Anti-creeping perovskite solar cell and anti-leakage packaging structure thereof

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of cells, and provides an anti-creeping perovskite solar cell and an anti-leakage packaging structure thereof, the anti-creeping perovskite solar cell comprises an FTO film layer, an electron transmission layer and a perovskite layer, the FTO film layer, the electron transmission layer and the perovskite layer are sequentially stacked, the electron transmission layer is arranged on the back surface of the FTO film layer, and the electron transmission layer is arranged on the back surface of the perovskite layer; a passivation layer is arranged on the back of the perovskite layer, a hole transport layer is arranged on the back of the passivation layer, and a back electrode deposition layer is arranged on the back of the hole transport layer. According to the utility model, efficient photoelectric conversion is realized through the orderly stacked structure of the FTO film layer, the electron transport layer, the perovskite layer, the passivation layer, the hole transport layer, the back electrode deposition layer, the conductive glass and the back plate glass, and the electric leakage phenomenon is effectively prevented through the close fit between the layers and the connection design of the back plate glass and the conductive glass, so that the service life of the solar cell is prolonged. And the stability and the safety of the solar cell are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of battery technology, specifically a leakage-proof perovskite solar cell and its leakage-proof encapsulation structure. Background Technology

[0002] Boehmite solar cells are third-generation solar cells that utilize perovskite-type organometal halide semiconductors as light-absorbing materials. Also known as novel concept solar cells, they work by first absorbing photons in the perovskite layer when exposed to sunlight, generating electron-hole pairs. Due to the difference in exciton binding energy within the perovskite material, these charge carriers either become free carriers or form excitons. Furthermore, because these perovskite materials often exhibit low carrier recombination probability and high carrier mobility, they result in long carrier diffusion distances and lifetimes.

[0003] Currently, the multilayer heterogeneous structure of perovskite solar cells is prone to defect states at the interfaces, leading to carrier recombination and leakage current. Especially under high humidity, high temperature, or mechanical stress environments, ion migration and material degradation at the interlayer interfaces exacerbate leakage, resulting in a significant decrease in battery efficiency or even failure. Existing encapsulation technologies mostly employ epoxy resin or glass-glass laminate structures, but their sealing performance and interfacial compatibility are insufficient, making it difficult to effectively prevent water and oxygen intrusion, and also unable to suppress leakage problems caused by interlayer ion diffusion. Furthermore, micro-gaps easily form at the connection between the conductive glass and the backplane glass in traditional encapsulation processes, further increasing the risk of leakage and lead leakage. Lead is a toxic heavy metal with significant negative impacts on the environment and organisms. When these toxic Pb elements enter the human body, they hinder normal bodily functions, causing serious symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, and general weakness, threatening human health. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a leakage-proof perovskite solar cell and its leakage-proof encapsulation structure.

[0005] A leakage-proof perovskite solar cell, comprising:

[0006] An FTO film, an electron transport layer, and a perovskite layer are stacked sequentially, with the electron transport layer disposed on the back side of the FTO film and the perovskite layer.

[0007] A passivation layer is disposed on the back side of the perovskite layer, a hole transport layer is disposed on the back side of the passivation layer, and a back electrode deposition layer is disposed on the back side of the hole transport layer.

[0008] Preferably, the front side of the FTO film layer is provided with conductive glass.

[0009] Preferably, a backplate glass is provided on the back side of the back electrode deposition layer, and the opening end of the backplate glass is connected to the opening end of the conductive glass.

[0010] A leakage-proof encapsulation structure for a perovskite solar cell includes a sealing groove, which is installed on the outer surface of a backsheet glass. A sealing ring is provided inside the sealing groove, and the sealing ring abuts against the connection between the backsheet glass and the conductive glass.

[0011] An encapsulation groove is installed on the outer surface of conductive glass, and the encapsulation groove is inserted into the inside of a sealing groove;

[0012] A connecting component is installed inside the sealing groove and the encapsulation groove, the connecting component being used to connect the sealing groove and the encapsulation groove.

[0013] Preferably, a pressure ring is provided inside the encapsulation groove, and the pressure ring abuts against the upper end of the sealing ring.

[0014] Preferably, the connecting component includes a slot formed inside the sealing groove, a connecting groove formed at the lower end of the sealing groove, an elastic element provided inside the connecting groove, a ramp plate provided at the upper end of the elastic element, the ramp plate being slidably connected to the connecting groove, and an elastic buckle provided at the upper end of the ramp plate, the elastic buckle being engaged inside the slot.

[0015] Preferably, a bolt is threaded onto one side of the sealing groove, the front end of the bolt passes through the connecting groove, and a retaining ring is provided at the front end of the bolt, the retaining ring being slidably connected to the inclined end of the ramp plate.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. This utility model achieves efficient photoelectric conversion through an ordered stacked structure of FTO film, electron transport layer, perovskite layer, passivation layer, hole transport layer, back electrode deposition layer, conductive glass and backsheet glass. Furthermore, through the tight cooperation between each layer and the connection design between the backsheet glass and the conductive glass, leakage is effectively prevented, thereby improving the stability and safety of the solar cell.

[0018] 2. This utility model achieves multiple seals and tight fixation through the synergistic action of the sealing groove, encapsulation groove, sealing ring, and connecting components. The sealing ring initially prevents external air, moisture, and impurities from entering the battery through the gap between the backplate glass and the conductive glass, preventing leakage of electricity and liquid. After the encapsulation groove is inserted into the sealing groove, the pressure ring further tightens the sealing ring, enhancing the sealing effect. The rotating bolt tightens the elastic buckle, while the pressure ring presses against the sealing ring, ensuring sealing and stability, effectively preventing leakage of electricity, improving battery safety and reliability, and ensuring its stable operation in different environments. Furthermore, it facilitates and speeds up the encapsulation of solar cells, improving encapsulation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the leak-proof packaging structure of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the separation structure of the leak-proof packaging structure of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 For the present utility model Figure 3 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting component of this utility model.

[0024] In the picture:

[0025] 1. Conductive glass; 2. FTO film layer; 3. Electron transport layer; 4. Perovskite layer; 5. Passivation layer; 6. Hole transport layer; 7. Back electrode deposition layer; 8. Backplate glass; 9. Sealing groove; 10. Sealing ring; 11. Encapsulation groove; 12. Pressure ring; 13. Connecting assembly; 131. Slot; 132. Connecting groove; 133. Elastic element; 134. Ramp plate; 135. Abutment ring; 136. Bolt; 137. Elastic buckle. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. It should be noted that the drawings are schematic and not illustrated to scale. For clarity and convenience, the relative sizes and proportions of the parts shown in the drawings have been exaggerated or reduced in size. Any size is only illustrative and not limiting.

[0027] Example 1:

[0028] refer to Figure 1 This utility model provides a leakage-proof perovskite solar cell, characterized in that it includes:

[0029] FTO film 2, electron transport layer 3 and perovskite layer 4 are stacked sequentially, with electron transport layer 3 disposed on the back side of FTO film 2 and perovskite layer 4.

[0030] A passivation layer 5 is disposed on the back side of the perovskite layer 4, a hole transport layer 6 is disposed on the back side of the passivation layer 5, and a back electrode deposition layer 7 is disposed on the back side of the hole transport layer 6.

[0031] A conductive glass 1 is disposed on the front side of the FTO film layer 2.

[0032] A backplate glass 8 is provided on the back side of the back electrode deposition layer 7, and the opening end of the backplate glass 8 is connected to the opening end of the conductive glass 1.

[0033] The fabrication steps of this perovskite solar cell include:

[0034] (1) FTO substrate fabrication: P1 line was laser-etched on the FTO substrate using a power of 12W, a pulse width of 100ns and a repetition frequency of 100kHz to obtain a etch width of 30μm.

[0035] (2) Cleaning of FTO substrate: Sonic treatment with tetramethylammonium hydroxide cleaner, isopropanol, ethanol and pure water for 20 min each, treatment temperature 50℃, and hot air drying for later use;

[0036] (3) FTO substrate treatment: The cleaned FTO substrate was treated with Ar plasma for 1 min, sputtered with 20 nm NiOx, RF power supply, sputtering power 1000 W, working pressure 0.3 Pa, oxygen doping 1%, and the substrate was stored in a nitrogen cabinet after the NiOx layer was prepared.

[0037] (4) Preparation of the hole transport layer: The hole transport layer was prepared by chemical bath method, in which the NiOx substrate was immersed in a solution containing 0.3 mmol L -1 The substrate was immersed in a methanol solution of Me-4PACz. After 10 minutes, it was annealed at 100°C for 5 minutes. Then, the substrate was rinsed a second time in methanol and placed in an oven to pass through an N2O2 solution. 2 dry;

[0038] (5) Preparation of the perovskite light-absorbing layer: Prepare a 1.3M perovskite solution with the following composition: FA 0.85 Cs 0.15For 1 ml of perovskite solution, 190.025 mg FAI50, 663 mg CsI, and 629.28 mg PbI2 are weighed out, along with an additional 13.504 mg of MACl as an additive to aid perovskite crystallization. These are dissolved in a DMF:DMSO ratio of 9:1 (v / v) and stirred at 30°C with a magnetic stir bar for 3-5 hours. After complete dissolution, the perovskite solution is filtered through a 0.22 μm organic filter. A slot coater is then used to prepare the perovskite film. First, the perovskite solution is filled to the head of the coater, and a portion is drained to rinse the head, facilitating the rapid formation of a continuous liquid film. The distance between the cutter head and the substrate was adjusted to 0.15 mm, the cutting head forward speed was 5 mm / s, and the liquid injection volume was 0.16 ml / min. After coating, a complete liquid film was formed. The liquid film was then moved into a vacuum flash evaporator using a vacuum-assisted crystallization method. The vacuum was quickly evaporated until it was below 10 Pa. After flash evaporation, the perovskite film changed from light color to brown. The substrate was then removed and placed on a hot plate for annealing at 150°C for 15 min. After annealing, the substrate was placed in a nitrogen cabinet for later use.

[0039] (6) Preparation of surface passivation layer: Prepare PEAI (0.5mg / ml) solution and dissolve it in IPA. Stir to dissolve and continue to coat using a slot coater. Select a speed of 20mm / s and a distance of 0.1mm between the substrate and the cutter head. After coating, anneal at 120℃ for 10min to form surface passivation layer.

[0040] (7) Fabrication of the electron transport layer: A 30 nm thick C60 layer was deposited using a large-scale vacuum evaporation equipment, with a vacuum level requirement of less than -4. * 10 5 Pa, heating the organic source to about 360°C will cause C60 to gradually evaporate. Once the rate stabilizes at 0.2-0.3 A / s, the baffle is opened to begin depositing C60 onto the substrate.

[0041] (8) Preparation of hole blocking layer: SnO2 blocking layer was prepared using atomic force deposition equipment. The ratio of Sn source and water was adjusted to ensure a vacuum degree of less than -4. * 10 5 Pa, a total of 200 cycles, the final SnO2 layer thickness measured by a profilometer is approximately 25 nm;

[0042] (9) Perovskite module segmentation: The entire perovskite module is segmented into individual cells and connected in series. P2 needs to be cut out by laser. Laser scribing is performed with a power of 6W, a pulse width of 100ns and a repetition frequency of 70kHz to obtain a scribing width of about 100μm.

[0043] (10) Perovskite module evaporation: 100nm Ag is then deposited using a vacuum evaporation device, with a vacuum level requirement of less than -5.* 10 5 Pa, evaporation rate approximately 0.5 A / s;

[0044] (11) P3 lines were laser-etched on the electrode with a power of 6W, a pulse width of 100ns and a repetition rate of 70kHz to obtain a etch width of 60μm.

[0045] (12) Deposition of antireflection layer: 100 nm MgF2 is deposited on the FTO glass side by vapor deposition, with a vacuum degree required to be less than -5. * 10 5 Pa, evaporation deposition rate 1A / s, the current will be significantly increased during testing.

[0046] Detailed implementation: When sunlight shines on the surface of the solar cell, the light passes sequentially through the conductive glass 1 and the FTO film layer 2, reaching the perovskite layer 4. The perovskite layer 4, as the main light-absorbing layer, can efficiently absorb the visible light portion of the solar spectrum, exciting a large number of electron-hole pairs.

[0047] Electrons generated in the perovskite layer 4 migrate towards the electron transport layer 3 under the influence of the built-in electric field, while holes move towards the hole transport layer 6. The electron transport layer 3, located on the back side of the FTO film layer 2, primarily collects electrons transported from the perovskite layer 4 and transfers them to the FTO film layer 2, from where they are led out to the external circuit via the conductive glass 1. The hole transport layer 6, also located on the back side of the perovskite layer 4, effectively transports holes, prevents recombination during transport, and ensures that holes can successfully reach the back electrode deposition layer 7.

[0048] The passivation layer 5 is disposed between the back side of the perovskite layer 4 and the hole transport layer 6. It can effectively passivate the defect states on the surface of the perovskite layer 4, reduce the recombination probability of electron-hole pairs on the surface of the perovskite layer 4, thereby improving the lifetime and mobility of charge carriers, and thus improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0049] The back electrode deposition layer 7 is disposed on the back side of the hole transport layer 6. Its main function is to collect the holes transported from the hole transport layer 6 and lead the holes out to the back sheet glass 8 to form a closed loop. The back sheet glass 8 serves to support and protect the entire solar cell structure. At the same time, its open end is connected to the open end of the conductive glass 1, ensuring good electrical connection between the layers inside the cell and the stability of the overall structure, and preventing leakage.

[0050] In summary, this leakage-proof perovskite solar cell achieves high-efficiency photoelectric conversion through an ordered stacked structure of FTO film layer 2, electron transport layer 3, perovskite layer 4, passivation layer 5, hole transport layer 6, back electrode deposition layer 7, conductive glass 1, and backsheet glass 8. Furthermore, the tight cooperation between the layers and the connection design between backsheet glass 8 and conductive glass 1 effectively prevent leakage, thereby improving the stability and safety of the solar cell.

[0051] Example 2:

[0052] refer to Figures 2-5 The second embodiment of this utility model includes a leakage-proof encapsulation structure for a perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: it includes a sealing groove 9, which is installed on the outer surface of the back glass 8, and a sealing ring 10 is provided inside the sealing groove 9, which abuts against the connection between the back glass 8 and the conductive glass 1.

[0053] The encapsulation groove 11 is installed on the outer surface of the conductive glass 1 and is inserted into the sealing groove 9.

[0054] The connecting component 13 is installed inside the sealing groove 9 and the encapsulation groove 11, and is used to connect the sealing groove 9 and the encapsulation groove 11.

[0055] A pressure ring 12 is provided inside the sealing groove 11, and the pressure ring 12 abuts against the upper end of the sealing ring 10.

[0056] The connecting component 13 includes a slot 131 formed inside the encapsulation groove 11, a connecting groove 132 formed at the lower end of the sealing groove 9, an elastic element 133 provided inside the connecting groove 132, a ramp plate 134 provided at the upper end of the elastic element 133, the ramp plate 134 is slidably connected to the connecting groove 132, and an elastic buckle 137 is provided at the upper end of the ramp plate 134, which is engaged inside the slot 131.

[0057] A bolt 136 is threadedly connected to one side of the sealing groove 9. The front end of the bolt 136 passes through the connecting groove 132. A retaining ring 135 is provided at the front end of the bolt 136. The retaining ring 135 is slidably connected to the inclined end of the ramp plate 134.

[0058] Detailed implementation: When performing the encapsulation operation, the sealing ring 10 of the sealing groove 9 is first placed inside the sealing groove 9 and abuts against the connection between the back glass 8 and the conductive glass 1, which plays a preliminary sealing role and prevents external air, moisture and impurities from entering the solar cell from the connection gap between the back glass 8 and the conductive glass 1, preventing leakage caused by these external factors, and avoiding liquid leakage.

[0059] During encapsulation, the encapsulation groove 11 is first inserted into the sealing groove 9, and the pressure ring 12 presses against the upper end of the sealing ring 10, thereby further pressing and fixing the sealing ring 10, ensuring that the sealing ring 10 is always tightly fitted at the connection between the back glass 8 and the conductive glass 1, and also enabling the sealing ring 10 to maintain a stable position and sealing state when subjected to external pressure or environmental changes, effectively preventing leakage hazards caused by displacement or deformation of the sealing ring 10.

[0060] Then, by rotating the bolt 136, the bolt 136 moves forward inside the connecting groove 132 and the sealing groove 9. As the bolt 136 is tightened, the abutment ring 135 moves along the inclined surface of the ramp plate 134, pushing the ramp plate 134 upward. The elastic element 133 is stretched further, and the ramp plate 134 drives the elastic buckle 137 to move upward. The elastic buckle 137 gradually deforms until it is engaged inside the slot 131. At this time, the sealing groove 9 and the encapsulation groove 11 are assembled and fixed, and the front end of the abutment ring 135 presses against one side of the sealing ring 10, further enhancing the sealing effect at the connection between the sealing ring 10 and the back glass 8 and the conductive glass 1, ensuring the sealing and stability of the entire encapsulation structure, thereby effectively preventing leakage.

[0061] The encapsulation structure of this leakage-proof perovskite solar cell achieves multiple seals and tight fixation through the synergistic action of the sealing groove 9, encapsulation groove 11, sealing ring 10, and connecting component 13. The sealing ring 10 initially prevents external air, moisture, and impurities from entering the cell through the gap between the backplate glass 8 and the conductive glass 1, preventing leakage. After the encapsulation groove 11 is inserted into the sealing groove 9, the pressure ring 12 further tightens the sealing ring 10, enhancing the sealing effect. The rotating bolt 136 locks the elastic buckle 137 in place, while the abutment ring 135 presses against the sealing ring 10, ensuring sealing and stability, effectively preventing leakage, improving cell safety and reliability, and ensuring stable operation in different environments. Furthermore, it facilitates and speeds up the encapsulation of the solar cell, improving encapsulation efficiency.

[0062] All standard parts used in this invention can be purchased from the market, and irregularly shaped parts can be customized according to the description and drawings. The specific connection methods for each part all employ conventional methods such as bolts, rivets, and welding, which are mature technologies in the prior art. The machinery, parts, and equipment all use conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connections also use conventional connection methods in the prior art, which will not be detailed here. Any content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0063] In the description of this utility model, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. "A plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0064] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0065] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0066] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0067] The accompanying drawings of the embodiments disclosed in this utility model only involve the structures involved in the embodiments disclosed in this utility model. Other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the same embodiment and different embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other.

[0068] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell with leakage protection, characterized in that: include: The FTO film (2), electron transport layer (3) and perovskite layer (4) are stacked sequentially. The electron transport layer (3) is disposed on the back side of the FTO film (2) and the perovskite layer (4). A passivation layer (5) is provided on the back side of the perovskite layer (4), a hole transport layer (6) is provided on the back side of the passivation layer (5), and a back electrode deposition layer (7) is provided on the back side of the hole transport layer (6). It also includes a leak-proof encapsulation structure suitable for leak-proof perovskite solar cells, which includes a sealing groove (9) installed on the outer surface of the back glass (8), and a sealing ring (10) provided inside the sealing groove (9), the sealing ring (10) abutting against the connection between the back glass (8) and the conductive glass (1). The encapsulation groove (11) is installed on the outer surface of the conductive glass (1) and is inserted into the sealing groove (9); A connecting component (13) is installed inside the sealing groove (9) and the encapsulation groove (11), the connecting component (13) being used to connect the sealing groove (9) and the encapsulation groove (11).

2. The leakage-proof perovskite solar cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The FTO film layer (2) has a conductive glass (1) on its front side.

3. The leakage-proof perovskite solar cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The back electrode deposition layer (7) has a back plate glass (8) on its back side, and the opening end of the back plate glass (8) is connected to the opening end of the conductive glass (1).

4. The leakage-proof perovskite solar cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure ring (12) is provided inside the encapsulation groove (11), and the pressure ring (12) abuts against the upper end of the sealing ring (10).

5. The leakage-proof perovskite solar cell as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting component (13) includes a slot (131) formed inside the encapsulation groove (11), and a connecting groove (132) formed at the lower end of the sealing groove (9). An elastic element (133) is provided inside the connecting groove (132), and a ramp plate (134) is provided at the upper end of the elastic element (133). The ramp plate (134) is slidably connected to the connecting groove (132), and an elastic buckle (137) is provided at the upper end of the ramp plate (134). The elastic buckle (137) is engaged inside the slot (131).

6. The leakage-proof perovskite solar cell as described in claim 5, characterized in that: A bolt (136) is threadedly connected to one side of the sealing groove (9). The front end of the bolt (136) passes through the connecting groove (132). A retaining ring (135) is provided at the front end of the bolt (136). The retaining ring (135) is slidably connected to the inclined end of the ramp plate (134).

Images