temperature at a depth of 20cm from the bottom increased from the initial 20℃ to 28.5℃;

[0109] S62) The dielectric constant Ka measured at this location is 18.5. Substituting this into the calibration equation:

[0110] θv = 1.12 × 18.5 + 0.48 = 21.2%

[0111] This indicates that the volumetric water content at that location is 21.2%.

[0112] S63) The volumetric conductivity σb measured at this location is 0.45 mS / cm. Substituting this into the calibration equation:

[0113] S = 3.05 × 0.45 + 0.04 = 1.41%

[0114] This indicates that the salt content at this location is 1.41%.

[0115] S64) By comparing the situation with and without groundwater recharge, it was found that:

[0116] When groundwater recharge is available, the water content at the bottom 20cm increases by 5.8% within 6 hours;

[0117] Without groundwater recharge, the water content at the bottom 20cm increased by only 2.3%.

[0118] Therefore, the experimental results of Example 1 show that, under the combined effects of simulated rainfall and solar radiation, the moisture, temperature, and salinity in the soil column all exhibit a clear gradient distribution. The presence of groundwater significantly affects the water migration rate, providing an important reference for predicting water transport in practical engineering.

[0119] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test apparatus for measuring hydrothermal salt migration in a simulated external environment, characterized in that, include: The constant temperature chamber (4) is used to provide a constant temperature test environment; A rainfall simulation device (1) is installed on top of the constant temperature chamber (4) to simulate the external rainfall environment. The rainfall simulation device (1) controls the rainfall amount, rainfall speed and rainfall duration through an external controller. The soil column model device (3) is set inside the constant temperature box (4) for placing test soil samples. The soil column model device (3) contains a soil column model (31) as a test soil sample. The outer surface of the soil column model (31) is provided with a heat insulation layer (32). The outer side of the soil column model (31) is covered with a glass cover (33). A solar radiation simulation device (2) is set on the top of the constant temperature box (4) and includes at least one set of infrared irradiation lamps (21). The infrared irradiation lamps (21) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the soil column model device (3). By adjusting the light intensity, irradiation time and radiation angle of the infrared irradiation lamps (21), the temperature gradient of the soil column model (31) in the soil column model device (3) is controlled to simulate the effect of solar radiation on the soil column model (31). A hydrothermal salt migration monitoring device (5) is installed on the glass cover (33) to monitor the distribution and changes of moisture, temperature and salt in the soil column model (31) along the height of the soil column in real time. The hydrothermal salt migration monitoring device (5) includes several sets of mounting ports on the glass cover (33), a temperature sensor (51), a humidity sensor (52) and a salt sensor (53). The several sets of mounting ports are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the soil column model (31). The temperature sensor (51), humidity sensor (52) and salt sensor (53) are connected to the several sets of mounting ports. A water level simulation device (6) is installed at the bottom of the constant temperature box (4) to simulate the groundwater level and water replenishment. The water level simulation device (6) includes a push-pull chassis (61) and a water tank (62) installed on the top of the push-pull chassis (61). The water level in the water tank (62) is adjustable to simulate the dynamic changes of water during the replenishment and evaporation of groundwater. The data acquisition and analysis device (7) is connected to the temperature sensor (51), humidity sensor (52) and salinity sensor (53) to collect data from the hydrothermal salt migration monitoring device (5). The data acquisition and analysis device (7) processes the collected data and outputs data on changes in water content, temperature and salinity.

2. The experimental apparatus for measuring hydrothermal salt migration in a simulated external environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rainfall simulation device (1) includes a rainfall output port (11), which is symmetrically distributed above the soil column model device (3). The external controller is used to control the rainfall to be adjustable within the range of 0-100 mm / h.

3. The experimental apparatus for measuring hydrothermal salt migration in a simulated external environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The soil column model (31) is cylindrical, with a height of 50-100cm and a diameter of 10-20cm. The insulation layer (32) is made of insulation cotton, and the glass cover (33) is made of plexiglass.

4. The experimental apparatus for measuring hydrothermal salt migration in a simulated external environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constant temperature chamber (4) has a double-leaf door (41) on the front, and the double-leaf door (41) has a wiring hole (42) for the sensor data line to pass through.

5. The experimental apparatus for measuring hydrothermal salt migration in a simulated external environment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the water tank (62) is no more than 1 / 6 of the height of the soil column model (31), and a circular base (63) for placing the soil column model (31) is provided in the middle of the water tank (62).

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