Battery pack capable of rapidly preventing thermal runaway

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery pack capable of quickly preventing thermal runaway, which belongs to the field of battery packs and comprises a plurality of batteries arranged in a box body. The plurality of box bodies are arranged in the box body and are filled with inhibitors; an exhaust valve is arranged at the top of the battery; the box bodies are located above the batteries in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the box bodies are aligned with the exhaust valve, the box bodies are heated, melted, broken and release the inhibitor before the batteries reach the temperature of thermal runaway, and the inhibitor absorbs heat of the batteries and the surrounding environment and enables the temperature of the batteries to be reduced. According to the utility model, the box body filled with the inhibitor is arranged at the top of each battery in the battery pack, and the box body is aligned with the exhaust valve of the battery, so that high-temperature gas is generated in the battery and exhausted from the exhaust valve no matter which battery or any part in the battery is subjected to thermal runaway; and the box body is melted, and the inhibitor in the box body is released to wrap the outer surface of the battery and absorb heat of the surrounding environment to reduce the temperature of the battery, so that prevention and flame retardance of thermal runaway of the battery are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery pack technology, and in particular to a battery pack that can quickly prevent thermal runaway. Background Technology

[0002] As the demand for extended driving range in new energy vehicles continues to increase, the energy density of power batteries is also rising, leading to a gradual increase in the heat generated by the battery pack and consequently, the battery temperature. When the battery temperature exceeds 55°C, an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs inside the battery, generating a large amount of heat and further increasing the battery temperature, creating a vicious cycle that can lead to thermal runaway. Once thermal runaway occurs, it rapidly transfers heat to surrounding cells, causing them to also experience thermal runaway. In severe cases, the battery pack may even catch fire and explode, seriously impacting travel safety and economic factors. Furthermore, other factors such as overcharging and traffic collisions can also cause thermal runaway in battery packs; therefore, preventing thermal runaway and minimizing losses is essential.

[0003] Chinese patent CN110433419A discloses a lithium-ion battery thermal runaway fire suppression capsule and a lithium-ion battery. The capsule, housed within a single battery casing, ruptures at high temperatures and releases an inhibitor to achieve flame retardancy. However, the large number of batteries within a battery pack and the unpredictable location of thermal runaway mean that the aforementioned method cannot be effective immediately upon the onset of thermal runaway, thus hindering the prevention of the spread of thermal runaway risk. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, this utility model proposes a battery pack for rapid prevention of thermal runaway, which solves the problem that the current method of setting inhibitor capsules inside the battery is difficult to play a role at the first moment when thermal runaway occurs, thus making it difficult to avoid the spread of thermal runaway risk.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model is implemented as follows: This utility model provides a battery pack for rapid prevention of thermal runaway, including a housing containing a plurality of batteries; a plurality of boxes disposed within the housing and filled with inhibitors; wherein, the top of the battery has an exhaust valve; each box is located above each battery in a corresponding manner, with the box aligned with the exhaust valve; the box melts and ruptures before the battery reaches the temperature of thermal runaway and releases the inhibitors; the inhibitors absorb heat from the battery and the surrounding environment and lower the battery temperature.

[0006] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, a first protrusion is provided on the end face of the box facing the battery, and the first protrusion is in contact with the exhaust valve.

[0007] In a further preferred embodiment, a groove is provided on the top surface of the battery, and an exhaust valve is provided in the groove; a first protrusion is inserted into the groove.

[0008] Even more preferably, the thickness of the first protrusion is greater than the depth of the groove.

[0009] More preferably, the inner wall thickness of the first protrusion is not greater than the inner wall thickness of the box body.

[0010] More preferably, a second protrusion is provided on the side of the box body. The second protrusion and the first protrusion are located on two adjacent sides of the box body. A slot is provided on the side of the box body opposite to the second protrusion. The second protrusions of two adjacent boxes body cooperate with the slot.

[0011] Even more preferably, the thickness of the second protrusion is greater than the depth of the slot.

[0012] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the melting point of the box body is 100-200℃.

[0013] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the top of the box is open, the top of the box is covered with a lid, and several boxes are placed on the lid.

[0014] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the box body is made of plastic material and the inhibitor is a fire-retardant liquid.

[0015] This utility model provides a battery pack for rapid prevention of thermal runaway, which has the following advantages over existing technologies:

[0016] Beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) This utility model provides a box containing an inhibitor on the top of each battery inside the battery pack and aligns the box with the battery's exhaust valve. Regardless of which battery or any part inside the battery experiences thermal runaway, high-temperature gas will be generated inside and discharged from the exhaust valve, causing the box to melt and release the inhibitor inside to wrap around the outer surface of the battery and absorb heat from the surrounding environment to reduce the battery temperature, thereby preventing thermal runaway of the battery and providing flame retardancy.

[0018] (2) The present invention provides a first protrusion on the bottom surface of the box body. The first protrusion is in contact with the exhaust valve of the battery, and the wall thickness of the first protrusion is thinner, so that the first protrusion can melt in a very short time when the battery undergoes thermal runaway and sprays out high temperature gas, and release the inhibitor in the box body, thereby improving the response speed of the device.

[0019] (3) The adjacent boxes of this utility model are connected by the second protrusion and the slot, so that several boxes can be tightly combined in rows and columns. On the basis of ensuring that each box is relatively independent, several boxes can form a structural whole so as to be stably installed on the lower surface of the top cover. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the battery pack of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the battery pack of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a side sectional view of the box body of this utility model.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Box body; 11. Box cover; 2. Battery; 21. Exhaust valve; 201. Groove; 3. Box body; 31. First protrusion; 32. Second protrusion; 301. Slot; 4. Inhibitor. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of this utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, combined with Figure 2 The present invention relates to a battery pack for rapid prevention of thermal runaway, comprising a housing 1, a battery 2, and a box 3.

[0027] The casing 1 is the outer shell of the battery pack, and several batteries 2 are arranged in rows inside it, with each row of batteries 2 forming a battery module. The top of each battery 2 has an exhaust valve 21, which is also an explosion-proof valve. When thermal runaway occurs inside the battery 2, high-temperature gas is generated inside the battery 2, increasing the internal pressure and causing the high-temperature gas inside the battery 2 to be ejected from the exhaust valve 21.

[0028] Several boxes 3 are placed inside the housing 1 and filled with inhibitors 4; each box 3 is located above each battery 2 in a corresponding manner, and the box 3 is aligned with the exhaust valve 21. The box 3 is heated and melts and breaks before the battery 2 reaches the temperature of thermal runaway, releasing the inhibitors 4. The inhibitors 4 absorb the heat of the battery 2 and the surrounding environment and reduce the temperature of the battery 2. Typically, after a battery cell experiences severe thermal runaway, the cell temperature can reach over 400°C, and the vent valve 21 of battery 2 will open to release air. A plastic box 3 containing an inhibitor 4 is placed above the vent valve 21 of battery 2. When the cell experiences thermal runaway, the temperature rises rapidly. When the temperature reaches the melting point of the plastic box 3, the plastic box 3 melts. The inhibitor 4 inside the plastic box 3 flows to battery 2 due to its own gravity, covering the surface of battery 2 and absorbing the heat from the thermal runaway, thus cooling battery 2. Simultaneously, the inhibitor 4 covering the surface of battery 2 can isolate oxygen, further preventing oxidation-reduction reactions inside the cell, thereby inhibiting the occurrence of thermal runaway.

[0029] exist Figure 2 In a preferred embodiment shown, a first protrusion 31 is provided on the end face of the housing 3 facing the battery 2. The first protrusion 31 is in contact with the exhaust valve 21, so that the housing 3 can be directly subjected to the heat conduction of the high temperature gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery 2, thereby improving the response speed of the melting and release inhibitor 4 of the housing 3.

[0030] exist Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment shown, a groove 201 is formed on the top surface of the battery 2, and an exhaust valve 21 is disposed in the groove 201; a first protrusion 31 is inserted into the groove 201. By contacting the exhaust valve 21 with the first protrusion 31, heat is required to melt the first protrusion 31 to release the inhibitor 4, thereby improving the response speed of the housing 3.

[0031] exist Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment shown, the thickness of the first protrusion 31 is greater than the depth of the groove 201, so that there is a certain distance between the body of the box 3 and the top surface of the battery 2, ensuring the relative independence of each box 3, and avoiding thermal runaway of a certain battery 2, which would cause heat conduction and melt the box 3 that is far away.

[0032] exist Figure 3 In a preferred embodiment shown, the inner wall thickness of the first protrusion 31 is not greater than the inner wall thickness of the box body 3, making the first protrusion 31 thinner than the box body 3, and easier to melt when high-temperature gas is ejected, thereby improving the response speed.

[0033] exist Figure 3In a preferred embodiment shown, a second protrusion 32 is provided on the side of the box body 3. The second protrusion 32 and the first protrusion 31 are located on two adjacent sides of the box body 3. A slot 301 is provided on the side of the box body 3 opposite to the second protrusion 32. The second protrusion 32 of two adjacent boxes 3 cooperates with the slot 301. Several boxes 3 are tightly combined through the cooperation of the second protrusion 32 and the slot 301, so that while ensuring that each box 3 is relatively independent, several boxes 3 form a structural whole for stable installation on the lower surface of the top cover 11.

[0034] exist Figure 3 In a preferred embodiment shown, the thickness of the second protrusion 32 is greater than the depth of the slot 301, so that there is a certain distance between each box 3, ensuring the relative independence of each box 3, and avoiding thermal runaway of a certain battery 2, which would cause heat conduction and melt the box 3 that is far away.

[0035] exist Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment shown, the melting point of the housing 3 is 100-200°C, which ensures that the housing 3 can melt in advance to play a flame-retardant role before the battery 2 experiences thermal runaway, thereby achieving the purpose of this device to prevent the battery 2 from experiencing thermal runaway.

[0036] exist Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment shown, the top of the box 1 is open, and a box cover 11 is provided on the top of the box 1. Several boxes 3 are arranged on the box cover 11. Specifically, the boxes 3 can be directly pasted onto the top cover 11, or wedge grooves can be provided on the top cover 11 to fix the boxes 3 in the wedge grooves.

[0037] exist Figure 1 In a preferred embodiment shown, the box body 3 is made of a plastic material with a low melting point, generally between 100 and 200°C, specifically polyethylene (PE); the inhibitor 4 is a fire-retardant liquid that isolates oxygen and absorbs a large amount of heat, specifically perfluorohexanone solution or anhydrous ethylene glycol solution, or an organic flame retardant liquid, mainly composed of phosphorous acid, phosphate esters, sulfate esters, imine chloride, chlorite sulfate, etc.; or a polyol flame retardant that can effectively suppress ignition sources, mainly composed of melamine, polyvinyl chloride alcohol, ethylene oxide, lauryl propionic acid, etc.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A battery pack for rapid prevention of thermal runaway, characterized in that, include: The box (1) contains several batteries (2); Several boxes (3) are disposed inside the box (1) and filled with inhibitors (4); The battery (2) has an exhaust valve (21) on its top. Each of the aforementioned boxes (3) is located above each of the batteries (2) in a corresponding manner. The boxes (3) are aligned with the exhaust valve (21). The boxes (3) are heated, melted, and cracked before the batteries (2) reach the temperature of thermal runaway, and release inhibitors (4). The inhibitors (4) absorb the heat of the batteries (2) and the surrounding environment and reduce the temperature of the batteries (2).

2. The battery pack for rapid prevention of thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box (3) has a first protrusion (31) on the end face facing the battery (2), and the first protrusion (31) is in contact with the exhaust valve (21).

3. A battery pack for rapid prevention of thermal runaway according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top surface of the battery (2) has a groove (201) and an exhaust valve (21) is provided in the groove (201); the first protrusion (31) is inserted in the groove (201).

4. A battery pack for rapid prevention of thermal runaway according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thickness of the first protrusion (31) is greater than the depth of the groove (201).

5. A battery pack for rapid prevention of thermal runaway according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner wall thickness of the first protrusion (31) is not greater than the inner wall thickness of the box (3).

6. A battery pack for rapid prevention of thermal runaway according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side of the box (3) is provided with a second protrusion (32). The second protrusion (32) and the first protrusion (31) are located on two adjacent sides of the box (3). The side of the box (3) opposite to the second protrusion (32) is provided with a slot (301). The second protrusion (32) of two adjacent boxes (3) cooperate with the slot (301).

7. A battery pack for rapid prevention of thermal runaway according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thickness of the second protrusion (32) is greater than the depth of the slot (301).

8. A battery pack for rapid prevention of thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The melting point of the box body (3) is 100-200℃.

9. A battery pack for rapid prevention of thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the box (1) is open, and the top of the box (1) is covered with a box cover (11), and several boxes (3) are arranged on the box cover (11).

10. A battery pack for rapid prevention of thermal runaway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box body (3) is made of plastic material, and the inhibitor (4) is a fire-retardant liquid.

Images