Constant-temperature flow guide structure of fixed bed reactor

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of desulfurization equipment, and provides a fixed bed reactor uniform-temperature flow guide structure which comprises a tank body, a gas inlet header pipe communicated with the top end of the tank body, a gas outlet header pipe communicated with the bottom end of the tank body, and a plurality of catalyst bed layers separated by partition plates in the tank body, the catalyst bed layer is connected with a heat exchanger through a gas outlet pipe arranged on the side wall of the tank body and then enters the center position of the next catalyst bed layer through a gas inlet pipe arranged on the side wall of the tank body, and a guide plate is arranged in the catalyst bed layer, is arranged on a connecting line of the center of the tank body and the gas outlet pipe and is used for guiding flue gas to diffuse to the periphery of the catalyst bed layer; the guide plate arranged on the connecting line of the center of the tank body and the gas outlet pipe is arranged in the catalyst bed layer, so that flue gas entering from the center position is forcibly guided to be diffused all around, the flue gas radially flows through the bed layer, the utilization rate of a catalyst in an edge area of the catalyst bed layer is remarkably increased, a dead zone is reduced, and the uniformity of a flow field and the consistency of catalyst reaction load are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of desulfurization equipment technology, and more specifically, to a temperature equalization and flow guiding structure for a fixed-bed reactor. Background Technology

[0002] In desulfurization processes, fixed-bed reactors are widely used as core equipment. These reactors have an internal bed filled with catalyst. The flue gas to be treated enters from the top inlet of the tank and passes through the catalyst bed. The catalyst, utilizing its dual properties of adsorption and catalysis, adsorbs sulfur dioxide in the flue gas and catalytically oxidizes it to sulfur trioxide, which in turn generates sulfuric acid, completing the desulfurization process. This structure relies on sufficient contact between the flue gas and the catalyst to achieve efficient reaction. However, existing fixed-bed reactors typically employ a simple tank-bed structure, lacking effective guidance for the flue gas flow path.

[0003] Because existing fixed-bed reactors lack a reasonable flue gas flow design, flue gas tends to flow directly along the shortest path to the side wall outlet after entering the tank. This results in a large number of "dead zones" inside the tank where flue gas cannot flow effectively, preventing some of the catalyst in the bed from participating in the reaction. Simultaneously, uneven flue gas flow causes inconsistent catalyst reaction loads. Local areas generate a large amount of heat due to concentrated reaction, while dead zones remain at lower temperatures due to lack of reaction, ultimately leading to a significant increase in the internal temperature difference of the tank. This temperature difference not only affects catalyst activity and reduces desulfurization efficiency but may also cause localized overheating and failure of the catalyst, shortening its service life and increasing equipment maintenance costs. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a uniform temperature flow guiding structure for a fixed-bed reactor, which solves the problem of uneven flue gas flow in traditional fixed-bed reactors, leading to inconsistent catalytic reaction loads.

[0005] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: a fixed-bed reactor uniform temperature guiding structure, including a tank body, an inlet main pipe connected to the top of the tank body, an outlet main pipe connected to the bottom of the tank body, the tank body is divided into several catalyst beds by a partition, the catalyst beds are connected to a heat exchanger through an outlet pipe provided on the side wall of the tank body, and then enter the center of the next catalyst bed through an inlet pipe provided on the side wall of the tank body, and a guide plate is provided in the catalyst bed, the guide plate is arranged on the line connecting the center of the tank body and the outlet pipe, and is used to guide the flue gas to diffuse to the periphery of the catalyst bed.

[0006] Furthermore, the deflector is an arc plate or a folded plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the baffle opening faces the outlet pipe or the center of the tank.

[0008] Furthermore, the deflectors are symmetrically arranged on the baffle.

[0009] Furthermore, a flue gas passage is left between the baffle and the tank body.

[0010] Furthermore, the deflector is made of metal or ceramic materials.

[0011] Furthermore, the partition plate is provided with a slot for fitting the insert guide plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the vent pipe is equipped with a leak-proof mesh.

[0013] This utility model has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: by setting a guide plate in the catalyst bed and arranging it on the line connecting the center of the tank and the outlet pipe, the flue gas entering from the center position is forced to diffuse around the periphery, rather than flowing directly from the center position to the outlet pipe, so that the flue gas flows through the bed in a radial pattern, which significantly increases the utilization rate of the catalyst in the edge area of ​​the catalyst bed, reduces dead zones, and ensures the uniformity of the flow field and the consistency of the catalyst reaction load. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a temperature equalization and flow guiding structure for a fixed-bed reactor provided by this utility model.

[0015] Figure 2 This utility model Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 from the center AA direction.

[0016] Figure 3 This utility model Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of Example 2 from the middle AA direction.

[0017] Figure 4 This utility model Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of Example 3 from the middle AA direction.

[0018] Figure 5 This utility model Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of Example 4 from the center AA direction.

[0019] Attached reference numerals: 1-Tank body, 10-Flue gas passage, 11-Inlet main pipe, 12-Outlet main pipe, 13-Outlet pipe, 14-Inlet pipe, 2-Baffle, 3-Catalyst bed, 4-Guide plate. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The specific implementation method is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Example 1

[0022] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown in this embodiment, a fixed-bed reactor uniform temperature guiding structure is mainly disclosed, including a tank 1. An inlet manifold 11 is connected to the top of the tank 1, and an outlet manifold 12 is connected to the bottom of the tank 1. The tank 1 is divided into several catalyst beds 3 by partitions 2. The catalyst beds 3 are connected to a heat exchanger via outlet pipes 13 on the side wall of the tank 1, and then enter the center of the next catalyst bed 3 via inlet pipes 14 on the side wall of the tank 1. A guide plate 4 is provided within each catalyst bed 3, arranged on the line connecting the center of the tank 1 and the outlet pipe 13, to guide the flue gas to diffuse around the catalyst bed 3. Specifically, sulfur-containing flue gas mixed with air enters the tank 1 through the inlet manifold 11, reacts with the top catalyst bed 3, passes through the outlet pipe 13 and the heat exchanger, and then returns to the next catalyst bed 3 via the inlet pipe 14. After reacting layer by layer, the gas finally enters the subsequent process flow via the outlet manifold 12. The guide plate 4 is arranged on the line connecting the center of the tank 1 and the outlet pipe 13. Through the obstruction and guidance of the guide plate 4, the flue gas entering from the center is forced to diffuse to the surrounding area, rather than flowing directly from the center to the outlet pipe 13. This allows the flue gas to flow radially through the bed, significantly increasing the utilization rate of the catalyst in the edge area of ​​the catalyst bed 3, reducing dead zones, and ensuring the uniformity of the flow field and the consistency of the catalyst reaction load. It should be noted that the core function of the fixed bed reactor is to achieve the adsorption and oxidation of SO2 through the catalyst (gas-solid catalytic reaction). However, the catalytic reaction is highly sensitive to temperature (too high a temperature can easily lead to catalyst sintering and deactivation, while too low a temperature will reduce the reaction rate). The overall design uses a partition 2 to divide the interior of the tank 1 into multiple layers of catalyst beds 3, and an external heat exchanger. After the flue gas reacts and releases heat in the upper catalyst bed 3, it is introduced into the heat exchanger through the outlet pipe 13 to cool (or heat up), and then flows into the lower bed from the center through the inlet pipe 14. This achieves segmented gradient temperature control of the reactor and avoids local overheating caused by the accumulation of heat release in a single bed.

[0023] Furthermore, in a specific implementation, the guide plate 4 provided in this embodiment of the present invention is an arc plate with its opening facing the center of the tank 1. Specifically, the arc plate is coaxially arranged with the tank 1, and the angle of the arc plate ranges from 30° to 60°. The arc-shaped surface forces the flue gas to diffuse spirally from the inlet pipe 14 / inlet manifold 11 to all directions, expanding the flow range of the gas within the catalyst bed 3 and preventing short-circuiting of the gas at the edges.

[0024] Furthermore, in specific implementation, the guide plate 4 provided in this utility model embodiment is symmetrically arranged on the partition plate 2, which effectively avoids the problem of flow deviation caused by unilateral flow guidance.

[0025] Furthermore, in a specific implementation, a flue gas channel 10 is provided between the guide plate 4 and the tank 1 provided in this embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the narrowest part of the flue gas channel 10 occupies about 1 / 5 of the inner diameter of the tank 1, ensuring smooth flow of the flow field.

[0026] Furthermore, in specific implementation, the guide plate 4 provided in this utility model embodiment is made of metal or ceramic material, which can withstand reaction temperature and corrosion and adapt to the reaction conditions inside the tank 1.

[0027] Furthermore, in a specific implementation, the partition 2 provided in this utility model embodiment is provided with a slot for fitting the guide plate 4, which facilitates maintenance and replacement.

[0028] Furthermore, in a specific implementation, the exhaust pipe 13 provided in this embodiment of the present invention is equipped with a leak-proof mesh. Specifically, the leak-proof mesh is made of metal wire mesh, which allows flue gas to pass freely while blocking catalyst particles from entering the exhaust pipe 13 and the heat exchanger, ensuring a stable catalyst concentration in the lower bed.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the main structure is completely the same as in Embodiment 1, the difference being that the guide plate 4 is an arc plate, and the opening of the guide plate 4 faces the outlet pipe 13. This reduces turbulence and pressure drop during flue gas flow, making it particularly suitable for high-velocity conditions. When the flue gas flows from the center towards the outlet pipe 13, the arc-shaped surface guides the airflow to smoothly change direction, avoiding energy loss and local eddies caused by right-angle turns, and improving the uniformity of gas passing through the catalyst bed 3.

[0031] Example 3

[0032] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the main structure is completely the same as in Embodiment 1. The difference is that the guide plate 4 is a folded plate, and the opening of the guide plate 4 faces the center of the tank 1. Specifically, the guide plate 4 is a V-shaped folded plate with a right angle or an obtuse angle, which forces the flue gas to diffuse laterally within the catalyst bed 3.

[0033] Example 4

[0034] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the main structure is completely the same as in Embodiment 1. The difference is that the guide plate 4 is a folded plate, and the opening of the guide plate 4 faces the exhaust pipe 13. Specifically, the guide plate 4 is a V-shaped folded plate with a right angle or an obtuse angle, which forcibly changes the airflow direction and produces a strong guiding effect on the high-speed flue gas.

Claims

1. A fixed-bed reactor temperature equalization and flow guiding structure, comprising a tank (1), wherein the top of the tank (1) is connected to an inlet manifold (11), and the bottom of the tank (1) is connected to an outlet manifold (12), characterized in that, The tank (1) is divided into several catalyst beds (3) by partitions (2). The catalyst beds (3) are connected to the heat exchanger through the gas outlet pipe (13) provided on the side wall of the tank (1) and then enter the center of the next catalyst bed (3) through the gas inlet pipe (14) provided on the side wall of the tank (1). A guide plate (4) is provided in the catalyst bed (3). The guide plate (4) is arranged on the line connecting the center of the tank (1) and the gas outlet pipe (13) to guide the flue gas to diffuse around the catalyst bed (3).

2. The fixed-bed reactor temperature equalization and flow guiding structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide plate (4) is an arc plate or a folded plate.

3. The fixed-bed reactor temperature equalization and flow guiding structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The opening of the guide plate (4) faces the center of the air outlet pipe (13) or the tank (1).

4. The fixed-bed reactor temperature equalization and flow guiding structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide plate (4) is symmetrically arranged on the partition plate (2).

5. The fixed-bed reactor temperature equalization and flow guiding structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A flue gas passage (10) is provided between the guide plate (4) and the tank (1).

6. The fixed-bed reactor temperature equalization and flow guiding structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide plate (4) is made of metal or ceramic material.

7. The fixed-bed reactor temperature equalization and flow guiding structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The partition (2) has a slot for inserting the guide plate (4).

8. The fixed-bed reactor temperature equalization and flow guiding structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air outlet pipe (13) is equipped with a leak-proof mesh.

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