Positive and negative pressure material dehydration device
By utilizing the screening structure and vacuum suction technology of the positive and negative pressure material dewatering device, the problems of large footprint, high investment, difficult construction, and low efficiency of dewatering devices in traditional underground coal mining have been solved, achieving efficient and low-cost coal dewatering and simplifying installation and maintenance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 岳广礼
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-28
AI Technical Summary
In existing underground coal mining, traditional dewatering devices occupy a large area, require high investment, are difficult to construct, have low dewatering efficiency, and are difficult to install and dismantle, posing safety hazards.
The positive and negative pressure material dewatering device adopts a combination of inclined screen structure, positive pressure air supply and negative pressure suction to achieve efficient dewatering of fine particulate materials. The device can directly replace the chute at the head of the coal flow conveyor. It uses electro-hydraulic gate to control the flow rate and vacuum tank to provide a vacuum environment. The design of funnel-shaped ventilation holes and dewatering holes avoids clogging.
It achieves efficient and low-cost coal dewatering, occupies a small area, is easy to install and maintain, has a high dewatering rate, and avoids the safety hazards of traditional equipment.
Smart Images
Figure CN224175465U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of coal dewatering technology, specifically to a positive and negative pressure material dewatering device. Background Technology
[0002] In underground coal mining, water seepage often occurs during coal extraction, posing a significant safety hazard to underground coal transportation and hoisting. To eliminate this hazard, the current main solution is to install vibrating dewatering screens and roller screens in the transportation roadways for dewatering.
[0003] The main problems with installing vibrating dewatering screens and roller screens during transportation are as follows:
[0004] First, it occupies a large area. The belt conveyor head, head chute, dewatering screen, dewatering screen under-chute, and transfer belt conveyor tail, plus the equipment installation, maintenance, and lifting equipment, total in height of over ten meters. This makes underground roadway construction and support difficult and costly, and for mines with poor geological conditions, it poses significant safety hazards for roadway construction and support.
[0005] Second, the investment is large. Due to the large area and height of the site, the cost of tunnel development is high; generally, two-stage dehydration is required to achieve the dehydration target, and the equipment is large-scale and expensive.
[0006] Third, the dewatering efficiency is low. Due to the limited processing capacity of the screen, when the instantaneous coal flow rate is large and the moisture content is high, the dewatering target cannot be met.
[0007] Fourth, installation and dismantling are difficult. Because the equipment is large, the transportation from the mine shaft to the installation site is difficult due to the limited space underground, resulting in high costs and long installation periods. The same problems are encountered during major equipment overhaul and dismantling. Utility Model Content
[0008] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a positive and negative pressure material dehydration device that has a small footprint and space, low modification cost, high dehydration rate, and is easy to install and dismantle.
[0009] The technical solution of this utility model is implemented as follows:
[0010] A positive and negative pressure material dewatering device includes a screening structure installed at the feed end and arranged at an inclination.
[0011] Directly below the screening structure are inclined positive pressure chambers and negative pressure chambers, and the space between the positive pressure chamber and the negative pressure chamber forms the material discharge channel.
[0012] The surface of the positive pressure chamber has several downward-facing ventilation holes arranged in a matrix, and positive air is supplied from the positive pressure chamber to the negative pressure chamber in the material discharge channel; the surface of the negative pressure chamber has several upward-facing dehydration holes arranged in a matrix, and all dehydration holes are connected to the drain pipe at the lower end of the negative pressure chamber.
[0013] Using the above solution, the positive and negative pressure material dewatering device can directly replace the chute at the head of the traditional coal conveyor. After replacement, it adds a dewatering function to the material. This dewatering function works by positive pressure air supply + negative pressure dewatering, and only dewaters the fine particles screened out, resulting in a higher dewatering rate. Compared with commonly used vibrating screens and roller screens, the positive and negative pressure material dewatering device has advantages such as small footprint, low investment, and simple installation, maintenance, and operation management.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment of a positive and negative pressure material dewatering device, the angle between the screen structure and the horizontal plane is 40-50°; wherein, the screen structure is a fixed sliding screen.
[0015] In order to achieve material screening, the fixed sliding screen is tilted, and small materials fall freely through the fixed sliding screen, while large materials roll down along the tilt direction of the fixed sliding screen.
[0016] In a preferred embodiment of a positive and negative pressure material dewatering device, an electro-hydraulic gate is also installed directly below the screening structure.
[0017] By adopting the above scheme, in order to better control the flow rate of material at the screening structure, the flow rate at the screening structure can be flexibly adjusted by installing an electro-hydraulic gate. When dehydration is required, the electro-hydraulic gate is opened; when dehydration is not required, the electro-hydraulic gate is closed, and the positive and negative pressure air supply system composed of the positive and negative pressure chambers stops working.
[0018] In a preferred embodiment of a positive and negative pressure material dewatering device, the positive pressure chamber and the negative pressure chamber are parallel to each other and the angle between them and the horizontal plane is 50-70°.
[0019] By adopting the above scheme, in order to improve the dewatering efficiency of materials, the feeding channel between the positive pressure chamber and the negative pressure chamber is set at an angle, which allows the materials to be conveyed and dewatered at the same time, greatly improving the dewatering efficiency of materials.
[0020] In a preferred embodiment of a positive and negative pressure material dewatering device, the positive pressure chamber is connected to a positive pressure tank via a pipeline, and a positive pressure regulating valve is installed on the pipeline.
[0021] In order to achieve positive pressure air supply to the positive pressure chamber using the above scheme, air is supplied from the positive pressure tank to the positive pressure chamber through pipelines, and the air volume is adjusted by the positive pressure regulating valve.
[0022] In a preferred embodiment of a positive and negative pressure material dehydration device, the negative pressure chamber is connected to a vacuum tank via a pipeline, and a negative pressure regulating valve is installed on the pipeline; a steam-water separator is installed on the vacuum tank.
[0023] In order to achieve negative pressure dehydration in the negative pressure chamber, the vacuum tank provides a vacuum environment, and water is pumped into the negative pressure chamber through the vacuum tank via pipeline. The dehydration speed is adjusted by the negative pressure regulating valve. The design of the vacuum tank and the gas-water separator enables the separation of gas, material and water from the dehydrated water and fine particulate material, and the water and fine particulate material are quickly discharged.
[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the positive and negative pressure material dewatering device, an electro-hydraulic gate 2 and an electro-hydraulic gate 3 are also installed in the negative pressure chamber, wherein the electro-hydraulic gate 2 is close to the pipe connected to the vacuum tank, and the electro-hydraulic gate 3 is close to the location where the drain pipe is connected.
[0025] Using the above scheme, in order to better control the discharge of water and fine particulate material in the negative pressure chamber, under normal dehydration conditions, the electro-hydraulic gate 2 is in the open state and the electro-hydraulic gate 3 is in the closed state, so that the negative pressure chamber is sealed. When it is necessary to discharge water and fine particulate material, the electro-hydraulic gate 2 is closed and the electro-hydraulic gate 3 is opened to discharge, so as to avoid backflow of the vacuum tank.
[0026] In a preferred embodiment of a positive and negative pressure material dewatering device, the ventilation hole is a trumpet-shaped hole with an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section, wherein the diameter of the ventilation hole facing outward is smaller than its diameter facing inward; the dewatering hole is a trumpet-shaped hole with an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section, wherein the diameter of the dewatering hole facing outward is smaller than its diameter facing inward.
[0027] In order to avoid clogging of the ventilation holes and dehydration holes, the above scheme is adopted. Both the ventilation holes and dehydration holes are designed as flared holes. In this way, impurities are not easily stuck in the ventilation holes or dehydration holes, making them less prone to clogging.
[0028] After adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0029] 1. This positive and negative pressure material dewatering device can directly replace the chute at the head of the traditional coal conveyor. After replacement, it adds a dewatering function to the material. This dewatering function works by positive pressure air supply + negative pressure dewatering, and only dewaters the fine particles screened out, resulting in a higher dewatering rate. Compared with commonly used vibrating screens and roller screens, this positive and negative pressure material dewatering device has advantages such as small footprint, low investment, and simple installation, maintenance, and operation management.
[0030] 2. In order to achieve material screening, the fixed sliding screen is set at an angle. Small materials pass through the fixed sliding screen and fall freely, while large materials roll down along the inclined direction of the fixed sliding screen.
[0031] To better control the material flow rate at the screening structure, an electro-hydraulic gate is installed to flexibly adjust the flow rate when feeding material at the screening structure. When dehydration is required, the electro-hydraulic gate is opened; when dehydration is not required, the electro-hydraulic gate is closed, and the positive and negative pressure air supply system composed of the positive and negative pressure chambers stops working.
[0032] 3. In order to improve the dewatering efficiency of materials, the feeding channel between the positive pressure chamber and the negative pressure chamber is set at an angle, which can dewater materials while conveying them, greatly improving the dewatering efficiency of materials.
[0033] 4. In order to achieve positive pressure air supply to the positive pressure chamber, air is supplied from the positive pressure tank to the positive pressure chamber through pipelines, and the air volume is adjusted by the positive pressure regulating valve;
[0034] 5. In order to achieve negative pressure dehydration in the negative pressure chamber, a vacuum tank provides a vacuum environment. Water is drawn into the negative pressure chamber through the vacuum tank and pipeline. The dehydration speed is adjusted by the negative pressure regulating valve. The design of vacuum tank and gas-water separator enables the separation of gas, material and water of dehydrated water and fine particulate material, and the water and fine particulate material are quickly discharged.
[0035] 6. In order to better control the discharge of water and fine particulate matter in the negative pressure chamber, under normal dehydration, electro-hydraulic gate 2 is in the open state and electro-hydraulic gate 3 is in the closed state, so that the negative pressure chamber is sealed. When it is necessary to discharge water and fine particulate matter, electro-hydraulic gate 2 is closed and electro-hydraulic gate 3 is opened to discharge, so as to avoid backflow of vacuum tank.
[0036] 7. To prevent the ventilation holes and dehydration holes from becoming clogged, both ventilation holes and dehydration holes are designed as funnel holes. This makes it less likely for impurities to get stuck in the ventilation holes or dehydration holes, thus preventing them from becoming clogged. Attached Figure Description
[0037] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a positive and negative pressure material dewatering device.
[0039] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the main structure during coal transportation;
[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a fixed sliding screen.
[0041] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the surface of the positive pressure chamber;
[0042] Figure 5 For along Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the location of the ventilation opening;
[0043] Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the surface of the negative pressure chamber;
[0044] Figure 7 For along Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the location of the dewatering hole;
[0045] The markings in the diagram are: 1-Fixed sliding screen; 2-Positive pressure chamber; 3-Negative pressure chamber; 4-Ventilation hole; 5-Dehydration hole; 6-Dehydration hole; 7-Electro-hydraulic gate one; 8-Positive pressure tank; 9-Positive pressure regulating valve; 10-Vacuum tank; 11-Negative pressure regulating valve; 12-Electro-hydraulic gate two; 13-Electro-hydraulic gate three; 14-Belt conveyor; 15-Coal before screening; 16-Fine particulate coal; 17-Large piece coal. Detailed Implementation
[0046] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, a positive and negative pressure material dewatering device includes a screen structure installed at the feed end and arranged at an angle; a positive pressure chamber 2 and a negative pressure chamber 3 are connected at an angle directly below the screen structure, and the space between the positive pressure chamber 2 and the negative pressure chamber 3 forms a discharge channel; the surface of the positive pressure chamber 2 has several matrix-distributed downward-facing ventilation holes 4, and positive pressure air is supplied from the positive pressure chamber 2 to the negative pressure chamber 3 in the discharge channel; the surface of the negative pressure chamber 3 has several matrix-distributed upward-facing dewatering holes 6, and all dewatering holes 6 are connected to a drain pipe connected to the lower end of the negative pressure chamber 3. This positive and negative pressure material dewatering device can directly replace the chute at the head of a traditional coal conveyor, and after replacement, it adds a dewatering function to the material. This dewatering function works by positive pressure air supply + negative pressure dewatering, and only dewaters the fine particles screened out, resulting in a higher dewatering rate; compared with commonly used vibrating screens and roller screens, this positive and negative pressure material dewatering device has advantages such as small footprint, low investment, and simple installation, maintenance, and operation management.
[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 3As shown, the angle between the screening structure and the horizontal plane is 40-50°, with the optimal angle being 45°; the screening structure is a fixed sliding screen 1. To achieve material screening, the fixed sliding screen 1 is set at an angle, allowing small materials to fall freely through the fixed sliding screen 1, while large materials roll down along the inclined direction of the fixed sliding screen 1.
[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, an electro-hydraulic gate 7 is also installed directly below the screening structure. In order to better control the flow rate of material at the screening structure, the flow rate when feeding material at the screening structure can be flexibly adjusted by installing the electro-hydraulic gate 7; when dehydration is required, the electro-hydraulic gate 7 is opened; when dehydration is not required, the electro-hydraulic gate 7 is closed, and the positive and negative pressure air supply system composed of the positive pressure chamber 2 and the negative pressure chamber 3 stops working.
[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the positive pressure chamber 2 and the negative pressure chamber 3 are parallel to each other, and the angle between them and the horizontal plane is 50-70°, with the optimal angle being 60°. In order to improve the dewatering efficiency of the material, the feeding channel between the positive pressure chamber 2 and the negative pressure chamber 3 is set at an angle, which allows the material to be conveyed and dewatered at the same time, greatly improving the dewatering efficiency of the material.
[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the positive pressure chamber 2 is connected to the positive pressure tank 8 via a pipe, and a positive pressure regulating valve 9 is installed on the pipe. In order to achieve positive pressure air supply to the positive pressure chamber 2, the positive pressure tank 8 supplies air to the positive pressure chamber 2 through the pipe, and the air volume is adjusted by the positive pressure regulating valve 9.
[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, the negative pressure chamber 3 is connected to the vacuum tank 10 via a pipe, and a negative pressure regulating valve 11 is installed on the pipe; a steam-water separator is installed on the vacuum tank 10. In order to achieve negative pressure dehydration in the negative pressure chamber 3, the vacuum tank 10 provides a vacuum environment, and water is drawn into the negative pressure chamber 3 through the pipe via the vacuum tank 10. The dehydration speed is adjusted by the negative pressure regulating valve 11. The design of the vacuum tank 10 and the steam-water separator enables the separation of gas, material, and water in the dehydrated water and fine particulate material, and the water and fine particulate material are quickly discharged.
[0053] like Figure 1As shown, electro-hydraulic gate 2 12 and electro-hydraulic gate 3 13 are also installed in the negative pressure chamber 3. Electro-hydraulic gate 2 12 is located near the pipe connecting to the vacuum tank 10, and electro-hydraulic gate 3 13 is located near the drain pipe. In order to better control the discharge of water and perforated fine particulate material in the negative pressure chamber 3, under normal dehydration conditions, electro-hydraulic gate 2 12 is in the open state and electro-hydraulic gate 3 13 is in the closed state, so that the negative pressure chamber 3 forms a sealed state. When it is necessary to discharge water and perforated fine particulate material, electro-hydraulic gate 2 12 is closed and electro-hydraulic gate 3 13 is opened to discharge, so as to prevent backflow into the vacuum tank 10.
[0054] like Figures 4 to 7 As shown, ventilation hole 4 is a funnel-shaped hole with an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section, where the outward diameter of ventilation hole 4 is smaller than its inward diameter; dehydration hole 6 is also a funnel-shaped hole with an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section, where the outward diameter of dehydration hole 6 is smaller than its inward diameter. To prevent clogging of ventilation hole 4 and dehydration hole 6, both are designed as funnel-shaped holes. This makes it less likely for impurities to get stuck in ventilation hole 4 or dehydration hole 6, thus preventing clogging.
[0055] The working principle of this utility model:
[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, before coal transportation and dewatering, the positive and negative pressure material dewatering device is installed between two belt conveyors 14, where the two belt conveyors 14 have a certain height difference. The fixed sliding screen 1 of the positive and negative pressure material dewatering device is close to the unloading end of the upper belt conveyor 14, and the negative pressure chamber 3 of the positive and negative pressure material dewatering device is close to the feeding end of the lower belt conveyor 14.
[0057] During coal transportation, the coal 15 before screening is conveyed by the upper belt conveyor 14. When the electro-hydraulic gate 7 is closed, the coal 15 before screening falls and rolls down the inclined fixed sliding screen to the lower belt conveyor 14. Then the coal is conveyed along the lower belt conveyor 14.
[0058] During coal dewatering, the coal 15 before screening is conveyed by the upper belt conveyor 14. The electro-hydraulic gate 7 is opened, and the coal 15 before screening falls onto the inclined fixed sliding screen 1. After screening by the fixed sliding screen 1, the fine coal particles 16 pass through the fixed sliding screen 1 and fall freely into the feeding channel, while the large coal pieces 17 roll down along the inclined direction of the fixed sliding screen 1 onto the lower belt conveyor 14. Subsequently, the dewatered coal is conveyed along the lower belt conveyor 14.
[0059] Since large pieces of coal 17 contain almost no water, while fine particles of coal 16 have a high moisture content, when the fine particles of coal 16 enter the feeding channel, air is supplied from the positive pressure tank 8 to the positive pressure chamber 2 through the pipeline. At this time, positive pressure air is supplied from the positive pressure chamber 2 to the negative pressure chamber 3 in the feeding channel, and a vacuum environment is provided by the vacuum tank 10. Water is pumped from the vacuum tank 10 to the negative pressure chamber 3 through the pipeline. This dehydration function works by using positive pressure air supply + negative pressure dehydration, which has a higher dehydration rate. Finally, the dehydrated fine particles of coal 16 fall onto the lower belt conveyor 14, and then the dehydrated coal is conveyed along the lower belt conveyor 14. Under normal dehydration conditions, the electro-hydraulic gate 2 12 is in the open state and the electro-hydraulic gate 3 13 is in the closed state, so that the negative pressure chamber 3 forms a sealed state. When it is necessary to discharge water and perforated fine particles, the electro-hydraulic gate 2 12 is closed and the electro-hydraulic gate 3 13 is opened for discharge to prevent backflow from the vacuum tank 10.
[0060] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A positive and negative pressure material dewatering device, comprising a screen structure installed at the feed end and arranged at an inclination; Its features are: The screen structure is connected to an inclined positive pressure chamber and a negative pressure chamber directly below it, and the space between the positive pressure chamber and the negative pressure chamber forms a material discharge channel. The surface of the positive pressure chamber has several downward-facing ventilation holes arranged in a matrix, and positive pressure air is supplied from the positive pressure chamber to the negative pressure chamber in the material discharge channel; the surface of the negative pressure chamber has several upward-facing dehydration holes arranged in a matrix, and all dehydration holes are connected to the drain pipe connected to the lower end of the negative pressure chamber.
2. The positive and negative pressure material dewatering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the screening structure and the horizontal plane is 40-50°.
3. The positive and negative pressure material dewatering device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The screening structure is a fixed sliding screen.
4. The positive and negative pressure material dewatering device according to claim 3, characterized in that: An electro-hydraulic gate is also installed directly below the screening structure.
5. The positive and negative pressure material dewatering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive pressure chamber and the negative pressure chamber are parallel to each other, and the angle between them and the horizontal plane is 50-70°.
6. The positive and negative pressure material dewatering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positive pressure chamber is connected to the positive pressure tank via a pipe, and a positive pressure regulating valve is installed on the pipe.
7. The positive and negative pressure material dewatering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative pressure chamber is connected to the vacuum tank via a pipe, and a negative pressure regulating valve is installed on the pipe; a steam-water separator is installed on the vacuum tank.
8. The positive and negative pressure material dewatering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative pressure chamber is also equipped with electro-hydraulic gate 2 and electro-hydraulic gate 3, wherein electro-hydraulic gate 2 is located near the pipe connecting to the vacuum tank, and electro-hydraulic gate 3 is located near the drain pipe.
9. The positive and negative pressure material dewatering device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The ventilation hole is a trumpet-shaped hole with an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section, wherein the diameter of the ventilation hole facing outward is smaller than the diameter facing inward.
10. The positive and negative pressure material dewatering device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The dehydration hole is a funnel-shaped hole with an isosceles trapezoidal cross-section, wherein the diameter of the outward-facing hole is smaller than the diameter of the inward-facing hole.