Hot-pluggable supporting electric energy meter matching circuit

Abstract

The utility model relates to a hot-pluggable supporting electric energy meter matching circuit which comprises a power supply, an MCU processing system, an indicating lamp module, a sound prompt module, a start button, an electrical insulation optoelectronic isolation communication module, a matching unit and an interface module which are electrically connected. The power supply is used for supplying power to the MCU processing system; the MCU processing system is electrically connected with the power supply, the indicating lamp module, the sound prompting module, the starting button, the communication module and the matching unit. The MCU processing system comprises a minimum operation system, and the minimum operation system comprises an RN8613 chip UA1 which is electrically connected with the MCU processing system; the chip UA1 is electrically connected with the crystal oscillator circuit, the storage circuit and the peripheral communication interface; the communication module is electrically connected with the interface module. The device is reasonable in design, compact in structure and convenient to use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a hot-swappable circuit supporting an energy meter. Background Technology

[0002] A smart meter is a device that utilizes advanced electronic technology and hardware design to integrate multiple functions such as energy metering, data transmission and communication, and information storage. The operation of the meter relies primarily on the firmware behind the chip. When a smart meter malfunctions, the existing circuitry must be upgraded and improved to prevent further economic losses.

[0003] Addressing the underlying circuit issues in smart meter upgrades, problems include low transmission efficiency and susceptibility to power line interference leading to data corruption and upgrade failure. Infrared transmission offers stable and reliable point-to-point transmission, but its efficiency is low due to the characteristics of infrared receivers and transmitters, and long-frame data transmission is limited. Traditional host computer control via RS232 or RS485 upgrade methods offer stable, reliable, and efficient transmission, but complex computer connections and leakage risks pose safety hazards. The root cause lies in the poor versatility of the supporting circuitry and inherent technical limitations such as low transmission efficiency, susceptibility to interference, and safety risks. Therefore, proposing a hot-swappable supporting circuitry for the energy meter to achieve high efficiency, stability, and convenience has become an unavoidable challenge. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a hot-swappable supporting circuit for electricity meters, which is suitable for applications where multiple smart meters need to be upgraded and iterated.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A hot-swappable circuit supporting an energy meter includes an electrically connected power supply, an MCU processing system, an indicator light module, an audio prompt module, a start button, an electrically and opto-isolated communication module, supporting units, and an interface module.

[0007] The power supply is used to power the MCU processing system;

[0008] The MCU processing system is electrically connected to the power supply, indicator light module, sound prompt module, start button, communication module and supporting units;

[0009] The MCU processing system includes a minimum operating system, which includes the RN8613 chip UA1, which is electrically connected; the UA1 chip is electrically connected to the crystal oscillator circuit, the storage circuit, and the peripheral communication interface.

[0010] Communication module electrical connection interface module.

[0011] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0012] The supporting units include a Bluetooth communication module and a wireless communication module;

[0013] The interface module includes an RS485 firmware interface, an RS232 firmware interface, an HPLC firmware interface, a hot-swappable TTL firmware interface, and a reserved isolated firmware interface.

[0014] The MCU processing system includes a chip UA1 that is electrically connected to a crystal oscillator YA1 that provides a clock signal;

[0015] The UA1 chip is electrically connected to a timer and a counter;

[0016] Chip UA1 is connected to resistors RA3, RA4, RA5, and RA6 via networks SWDCLK, SWDIO, RSTN, and ISP. Capacitor CA10 is connected between power supply MVDD and ground. One end of resistor RA7 is connected to pin J16 of interface, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD. One end of resistor RA1 is connected to chip UA1 and capacitor CA1 via network RSTN, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD. The other end of capacitor CA1 is grounded. Capacitors CA2 and CA3 are connected in parallel between chip UA1 network LDO18 and ground. Capacitors CA4 and CA5 are connected between power supply MVDD and ground. One end of resistor RA2 is connected to pin 117 of chip UA1 and capacitor CA7, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD. The other end of capacitor CA7 is grounded. Capacitor CA6 is connected to pin 118 of chip UA1, and the other end is grounded. One end of resistor R8 is connected to pin UA119 of chip UA1, and the other end is grounded; one end of crystal oscillator YA1 is connected to pin UA125 of chip UA1, and the other end is connected to pin UA126 of chip UA1; one end of capacitor CA9 is connected to pin UA150 of chip UA1, and the other end is connected to pin UA151 of chip UA1; one end of resistor R25 is connected to pin UA174 of chip UA1 through network BELL_CTR, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD; one end of resistor R26 is connected to pin UA173 of chip UA1 through network M_fail_Red_LED_1, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD; one end of resistor R27 is connected to pin UA172 of chip UA1 through network M_success_Green_LED_1, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD; TVS diode D1 is connected in parallel between pin UA197 of chip UA1 and ground, and TVS diode D2 is connected in parallel between pin UA196 of chip UA1 and ground.

[0017] The supporting unit and interface module serve as the interface to the electricity meter.

[0018] The other end is connected to resistor RC2 and pin 5 of the secondary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC3; the other end of RC2 is connected to power supply DVDD; one end of capacitor CC2 is connected to power supply DVDD, and the other end is connected to ground; pin 4 of the secondary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC3 is connected to ground; one end of resistor RC1 is connected to the communication power supply R+5V, and the other end is connected to pin 1 of the primary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC3; one end of resistor RC3 is connected to pin 3 of the primary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC3, and the other end is connected to RS485 chip UC4 via RS485_TXD_1. RO pin; one end of resistor RC5 is connected to the power supply DVDD, and the other end is connected to pin 1 of the primary winding of optocoupler UC5. Pin 2 of the primary winding of optocoupler UC5 is connected to chip UA1 via network M_RS485_DE / RE_1. Pin 3 of the secondary winding of optocoupler UC5 is connected to the communication power supply R+5V. One end of resistor RC6 is connected to communication ground, and the other end is connected to pin 4 of the secondary winding of optocoupler UC5 and resistor RC7. The other end of resistor RC7 is connected to the enable pin / RE and DE of RS485 chip UC4 via network RS485_DE / RE_1. One end of resistor RC9 is connected to the power supply DVDD, and the other end is connected to pin 1 of the primary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC6. One end of resistor RC12 is connected to network M_RS485. _TXD_1 connects to chip UA1, and the other end connects to pin 3 of the primary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC6. One end of resistor RC11 is connected to RS485 power supply R+5V, the power supply pin VCC of high-speed optocoupler UC6, and capacitor CC3. The other end is connected to pin 5 of the secondary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC6 and the RS485 network. _RXD_1 is connected to resistor RC10. The secondary ground pin of high-speed optocoupler UC6 is connected to communication ground. The other end of resistor RC10 is connected to the input pin DI of RS485 chip UC4 driver. One end of capacitor C18 is connected to RS485 power supply R+5V and the power supply pin VCC of RS485 chip UC4. The other end is connected to communication ground. One end of resistor R28 is connected to RS485 chip UC4. Pin B connects to TSS transistors DC1 and DC2 via network B_1 and is connected to terminal JC1 B. One end of resistor R29 is connected to pin A of RS485 chip UC4, TSS transistors DC2 and DC3, and thermistor RC8; the other end is connected to RS485 power supply R+5V. The other end of TSS transistors DC1 and DC3 is connected to communication ground. The other end of thermistor RC8 is connected to terminal JC1 A via network A_1.

[0019] Pull-up resistor R29 is connected to RS485 power supply R+5V to ensure that the signal is high under normal conditions. Pull-down resistor R28 is connected to communication ground to ensure that the signal is low under normal conditions. TSS transistors DC1, DC2, and DC3 are connected in parallel between RS485 B and ground, A and B, and RS485 A and ground. Thermistor RC8 is connected in series between pin A of RS485 chip and terminal A of terminal JC1.

[0020] The power supply circuit includes resistors R2 that are connected to the AD sampling network of chip UA1; wherein, the transmit pin TXD of interface JZA is connected to chip UA1 through Meter-Module_TXD, the AVSS pin of interface J2 is grounded, and the power supply pin VCC is connected to power supply M+12V.

[0021] One end of resistor R2 is connected to resistor R3 and the input pin VIN of power chip UQ1, and the other end is connected to resistor R5 and then connected to chip UA1 via the ADsampling network. The other end of resistor R5 is grounded. Capacitors C3 and C4 are connected in parallel between the input pin VIN of power chip and ground. The other end of resistor R3 is connected to the enable pin EN of power chip UQ1 and resistor R7, and the other end of resistor R7 is grounded. Capacitor C5 is connected between the SW and BST pins of power chip UQ1. Diode D3, capacitors C6 and C2, and electrolytic capacitor E1 are connected between the SW pin of power chip UQ1 and ground. Inductor L1 is connected in series between capacitor C6 and diode D3. One end of resistor R4 is connected to electrolytic capacitor E1, and the other end is connected to the feedback pin FB of power chip UQ1 via resistor R6. One end of resistor R8 is connected to the feedback pin FB of power chip UQ1, and the other end is grounded.

[0022] TVS diode DQ1, capacitors CQ1, CQ2, C20, C21, and C22 are connected between the power supply M+12V700mA and ground;

[0023] Capacitor CQ7 is connected between the input pin of power chip UQ3 and ground; capacitors CQ8 and CQ9 are connected between the output pin of power chip UQ3 and ground.

[0024] Diode DQ2 is connected between power supply V+4V and power supply MVDD; diode DQ3 is connected between power supply V+4V and power supply DVDD.

[0025] The input voltage M+12V is connected to the VIN terminal of the power supply chip UQ1;

[0026] When the switch is on, diode D3 is reverse-biased and cut off, and the energy is transferred from the SW terminal to charge inductor L1 through the switch; when the switch is off, the current in inductor L1 flows through diode D3 through the freewheeling circuit, diode D3 is forward-biased and the energy stored in inductor L1 is transferred to the output terminal.

[0027] The voltage across inductor L1 is filtered and stored by capacitors C6 and C2 and electrolytic capacitor E1 before being output.

[0028] The input voltage of 5V is stored in CQ7, filtered, and then enters the power chip UQ3. The power chip UQ3 controls the output voltage through a feedback loop.

[0029] The output voltage V+4V is the output voltage after passing through CQ8 and CQ9 energy storage filters.

[0030] The power supply is electrically connected to a transformer circuit; the transformer circuit includes an isolation module power supply UC1 and a power chip UQ2.

[0031] One end of capacitor C11 is connected to resistor R1, and the other end is grounded. Resistor R1 is connected between capacitor C11 and capacitor C7. Capacitor C7 is connected in parallel between the input pin VIN of module power supply UC1 and ground. Capacitors C8, C9, and C10 are connected in parallel between the output pin +Vo of module power supply UC1 and ground.

[0032] CQ4 and CQ5 are connected in parallel between the input pin VIN of the power chip UQ2 and ground, and capacitor CQ6 is connected in parallel between the output pin Vout of the power chip UQ2 and ground.

[0033] The interface module includes an isolation module power supply UC2 and a power chip UQ5 that are electrically connected;

[0034] TVS diode D6 and capacitor are connected in parallel between the interface power supply and ground; one end of capacitor C16 is connected to resistor R12 and the other end is grounded; resistor R12 is connected between capacitor C16 and capacitor C17; capacitor C17 is connected in parallel between the input pin VIN of module power supply UC2 and ground; capacitors C13, C14, and C15 are connected in parallel between the output pin +Vo of module power supply UC2 and ground.

[0035] Capacitors CQ21 and CQ22 are connected in parallel between the output pin Vout of the power chip UQ5 and ground.

[0036] Diode DQ4 is connected between power supply V+4V and power supply MVDD; diode DQ5 is connected between power supply V+4V and power supply DVDD.

[0037] CQ15 and CQ16 are connected between the power supply MVDD and ground.

[0038] The indicator module includes resistors R10, R15, R17, and R19, which are respectively connected to the networks of M success Green LED1, M fail Red LED1, Msuccess Green LED2, and M fail Red LED2 of chip UA1;

[0039] Resistor R10 is connected to the base of transistor QD1, the emitter of transistor QD1 is grounded, and the collector is connected to resistor RD1. Indicator light LDEG is connected to voltage MVDD.

[0040] The start button circuit includes resistors RT2, RS2, RS1, RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, R21, R22, RB2, and R24, which are respectively connected to the Debug_Key_1, Eeprom_SCL, Eeprom_SDA, Dataflash_CS, Dataflash_SDO, Dataflash_SDI, Dataflash_SCLK, RS485_TXD_1, RS485_RXD_1, BELL_CTR, and Meter-Module_RXD networks of chip UA1; storage modules US2 and US1 are connected to chip UA1.

[0041] Resistor RT2 is connected to capacitor CT1 and resistor RT3. Capacitor CT1 and resistor RT3 are connected in parallel to ground. Switch KT1 is connected to resistor RT1 and connected to power supply DVDD. Capacitor CT2 is connected between power supply DVDD and ground.

[0042] This utility model has the following advantages:

[0043] 1. This module is designed with high insulation electrical isolation to ensure safety upgrades; it has a high insulation level of 6KV pulse voltage and 4KV AC withstand voltage.

[0044] 2. This module can provide circuit support for upgrades and iterations in various ways, such as RS485, RS232, Bluetooth, TTL, power line carrier and other extended interface methods.

[0045] 3. This module is simple and convenient to operate. If an anomaly occurs during the upgrade process and is recovered from, the upgrade can continue, improving upgrade efficiency.

[0046] 4. This module can achieve multiple modes through simple external interface plug-in, realize upgrade and iteration, has good scalability, is easy to carry and maintain, and has strong versatility.

[0047] This utility model is reasonably designed, low in cost, sturdy and durable, safe and reliable, simple to operate, time-saving and labor-saving, cost-saving, compact in structure and easy to use. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a hardware system block diagram of this utility model.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the MCU processing system circuit of this utility model.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the RS485 firmware interface circuit of this utility model.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply circuit for this utility model.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply transformer circuit of this utility model.

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of other reserved isolation firmware interface circuits of this utility model.

[0054] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the indicator light circuit of this utility model.

[0055] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the start button circuit of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0056] like Figure 1-8 As shown, the hot-swappable supporting circuit for the energy meter in this embodiment includes an electrically isolated power supply, an MCU processing system, an indicator light module, an audio prompt module, a start button, an electrically isolated and opto-isolated communication module, supporting units, and an interface module.

[0057] The MCU processing system is electrically connected to the power supply, indicator light module, sound prompt module, start button, communication module and supporting units; the communication module is electrically connected to the interface module.

[0058] The supporting units include a Bluetooth communication module and a wireless communication module;

[0059] The interface module includes an RS485 / RS232 firmware interface, an HPLC firmware interface, a hot-swappable TTL firmware interface, and a reserved isolated firmware interface.

[0060] The power supply provides electrical energy to the entire upgrade module.

[0061] The power supply is preferably an isolated DC-DC power supply topology with electrical isolation function, which can withstand AC voltage of 4KV and pulse voltage of 6KV without damage, ensuring the absolute safety of operators;

[0062] The MCU processing system includes a minimum operating system, which includes the RN8613 chip UA1, which is electrically connected; the UA1 chip is electrically connected to the crystal oscillator circuit, the storage circuit, and the peripheral communication interface.

[0063] The storage circuit uses 512Kb Flash and 128MB;

[0064] The functions of the MCU processing system include: a) storing and upgrading firmware; b) data processing and transmission;

[0065] As a human-computer interaction method, the start button serves as the trigger button for firmware upgrade; the indicator light and sound prompt module serve as upgrade status indicators, with different combinations of indicators representing different meanings, such as communication failure, system failure, upgrade complete, etc.

[0066] The supporting units and interface modules are all used as interfaces between the modules and the electricity meter.

[0067] The communication module, as the isolation part for communication with the electricity meter, mainly uses high-speed optocouplers for electrical isolation, which not only has a high transmission rate but also avoids injury to personnel caused by abnormal leakage current from the electricity meter.

[0068] The communication module can also withstand AC voltage of 4KV and pulse voltage of 6KV without damage.

[0069] In such Figure 2 In the section on structure, the MCU processing system includes chip UA1 and crystal oscillator YA1.

[0070] Chip UA1 is connected to resistors RA3, RA4, RA5, and RA6 via networks SWDCLK, SWDIO, RSTN, and ISP. Capacitor CA10 is connected between power supply MVDD and ground. One end of resistor RA7 is connected to pin J16 of interface, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD. One end of resistor RA1 is connected to chip UA1 and capacitor CA1 via network RSTN, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD. The other end of capacitor CA1 is grounded. Capacitors CA2 and CA3 are connected in parallel between chip UA1 network LDO18 and ground. Capacitors CA4 and CA5 are connected between power supply MVDD and ground. One end of resistor RA2 is connected to pin 117 of chip UA1 and capacitor CA7, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD. The other end of capacitor CA7 is grounded. Capacitor CA6 is connected to pin 118 of chip UA1, and the other end is grounded. One end of resistor R8 is connected to pin UA119 of chip UA1, and the other end is grounded; one end of crystal oscillator YA1 is connected to pin UA125 of chip UA1, and the other end is connected to pin UA126 of chip UA1; one end of capacitor CA9 is connected to pin UA150 of chip UA1, and the other end is connected to pin UA151 of chip UA1; one end of resistor R25 is connected to pin UA174 of chip UA1 through network BELL_CTR, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD; one end of resistor R26 is connected to pin UA173 of chip UA1 through network M_fail_Red_LED_1, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD; one end of resistor R27 is connected to pin UA172 of chip UA1 through network M_success_Green_LED_1, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD; TVS diode D1 is connected in parallel between pin UA197 of chip UA1 and ground, and TVS diode D2 is connected in parallel between pin UA196 of chip UA1 and ground.

[0071] As an introduction to its working principle, the chip UA1 exchanges and processes data through internal bus, memory, and I / O interface components, and performs various calculation, judgment, and control tasks. The crystal oscillator YA1 provides the clock signal, and the chip UA1 performs timing control and communicates with peripheral circuits through timer and counter components.

[0072] As a technical effect, it involves processing and transmitting data.

[0073] In such Figure 3 As a structural description, the RS485 firmware interface circuit includes resistors RC4 and RC12 and optocoupler UC5, which are respectively connected to the M_RS485_RXD_1, M_RS485_TXD_1 and M_RS485_DE / RE_1 networks of chip UA1;

[0074] One end of resistor RC4 is connected to chip UA1 via the M_RS485_RXD_1 network, and the other end is connected to resistor RC2 and pin 5 of the secondary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC3; the other end of RC2 is connected to power supply DVDD; one end of capacitor CC2 is connected to power supply DVDD, and the other end is connected to ground; pin 4 of the secondary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC3 is connected to ground; one end of resistor RC1 is connected to the communication power supply R+5V, and the other end is connected to pin 1 of the primary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC3; one end of resistor RC3 is connected to pin 3 of the primary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC3, and the other end is connected to RS485 chip UC4 via RS485_TXD_1. RO pin; one end of resistor RC5 is connected to the power supply DVDD, and the other end is connected to pin 1 of the primary winding of optocoupler UC5. Pin 2 of the primary winding of optocoupler UC5 is connected to chip UA1 via network M_RS485_DE / RE_1. Pin 3 of the secondary winding of optocoupler UC5 is connected to the communication power supply R+5V. One end of resistor RC6 is connected to communication ground, and the other end is connected to pin 4 of the secondary winding of optocoupler UC5 and resistor RC7. The other end of resistor RC7 is connected to the enable pin / RE and DE of RS485 chip UC4 via network RS485_DE / RE_1. One end of resistor RC9 is connected to the power supply DVDD, and the other end is connected to pin 1 of the primary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC6. One end of resistor RC12 is connected to network M_RS485. _TXD_1 connects to chip UA1, and the other end connects to pin 3 of the primary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC6. One end of resistor RC11 is connected to RS485 power supply R+5V, the power supply pin VCC of high-speed optocoupler UC6, and capacitor CC3. The other end is connected to pin 5 of the secondary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC6 and the RS485 network. _RXD_1 is connected to resistor RC10. The secondary ground pin of high-speed optocoupler UC6 is connected to communication ground. The other end of resistor RC10 is connected to the input pin DI of RS485 chip UC4 driver. One end of capacitor C18 is connected to RS485 power supply R+5V and the power supply pin VCC of RS485 chip UC4. The other end is connected to communication ground. One end of resistor R28 is connected to RS485 chip UC4. Pin B connects TSS transistors DC1 and DC2 to terminal JC1 via network B_1; one end of resistor R29 connects to pin A of RS485 chip UC4, TSS transistors DC2 and DC3, and thermistor RC8, while the other end connects to RS485 power supply R+5V; the other end of TSS transistors DC1 and DC3 connects to communication ground; the other end of thermistor RC8 connects to terminal JC1 via network A_1.

[0075] As an explanation of the working principle, during normal operation, chip UA1 generates a signal. When M_RS485_DE / RE_1 is low, optocoupler UC5 is turned on, the enable pins / RE and DE of RS485 chip UC4 are pulled high, RS485 chip UC4 sends a signal, pin 1 of RS485 chip UC4 is set low, high-speed optocoupler UC3 is turned on, and chip UA1 receives the signal. When M_RS485_DE / RE_1 is high, optocoupler UC5 is turned off, the enable pins / RE and DE of RS485 chip UC4 are pulled low, and when M_RS485_TXD_1 is low, high-speed optocoupler UC6 is turned on, and RS485 chip UC4 receives the signal. Pull-up resistor R29 is connected to RS485 power supply R+5V to ensure that the signal is high under normal conditions. Pull-down resistor R28 is connected to communication ground to ensure that the signal is low under normal conditions. TSS transistors DC1, DC2, and DC3 are connected in parallel between RS485 B and ground, A and B, and RS485 A and ground. Thermistor RC8 is connected in series between pin A of RS485 chip and terminal A of terminal JC1 to ensure the reliability of RS485 bus circuit.

[0076] It can be upgraded with matching RS485 firmware.

[0077] In such Figure 4 As a structural description, the power supply circuit includes resistors R2 that are connected to the AD sampling network of chip UA1.

[0078] The JZA transmit pin TXD is connected to the chip UA1 via Meter-Module_TXD, the J2AVSS pin is grounded, and the power supply pin VCC is connected to the power supply M+12V700mA(max).

[0079] One end of resistor R2 is connected to resistor R3 and the input pin VIN of power chip UQ1, and the other end is connected to resistor R5 and then to chip UA1 via the ADsampling network. The other end of resistor R5 is grounded. Capacitors C3 and C4 are connected in parallel between the input pin VIN of power chip and ground. The other end of resistor R3 is connected to the enable pin EN of power chip UQ1 and resistor R7, and the other end of resistor R7 is grounded. Capacitor C5 is connected between the SW and BST pins of power chip UQ1. Diode D3, capacitors C6 and C2, and electrolytic capacitor E1 are connected between the SW pin of power chip UQ1 and ground. Inductor L1 is connected in series between capacitor C6 and diode D3. One end of resistor R4 is connected to electrolytic capacitor E1, and the other end is connected to the feedback pin FB of power chip UQ1 via resistor R6. One end of resistor R8 is connected to the feedback pin FB of power chip UQ1, and the other end is grounded.

[0080] TVS diode DQ1, capacitors CQ1, CQ2, C20, C21, and C22 are connected between the power supply M+12V 700mA (max) and ground to ensure a stable output of the power supply M+12V 700mA (max).

[0081] Capacitor CQ7 is connected between the input pin of power chip UQ3 and ground; capacitors CQ8 and CQ9 are connected between the output pin of power chip UQ3 and ground.

[0082] Diode DQ2 is connected between power supply V+4V and power supply MVDD; diode DQ3 is connected between power supply V+4V and power supply DVDD.

[0083] As an explanation of its working principle, the input voltage M+12V is connected to the VIN (pin 5) terminal of the power chip UQ1. When the switch is on, diode D3 is reverse-biased and cut off, allowing energy to be transferred from the SW (pin 6) terminal of the switch to charge inductor L1, with some energy also transferred to the output terminal. When the switch is off, the current in inductor L1 flows through diode D3 via the freewheeling circuit, and diode D3 is forward-biased, transferring the energy stored in inductor L1 to the output terminal. During the switch's on / off state, the voltage across inductor L1 is filtered and stored by capacitors C6, C2, and electrolytic capacitor E1, resulting in a stable output. The input voltage 5V is stored in CQ7, filtered, and then enters the power chip UQ3. The power chip UQ3 uses a feedback loop to control the output voltage. When the input voltage changes, the feedback loop automatically adjusts the output voltage to maintain stability. The output voltage V+4V is stored and filtered by CQ8 and CQ9, resulting in a stable output voltage.

[0084] As a technical effect, it meets the voltage requirements of the circuit.

[0085] In such Figure 5 As a structural description, the power supply transformer circuit includes an isolation module power supply UC1 and a power chip UQ2. One end of capacitor C11 is connected to resistor R1, and the other end is grounded. Resistor R1 is connected between capacitor C11 and capacitor C7. Capacitor C7 is connected in parallel between the input pin VIN of module power supply UC1 and ground. Capacitors C8, C9, and C10 are connected in parallel between the output pin +Vo of module power supply UC1 and ground. Capacitors CQ3, CQ4, and CQ5 are connected in parallel between the input pin VIN of power chip UQ2 and ground, and capacitor CQ6 is connected in parallel between the output pin Vout of power chip UQ2 and ground.

[0086] As an explanation of its working principle, the 5V voltage is filtered by resistors R1, C11, and C7 before entering the isolation module power supply UC1. When the internal switch of the isolation module power supply UC1 is closed, the internal inductor stores energy, and the current flowing through the inductor increases linearly. At this time, the output voltage Vout of the isolation module power supply UC1 rises slowly. When the switch is turned off, the energy-storing inductor discharges through the freewheeling diode, and the voltage is filtered by capacitors C8, C9, and C10 to achieve a stable output. The input voltage V+7.2V stores energy through CQ3, CQ4, and CQ5, and after filtering, it enters the power chip UQ2. The power chip UQ2 controls the output voltage through a feedback loop. When the input voltage changes, the feedback loop automatically adjusts the output voltage to maintain its stability. The output voltage V+5.3V is filtered by CQ6 to achieve a stable output voltage.

[0087] As a technical effect, the input voltage is transformed through a transformer circuit to meet the voltage requirements of each function.

[0088] In such Figure 6 In the section on structural design, other reserved isolation firmware interfaces include the isolation module power supply UC2 and the power chip UQ5.

[0089] TVS diode D6 and capacitor are connected in parallel between the interface power supply and ground; one end of capacitor C16 is connected to resistor R12, and the other end is grounded. Resistor R12 is connected between capacitor C16 and capacitor C17. Capacitor C17 is connected in parallel between the input pin VIN of module power supply UC2 and ground; capacitors C13, C14, and C15 are connected in parallel between the output pin +Vo of module power supply UC2 and ground. Capacitor CQ20 is connected in parallel between the input pin VIN of power chip UQ5 and ground; capacitors CQ21 and CQ22 are connected in parallel between the output pin Vout of power chip UQ5 and ground. Diode DQ4 is connected between power supply V+4V and power supply MVDD; diode DQ5 is connected between power supply V+4V and power supply DVDD. Capacitors CQ14, CQ15, and CQ16 are connected between power supply MVDD and ground.

[0090] As an explanation of its working principle, the U+5V power supply voltage is filtered by resistors R12, C16, and C17 before entering the isolation module power supply UC2. When the internal switch of the isolation module power supply UC2 is closed, the internal inductor stores energy, and the current flowing through the inductor increases linearly. At this time, the output voltage Vout of the isolation module power supply UC2 rises slowly. When the switch is turned off, the energy-storing inductor discharges through the freewheeling diode, and the voltage is filtered by capacitors C13, C14, and C15 to achieve a stable output. The input voltage U+7.2V is stored in CQ20 and filtered before entering the power chip UQ5. The power chip UQ5 controls the output voltage through a feedback loop. When the input voltage changes, the feedback loop automatically adjusts the output voltage to maintain its stability. The output voltage +4V is stored and filtered by CQ21 and CQ22 to achieve a stable output voltage.

[0091] As a technical effect, it meets the power supply voltage requirements of other reserved isolated firmware interfaces.

[0092] In such Figure 7 As a structural description, the indicator module includes resistors R10, R15, R17, and R19, which are respectively connected to the networks of M success GreenLED1, M fail Red LED1, M success Green LED2, and M fail Red LED2 of chip UA1;

[0093] Taking the M success Green LED1 network as an example, resistor R10 is connected to the base of transistor QD1, the emitter of transistor QD1 is grounded, and the collector is connected to voltage MVDD through resistor RD1 and indicator light LDEG.

[0094] As an explanation of the working principle, when working normally, chip UA1 generates a signal, which, after being current-limited by resistor R10, turns on transistor QD1, causing indicator light LDEG to light up. Otherwise, transistor QD1 is turned off, causing indicator light LDEG to be off due to open circuit.

[0095] As a technical benefit, it enables the monitoring of the circuit's operating status.

[0096] In such Figure 8 As a structural description, the start button circuit includes resistors RT2, RS2, RS1, RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, R21, R22, RB2, and R24, which are respectively connected to the Debug_Key_1, Eeprom_SCL, Eeprom_SDA, Dataflash_CS, Dataflash_SDO, Dataflash_SDI, Dataflash_SCLK, RS485_TXD_1, RS485_RXD_1, BELL_CTR, and Meter-Module_RXD networks of chip UA1; storage modules US2 and US1 are connected to chip UA1.

[0097] Taking the Debug_Key_1 network as an example, resistor RT2 is connected to capacitor CT1 and resistor RT3. Capacitor CT1 and resistor RT3 are connected in parallel to ground. Switch KT1 is connected to resistor RT1 and connected to power supply DVDD. Capacitor CT2 is connected between power supply DVDD and ground.

[0098] As an explanation of its working principle, when button KT1 is released or in its normal state, the level of Debug_Key_1 is pulled low to ground; when it is pressed, it is pulled high. The button activation circuit determines the pressed or released state of the button on that line by reading the high or low level of Debug_Key_1. RT2 and CT1 are connected in parallel for filtering.

[0099] When operating normally, chip UA1 generates a signal, which, after current limiting by resistor RB2, turns on transistor QB1, causing buzzer BELL1 to sound an alarm. Otherwise, transistor QB1 is turned off, causing buzzer BELL1 to be open-circuited and not to work.

[0100] As a technical effect, the upgrade is implemented with startup and sound prompts.

[0101] In summary, this utility model solves the problems of safety hazards, low data transmission efficiency, and susceptibility to external interference in electricity meters.

[0102] This utility model employs an isolated DC-DC power supply and a high-speed, high-voltage optocoupler to achieve electrical insulation isolation, enabling AC withstand voltage of 4KV and pulse voltage of 6KV, ensuring safety and reliability during upgrades or operation. It utilizes multiple electricity meter interfaces, offering strong versatility. The module features various communication interfaces, including but not limited to RS485, RS232, HPLC, and Bluetooth. Upgrade interfaces are integrated within the same module, with reserved expansion interfaces such as wireless and other wired communication interfaces. In practical operation, the module's hardware system architecture and its derivatives can support any pair of electricity meter interfaces, while also possessing a robust and insulated structure. The upgrade module incorporates multiple automatic interface switching strategies; when one interface malfunctions, it automatically switches to another, significantly increasing transmission reliability and efficiency.

[0103] This utility model is described in detail for the purpose of making the disclosure clearer, and the prior art will not be listed one by one.

[0104] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that multiple technical solutions of this utility model can be combined. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A hot-swappable circuit for supporting electricity meters, characterized in that: It includes an electrical power supply, an MCU processing system, an indicator light module, an audio prompt module, a start button, an electrically and opto-isolated communication module, supporting units, and interface modules; The power supply is used to power the MCU processing system; The MCU processing system is electrically connected to the power supply, indicator light module, sound prompt module, start button, communication module and supporting units; The MCU processing system includes a minimum operating system, which includes the RN8613 chip UA1, which is electrically connected; the UA1 chip is electrically connected to the crystal oscillator circuit, the storage circuit, and the peripheral communication interface. Communication module electrical connection interface module.

2. The hot-swappable supporting circuit for energy meters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting units include a Bluetooth communication module and a wireless communication module; The interface module includes an RS485 firmware interface, an RS232 firmware interface, an HPLC firmware interface, a hot-swappable TTL firmware interface, and a reserved isolated firmware interface.

3. The hot-swappable supporting circuit for energy meters according to claim 2, characterized in that: The MCU processing system includes a chip UA1 that is electrically connected to a crystal oscillator YA1 that provides a clock signal; The UA1 chip is electrically connected to a timer and a counter; Chip UA1 is connected to resistors RA3, RA4, RA5, and RA6 via network SWDCLK, SWDIO, RSTN, and ISP. Capacitor CA10 is connected between power supply MVDD and ground. One end of resistor RA7 is connected to pin 6 of interface J1, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD. One end of resistor RA1 is connected to chip UA1 and capacitor CA1 via network RSTN, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD. The other end of capacitor CA1 is grounded. Capacitors CA2 and CA3 are connected in parallel between chip UA1 network LDO18 and ground. Capacitors CA4 and CA5 are connected between power supply MVDD and ground. One end of resistor RA2 is connected to pin 117 of chip UA1 and capacitor CA7, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD. The other end of capacitor CA7 is grounded. Capacitor CA6 is connected to pin 18 of chip UA1, and the other end is grounded. One end of capacitor CA8 is connected to pin 19 of chip UA1, and the other end is grounded. One end of crystal oscillator YA1 is connected to pin 25 of chip UA1, and the other end is connected to pin 26 of chip UA1. One end of capacitor CA9 is connected to pin 50 of chip UA1, and the other end is connected to pin 51 of chip UA1. One end of resistor R25 is connected to pin 74 of chip UA1 via network BELL_CTR, and the other end is connected to power supply MVDD. One end of resistor R26 is connected to chip UA1 via network M_fail_Red_LED_1. Pin 73; the other end is connected to the power supply MVDD; one end of resistor R27 is connected to pin 72 of chip UA1 through network M_success_Green_LED_1; the other end is connected to the power supply MVDD; TVS diode D1 is connected in parallel between pin 97 of chip UA1 and ground, and TVS diode D2 is connected in parallel between pin 96 of chip UA1 and ground.

4. The hot-swappable supporting circuit for energy meters according to claim 3, characterized in that: The supporting unit and interface module serve as the interface to the electricity meter; The power supply adopts an isolated DC-DC power supply; the RS485 firmware interface circuit includes resistors RC4 and RC12 and optocoupler UC5, which are respectively connected to the M_RS485_RXD_1, M_RS485_TXD_1 and M_RS485_DE / RE_1 networks of chip UA1; One end of resistor RC4 is connected to chip UA1 via the M_RS485_RXD_1 network, and the other end is connected to resistor RC2 and pin 5 of the secondary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC3; the other end of RC2 is connected to power supply DVDD; one end of capacitor CC2 is connected to power supply DVDD, and the other end is connected to ground; pin 4 of the secondary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC3 is connected to ground; one end of resistor RC1 is connected to the communication power supply R+5V, and the other end is connected to pin 1 of the primary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC3; one end of resistor RC3 is connected to pin 3 of the primary winding of high-speed optocoupler UC3, and the other end is connected to pin RO of RS485 chip UC4 via RS485_TXD_1; one end of resistor RC5 is connected to power supply DVDD, and the other end is connected to pin 1 of the primary winding of optocoupler UC5; pin 2 of the primary winding of optocoupler UC5 is connected to chip UA1 via the M_RS485_DE / RE_1 network; pin 3 of the secondary winding of optocoupler UC5 is connected to the communication power supply R+5V; one end of resistor RC6 is connected to communication ground, and the other end is connected to optocoupler UC5. The secondary pin 4 and resistor RC7 are connected. The other end of resistor RC7 is connected to the enable pins / RE and DE of RS485 chip UC4 via network RS485_DE / RE_1. One end of resistor RC9 is connected to power supply DVDD, and the other end is connected to primary pin 1 of high-speed optocoupler UC6. One end of resistor RC12 is connected to chip UA1 via network M_RS485_TXD_1, and the other end is connected to primary pin 3 of high-speed optocoupler UC6. One end of resistor RC11 is connected to RS485 power supply R+5V, high-speed optocoupler UC6 power supply pin VCC, and capacitor CC3. The other end is connected to secondary pin 5 of high-speed optocoupler UC6 and resistor RC10 via network RS485_RXD_1. The secondary ground pin of high-speed optocoupler UC6 is connected to communication ground. The other end of resistor RC10 is connected to driver input pin DI of RS485 chip UC4. One end of capacitor C18 is connected to RS485 power supply R+5V and RS485 chip UC4 power supply pin VCC, and the other end is connected to communication ground. One end of resistor R28 is connected to RS485 chip UC4. Pin B, TSS transistors DC1 and DC2 are connected to terminal JC1 B via network B_1; one end of resistor R29 is connected to pin A of RS485 chip UC4, TSS transistors DC2 and DC3, and thermistor RC8, the other end is connected to RS485 power supply R+5V; the other end of TSS transistors DC1 and DC3 is connected to communication ground; the other end of thermistor RC8 is connected to terminal JC1 A via network A_1. Pull-up resistor R29 is connected to RS485 power supply R+5V to ensure that the signal is high under normal conditions. Pull-down resistor R28 is connected to communication ground to ensure that the signal is low under normal conditions. TSS transistors DC1, DC2, and DC3 are connected in parallel between RS485 B and ground, A and B, and RS485 A and ground. Thermistor RC8 is connected in series between pin A of RS485 chip and terminal A of terminal JC1.

5. The hot-swappable supporting circuit for energy meters according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power supply circuit includes resistors R2 that are connected to the AD sampling network of chip UA1; wherein, the transmit pin TXD of interface JZA is connected to chip UA1 through Meter-Module_TXD, the VSS pin of interface J2A is grounded, and the power supply pin VCC is connected to power supply M+12V; One end of resistor R2 is connected to resistor R3 and the input pin VIN of power chip UQ1, and the other end is connected to resistor R5 and then connected to chip UA1 via the ADsampling network. The other end of resistor R5 is grounded. Capacitors C3 and C4 are connected in parallel between the input pin VIN of power chip and ground. The other end of resistor R3 is connected to the enable pin EN of power chip UQ1 and resistor R7, and the other end of resistor R7 is grounded. Capacitor C5 is connected between the SW and BST pins of power chip UQ1. Diode D3, capacitors C6 and C2, and electrolytic capacitor E1 are connected between the SW pin of power chip UQ1 and ground. Inductor L1 is connected in series between capacitor C6 and diode D3. One end of resistor R4 is connected to electrolytic capacitor E1, and the other end is connected to the feedback pin FB of power chip UQ1 via resistor R6. One end of resistor R8 is connected to the feedback pin FB of power chip UQ1, and the other end is grounded.

6. The hot-swappable supporting circuit for energy meters according to claim 5, characterized in that: TVS diode DQ1, capacitors CQ1, CQ2, C20, C21, and C22 are connected between the power supply M+12V 700mA and ground; Capacitor CQ7 is connected between the input pin of power chip UQ3 and ground; capacitors CQ8 and CQ9 are connected between the output pin of power chip UQ3 and ground. Diode DQ2 is connected between power supply V+4V and power supply MVDD; diode DQ3 is connected between power supply V+4V and power supply DVDD. The input voltage M+12V is connected to the VIN terminal of the power supply chip UQ1; When the switch is on, diode D3 is reverse-biased and cut off, and the energy is transferred from the SW terminal to charge inductor L1 through the switch; when the switch is off, the current in inductor L1 flows through diode D3 through the freewheeling circuit, diode D3 is forward-biased and the energy stored in inductor L1 is transferred to the output terminal. The voltage across inductor L1 is filtered and stored by capacitors C6 and C2 and electrolytic capacitor E1 before being output. The input voltage of 5V is stored in CQ7, filtered, and then enters the power chip UQ3. The power chip UQ3 controls the output voltage through a feedback loop. The output voltage V+4V is the output voltage after passing through CQ8 and CQ9 energy storage filters.

7. The hot-swappable supporting circuit for energy meters according to claim 6, characterized in that: The power supply is electrically connected to a transformer circuit; the transformer circuit includes an isolation module power supply UC1 and a power chip UQ2. One end of capacitor C11 is connected to resistor R1, and the other end is grounded. Resistor R1 is connected between capacitor C11 and capacitor C7. Capacitor C7 is connected in parallel between the input pin VIN of module power supply UC1 and ground. Capacitors C8, C9, and C10 are connected in parallel between the output pin +Vo of module power supply UC1 and ground. Capacitors CQ3, CQ4, and CQ5 are connected in parallel between the input pin VIN of power chip UQ2 and ground. Capacitor CQ6 is connected in parallel between the output pin Vout of power chip UQ2 and ground.

8. The hot-swappable supporting circuit for energy meters according to claim 7, characterized in that: The interface module includes an isolation module power supply UC2 and a power chip UQ5 that are electrically connected; TVS diode D6 and capacitor are connected in parallel between the interface power supply and ground; one end of capacitor C16 is connected to resistor R12, and the other end is grounded; resistor R12 is connected between capacitor C16 and capacitor C17; capacitor C17 is connected in parallel between the input pin VIN of module power supply UC2 and ground; capacitors C13, C14, and C15 are connected in parallel between the output pin +Vo of module power supply UC2 and ground; capacitor CQ20 is connected in parallel between the input pin VIN of power chip UQ5 and ground; capacitors CQ21 and CQ22 are connected in parallel between the output pin Vout of power chip UQ5 and ground; diode DQ4 is connected between power supply V+4V and power supply MVDD; diode DQ5 is connected between power supply V+4V and power supply DVDD; capacitors CQ14, CQ15, and CQ16 are connected between power supply MVDD and ground.

9. The hot-swappable supporting circuit for energy meters according to claim 8, characterized in that: The indicator module includes resistors R10, R15, R17, and R19, which are respectively connected to the networks of M success Green LED1, M fail Red LED1, M success Green LED2, and M fail Red LED2 of chip UA1; Resistor R10 is connected to the base of transistor QD1, the emitter of transistor QD1 is grounded, and the collector is connected to voltage MVDD through resistor RD1 and indicator light LDEG.

10. The hot-swappable supporting circuit for energy meters according to claim 3, characterized in that: The start button circuit includes resistors RT2, RS2, RS1, RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, R21, R22, RB2, and R24, which are respectively connected to the Debug_Key_1, Eeprom_SCL, Eeprom_SDA, Dataflash_CS, Dataflash_SDO, Dataflash_SDI, Dataflash_SCLK, RS485_TXD_1, RS485_RXD_1, BELL_CTR, and Meter-Module_RXD networks of chip UA1; storage modules US2 and US1 are connected to chip UA1. Resistor RT2 is connected to capacitor CT1 and resistor RT3. Capacitor CT1 and resistor RT3 are connected in parallel to ground. Switch KT1 is connected to resistor RT1 and connected to power supply DVDD. Capacitor CT2 is connected between power supply DVDD and ground.

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