Coining V-shaped block and friction-wear testing machine

Abstract

The utility model provides a coining V-shaped block and a friction-wear testing machine. The coining V-shaped block is used for being arranged on the friction-wear testing machine and is matched with a test pin shaft of the friction-wear testing machine to work; one end, in the first direction, of the coining V-shaped block is a friction end, and a V-shaped groove is formed in the end face of the friction end and penetrates through the coining V-shaped block in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The two sides, in the second direction, of the friction end are provided with notches respectively, and the two ends, in the second direction, of the V-shaped groove are connected with the two notches respectively. Through the structural design, the groove wall area of the V-shaped groove is reduced by utilizing the notch, namely, the effective contact area of the coining V-shaped block and the test pin shaft through the V-shaped groove is reduced, so that the coining V-shaped block can be suitable for realizing a higher test limit, and the limitation problem of evaluating the extreme pressure performance by the friction-wear testing machine is favorably overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the technical field of lubricating material performance testing equipment, and in particular to a precision-pressed V-block and a friction and wear testing machine. Background Technology

[0002] Gear mechanisms are one of the main mechanical transmission devices, characterized by a wide power transmission range and high transmission efficiency. They are widely used in various industries such as aero-engines, robot RV reducers, wind power generation systems, and high-speed rail gearboxes. With the advancement of gear manufacturing technology and the diversification of application conditions, gear transmission equipment is gradually developing towards higher power and smaller size. In the field of high-end equipment manufacturing, gears have high gear ratios and high tooth surface contact stress. The contact state and load on the tooth surface also change discontinuously during operation, leading to extremely high local temperatures between the tooth surfaces, sometimes reaching several hundred degrees Celsius. However, equipment in high-end manufacturing often operates under extreme and harsh conditions such as heavy loads and high temperatures. These application conditions place higher performance requirements on the oils used to lubricate gears, especially on their extreme pressure performance.

[0003] Extreme pressure performance is one of the important technical indicators in the performance evaluation of lubricating materials. Currently, methods such as the Timken test machine, four-ball test machine, Falex friction and wear tester, and FZG gear tester are commonly used to evaluate the extreme pressure performance of lubricating materials. Studies have found that the Falex friction and wear tester and the FZG gear tester operate in a similar manner, therefore their evaluation results for extreme pressure performance have a strong correlation.

[0004] The Falex testing machine has limitations in evaluating the extreme pressure performance of lubricating materials using the test methods described in the American testing and materials standard ASTM D3233 and the Chinese petrochemical industry standard SH / T0187-92. Its maximum load is limited to 4500 lbf (20000 N), and anything exceeding this limit is labeled as >4500 lbf. It cannot evaluate or differentiate the extreme pressure performance of lubricating materials under harsh conditions and high loads. Using the FZG gear testing machine to evaluate the extreme pressure performance of lubricating materials requires 4 L of lubricating material per test, with a maximum failure load of only level 12. Anything exceeding this limit is labeled as >12, making the test expensive and the extreme pressure performance evaluation cost high. In 2021, the Civil Aviation Administration of China proposed the high-speed FZG gear method for evaluating the load-bearing capacity of lubricating materials in aero-turbine engines. Although its load level can reach 16, its oil consumption per test is as high as 20.5 L, resulting in high testing costs. Therefore, developing a method for extreme pressure performance with low oil consumption, low testing cost, and high testing limits has become an important step in developing high-performance lubricating materials for extremely harsh operating conditions. Utility Model Content

[0005] A primary objective of this disclosure is to overcome at least one of the deficiencies of the prior art described above and to provide a precision V-block capable of achieving higher testing limits.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a precision-pressed V-block is provided for mounting on a friction and wear testing machine and cooperating with a test pin of the friction and wear testing machine; one end of the precision-pressed V-block in a first direction is a friction end, and the end face of the friction end is provided with a V-groove, the V-groove penetrating the precision-pressed V-block along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; wherein, notches are respectively provided on both sides of the friction end in the second direction, and the two ends of the V-groove in the second direction are respectively connected to the two notches.

[0008] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, on a reference plane parallel to the first direction and parallel to the second direction, the orthographic projection of the notch is a triangle, such that the two sides of the friction end in the second direction are inclined surfaces.

[0009] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the angle between the inclined plane and the first direction is 15° to 60°.

[0010] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the wall of the V-groove is trapezoidal.

[0011] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, along the second direction, the ratio of the length of the top edge of the groove wall to the length of the precision-pressed V-block is 0.2 to 0.8.

[0012] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, along the first direction, the end of the notch away from the end face is farther from the end face than the bottom of the V-groove.

[0013] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, along the first direction, the ratio of the depth of the V-groove to the height of the notch is 0.2 to 0.8.

[0014] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the precision-pressed V-block is cylindrical, and the first direction is a direction parallel to the axis of the cylinder.

[0015] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the included angle between the two walls of the V-groove is 96°±1°.

[0016] Another major objective of this disclosure is to overcome at least one of the defects of the prior art and to provide a friction and wear testing machine with a higher testing limit and lower oil consumption.

[0017] To achieve the above objectives, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solution:

[0018] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a friction and wear testing machine is provided, comprising a friction assembly; the friction assembly includes a test pin and two precision-pressed V-blocks as proposed in this disclosure and described in the above embodiments; the V-grooves of the two precision-pressed V-blocks are arranged opposite to each other, and the test pin is located between the two V-grooves and respectively contacts the four groove walls of the two V-grooves.

[0019] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the advantages and positive effects of the precision-pressed V-block and friction and wear testing machine proposed in this disclosure are as follows:

[0020] The precision-pressed V-block proposed in this disclosure has a friction end at one end in the first direction, and a V-groove is provided on the end face of the friction end. The V-groove penetrates the precision-pressed V-block along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Notches are provided on both sides of the friction end in the second direction, and the two ends of the V-groove in the second direction are respectively connected to the two notches. Through the above structural design, this disclosure utilizes the notches to reduce the groove wall area of ​​the V-groove, that is, to reduce the effective contact area between the precision-pressed V-block and the test pin through the V-groove. This allows the precision-pressed V-block to be suitable for achieving higher test limits, which helps the friction and wear testing machine overcome its own limitations in evaluating extreme pressure performance. In addition, when the precision-pressed V-block is applied to the Falex friction and wear testing machine, since the Falex friction and wear testing machine has the characteristic of low oil consumption, this disclosure provides a structural scheme for a precision-pressed V-block that achieves higher test limits with lower oil consumption, realizing low-cost, efficient, and rapid evaluation of the extreme pressure performance of lubricating materials under harsh lubrication and sealing conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The various objectives, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawings are merely illustrative illustrations of the disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings, the same reference numerals always denote the same or similar parts. Wherein:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a precision-pressed V-block according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0023] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The front view of the precision-pressed V-block is shown;

[0024] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The side view of the precision-pressed V-block is shown;

[0025] Figure 4 yes Figure 1The top view of the precision-pressed V-block shown;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a front view of a precision-pressed V-block according to another exemplary embodiment;

[0027] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 The side view of the precision-pressed V-block is shown;

[0028] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 The top view of the precision-pressed V-block shown;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a front view of a precision-pressed V-block according to yet another exemplary embodiment;

[0030] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 The side view of the precision-pressed V-block is shown;

[0031] Figure 10 yes Figure 8 The top view of the precision-pressed V-block shown;

[0032] Figure 11 This is a front view of a precision-pressed V-block according to yet another exemplary embodiment;

[0033] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 The side view of the precision-pressed V-block is shown;

[0034] Figure 13 yes Figure 11 The top view of the precision-pressed V-block is shown.

[0035] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0036] 100. Precision pressed V-block;

[0037] 110. Friction end;

[0038] 111. End face;

[0039] 112. Side view;

[0040] 120. V-groove;

[0041] 121. Tank wall;

[0042] 130. Gap;

[0043] α. Angle;

[0044] β. Angle;

[0045] L1. Length;

[0046] L2. Length;

[0047] H1. Depth;

[0048] H2. Height. Detailed Implementation

[0049] Typical embodiments embodying the features and advantages of this disclosure will be described in detail in the following description. It should be understood that this disclosure can have various variations in different embodiments without departing from the scope of this disclosure, and the descriptions and drawings therein are illustrative in nature and not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0050] In the following description of various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this disclosure, and which illustrate by way of example different exemplary structures, systems, and steps that can implement various aspects of this disclosure. It should be understood that other specific embodiments of the components, structures, exemplary devices, systems, and steps may be used, and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, while the terms “above,” “between,” “within,” etc., may be used in this specification to describe different exemplary features and elements of this disclosure, these terms are used herein only for convenience, such as the orientation according to the examples described in the accompanying drawings. Nothing in this specification should be construed as requiring a specific three-dimensional orientation of the structure to fall within the scope of this disclosure.

[0051] See Figure 1 The illustration shows a representative perspective view of the precision-pressed V-block 100 proposed in this disclosure. In this exemplary embodiment, the precision-pressed V-block 100 proposed in this disclosure is described using a friction and wear testing machine for evaluating the performance of lubricating oil as an example. It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, additions, substitutions, deletions, or other changes may be made to the specific embodiments described below in order to apply the relevant designs of this disclosure to other types of friction and wear testing machines, and these changes are still within the scope of the principles of the precision-pressed V-block 100 proposed in this disclosure.

[0052] like Figure 1As shown, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the precision-pressed V-block 100 is used to mount on a friction and wear testing machine and works in conjunction with the test pin of the friction and wear testing machine. For example, the friction and wear testing machine is provided with two precision-pressed V-blocks 100 arranged opposite to each other at the openings of V-grooves 120. The test pin is clamped and passes through the two V-grooves 120, that is, the test pin contacts the four groove walls 121 of the two V-grooves 120 respectively. The lubricating oil to be tested is arranged in the V-grooves 120 (i.e., between the test pin and the groove walls 121). During the test, the test pin rotates, and the lubricating oil provides lubrication. The friction and wear testing machine simulates the pressure condition (e.g., the ultimate pressure condition) by applying relative pressure to the two precision-pressed V-blocks 100 until the test pin stops rotating under the action of friction. Then, the friction and wear testing machine determines the maximum load of the lubricating oil in this test.

[0053] See also Figures 2 to 4 , Figure 2 The front view of the precision-pressed V-block 100 is shown in the image. Figure 3 A side view of the precision-pressed V-block 100 is shown in the figure. Figure 4 The figure shows a top view of the precision pressing V-block 100. The structure, connection method, and functional relationship of the main components of the precision pressing V-block 100 proposed in this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the above figures.

[0054] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, in one embodiment of this disclosure, one end of the precision-pressed V-block 100 in a first direction is a friction end 110, which can be referred to as direction D1 in the accompanying drawings. A V-groove 120 is provided on the end face 111 of the friction end 110, which penetrates the precision-pressed V-block 100 along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and can be referred to as direction D2 in the accompanying drawings. Based on this, notches 130 can be provided on both sides of the friction end 110 of the precision-pressed V-block 100 in the second direction, and the two ends of the V-groove 120 in the second direction are respectively connected to these two notches 130. These two notches 130 can be of the same shape and symmetrically arranged. Through the above structural design, this disclosure utilizes the notches 130 to reduce the area of ​​the groove wall 121 of the V-groove 120, that is, to reduce the effective contact area between the precision-pressed V-block 100 and the test pin through the V-groove 120, thereby enabling the precision-pressed V-block 100 to achieve higher test limits, which helps the friction and wear testing machine overcome its limitations in evaluating extreme pressure performance. Furthermore, when the precision-pressed V-block 100 is applied to the Falex friction and wear testing machine, since the Falex friction and wear testing machine has the characteristic of low oil consumption, this disclosure provides a structural scheme for the precision-pressed V-block 100 that achieves a high test limit with low oil consumption, thereby realizing low-cost, efficient and rapid evaluation of the extreme pressure performance of lubricating materials under harsh lubrication and sealing conditions.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment of this disclosure, a reference plane (e.g., parallel to the first direction and parallel to the second direction) is used. Figure 3 On the drawing plane (in the diagram), the orthographic projection of the notch 130 can be a triangle, so that the two sides 112 of the friction end 110 in the second direction are inclined surfaces. Through the above structural design, this disclosure can reduce the process difficulty of machining the notch 130 on the precision-pressed V-block 100 and reduce the structural complexity of the precision-pressed V-block 100. In addition, since the side surface 112 of the friction end 110 is inclined, that is, the side surface 112 is connected to the end face 111 of the friction end 110 by the edge of the part of the precision-pressed V-block 100 without the notch 130, the risk of local stress concentration in the precision-pressed V-block 100 caused by the notch 130 can be avoided, thereby improving the structural stability and strength of the precision-pressed V-block 100. In some other embodiments of this disclosure, on the above-mentioned reference plane, the orthographic projection of the notch 130 can also be other shapes, such as rectangle, arc (meaning that the side surface 112 is an arc surface, and the arc surface can be an inwardly concave arc surface or an outwardly convex arc surface), etc., and is not limited to this embodiment.

[0056] like Figure 3As shown, based on the inclined surface structure design of the side 112 of the friction end 110, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the included angle α between the inclined surface and the first direction can be 15° to 60°, such as 15°, 30°, 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, etc. For example, the included angle α can be approximately 32° (specifically 32.00538°). Through the above structural design, this disclosure adopts a special angle range for the included angle α, that is, it realizes a structural design of an inclined surface with a special slope range. This avoids the included angle α being too small, which would make the effect of reducing the effective contact area by utilizing the notch 130 insufficient, and at the same time, it avoids the included angle α being too large, which would make the groove size of the V-groove 120 too small. In other embodiments of this disclosure, the included angle α between the inclined surface and the first direction can also be less than 15° or greater than 60°, such as 14°, 61°, etc., and is not limited to this embodiment.

[0057] See Figures 5 to 7 , Figure 5 The image shows a front view of the precision-pressed V-block 100, which embodies the principles of this disclosure, in another exemplary embodiment; Figure 6 China representatively shows Figure 5 The side view of the precision-pressed V-block 100 is shown; Figure 7 China representatively shows Figure 5 The top view of the precision-pressed V-block 100 is shown.

[0058] like Figures 5 to 7 As shown, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the slope of the inclined plane can be relatively... Figures 1 to 4 The illustrated embodiment is further enlarged; for example, the included angle α can be approximately 38° (specifically 38.41442°). In this case, the length of a single notch 130 (i.e., (L2 - L1) / 2 as described above) is further increased, and the effective contact area between the V-groove 120 and the test pin is further reduced. For example, taking a precision-pressed V-block 100 with a length L2 of 12.5 mm, a V-groove 120 depth H1 of 3 mm, and a notch 130 height H2 of 5 mm as an example, when the included angle α is approximately 38°, the length of a single notch 130 is 3.965 mm, the length L1 of the top edge of the groove wall 121 is 4.57 mm, and the length of the groove bottom is approximately 9.33 mm.

[0059] See Figures 8 to 10 , Figure 8 The image shows a front view of the precision-pressed V-block 100, which embodies the principles of this disclosure, in yet another exemplary embodiment; Figure 9 China representatively shows Figure 8 The side view of the precision-pressed V-block 100 is shown; Figure 10 China representatively shows Figure 8 The top view of the precision-pressed V-block 100 is shown.

[0060] like Figures 8 to 10 As shown, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the slope of the inclined plane can be relatively... Figures 5 to 7 The illustrated embodiment is further enlarged; for example, the included angle α can be approximately 43° (specifically 43.13714°). In this case, the length of a single notch 130 (i.e., (L2 - L1) / 2 as described above) is further increased, and the effective contact area between the V-groove 120 and the test pin is further reduced. For example, taking a precision-pressed V-block 100 with a length L2 of 12.5 mm, a V-groove 120 depth H1 of 3 mm, and a notch 130 height H2 of 5 mm as an example, when the included angle α is approximately 43°, the length of a single notch 130 is 4.685 mm, the length L1 of the top edge of the groove wall 121 is 3.13 mm, and the length of the groove bottom is approximately 8.96 mm.

[0061] See Figures 11 to 13 , Figure 11 The image shows a front view of the precision-pressed V-block 100, which embodies the principles of this disclosure, in yet another exemplary embodiment; Figure 12 China representatively shows Figure 11 The side view of the precision-pressed V-block 100 is shown; Figure 13 China representatively shows Figure 11 The top view of the precision-pressed V-block 100 is shown.

[0062] like Figures 11 to 13 As shown, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the slope of the inclined plane can be relatively... Figures 8 to 10 The illustrated embodiment is further enlarged; for example, the included angle α can be 45°. In this case, the length of a single notch 130 (i.e., (L2 - L1) / 2 as described above) is further increased, and the effective contact area between the V-groove 120 and the test pin is further reduced. For example, taking a precision-pressed V-block 100 with a length L2 of 12.5 mm, a V-groove 120 depth H1 of 3 mm, and a notch 130 height H2 of 5 mm as an example, when the included angle α is 45°, the length of a single notch 130 is 5 mm, the length L1 of the top edge of the groove wall 121 is 2.5 mm, and the length of the groove bottom is approximately 8.49 mm.

[0063] like Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, based on the inclined surface design of the side surface 112 of the friction end 110, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the groove wall 121 of the V-groove 120 can be trapezoidal. In other words, the tops of the two side surfaces 112 of the friction end 110 in the second direction are spaced apart along the second direction, that is, along the second direction, the sum of the lengths of the two notches 130 is less than the overall length of the precision-pressed V-block 100 (for example, when the precision-pressed V-block 100 is cylindrical, the so-called "overall length" is the cross-sectional diameter of the corresponding cylinder, i.e., the length L2 shown in the figure). In some other embodiments of this disclosure, when the side surface 112 of the friction end 110 is of other shapes, the groove wall 121 of the V-groove 120 can also be of other shapes. For example, when the side surface 112 of the friction end 110 is inclined, the groove wall 121 of the V-groove 120 can also be triangular. For example, when the side surface 112 of the friction end 110 is a vertical surface (e.g., the orthographic projection of the notch 130 is a rectangle), the groove wall 121 of the V-groove 120 is a rectangle.

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the ratio of the length L1 of the top edge of the groove wall 121 to the length L2 of the precision-pressed V-block 100 along the second direction can be 0.2 to 0.8, for example, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, etc. Further, the ratio of the length L1 of the top edge of the groove wall 121 to the length L2 of the precision-pressed V-block 100 along the second direction can specifically be 0.5. Based on this, the length of a single notch 130 along the second direction can be calculated using the formula (L2 - L1) / 2. For example, taking the length L2 of the precision-pressed V-block 100 as 12.5 mm, when the above ratio is 0.5, the length L1 of the top edge of the groove wall 121 is 6.25 mm, and the length of a single notch 130 is 3.125 mm. In other embodiments of this disclosure, the ratio of the length L1 of the top edge of the groove wall 121 to the length L2 of the precision-pressed V-block 100 may be less than 0.2 or greater than 0.8, for example, 0.19, 0.81, etc., and is not limited to this embodiment.

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of this disclosure, along the first direction, the end of the notch 130 away from the end face 111 is farther from the end face 111 than the bottom of the V-groove 120. For example, as shown in the figures, the lower end of the notch 130 is farther from the top surface of the precision-pressed V-block 100 than the bottom of the V-groove 120; that is, the lower end of the notch 130 is lower than the bottom of the V-groove 120. In other embodiments of this disclosure, along the first direction, the end of the notch 130 away from the end face 111 may also be flush with the bottom of the V-groove 120, and this is not limited to this embodiment.

[0066] like Figure 2As shown, based on the structural design that the end of the notch 130 furthest from the end face 111 is farther from the end face 111 than the bottom of the V-groove 120, in one embodiment of this disclosure, along the first direction, the ratio of the depth H1 of the V-groove 120 to the height H2 of the notch 130 can be 0.2 to 0.8, for example, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, etc. Further, along the first direction, the ratio of the depth H1 of the V-groove 120 to the height H2 of the notch 130 can specifically be 0.6. For example, taking a depth H1 of 3mm for the V-groove 120, when the above ratio is 0.6, the height H2 of the notch 130 is 5mm, and at this time, the minimum height of the precision-pressed V-block 100 in the first direction is 5mm, that is, the height H2 of the notch 130 in the first direction should be less than or equal to the height of the precision-pressed V-block 100. In other embodiments of this disclosure, the ratio of the depth H1 of the V-groove 120 to the height H2 of the notch 130 may be less than 0.2 or greater than 0.8, for example, 0.19, 0.81, etc., and is not limited to this embodiment.

[0067] like Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the two portions of the end face 111 of the friction end 110 without the V-groove 120 are respectively located on both sides of the V-groove 120 in a third direction. This third direction is perpendicular to both the first and second directions, and can be referred to as direction D3 shown in the accompanying drawings. Based on this, along the third direction, the V-groove 120 can be centrally arranged, meaning the two portions of the end face 111 located on both sides of the V-groove 120 have equal widths in the third direction. Further, along the third direction, the groove width of the V-groove 120 (i.e., the distance between the top edges of the two groove walls 121) can be half the overall width of the precision-pressed V-block 100. For example, taking the width of the precision-pressed V-block 100 along the third direction as 12.5 mm, the groove width of the V-groove 120 is 6.25 mm, and the width of one portion of the end face 111 located on one side of the V-groove 120 is 3.125 mm.

[0068] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the precision-pressed V-block 100 can be cylindrical. The first direction described above is parallel to the axis of the cylinder, and the second direction is parallel to one of the radial directions of the cylinder. In other embodiments of this disclosure, the precision-pressed V-block 100 can also take other shapes, such as prisms, and is not limited to this embodiment.

[0069] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the included angle β between the two groove walls 121 of the V-groove 120 can be 96°±1°.

[0070] It should be noted that the precision-pressed V-blocks shown in the accompanying drawings and described in this specification are merely a few examples among many precision-pressed V-blocks capable of employing the principles of this disclosure. It should be clearly understood that the principles of this disclosure are by no means limited to any detail or component of the precision-pressed V-blocks shown in the accompanying drawings or described in this specification.

[0071] Based on the above detailed description of several exemplary embodiments of the precision-pressed V-block proposed in this disclosure, several exemplary embodiments of the friction and wear testing machine proposed in this disclosure will be described below.

[0072] In one embodiment of this disclosure, the friction and wear testing machine includes a friction assembly, which comprises a test pin and two precision-pressed V-blocks as described in detail in the above embodiments. The two precision-pressed V-blocks of the friction assembly are identical in structure, shape, and size. The V-grooves of the two precision-pressed V-blocks are arranged opposite each other, and the test pin is located between the two V-grooves, contacting the four walls of each V-groove. The friction and wear testing machine proposed in this disclosure can be a Falex friction and wear testing machine.

[0073] As stated above, the evaluation of the extrusion performance of lubricating materials, such as lubricating oils, using the friction and wear testing machine proposed in this disclosure mainly includes the following aspects:

[0074] Correction load: For specific correction test procedures, please refer to the Chinese petrochemical industry standard SH / T 0187-92;

[0075] Break-in process: First, turn on the heating switch of the friction and wear testing machine and heat the sample to 52℃±3℃, then turn off the heating switch. Next, manually rotate the ratchet of the friction and wear testing machine to remove looseness until the torque gauge reads zero. Finally, start the motor of the friction and wear testing machine, place the ratchet arm on the ratchet, and automatically increase the load to 300 lbf (1334 N). Disengage the ratchet arm and run the friction and wear testing machine under this load for 5 minutes. If necessary, tighten the load manually or with the aid of the ratchet to ensure the load remains nearly constant.

[0076] Test: Reposition the ratchet arm onto the ratchet and allow it to engage until the test fails or the gauge reading reaches 20000N (4500lbf). Stop the motor when the test fails or reaches 4500lbf (20000N) without failure. Record the failure load; if the test does not fail, record ">4500lbf (20000N)".

[0077] Test result judgment: Test failure refers to the occurrence of jamming, damage to the locking pin, or ratchet operation that prevents the load from increasing. This situation is caused by the rapid wear of the test shaft.

[0078] Based on this, the applicant conducted several sets of specific experiments on lubricating materials (such as the first and second type oil samples described below) using the friction and wear testing machine proposed in this disclosure and the above-mentioned specific evaluation test scheme. The experimental results prove that the friction and wear testing machine proposed in this disclosure can achieve the advantages and positive effects described in this specification.

[0079] The main raw materials used in the following evaluation experiments and their sources are, for example: polyol ester base oil (9PE-8, self-made in the laboratory), aliphatic phosphate amine salt (T349, Shenyang Hualun Lubricating Oil Additives Co., Ltd.), and aliphatic phosphate amine salt (PN-24, self-made in the laboratory). The above-mentioned polyol ester base oil and T349 additive were blended to form a 1 wt% lubricating oil composition, i.e., the first type of oil sample. The above-mentioned polyol ester base oil and PN-24 additive were blended to form a 1 wt% lubricating oil composition (oil sample II), i.e., the second type of oil sample. The first and second type of oil samples can be used in the following specific embodiments. The physicochemical properties of the above-mentioned base oils are shown in Table 1.

[0080] project numerical values <![CDATA[Density (20 °C) / (g / cm 3 )]]> 0.9882 <![CDATA[Kinematic viscosity (40 °C) / (mm 2 / s)]]> 54.03 <![CDATA[Kinematic viscosity (100 °C) / (mm 2 / s)]]> 8.77 Viscosity Index 140 Acid value (mgKOH / g) 0.2883 Pour point (°C) -48 Flash point (open aperture, °C) 294

[0081] Table 1. Physicochemical properties of polyol ester base oils (laboratory-made)

[0082] Example 1

[0083] by Figures 1 to 4 The fine-pressure V-block and test pin (e.g., Falex standard test pin) shown are used to evaluate the extreme pressure performance of the first type of oil sample according to the above method, and the failure load is recorded.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] by Figures 5 to 7 The fine-pressure V-block and test pin (e.g., Falex standard test pin) shown are used to evaluate the extreme pressure performance of the first type of oil sample according to the above method, and the failure load is recorded.

[0086] Example 3

[0087] by Figures 8 to 10 The fine-pressure V-block and test pin (e.g., Falex standard test pin) shown are used to evaluate the extreme pressure performance of the first type of oil sample according to the above method, and the failure load is recorded.

[0088] Example 4

[0089] by Figures 11 to 13 The fine-pressure V-block and test pin (e.g., Falex standard test pin) shown are used to evaluate the extreme pressure performance of the first type of oil sample according to the above method, and the failure load is recorded.

[0090] Example 5

[0091] by Figures 1 to 4 The fine-pressure V-block and test pin (e.g., Falex standard test pin) shown are used to evaluate the extreme pressure performance of the second type of oil sample according to the above method, and the failure load is recorded.

[0092] Example 6

[0093] by Figures 5 to 7 The fine-pressure V-block and test pin (e.g., Falex standard test pin) shown are used to evaluate the extreme pressure performance of the second type of oil sample according to the above method, and the failure load is recorded.

[0094] Example 7

[0095] by Figures 8 to 10 The fine-pressure V-block and test pin (e.g., Falex standard test pin) shown are used to evaluate the extreme pressure performance of the second type of oil sample according to the above method, and the failure load is recorded.

[0096] Example 8

[0097] by Figures 11 to 13 The fine-pressure V-block and test pin (e.g., Falex standard test pin) shown are used to evaluate the extreme pressure performance of the second type of oil sample according to the above method, and the failure load is recorded.

[0098] Comparative Example 1

[0099] Using a standard precision V-block and test pin (e.g., a Falex standard test pin), the extreme pressure performance of the first type of oil sample was evaluated according to the above method, and the failure load was recorded.

[0100] Comparative Example 2

[0101] Using a standard precision V-block and test pin (e.g., a Falex standard test pin), the extreme pressure performance of the second type of oil sample was evaluated according to the above method, and the failure load was recorded.

[0102] The experimental structures of the above embodiments and comparative examples are as follows:

[0103] Serial Number Falex failure load (G / lbf) FZG load level Effective contact area (S / %) Example 1 1865 / 0.5 Example 2 1620 / 0.333 Example 3 1505 / 0.25 Example 4 1480 / 0.2 Example 5 4150 / 0.5 Example 6 3905 / 0.333 Example 7 3790 / 0.25 Example 8 3765 / 0.2 Comparative Example 1 2335 / 1 Comparative Example 2 >4500 / 1

[0104] Table 2. Evaluation results of the extreme pressure performance of the oil samples in the above embodiments and comparative examples.

[0105] Normalizing the Falex failure load and effective contact area in Table 2, we can obtain that G and S satisfy the following formula (1):

[0106] G=kS+b (1)

[0107] In formula (1), k ranges from 500 to 2000, and b ranges from 300 to 4500.

[0108] G=1089.97243S+1263.31859 ​​(2)

[0109] G=1329.51265S+3476.05882 (3)

[0110] As stated above, the relationship between the Falex failure load and the effective contact area of ​​the first type of oil sample satisfies formula (2), and the relationship between the Falex failure load and the effective contact area of ​​the second type of oil sample satisfies formula (3). Through Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-2 in Table 2, it can be seen that the test specimens proposed in this disclosure can significantly increase the upper limit of the load for traditional Falex extreme pressure performance evaluation. The extreme pressure performance evaluation method for lubricating oil proposed in this disclosure can be used to evaluate the extreme pressure performance of high-load lubricating materials under harsh lubrication conditions, breaking through the 4500 lbf upper limit barrier of conventional Falex extreme pressure performance evaluation methods, and better evaluating and distinguishing the extreme pressure performance of high-performance lubricating materials.

[0111] It should be noted that the friction and wear testing machines shown in the accompanying drawings and described in this specification are merely a few examples among many friction and wear testing machines capable of employing the principles of this disclosure. It should be clearly understood that the principles of this disclosure are by no means limited to any detail or component of the friction and wear testing machines shown in the accompanying drawings or described in this specification.

[0112] In summary, the precision-pressed V-block proposed in this disclosure has a friction end at one end in the first direction, and a V-groove is provided on the end face of the friction end. The V-groove penetrates the precision-pressed V-block along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Notches are provided on both sides of the friction end in the second direction, and the two ends of the V-groove in the second direction are connected to the two notches respectively. Through the above structural design, this disclosure utilizes the notches to reduce the groove wall area of ​​the V-groove, that is, to reduce the effective contact area between the precision-pressed V-block and the test pin shaft via the V-groove. This allows the precision-pressed V-block to be suitable for achieving higher test limits, which helps the friction and wear testing machine overcome its limitations in evaluating extreme pressure performance. Furthermore, when the precision-pressed V-block is applied to the Falex friction and wear testing machine, since the Falex friction and wear testing machine has low oil consumption, this disclosure provides a structural solution for a precision-pressed V-block that achieves higher test limits with lower oil consumption, enabling low-cost, efficient, and rapid evaluation of the extreme pressure performance of lubricating materials under harsh lubrication and sealing conditions.

[0113] The foregoing has described and / or illustrated exemplary embodiments of the precision-pressed V-block and friction and wear testing machine proposed in this disclosure. However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein; rather, components and / or steps of each embodiment may be used independently and separately from other components and / or steps described herein. Each component and / or step of one embodiment may also be used in combination with other components and / or steps of other embodiments. In describing the elements / components / etc. described and / or illustrated herein, the terms “a,” “an,” and “the above” are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are used to indicate an open-ended inclusion and to mean that additional elements / components / etc. may exist in addition to those listed. Furthermore, the terms “first” and “second” in the claims and description are used only as illustrative marks and are not intended to limit the numerical scope of the object.

[0114] Although the precision-pressed V-block and friction and wear testing machine of this disclosure have been described according to different specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications may be made to the implementation of this disclosure within the spirit and scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A precision-pressed V-block, used for mounting on a friction and wear testing machine and cooperating with a test pin of the friction and wear testing machine; one end of the precision-pressed V-block in a first direction is a friction end, and the end face of the friction end is provided with a V-groove, the V-groove penetrating the precision-pressed V-block along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; characterized in that, The friction end has notches on both sides in the second direction, and the V-groove connects the two notches at both ends in the second direction.

2. The precision-pressed V-block according to claim 1, characterized in that, On a reference plane parallel to the first direction and parallel to the second direction, the orthographic projection of the notch is a triangle, so that the two sides of the friction end in the second direction are inclined surfaces.

3. The precision-pressed V-block according to claim 2, characterized in that, The angle between the inclined plane and the first direction is 15° to 60°.

4. The precision-pressed V-block according to claim 2, characterized in that, The walls of the V-groove are trapezoidal.

5. The precision-pressed V-block according to claim 4, characterized in that, Along the second direction, the ratio of the length of the top edge of the groove wall to the length of the precision-pressed V-block is 0.2 to 0.

8.

6. The precision-pressed V-block according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the end of the notch away from the end face is farther from the end face than the bottom of the V-groove.

7. The precision-pressed V-block according to claim 6, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the ratio of the depth of the V-groove to the height of the notch is 0.2 to 0.

8.

8. The precision-pressed V-block according to claim 1, characterized in that, The precision-pressed V-block is cylindrical, and the first direction is parallel to the axis of the cylinder.

9. The precision-pressed V-block according to claim 1, characterized in that, The included angle between the two walls of the V-shaped groove is 96°±1°.

10. A friction and wear testing machine, characterized in that, The device includes a friction assembly; the friction assembly includes a test pin and two precision-pressed V-blocks as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; the V-grooves of the two precision-pressed V-blocks are arranged opposite to each other, and the test pin is located between the two V-grooves and contacts the four groove walls of the two V-grooves respectively.

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