Internal arteriovenous fistula monitoring bracelet for hemodialysis patient

Abstract

The utility model relates to an internal arteriovenous fistula monitoring bracelet for a hemodialysis patient. The internal arteriovenous fistula monitoring bracelet comprises a bracelet main body and a bracelet wrist strap, the bracelet main body is composed of a shell, a touch display screen, a power supply, a charging interface, a first photoelectric tube, a second photoelectric tube, a main control circuit board, a temperature monitoring chip and a heat insulation pad; a heat insulation pad is laid on one side, close to the inner side, of the bottom of the shell; a temperature monitoring chip is mounted between the shell and the heat insulation pad; a sensing module is arranged on the first wrist strap; the sensing module is provided with a first laser, a second laser, a third photoelectric tube, a fourth photoelectric tube, a sound sensor, a vibrating diaphragm and a sponge. Scattering light intensity signals generated after laser passes through thrombus are detected in real time through the photoelectric tube, and the internal fistula tremor feeling is monitored in real time through the sound sensor; by adopting a photoacoustic combined detection mode, the reliability of detection is improved, the false alarm rate of internal fistula blockage is reduced, and the device has the advantages of simplicity in operation, portability and accurate diagnosis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical biosensing, specifically to a wristband for monitoring arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients. Background Technology

[0002] Chronic kidney disease is a serious threat to human health, and maintenance hemodialysis is the main alternative treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease. Long-term hemodialysis treatment often requires a reliable and durable arteriovenous access (also known as an arteriovenous fistula, or simply fistula). An arteriovenous fistula is a blood flow channel established for hemodialysis; a good vascular access is fundamental to completing hemodialysis treatment. Autologous arteriovenous access is the best and preferred method of fistula creation, with advantages such as ease of puncture, simple operation, long lifespan, and low risk of infection. The quality of the vascular access during hemodialysis directly affects the patient's dialysis and quality of life; therefore, arteriovenous fistulas are often referred to as the "lifeline" for hemodialysis patients.

[0003] However, with the increasing prevalence of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, and the aging of maintenance hemodialysis patients, the incidence of arteriovenous fistula dysfunction is rising. Symptoms include non-thrombotic stenosis and occlusion of veins near the anastomosis. Furthermore, pressure on the operated limb during sleep, repeated punctures at the same site during use, and prolonged pressure after dialysis can all lead to fistula occlusion and hemodialysis failure, becoming an extremely common and challenging clinical problem.

[0004] Currently, the optimal treatment window for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) occlusion failure is within 6 hours of thrombus formation. Therefore, real-time monitoring of the fistula's status is crucial. Existing methods for monitoring AVF blood flow include Doppler ultrasound, angiography, hemodynamic analysis, and clinical use of a stethoscope to listen to pulse vibrations. However, these methods require specialized medical equipment and professional operators and cannot provide real-time monitoring. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a portable, easy-to-use device that can monitor the fistula in real-time, helping patients to diagnose fistula occlusion promptly and accurately, preventing hemodialysis failure, and improving their quality of life. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this patent is to provide a wristband for monitoring arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients. This device can detect whether the arteriovenous fistula of hemodialysis patients is blocked online in real time, and has the advantages of simple operation, portability and accurate diagnosis.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] A wristband for monitoring arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients includes a wristband body and a wristband; the wristband body is composed of a shell, a touch screen, a power supply, a charging interface, a first phototube, a second phototube, a main control circuit board, a temperature monitoring chip, and a heat insulation pad;

[0008] The top of the housing is equipped with a touch screen display, and the sides of the housing are provided with a charging port, a first phototube, and a second phototube. The bottom of the housing is covered with a heat insulation pad near the inside, and a temperature monitoring chip is installed between the housing and the heat insulation pad. The housing contains a power supply and a main control circuit board. The main control circuit board and the heat insulation pad are directly fixed to the housing with screws.

[0009] The touch screen and temperature monitoring chip are electrically connected to the main control circuit board; the first phototube and the second phototube are electrically connected to the main control circuit board; the power supply is electrically connected to the charging interface and the main control circuit board; the main control circuit board integrates a memory, a communication module, a processor chip, a GPS positioning module, an accelerometer, a voice recognition microphone, a speaker, and a rotor motor; the rotor motor uses rotation and vibration to alert the patient to the fistula detection results.

[0010] The wristband includes a first wristband and a second wristband; the second wristband is mainly used for fixing and adjusting; the first wristband is equipped with a sensing module; the sensing module is equipped with a first laser, a second laser, a third phototube, a fourth phototube, a sound sensor, a diaphragm, and a sponge; the first laser, the second laser, the third phototube, the fourth phototube, and the sound sensor are integrated on a flexible circuit board and electrically connected to the main control circuit board inside the housing through a wire in a narrow gap in the wristband; the diaphragm covers the surface of the first laser, the second laser, the third phototube, the fourth phototube, and the sound sensor, and is transparent and highly sensitive; the sponge is laid on the outer ring of the diaphragm, i.e., on the wristband surface near the wrist; the sponge material is required to have a certain degree of flexibility to reduce physical damage to the fistula location and reduce interference from external noise on the fistula tremor signal; the sensing module is at a certain angle to the first phototube and the second phototube, preferably within the range of 85°~120°; the wavelengths of the first laser and the second laser are selectable in the range of 880-930 nm. nm and 990-1035 nm; the first phototube and the third phototube are used to detect the scattered light intensity signal of the first laser; the second phototube and the fourth phototube are used to detect the scattered light intensity signal of the second laser.

[0011] According to specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0012] This invention provides a wristband for monitoring arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients. It includes a wristband body and a wristband. The wristband body comprises a shell, a touchscreen display, a power supply, a charging interface, a first phototube, a second phototube, a main control circuit board, a temperature monitoring chip, and a heat insulation pad. The wristband includes two wristbands. The sensing module is equipped with a first laser, a second laser, a third phototube, a fourth phototube, a sound sensor, a diaphragm, and a sponge. The sound sensor is used to detect the vibration sensation of blood flow at the fistula. The first and second lasers emit laser light to the thrombus at the fistula, generating scattering. The first and third phototubes are used to detect the intensity signal of the scattered light from the first laser. The second and fourth phototubes are used to detect the intensity signal of the scattered light from the second laser. This invention is primarily worn on the wrist of hemodialysis patients. It uses a first, third, second, and fourth phototube to detect the intensity of scattered light after a laser passes through a thrombus in real time, thereby monitoring thrombus formation. Simultaneously, a sound sensor monitors the fistula's vibration in real time and acquires sound signals. By employing a combined photoacoustic detection method, when both the acquired light intensity signal and sound signal exceed the detection threshold, it can be determined that a fistula blockage has occurred. This greatly improves the reliability of detection and reduces the false alarm rate of fistula blockage. It has the advantages of simple operation, portability, and accurate diagnosis. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a monitoring wristband for arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients, provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the overall structure of a monitoring wristband for arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a wristband of a hemodialysis patient's arteriovenous fistula monitoring bracelet provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the main body of a monitoring wristband for arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5The hardware structure of the main control circuit board of a monitoring wristband for arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0019] In the diagram, 1. main body of the bracelet, 2. wristband, 3. wristband one, 4. wristband two, 5. shell, 6. touch screen, 7. power supply, 8. charging interface, 9-1. first phototube, 9-2. second phototube, 10. main control circuit board, 11. processor chip, 12. GPS positioning module, 13. accelerometer, 14. temperature monitoring chip, 15-1. first laser, 15-2. second laser, 16. sound sensor, 17. memory, 18. voice recognition microphone, 19. communication module, 20. speaker, 21. rotor motor, 22. diaphragm, 23. sponge, 24. heat insulation pad, 25. sensing module, 26. third phototube, 27. fourth phototube. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wristband for monitoring arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients, which can improve the reliability of fistula detection, reduce the false alarm rate of fistula occlusion, and thus help hemodialysis patients improve their quality of life.

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a monitoring wristband for arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the overall structure of a monitoring wristband for arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a wristband of a hemodialysis patient's arteriovenous fistula monitoring bracelet provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the main body of a monitoring wristband for arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 The hardware structure of the main control circuit board of a monitoring wristband for arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients provided in this embodiment of the invention.

[0024] The aforementioned arteriovenous fistula monitoring bracelet for hemodialysis patients includes a bracelet body (1) and a bracelet wristband (2); the bracelet body (1) is composed of a shell (5), a touch screen (6), a power supply (7), a charging interface (8), a first phototube (9-1), a second phototube (9-2), a main control circuit board (10), a temperature monitoring chip (14), and a heat insulation pad (24);

[0025] The top of the housing (5) is equipped with a touch screen (6), and the sides of the housing are provided with a charging port (8) and a first phototube (9-1) and a second phototube (9-2); the bottom of the housing (5) near the inner side is covered with a heat insulation pad (24), and a temperature monitoring chip (14) is installed between the housing (5) and the heat insulation pad (24); the housing (5) contains a power supply (7) and a main control circuit board (10); the main control circuit board (10) and the heat insulation pad (24) are directly fixed to the housing (5) with screws;

[0026] The touch screen (6) and temperature monitoring chip (14) are electrically connected to the main control circuit board (10); the first phototube (9-1) and the second phototube (9-2) are electrically connected to the main control circuit board (10); the power supply (7) is electrically connected to the charging interface (8) and the main control circuit board (10); the main control circuit board (10) integrates a memory (17), a communication module (19), a processor chip (11), a GPS positioning module (12), an accelerometer (13), a voice recognition microphone (18), a speaker (20), and a rotor motor (21); the rotor motor (21) reminds the patient of the fistula detection results through motor rotation and vibration;

[0027] The wristband (2) includes a wristband one (3) and a wristband two (4); the wristband two (4) is mainly used for fixing and adjusting; the wristband one (3) is provided with a sensing module (25); the sensing module (25) is provided with a first laser (15-1), a second laser (15-2), a third phototube (26), a fourth phototube (27), a sound sensor (16), a diaphragm (22), and a sponge (23); the first laser (15-1), the second laser (15-2), the third phototube (26), the fourth phototube (27), and the sound sensor (16) are integrated on a flexible circuit board and electrically connected to the main control circuit board (10) inside the housing (5) through the wires in the narrow gap of the wristband (2); the diaphragm (2) 2) The surface of the first laser (15-1), the second laser (15-2), the third phototube (26), the fourth phototube (27), and the sound sensor (16) is covered with a transparent and highly sensitive feature; the sponge (23) is laid on the outer ring of the diaphragm, that is, on the surface of the wristband (2) near the wrist; the material of the sponge (23) is required to have a certain degree of flexibility to reduce the physical damage of the wristband to the fistula location and reduce the interference of external noise on the fistula tremor signal; the sensing module (25) is at a certain angle to the first phototube (9-1) and the second phototube (9-2), and the angle range is preferably 85°~120°; the wavelength ranges of the first laser (15-1) and the second laser (15-2) are 880-930 nm respectively. nm and 990-1035 nm; the first phototube (9-1) and the third phototube (26) are used to detect the scattered light intensity signal of the first laser (15-1); the second phototube (9-2) and the fourth phototube (27) are used to detect the scattered light intensity signal of the second laser (15-2).

[0028] The working principle of the specific implementation of the arteriovenous fistula monitoring wristband for hemodialysis patients of the present invention is as follows: The main body of the wristband (1) is worn on the inside of the wrist, and the sensing module (25) on the wristband (3) is set near the arteriovenous fistula. At this time, under the control of the main control circuit board (10), the signal of the accelerometer (13) is used to determine whether the patient is in motion, because the detection threshold will be different in motion and non-motion states. Then, a first laser (15-1) with a wavelength of 905 nm and a second laser (15-2) with a wavelength of 1010 nm are used to emit lasers to the arteriovenous fistula of the patient's wrist and form scattering. Then, the first phototube (9-1) and the third phototube (26) on the main body of the wristband (1) detect the scattered light intensity signal of the first laser (15-1), and the second phototube (9-2) and the fourth phototube (27) detect the scattered light intensity signal of the second laser (15-2). If there is no thrombus at the arteriovenous fistula, the detected scattered light intensity signal is very weak; if a thrombus forms at the arteriovenous fistula, the detected scattered light intensity signal is a stable signal that reaches a certain threshold. When the scattered light intensity signal exceeds the warning detection light intensity threshold, it can be preliminarily determined that arteriovenous fistula blockage may occur. At the same time, the sound sensor (16) is used to collect the arteriovenous fistula vibration signal at the arteriovenous position of the patient's wrist. The main control circuit board (10) performs time-domain / frequency-domain analysis on the signal collected by the sound sensor to obtain the threshold signal at different frequencies. When the arteriovenous fistula vibration signal exceeds the warning detection sound threshold, it can be determined that a thrombus has formed in the arteriovenous fistula at the arteriovenous position of the patient's wrist. At this time, the main control circuit board (10) immediately drives the rotor motor (21) to rotate and vibrate and the voice broadcast speaker (20) to remind the patient, and at the same time informs the patient's family or hospital through the communication module (19).

[0029] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0030] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wristband for monitoring arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients, characterized in that, The bracelet includes a main body (1) and a wristband (2); the main body (1) consists of a housing (5), a touch screen (6), a power supply (7), a charging interface (8), a first phototube (9-1), a second phototube (9-2), a main control circuit board (10), a temperature monitoring chip (14), and a heat insulation pad (24); the top of the housing (5) is equipped with a touch screen (6), and the sides of the housing are provided with a charging interface (8), a first phototube (9-1), and a second phototube (9-2); the bottom of the housing (5) near the inner side is covered with a heat insulation pad (24), and the housing (5) and the heat insulation pad (24) are connected together. 4) A temperature monitoring chip (14) is installed between the housing (5); the housing (5) contains a power supply (7) and a main control circuit board (10); the main control circuit board (10) and the heat insulation pad (24) are directly fixed to the housing (5) with screws; the touch screen (6) and the temperature monitoring chip (14) are electrically connected to the main control circuit board (10); the first phototube (9-1) and the second phototube (9-2) are electrically connected to the main control circuit board (10); the power supply (7) is electrically connected to the charging interface (8) and the main control circuit board (10); the main control circuit board (10) integrates a memory. (17) Communication module (19) Processor chip (11) GPS positioning module (12) Accelerometer (13) Voice recognition microphone (18) Speaker (20) and rotor motor (21); The rotor motor (21) reminds the patient of the fistula detection result by rotating and vibrating the motor; The wristband (2) includes wristband one (3) and wristband two (4); Wristband two (4) is mainly used for fixing and adjusting; A sensing module (25) is provided on wristband one (3); The sensing module (25) is provided with a first laser (15-1) and a second laser (15-1). 2) The third phototube (26), the fourth phototube (27), the sound sensor (16), the diaphragm (22), and the sponge (23) are integrated on a flexible circuit board and electrically connected to the main control circuit board (10) inside the housing (5) through a wire in the narrow gap of the wristband (2); the wavelength selectable ranges of the first laser (15-1) and the second laser (15-2) are 880-930 nm respectively. The lasers are emitted from the first laser (15-1) and the second laser (15-2) to the arteriovenous fistula in the patient's wrist at nm and 990-1035 nm, and scattered. Then, the first phototube (9-1) and the third phototube (26) are used to detect the intensity signal of the scattered light from the first laser (15-1); the second phototube (9-2) and the fourth phototube (27) are used to detect the intensity signal of the scattered light from the second laser (15-2); the sound sensor (16) collects the vibration signal of the arteriovenous fistula at the location of the patient's wrist arteriovenous fistula.The diaphragm (22) covers the surfaces of the first laser (15-1), the second laser (15-2), the third phototube (26), the fourth phototube (27), and the sound sensor (16), and is transparent and highly sensitive, thereby reducing the physical damage of the wristband to the arteriovenous fistula location and reducing the interference of external noise on the fistula tremor signal; the wristband body (1) must be worn on the inside of the wrist, and the sensing module (25) on the wristband (3) is located near the arteriovenous fistula.

2. The arteriovenous fistula monitoring bracelet for hemodialysis patients as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The acceleration sensor (13) is used to determine whether the patient is in motion, thereby selecting the detection signal threshold for the corresponding state.

3. The arteriovenous fistula monitoring bracelet for hemodialysis patients as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sensing module (25) is at a certain angle to the first phototube (9-1) and the second phototube (9-2), preferably within the range of 85° to 120°.

4. The arteriovenous fistula monitoring bracelet for hemodialysis patients as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sponge (23) is laid on the outer ring of the diaphragm, that is, on the surface of the wristband (2) near the wrist; the material of the sponge (23) is required to have a certain degree of flexibility.

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