Adaptive target

Abstract

The utility model provides an adaptive target. The adaptive target comprises a grounding structure and an inner conductor structure. A first through hole and a plurality of second through holes are formed in the grounding structure, the first through hole is formed in the center of the grounding structure, and the second through holes are formed in the edge of the grounding structure at intervals; a central conductor is arranged at one end of the inner conductor structure, an N-type interface is arranged at the other end of the inner conductor structure, the central conductor is connected with the N-type interface, and an insulator is arranged on the outer surface of the connecting position of the central conductor and the N-type interface; the grounding structure and the inner conductor structure are detachably connected; the central conductor is inserted into the first through hole and is coaxially arranged, and the outer diameter of the central conductor is smaller than the inner diameter of the first through hole. When electrostatic discharge current targets of different sizes need to be connected, the electrostatic discharge current target can be connected by selecting the grounding structure and the inner conductor structure which have the same size as the front side of the electrostatic discharge current target, so that the electrostatic discharge current target can be calibrated.

Description

An adaptive target Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of calibration electrostatic discharge current target technology, and in particular to an adapter target. Background Technology

[0002] An electrostatic discharge current target is a standard used to calibrate an electrostatic discharge simulator. It converts the discharge current of the simulator into voltage. The front structure of the electrostatic discharge current target is shown in Figure 1. From the outside in, it consists of a grounding structure 1, an insulating gap 2, and an inner conductor 3. The grounding structure 1 has multiple through holes 4 for connection. The back of the electrostatic discharge current target has a coaxial structure, typically with an N-type or SMA interface.

[0003] Insertion loss is a key calibration item for electrostatic discharge (ESD) current targets, and the calibration equipment is typically a vector network analyzer. Due to a mismatch between the front of the ESD current target and the interface of the calibration equipment, they cannot be directly connected. Therefore, an adapter target is needed to physically connect the front of the ESD current target and the interface of the calibration equipment. The diameter of the inner conductor at one end of the adapter target (the front) should be equal to the diameter of the inner conductor 3 of the ESD current target being calibrated, and it should be able to connect tightly and securely to the target. The other end (the back) should be able to connect to a coaxial cable. The function of the adapter target is to geometrically enlarge the diameter of the coaxial cable to match the diameter of the ESD current target being calibrated, specifically by enlarging the diameter of the inner conductor of the coaxial cable to match the diameter of the inner conductor 3 of the ESD current target, and by enlarging the inner diameter of the outer conductor of the coaxial cable to match the inner diameter of the grounding structure 1 of the ESD current target.

[0004] However, the sizes of calibration electrostatic discharge current targets and adapter targets produced by different manufacturers are usually different, which means that calibration electrostatic discharge current targets and adapter targets produced by different manufacturers cannot be connected, resulting in the calibration operation not being able to proceed smoothly. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an adapter target to solve the technical problem that calibration electrostatic discharge current targets and adapter targets produced by different manufacturers cannot be connected.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides an adapter target, including a grounding structure and an inner conductor structure; the grounding structure is provided with a first through hole and a plurality of second through holes, the first through hole is located at the center of the grounding structure, and the plurality of second through holes are spaced apart at the edge of the grounding structure;

[0007] One end of the inner conductor structure is provided with a central conductor, and the other end is provided with an N-type interface. The central conductor and the N-type interface are connected, and an insulator is provided on the outer surface of the connection position between the central conductor and the N-type interface.

[0008] The grounding structure and the inner conductor structure are detachably connected; the center conductor is inserted into the first through hole and is coaxially arranged, and the outer diameter of the center conductor is smaller than the inner diameter of the first through hole.

[0009] Preferably, the back of the grounding structure is provided with a groove, which is coaxially arranged with the first through hole; the inner conductor structure is provided with a connecting plate that mates with the groove, and the connecting plate is disposed between the center conductor and the N-type interface.

[0010] Preferably, the connecting plate is provided with a plurality of third through holes, and the groove is provided with a plurality of screw holes that mate with the third through holes. The connecting plate is detachably fixed in the groove by means of the third through holes, the screw holes and screws.

[0011] Preferably, the connecting plate is rectangular in shape.

[0012] Preferably, the grounding structure is cylindrical in shape.

[0013] Preferably, a plurality of second through holes are arranged around the first through hole and are evenly distributed at the edge of the grounding structure.

[0014] Preferably, the second through hole is a reducing hole, and the diameter of the second through hole near the front side of the grounding structure is smaller than the diameter near the back side of the grounding structure.

[0015] Preferably, the central conductor has a cylindrical structure.

[0016] This invention provides an adapter target, comprising a grounding structure and an inner conductor structure, which are detachably connected. When the adapter target needs to connect to electrostatic discharge current targets of different sizes from different manufacturers, a grounding structure and an inner conductor structure with the same front dimensions as the electrostatic discharge current target can be selected. After connecting the grounding structure and the inner conductor structure to form the adapter target, the front surfaces of the adapter target and the electrostatic discharge current target can fit together. The adapter target and the electrostatic discharge current target can be connected through multiple second through holes, multiple bolts, and multiple nuts, thereby calibrating the electrostatic discharge current target and improving calibration efficiency. The insertion loss of the adapter target can be calculated using the method for calculating the insertion loss of the adapter target. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of an electrostatic discharge current target in the prior art.

[0018] Figure 2 is a front view of a grounding structure for an adapter target provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the back structure of a grounding structure for an adapter target provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the AA section of Figure 3.

[0021] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the back structure of an inner conductor structure for an adapter target provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 6 is a side view of the inner conductor structure of an adapter target provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection for self-calibration of a vector network analyzer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the self-calibrated vector network analyzer, the adapter target, and the electrostatic discharge current target after link connection according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 is a flowchart of a method for calculating the insertion loss of an adaptive target according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0027] Grounding structure-1, insulation gap-2, inner conductor-3, through hole-4;

[0028] Target-10 Compatible;

[0029] Grounding structure-11, inner conductor structure-12, insulator-13;

[0030] First through hole-111, second through hole-112, groove-113, screw hole-114;

[0031] Center conductor-121, N-type interface-122, connecting plate-123, third through hole-124. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, advantages, and features of this utility model clearer, the following detailed description of the adaptable target proposed by this utility model is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the explanation of the embodiments of this utility model.

[0033] In the description of this utility model, the terms "first," "second," and other qualifiers are added for convenience of description and reference, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with qualifiers such as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0034] As shown in Figures 2-6 and 8, this embodiment provides an adapter target 10, including a grounding structure 11 and an inner conductor structure 12. The grounding structure 11 is provided with a first through hole 111 and a plurality of second through holes 112. The first through hole 111 is located at the center of the grounding structure 11, and the plurality of second through holes 112 are spaced apart at the edges of the grounding structure 11. One end of the inner conductor structure 12 is provided with a central conductor 121, and the other end is provided with an N-type interface 122. The central conductor 121 and the N-type interface 122 are connected. An insulator 13 is provided on the outer surface of the connection position between the central conductor 121 and the N-type interface 122. The grounding structure 11 and the inner conductor structure 12 are detachably connected. The central conductor 121 is inserted into the first through hole 111 and is coaxially arranged. The outer diameter of the central conductor 121 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first through hole 111. Among them, the grounding structure 11 can be made of stainless steel; the insulator 13 can be made of polytetrafluoroethylene; and the center conductor 121 can be made of beryllium bronze with gold plating on the surface.

[0035] This embodiment provides an adapter target 10, which includes a grounding structure 11 and an inner conductor structure 12, and the grounding structure 11 and the inner conductor structure 12 are detachably connected. When the adapter target 10 needs to be connected to electrostatic discharge current targets of different sizes produced by different manufacturers, the grounding structure 11 and the inner conductor structure 12 with the same front dimensions as the electrostatic discharge current target can be selected. After connecting the grounding structure 11 and the inner conductor structure 12 to form the adapter target 10, the front of the adapter target 10 and the front of the electrostatic discharge current target can fit together. The adapter target 10 and the electrostatic discharge current target can be connected through multiple second through holes 112, multiple bolts, and multiple nuts, thereby calibrating the electrostatic discharge current target and improving calibration efficiency.

[0036] Preferably, as shown in Figures 3-6, the back of the grounding structure 11 is provided with a groove 113, which is coaxially arranged with the first through hole 111; the inner conductor structure 12 is provided with a connecting plate 123 that mates with the groove 113, and the connecting plate 123 is disposed between the center conductor 121 and the N-type interface 122. Installing the connecting plate 123 in the groove 113 can improve the firmness between the inner conductor structure 12 and the grounding structure 11 and prevent the inner conductor structure 12 from shaking. The insulator 13 can isolate the center conductor 121 and the connecting plate 123, thereby insulating the center conductor 121 and the grounding structure 11.

[0037] Preferably, as shown in Figures 3-6, the connecting plate 123 is provided with a plurality of third through holes 124, and the groove 113 is provided with a plurality of screw holes 114 that mate with the third through holes 124. The connecting plate 123 is detachably fixed in the groove 113 by means of the third through holes 124, the screw holes 114, and screws. The inner conductor structure 12 can be easily installed and removed by screws. In other embodiments, the center conductor 121 can be connected to the grounding structure 11 by means of bolts or clips.

[0038] Preferably, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, the connecting plate 123 is rectangular in shape, which facilitates the processing and formation of the connecting plate 123.

[0039] Preferably, as shown in Figures 2-4, the grounding structure 11 is cylindrical. Referring to Figures 1 and 8, the front of the current electrostatic discharge current target is typically circular. To ensure that the front of the electrostatic discharge current target and the front of the adapter target 10 fit together and are of the same size, the grounding structure 11 of the adapter target 10 is designed as cylindrical.

[0040] Preferably, as shown in Figure 2, a plurality of second through holes 112 are arranged around the first through hole 111 and are evenly distributed at the edge of the grounding structure 11. Referring to Figures 1 and 8, the plurality of second through holes 112 can be aligned with the through holes 4 on the front side of the electrostatic discharge current target, and the adapter target 10 and the electrostatic discharge current target can be fixed together by bolts and nuts. The even distribution of the plurality of second through holes 112 can improve the firmness between the adapter target 10 and the electrostatic discharge current target.

[0041] Preferably, as shown in Figure 4, the second through hole 112 is a reducing hole, with the diameter of the second through hole 112 near the front of the grounding structure 11 being smaller than the diameter near the back of the grounding structure 11. This allows the bolt head or nut to be recessed into the larger diameter end of the second through hole 112, preventing the bolt head or nut from tangling with the test cable.

[0042] Preferably, as shown in FIG6, the structure of the central conductor 121 is cylindrical, which can provide the contact area between the central conductor 121 and the inner conductor of the electrostatic discharge current target.

[0043] As shown in Figure 9, based on the same technical concept as the aforementioned adapter target, this embodiment provides a method for calculating the insertion loss of an adapter target. The method is used to calculate the insertion loss of any of the adapter targets described above, and includes the following steps:

[0044] S1. As shown in Figure 7, connect the test cable and attenuator to the test port of the vector network analyzer, and calibrate the vector network analyzer.

[0045] S2. As shown in Figure 8, after aligning and fixing the front sides of an adapter target 10 and an electrostatic discharge current target link, connect them between the attenuator and the test cable, and record the S values ​​of the vector network analyzer at each frequency. 21 The magnitude value X; where the electrostatic discharge current target link includes the electrostatic discharge current target and its built-in attenuator, and the front side of the electrostatic discharge current target link represents the front side of the electrostatic discharge current target.

[0046] S3. Referring to Figure 8, replace the adapter target 10 in step S2 with another adapter target 10, and record the S values ​​of the vector network analyzer at each frequency. 21 The numerical value of the modulus Y;

[0047] S4. Referring to Figure 8, after aligning and fixing the two adapter targets 10 face to face, connect them between the attenuator and the test cable, and record the S values ​​of the vector network analyzer at each frequency. 21 The modulus value Z; at this point, the following formula can be obtained:

[0048]

[0049] Among them, I EUT The insertion loss of the electrostatic discharge current target link is represented by the unit dB for all terms in Formula 1.

[0050] S5. Determine the insertion loss of the two adapter targets 10 according to the following formula, where I A I represents the insertion loss of an adapted target 10. B Indicates the insertion loss of another adapted target 10:

[0051]

[0052] This embodiment provides a method for calculating the insertion loss of the adapter target 10, which can calculate the insertion loss of the adapter target 10. When using the adapter target 10 to calibrate an electrostatic discharge current target, the insertion loss of the adapter target 10 can be used to correct the measurement result of the insertion loss of the electrostatic discharge current target being calibrated, so as to remove the insertion loss introduced by the adapter target 10.

[0053] The adapter target 10 is usually not perfectly ideal during the manufacturing process, and imperfections will introduce errors in insertion loss. The main manifestation of imperfections in the manufacturing of the adapter target 10 is that its characteristic impedance deviates from the standard value (50Ω).

[0054] The characteristic impedance of a coaxial line has the following formula:

[0055]

[0056] Where Z0 is the theoretical characteristic impedance of the coaxial line calculated based on the design parameters;

[0057] c0 — dielectric constant in free space;

[0058] μ0 — magnetic permeability in free space;

[0059] ε r —Relative permittivity; in this embodiment, the material is polytetrafluoroethylene, ε r 2.1 is acceptable;

[0060] D – Inner diameter of the outer conductor of the coaxial line, i.e., the inner diameter of the grounding structure of the adapter target;

[0061] d — outer diameter of the inner conductor of the coaxial line, i.e., the outer diameter of the center conductor of the adapter target;

[0062] Factors affecting the accuracy of the characteristic impedance of a coaxial cable include:

[0063] 1) Deviation in diameter between inner and outer conductors

[0064] Deviations in the diameters of the inner and outer conductors caused by machining will affect the characteristic impedance of the coaxial cable. Let the deviation in the outer diameter of the inner conductor be Δd, and the deviation in the inner diameter of the outer conductor be ΔD, then the actual characteristic impedance of the fitted target is:

[0065]

[0066] The deviation in the characteristic impedance of the coaxial line caused by the deviation in the diameters of the inner and outer conductors is as follows:

[0067]

[0068] Generally, Δd is much smaller than d, and ΔD is much smaller than D, therefore:

[0069]

[0070] The relative error is:

[0071]

[0072] 2) Eccentricity of inner and outer conductors

[0073] The characteristic impedance formula for an eccentric coaxial line is:

[0074]

[0075] Where e is the eccentricity;

[0076] When the eccentricity is small, there is an approximate formula:

[0077]

[0078] Therefore, the deviation in characteristic impedance caused by the eccentricity of the inner and outer conductors is:

[0079]

[0080] 3) The impact of other imperfections in machining

[0081] The ellipticity of the inner and outer conductor surfaces will theoretically cause errors in characteristic impedance, but with modern machining technology, as long as the ellipticity is within the diameter tolerance range, it can be ignored.

[0082] The actual effect of surface finish on characteristic impedance is generally considered to be that when the surface finish of the inner and outer conductors is within the diameter tolerance, its effect on characteristic impedance is not considered.

[0083] The impact of imperfections in machining on the characteristic impedance of the matching target is caused by the superposition of the above factors. Considering the more influential ΔZ and ΔZ′, the total characteristic impedance deviation ΔZ caused by imperfections in machining is... all =|ΔZ+ΔZ′|. Based on the measured results of the diameter, eccentricity, etc. of the actual processed adapter target, the error of the characteristic impedance of the adapter target relative to the standard value can be calculated relatively accurately using the above formula. Then, according to formula (12)-formula (13), the error introduced by the imperfect processing of the adapter target to the insertion loss measurement can be calculated.

[0084]

[0085] Wherein, ΔΓ is the error of the reflection coefficient of the adapted target surface, expressed linearly;

[0086] ΔS 21 —The error in the insertion loss, i.e., the transmission coefficient from the target surface to the coaxial end face, in dB;

[0087] ΔZ all —Total deviation of characteristic impedance of the adapted target, Ω;

[0088] Z0—Theoretical characteristic impedance of the adapter target, calculated based on design parameters, in Ω.

[0089] The result of adding formula (13) and formula (2) represents the final insertion loss of the fitting target when there is a processing error.

[0090] In summary, this utility model provides an adapter target 10 and a method for calculating its insertion loss. The adapter target 10 includes a grounding structure 11 and an inner conductor structure 12, which are detachably connected. When the adapter target 10 needs to connect to electrostatic discharge current targets of different sizes manufactured by different companies, a grounding structure 11 and an inner conductor structure 12 with the same front dimensions as the electrostatic discharge current target can be selected. After connecting the grounding structure 11 and the inner conductor structure 12 to form the adapter target 10, the front of the adapter target 10 and the front of the electrostatic discharge current target can fit together. The adapter target 10 and the electrostatic discharge current target can be connected through multiple second through holes 112, multiple bolts, and multiple nuts, thereby calibrating the electrostatic discharge current target and improving calibration efficiency. The insertion loss of the adapter target 10 can be calculated using the method for calculating its insertion loss.

[0091] The above description is only a description of the preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model in any way. Any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An adaptive target, characterized in that, The device includes a grounding structure and an inner conductor structure. The grounding structure has a first through hole and multiple second through holes. The first through hole is located at the center of the grounding structure, and the multiple second through holes are spaced apart at the edges of the grounding structure. One end of the inner conductor structure has a central conductor, and the other end has an N-type interface. The central conductor and the N-type interface are connected, and an insulator is provided on the outer surface of the connection between the central conductor and the N-type interface. The grounding structure and the inner conductor structure are detachably connected. The central conductor is inserted into the first through hole and is coaxially arranged. The outer diameter of the central conductor is smaller than the inner diameter of the first through hole.

2. The adaptive target as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The back of the grounding structure is provided with a groove, which is coaxially arranged with the first through hole; the inner conductor structure is provided with a connecting plate that mates with the groove, and the connecting plate is arranged between the center conductor and the N-type interface.

3. The adaptive target as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting plate is provided with a plurality of third through holes, and the groove is provided with a plurality of screw holes that mate with the third through holes. The connecting plate is detachably fixed in the groove by means of the third through holes, the screw holes and screws.

4. The adaptive target as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting plate is rectangular in shape.

5. The adaptive target as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The grounding structure is cylindrical in shape.

6. The adaptive target as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple second through holes are arranged around the first through hole and are evenly distributed at the edge of the grounding structure.

7. The adaptive target as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second through hole is a reducing hole, and the diameter of the second through hole near the front of the grounding structure is smaller than the diameter near the back of the grounding structure.

8. The adaptive target as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The central conductor has a cylindrical structure.

Images