Kiloampere-level large-current-carrying air-cooled current lead

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kiloampere-level large-current-carrying air-cooling current lead. The kiloampere-level large-current-carrying air-cooling current lead comprises a room-temperature current-carrying part, a fin cooling part, a high-temperature superconducting part and a lead connecting part which are sequentially connected in the length direction of the current lead. The room-temperature current-carrying part is electrically connected with the room-temperature power supply; and the lead connecting part is electrically connected with the superconducting magnet and is soaked in the liquid helium cavity. An air cooling flow channel extending in the extending direction of the current lead is arranged in the current lead, one end of the air cooling flow channel extends into the liquid helium cavity, and the other end of the air cooling flow channel sequentially penetrates through the high-temperature superconducting part, the fin cooling part and the room-temperature current-carrying part and is communicated with the outside. The fin cooling part comprises a fin outer cylinder and a fin assembly located in the fin outer cylinder. The fin assembly comprises a plurality of fins which are arranged at intervals and extend in the direction parallel to the extending direction of the lead. The air cooling flow channel is arranged in the current lead, so that helium in the liquid helium cavity cools the current lead when flowing through each component through the air cooling flow channel, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the current lead is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of superconducting magnet equipment, and in particular to a kiloampere-level high-current gas-cooled current lead. Background Technology

[0002] In superconducting magnet systems, current leads are key components connecting room-temperature power supplies and cryogenic superconducting magnets. They are responsible for transmitting large currents from the room-temperature end to the magnet coils immersed in liquid helium. The currents transmitted from the current leads to the cryogenic superconducting magnets are relatively large, typically in the kiloampere range or higher. Due to the large current transmission, thermal leakage occurs during the transmission process. Thermal leakage refers to the significant heat load that is transferred to the cryogenic region by conventional current leads when transmitting large currents, due to Joule heating and conductive heating. In superconducting magnet systems, the current leads generate a large heat load in the cryogenic region when transmitting large currents, leading to violent evaporation of liquid helium and high operating costs. The core issue in designing high-performance current leads is how to effectively reduce thermal leakage from room temperature to the cryogenic region while transmitting large currents, and how to efficiently utilize the cooling capacity generated by the system itself for heat dissipation.

[0003] In existing technologies, to reduce heat leakage and prevent a large amount of heat load from entering the low-temperature region of a superconducting magnet, the current leads are generally set into different segments along the lead direction. For example, multiple segments such as a sealing segment, a primary cooling segment, and a secondary cooling segment are set along the length of the lead. Different materials are selected for insulation in different segments to achieve gradient cooling and reduce the heat load entering the low-temperature region of the superconducting magnet. However, this common method only relies on the physical properties of the material to reduce the temperature, and there are still bottlenecks in heat dissipation efficiency and thermal barrier capability. There is a problem of low efficiency in heat dissipation and thermal load isolation.

[0004] Therefore, the current leads used in existing superconducting magnet systems for high current have low efficiency in heat dissipation and thermal load isolation. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this application is to solve the problem of low efficiency in heat dissipation and thermal load isolation of high-current leads used in superconducting magnet systems in the prior art.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application discloses a kiloampere-level high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead, comprising a room-temperature current-carrying section, a finned cooling section, a high-temperature superconducting section, and a lead connection section connected sequentially along the length of the current lead. The room-temperature current-carrying section is electrically connected to a room-temperature power supply, and the lead connection section is electrically connected to a superconducting magnet and immersed in a liquid helium cavity. Current from the room-temperature current-carrying section sequentially passes through the room-temperature current-carrying section, the finned cooling section, the high-temperature superconducting section, and the lead connection section before entering the superconducting magnet.

[0007] Furthermore, the current lead has a gas-cooled flow channel extending along the lead extension direction. One end of the gas-cooled flow channel extends into the liquid helium cavity, and the other end passes through the high-temperature superconducting part, the fin cooling part, and the room temperature current-carrying part in sequence and is connected to the outside.

[0008] The fin cooling section includes a fin outer cylinder and a fin assembly located inside the fin outer cylinder. The fin assembly includes multiple fins that are spaced apart from each other and extend parallel to the direction of the lead wire extension. The gaps between the multiple fins and the gaps between the fins and the fin outer cylinder form a cooling channel along the same direction as the direction of the lead wire extension.

[0009] Using the above technical solution, this application also sets the current lead as a multi-stage cooling structure, including a room temperature current-carrying part, a fin cooling part, a high temperature superconducting part, and a lead connection part. When the current passes through each component, it can dissipate heat through the physical properties of its own material, thereby reducing heat leakage along the length of the current lead.

[0010] Furthermore, a gas-cooled flow channel is set inside the current lead, so that the cooling gas (such as helium) in the liquid helium cavity can be transferred in reverse through the gas-cooled flow channel. When flowing through each component, it cools the current lead. The combination of the gas-cooled flow channel and the multi-stage structure can improve the heat dissipation efficiency and effectively solve the problem of low heat dissipation efficiency during high current transmission.

[0011] Furthermore, the finned cooling section is configured as a finned outer cylinder and a finned assembly. The finned assembly includes multiple fins arranged at intervals and extending parallel to the lead wire extension direction. This multi-fin structure not only increases the heat dissipation area but also blocks heat conduction. The structural arrangement of multiple fins within the finned outer cylinder optimizes the insulation effect of the current lead wire. The cooling channel within the finned outer cylinder extends axially, providing a smooth flow path for the cooling gas. In this way, the cooling gas (e.g., helium) flowing from the air-cooling channel into the finned cooling section can quickly pass through the third cooling channel within the finned cooling section to increase the flow rate of the cooling gas, accelerate cooling, and improve cooling efficiency.

[0012] The embodiments of this application also disclose a kiloampere-level high current-carrying air-cooled current lead wire, wherein the room temperature current-carrying part includes a room temperature current-carrying component and a sealing connection component connected sequentially in the extension direction of the lead wire; wherein the room temperature current-carrying component is further away from the fin cooling part than the sealing connection component, and the room temperature power supply is electrically connected to the room temperature current-carrying component, and one end of the sealing connection component is sealed to one end of the room temperature current-carrying component, and the other end is sealed to the corresponding end of the fin cooling part.

[0013] The room-temperature current-carrying component has a first cooling channel that forms part of the air-cooled flow channel. An exhaust pipe is also provided at the other end of the room-temperature current-carrying component away from the sealing connection component, and the exhaust pipe is connected to the first cooling channel. Furthermore, the sealing connection component also has a second cooling channel that forms part of the air-cooled flow channel, and the first cooling channel is connected to the second cooling channel.

[0014] Using the above technical solution, the room temperature current-carrying component and the room temperature power supply are electrically connected to transmit current to the superconducting magnet. A sealed connection component is set on the side of the room temperature current-carrying component near the fin cooling section, which can achieve the effects of sealing and heat insulation. The sealed connection component also facilitates the installation of current leads on the superconducting magnet system. The room temperature current-carrying component and the sealed connection component are respectively provided with a first cooling channel and a second cooling channel. The helium gas transmitted in the reverse direction is discharged through the exhaust pipe, so that the transmission of large current and helium gas cooling do not interfere with each other, further ensuring the safe and stable operation of the superconducting magnet system.

[0015] The embodiments of this application also disclose a kiloampere-level high current-carrying air-cooled current lead wire. The sealing connection component includes a connecting pipe and a room temperature sealing assembly located outside the connecting pipe. The connecting pipe extends along the extension direction of the lead wire and its two ends are respectively sealed to the room temperature current-carrying component and the outer cylinder of the fin. A second cooling channel is formed inside the connecting pipe. The room temperature sealing assembly includes a sealing member sleeved on the outer wall of the connecting pipe and two sets of clamping members abutting against both sides of the sealing member along the axial direction of the connecting pipe.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the sealing component and the clamping component are set on the outer wall of the connecting pipe, which can fit tightly against the outer surface of the connecting pipe to prevent gas leakage. Furthermore, the current lead can be sealed and installed on the vacuum container wall of the superconducting magnet by the room temperature sealing component, which meets the vacuum sealing and high voltage electrical insulation requirements when the current lead passes through the vacuum container wall.

[0017] The embodiments of this application also disclose a high-current-carrying air-cooled current lead with a capacity of kiloamperes. The sealing component includes an elastic sealing ring, a pair of insulating sleeves, and a connecting flange. The inner ring of the elastic sealing ring seals against the outer wall of the connecting pipe. The pair of insulating sleeves clamp and abut against the axial ends of the elastic sealing ring. The connecting flange abuts against the outer periphery of the elastic sealing ring and the outer periphery of the pair of insulating sleeves near the elastic sealing ring.

[0018] Each clamping component includes a clamping nut and a clamping washer. Each clamping washer abuts against the insulating sleeve on the corresponding side. Each clamping nut is threaded to the corresponding outer wall of the connecting pipe and abuts against the corresponding clamping washer.

[0019] Using the above technical solution, the inner ring of the elastic sealing ring can tightly abut against the outer wall of the connecting pipe, and the connecting flange is set on the outer periphery to improve the connection strength and stability. The elastic sealing ring can also ensure sealing when subjected to external pressure, vibration or impact. The pair of insulating sleeves on both sides of the elastic sealing ring also play the role of sealing and heat insulation. While fixing and abutting the insulating sleeves, the compression nut can also be connected to the thread of the connecting pipe to achieve a sealing effect. Ultimately, it ensures the vacuum seal and high-voltage electrical insulation requirements when the current lead passes through the vacuum container wall.

[0020] The embodiments of this application also disclose a kiloampere-level high current-carrying air-cooled current lead wire, wherein the outer cylinder of the fin is configured as a cylinder extending along the extension direction of the lead wire, and the gaps between multiple fins and the gaps between the fins and the outer cylinder of the fin constitute the third cooling channel of the air-cooled flow channel in the fin cooling section.

[0021] The high-temperature superconducting section includes a cylindrical superconducting cylinder extending along the lead wire extension direction. The superconducting cylinder has a fourth cooling channel that forms part of the gas cooling flow channel. A hollow cooling joint is also provided at the end of the outer cylinder of the fin that connects with the high-temperature superconducting section.

[0022] One end of the cooling connector is sealed and welded to the outer cylinder of the fin, and the other end is sealed and welded to the superconducting cylinder. The third cooling channel and the fourth cooling channel are connected through the cooling connector.

[0023] Using the above technical solution, the gaps between multiple fins and the gaps between the fins and the outer cylinder of the fins constitute the third cooling channel in the fin cooling section. When helium flows through the fins, it can fully exchange heat with the fin surface, carrying away the heat generated by the conductive current leads, effectively reducing the fin temperature and improving the cooling efficiency of the fin cooling section. Similarly, a fourth cooling channel, forming part of the air-cooling channel, is provided inside the superconducting cylinder, cooling the superconducting wires when helium passes through the superconducting cylinder.

[0024] The embodiments of this application also disclose a kiloampere-level high-current gas-cooled current lead, wherein multiple high-temperature superconducting strips are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the outer wall of the superconducting cylinder, and each high-temperature superconducting strip extends along the axial direction of the superconducting cylinder.

[0025] By employing the above technical solution, multiple high-temperature superconducting strips extending axially are arranged circumferentially at intervals on the outer wall of the superconducting cylinder. This layout increases the number of current transmission channels. Multiple high-temperature superconducting strips operate in parallel, capable of collectively carrying kiloampere-level currents, improving the overall current-carrying capacity of the current leads and meeting the high-current transmission requirements of the superconducting magnet system. Furthermore, the circumferentially spaced distribution of multiple high-temperature superconducting strips ensures relatively uniform current distribution within each strip, facilitating cooling of the strips and helping to avoid excessively high local current densities, thus reducing Joule heating caused by current concentration.

[0026] Furthermore, the outer wall of the superconducting cylinder is provided with multiple mounting slots spaced circumferentially, and each high-temperature superconducting strip is welded and fixed in the corresponding mounting slot. The mounting slots provide precise positioning and stable support for the high-temperature superconducting strips, while the welding process further enhances the connection strength between the high-temperature superconducting strips and the superconducting cylinder. Moreover, the multiple high-temperature superconducting strips spaced apart on the outer wall of the superconducting cylinder can also increase the heat dissipation area and improve the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0027] The embodiments of this application also disclose a kiloampere-level high-current gas-cooled current lead wire, in which at least two mounting slots are not welded with high-temperature superconducting strips, and the bottom wall of each mounting slot for which the high-temperature superconducting strip is not welded is provided with multiple venting slots at intervals, and each venting slot penetrates the side wall of the superconducting cylinder.

[0028] Using the above technical solution, multiple venting slots penetrating the side wall of the superconducting cylinder are opened on the bottom wall of the unwelded mounting groove, so that cooling gas (such as helium) can directly enter the interior of the superconducting cylinder or flow around the exterior of the superconducting cylinder through these venting slots to remove the heat from the high-temperature superconductor.

[0029] The embodiments of this application also disclose a kiloampere-level high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead wire, wherein the lead wire connection portion is welded and fixed to the end of the superconducting cylinder away from the outer cylinder of the fins. The lead wire connection portion includes a lead wire conductor extending along the lead wire extension direction, a slot being provided on the lead wire conductor, the lead wire conductor being electrically connected to a superconducting magnet, and the slot communicating with a fourth cooling channel.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the lead conductor is electrically connected to the superconducting magnet, and the welding fixation method provides a high-strength, low-resistance connection to ensure efficient and stable current transmission between the lead conductor and the superconducting magnet, and reduce the heat generated by contact resistance.

[0031] The embodiments of this application also disclose a kiloampere-level high current-carrying gas-cooled current lead wire, wherein the room temperature current-carrying part, the fin cooling part, the high temperature superconducting part, and the lead wire connection part are all conductive.

[0032] In summary, this application discloses a kiloampere-level high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead, including a multi-stage cooling structure consisting of a room-temperature current-carrying section, a finned cooling section, a high-temperature superconducting section, and a lead connection section connected sequentially along the length of the current lead. It also includes a gas-cooling channel located inside the current lead and extending along the lead's extension direction, with cooling gas (helium) flowing within the gas-cooling channel. The combination of the gas-cooling channel and the multi-stage structure allows for heat dissipation through the physical properties of the materials of each component, while simultaneously cooling the current lead through the cooling gas within the gas-cooling channel, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the current lead. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the kiloampere-level high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0034] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the finned cooling section of a kiloampere-level high-current-carrying air-cooled current lead provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0035] Figure 3 A partial structural schematic diagram of the sealing connection component of the kiloampere-level high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the connecting tube and fin assembly of the kiloampere-level high current-carrying gas-cooled current lead provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 5 A partial cross-sectional view of the finned outer cylinder and the superconducting cylinder of the kiloampere-level high current-carrying gas-cooled current lead provided in this embodiment of the utility model, connected by a cooling joint.

[0038] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the high-temperature superconducting section of the kiloampere-level high-current gas-cooled current lead provided in this embodiment of the utility model;

[0039] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the lead connection part and the high-temperature superconducting part of the kiloampere-level high-current gas-cooled current lead provided in this embodiment of the utility model.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0041] 10. Current leads;

[0042] 100. Room temperature current-carrying section;

[0043] 110. Room temperature current-carrying component; 111. First cooling channel;

[0044] 120. Sealed connection components;

[0045] 121. Second cooling channel; 122. Elastic sealing ring; 123. Insulating sleeve; 124. Connecting flange; 125. Compression nut; 126. Compression gasket; 127. Connecting pipe; 128. Middle section cylinder; 129. Threaded section;

[0046] 130. Exhaust pipe;

[0047] 200. Finned cooling section;

[0048] 210. Finned outer cylinder; 220. Finned assembly; 230. Third cooling channel;

[0049] 300. High-temperature superconducting section;

[0050] 310. Superconducting cylinder;

[0051] 311. Mounting slot; 312. Ventilation opening;

[0052] 320. Fourth cooling channel; 330. High-temperature superconducting band;

[0053] 400. Lead wire connection part;

[0054] 410. Lead conductor; 420. Slot;

[0055] 500. Air-cooled flow channel;

[0056] 600. Cooling connector;

[0057] 610. Weld seam. Detailed Implementation

[0058] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the embodiments of this utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0059] Please see Figure 1 This embodiment discloses a high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead with a capacity of kiloamperes, comprising a room-temperature current-carrying section 100, a finned cooling section 200, a high-temperature superconducting section 300, and a lead connection section 400 connected sequentially along the length of the current lead 10. The room-temperature current-carrying section 100 is electrically connected to a room-temperature power supply (not shown in the figure), and the lead connection section 400 is electrically connected to a superconducting magnet and immersed in a liquid helium cavity (not shown in the figure). The current from the room-temperature current-carrying section 100 sequentially passes through the room-temperature current-carrying section 100, the finned cooling section 200, the high-temperature superconducting section 300, and the lead connection section 400 before entering the superconducting magnet (not shown in the figure).

[0060] It should be noted that in this embodiment, each component of the current lead can dissipate heat through the physical properties of its own material when the current passes through it, thereby reducing heat leakage along the length of the current lead 10. That is, in this embodiment, the temperature of the room temperature current-carrying part 100, the finned cooling part 200, the high-temperature superconducting part 300, and the lead connection part 400 decreases sequentially along the length of the current lead 10 toward the superconducting magnet, thereby forming a multi-level gradient cooling structure with different temperature ranges along the length of the current lead 10 toward the superconducting magnet, and the temperature of different components decreases sequentially in the direction closer to the superconducting magnet.

[0061] It should be understood that the "high temperature" in the high temperature superconducting part 300 in this embodiment does not refer to the high temperature in Celsius, but rather to the superconducting material with a temperature higher than the boiling point of liquid helium (4.2 K) relative to traditional low temperature superconducting materials.

[0062] And please see Figure 1 The current lead 10 has a gas-cooled channel 500 extending along the lead extension direction. One end of the gas-cooled channel 500 extends into the liquid helium cavity, and the other end passes through the high-temperature superconducting part 300, the fin cooling part 200 and the room temperature current-carrying part 100 in sequence and is connected to the outside.

[0063] With this structure, a gas-cooled flow channel 500 is provided inside the current lead 10, so that the cooling gas (such as helium) in the liquid helium cavity can be transferred in reverse through the gas-cooled flow channel 500 under the pressure difference drive. When flowing through each component, it cools the current lead 10. The gas-cooled flow channel 500, combined with the room temperature current-carrying part 100, the fin cooling part 200, the high temperature superconducting part 300 and the lead connection part 400, can improve the heat dissipation efficiency and effectively solve the problem of low heat dissipation efficiency during high current transmission.

[0064] Further, see Figure 1 An exhaust pipe 130 is provided at the end of the room temperature current-carrying part 100 away from the lead wire connection part 400. The exhaust pipe 130 can discharge the helium gas transmitted in reverse or recycle it into the liquid helium chamber for reuse. This embodiment does not make specific limitations on this.

[0065] It should be noted that the temperature inside the liquid helium cavity is close to absolute zero. Therefore, the lead connection part 400, which is inserted into and immersed in the liquid helium cavity, has the lowest temperature. When the helium flows in the opposite direction along its length, the helium passes through the high-temperature superconducting part 300, the finned cooling part 200, and the room-temperature current-carrying part 100 in sequence, and carries away the heat. Therefore, in this embodiment, the room-temperature current-carrying part 100, the finned cooling part 200, the high-temperature superconducting part 300, and the lead connection part 400 are basically maintained in different temperature gradient ranges, and the temperature is lower the closer to the superconducting magnet.

[0066] For example, in this embodiment, the open temperature of the room temperature current-carrying part 100 is around 300K, corresponding to a temperature of around -26.85°C; the open temperature of the fin cooling part 200 is between 300K and 50K, corresponding to a temperature of between -26.85°C and -223.15°C; the open temperature of the high temperature superconducting part 300 is between 50K and 4.2K, corresponding to a temperature of between -223.15°C and -268.95°C; and the lead wire connection part 400 is immersed in the liquid helium cavity, with an open temperature of around 4.2K, corresponding to a temperature of -268.95°C. As can be seen from the above description, the current lead 10 disclosed in this embodiment gradually cools in stages along its length toward the position close to the superconducting magnet, forming a gradient heat dissipation method. Each part of the current lead 10 maintains a constant temperature, resulting in good heat dissipation performance and thermal barrier capability.

[0067] Further, see Figure 2 and Figure 4 The fin cooling section 200 includes a fin outer cylinder 210 and a fin assembly 220 located inside the fin outer cylinder 210. The fin assembly 220 includes a plurality of fins arranged at intervals and extending parallel to the lead wire extension direction. The gaps between the plurality of fins and the gaps between the fins and the fin outer cylinder 210 form a cooling channel along the same direction as the lead wire extension direction.

[0068] The cooling channel located inside the outer cylinder 210 of the fin extends in the axial direction, providing a smooth flow channel for the cooling gas. The cooling gas is not blocked by the internal fins, resulting in better airflow. In this way, the cooling gas (such as helium) flowing from the air cooling channel to the fin cooling section 200 can quickly pass through the cooling channel inside the fin cooling section 200, thereby increasing the flow rate of the cooling gas, quickly removing heat from the fins, accelerating cooling, and improving cooling efficiency.

[0069] It should be noted that the specific shape of the outer cylinder 210 of the fin is not limited in this embodiment. For example, it can be a cylindrical body, a square body, etc. In this embodiment, it is preferably set as a cylindrical body. The number of fins in the fin assembly 220 and the gap between two adjacent fins are also not limited. They can be designed according to the requirements. However, each fin is set inside the outer cylinder 210 of the fin and extends along the axial direction. The fin is made of a metal conductive material, such as copper, silver or other conductive materials. For example, in this embodiment, it is made of copper. Each fin is a copper sheet.

[0070] With this structural design, the finned cooling section 200 is configured as a finned outer cylinder 210 and a finned assembly 220. The finned assembly 220 includes multiple fins that are spaced apart from each other and extend parallel to the direction of the lead wire extension. The structure of multiple fins increases the heat dissipation area, so that the heat of the finned cooling section 200 is absorbed by the counterflowing helium gas, reducing the heat load of the finned cooling section 200 and blocking the conduction of heat. The structural arrangement of multiple fins in the finned outer cylinder 210 optimizes the insulation effect of the current lead wire 10.

[0071] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the room-temperature current-carrying part 100, the finned cooling part 200, the high-temperature superconducting part 300, and the lead-connecting part 400 are all conductive. For example, preferably, the room-temperature current-carrying part 100, the finned cooling part 200, the high-temperature superconducting part 300, and the lead-connecting part 400 are all made of metallic conductive materials, possessing excellent conductivity and excellent cooling performance. For example, the room-temperature current-carrying part 100 and the finned cooling part 200 can be made of copper, and the high-temperature superconducting part 300 and the lead-connecting part 400 can be made of high-temperature superconducting materials.

[0072] Next, the room temperature current-carrying section 100 of the kiloampere-level high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead disclosed in this embodiment will be described in more detail:

[0073] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 The room temperature current-carrying part 100 includes a room temperature current-carrying component 110 and a sealing connection component 120 connected sequentially in the lead extension direction. The room temperature current-carrying component 110 is further away from the fin cooling part 200 than the sealing connection component 120. The room temperature power supply is electrically connected to the room temperature current-carrying component 110. One end of the sealing connection component 120 is sealed to one end of the room temperature current-carrying component 110, and the other end is sealed to the corresponding end of the fin cooling part 200.

[0074] Specifically, in this embodiment, the room temperature current-carrying component 110 can be a current-carrying metal block, such as a current-carrying copper block or a current-carrying silver block, etc., and this embodiment does not limit it to a single type. The sealing connection component 120 can be a Dewar sealing connection component, a cryogenic sealing component, etc. For example, the Dewar sealing connection component can be sealed by a Dewar shell and a cold shield assembly, etc., and the cryogenic sealing component can be a sealing insulation component, a sealing flange, etc. Those skilled in the art can design or select according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not limit it to a specific type.

[0075] Further, see Figure 3 The room temperature current-carrying component 110 has a first cooling channel 111 inside, which forms part of the air-cooled flow channel 500. The other end of the room temperature current-carrying component 110 away from the sealing connection component 120 is also provided with an exhaust pipe 130 (see Figure 1The exhaust pipe 130 is connected to the first cooling channel 111. Furthermore, the interior of the sealing connection component 120 is also provided with a second cooling channel 121 that constitutes part of the air-cooled flow channel 500, and the first cooling channel 111 is connected to the second cooling channel 121.

[0076] With this structural design, the room temperature current-carrying component 110 is electrically connected to the room temperature power supply to transmit current to the superconducting magnet. A sealing connection component 120 is provided on the side of the room temperature current-carrying component 110 near the fin cooling section 200, which can achieve the effects of sealing and heat insulation. The sealing connection component 120 also facilitates the installation of the current lead 10 on the superconducting magnet system. The room temperature current-carrying component 110 and the sealing connection component 120 are respectively provided with a first cooling channel 111 and a second cooling channel 121, and the helium gas transmitted in the reverse direction is discharged through the exhaust pipe 130, so that the transmission of large current and helium gas cooling do not interfere with each other, further ensuring the safe and stable operation of the superconducting magnet system.

[0077] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The sealing connection component 120 includes a connecting pipe 127 and a room temperature sealing assembly located outside the connecting pipe 127. The connecting pipe 127 extends along the lead wire extension direction and is sealed to the room temperature current-carrying component 110 and the finned outer cylinder 210 at both ends, respectively. The second cooling channel 121 is formed inside the connecting pipe 127. The room temperature sealing assembly includes a sealing member sleeved on the outer wall of the connecting pipe 127 and two sets of clamping members abutting against both sides of the sealing member along the axial direction of the connecting pipe 127.

[0078] Specifically, in this embodiment, the specific structure of the sealing component and the clamping component is not limited. For example, the sealing component can be any one of a sealing ring, a sealing gasket, or a sealing sleeve, and the clamping component can be any one of a clamping ring, a pressure cap, a clamping nut, or a flange-type clamping component. In this embodiment, the sealing component and the clamping component are sleeved on the outer wall of the connecting pipe 127, which can tightly fit the outer surface of the connecting pipe 127 to prevent gas leakage.

[0079] Please see Figure 3 Preferably, in this embodiment, the sealing component includes an elastic sealing ring 122, a pair of insulating sleeves 123, and a connecting flange 124. See further details. Figure 4The connecting pipe 127 is configured to consist of two threaded sections 129 and a middle cylindrical section 128 located in the middle of the two threaded sections 129. Preferably, the outer walls of the two threaded sections 129 are provided with external threaded grooves, and the middle cylindrical section 128 is configured as a smooth cylinder. The inner ring of the elastic sealing ring 122 seals against the outer wall of the connecting pipe 127, and a pair of insulating sleeves 123 are respectively clamped and abutted against the axial ends of the elastic sealing ring 122. The connecting flange 124 abuts against the outer periphery of the elastic sealing ring 122 and the outer periphery of the pair of insulating sleeves 123 near the elastic sealing ring 122. This structure can further improve the vacuum sealing performance and high-voltage electrical insulation performance. In this embodiment, the elastic sealing ring 122 and the insulating sleeves 123 are fitted onto the middle cylindrical section 128 of the connecting pipe 127.

[0080] Specifically, in this embodiment, the elastic sealing ring 122 can be made of elastic polymer materials, such as silicone rubber, nitrile rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, etc., and the insulating sleeve 123 is preferably set as a ceramic insulating sleeve.

[0081] Each clamping component includes a clamping nut 125 and a clamping washer 126. Each clamping washer 126 abuts against the insulating sleeve 123 on the corresponding side. Each clamping nut 125 is threadedly connected to the corresponding outer wall of the connecting pipe 127 and abuts against the corresponding clamping washer 126. Specifically, in this embodiment, two pairs of clamping nuts 125 and clamping washers 126 are threadedly connected to the external thread groove of the connecting pipe 127.

[0082] With the design of this structure in this embodiment, the inner ring of the elastic sealing ring 122 can tightly abut against the outer wall of the connecting pipe 127, and the connecting flange 124 is provided on the outer periphery to improve the connection strength and stability. The elastic sealing ring 122 can also ensure sealing when subjected to external pressure, vibration or impact. The pair of insulating sleeves 123 located on both sides of the elastic sealing ring 122 also play the role of sealing and heat insulation. The compression nut 125 can not only fix and abut against the insulating sleeve 123, but also be threadedly connected to the connecting pipe 127 to achieve a sealing effect.

[0083] Furthermore, by providing a sealing component and a clamping component with excellent sealing and insulation properties in this embodiment, the vacuum sealing and high-voltage electrical insulation of the current lead 10 when it is installed through the wall of the vacuum container are ensured.

[0084] The finned cooling section 200, the high-temperature superconducting section 300, and the lead connection section 400 of the kiloampere-level high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead disclosed in this embodiment will now be described in more detail:

[0085] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 It should be noted that, Figure 3The outer cylinder 210 of the fins has been removed, and only the fin assembly 220 is shown. The outer cylinder 210 of the fins is set as a cylinder extending along the extension direction of the lead wire. In this embodiment, multiple fins extend along the axial direction inside the outer cylinder 210. It should be noted that the axial direction is the same as the extension direction of the outer cylinder 210. With such a structure, the gaps between the multiple fins and the gaps between the fins and the outer cylinder 210 of the fins constitute a cooling channel along the same extension direction as the lead wire, that is, it constitutes the third cooling channel 230 of the air cooling channel 500 in the fin cooling section 200.

[0086] The third cooling channel 230 located inside the outer cylinder 210 of the fin extends in the axial direction and can provide a smooth flow channel for cooling gas. In this way, the cooling gas (such as helium) flowing from the air cooling channel to the fin cooling section 200 can quickly pass through the third cooling channel 230 in the fin cooling section 200 to increase the flow rate of the cooling gas, accelerate cooling and improve cooling efficiency.

[0087] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6 The high-temperature superconducting section 300 includes a cylindrical superconducting cylinder 310 extending along the lead wire extension direction. The superconducting cylinder 310 has a fourth cooling channel 320 that forms part of the gas-cooled flow channel 500. A hollow cooling joint 600 is also provided at the end where the finned outer cylinder 210 connects to the high-temperature superconducting section 300. Furthermore, the finned outer cylinder 210 and the superconducting cylinder 310 of the high-temperature superconducting section 300 are welded together via the hollow cooling joint 600. (See [reference]). Figure 5 The connection between the finned outer cylinder 210 and the cooling joint 600 also has a weld 610, which ensures the low contact resistance and mechanical strength required for the transmission of kiloampere-level high current.

[0088] Please see Figure 5 One end of the cooling connector 600 is sealed and welded to the outer cylinder 210 of the fins, and the other end is sealed and welded to the superconducting cylinder 310. The third cooling channel 230 and the fourth cooling channel 320 are connected through the cooling connector 600.

[0089] In this embodiment, the gaps between multiple fins and the gap between the fins and the outer cylinder 210 constitute the third cooling channel 230 of the air-cooled flow channel 500 in the fin cooling section 200. When helium flows through the fins, it can fully exchange heat with the fin surface, carrying away the heat generated by the conductive current leads 10, effectively reducing the fin temperature and improving the cooling efficiency of the fin cooling section 200. Similarly, a fourth cooling channel 320 is provided inside the superconducting cylinder 310, forming part of the air-cooled flow channel 500, which cools the superconducting wire when helium passes through the superconducting cylinder 310.

[0090] This embodiment also discloses a high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead with a capacity of kiloamperes. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 and Figure 7 Multiple high-temperature superconducting strips 330 are arranged circumferentially on the outer wall of the superconducting cylinder 310, and each high-temperature superconducting strip 330 extends along the axial direction of the superconducting cylinder 310.

[0091] Specifically, the structure of the superconducting cylinder 310 in this embodiment is not limited. For example, it can be a cylindrical body, a square cylinder, or other shapes. In this embodiment, it is preferably set as a cylindrical body. Furthermore, the number of high-temperature superconducting strips 330 on the outer wall of the superconducting cylinder 310 in this embodiment is not limited. For example, the high-temperature superconducting strips 330 can be set to 16, 18, 20, or other numbers.

[0092] More specifically, the high-temperature superconducting tape 330 is preferably made of a superconducting material, such as iron-based superconducting tape, bismuth-based (BSCCO) superconducting material, etc. This embodiment does not make specific limitations on this.

[0093] This structural design incorporates multiple axially extending high-temperature superconducting strips 330 spaced circumferentially along the outer wall of the superconducting cylinder 310. This arrangement increases the number of current transmission channels. The multiple high-temperature superconducting strips 330 operate in parallel, collectively carrying kiloampere-level currents, thus improving the overall current-carrying capacity of the current leads 10 and meeting the high-current transmission requirements of the superconducting magnet system. The high-temperature superconducting strips 330, made of superconducting material, have lower resistance, fundamentally eliminating resistive heating and reducing heat leakage to extremely low levels. Furthermore, the circumferential spacing of the multiple high-temperature superconducting strips 330 ensures relatively uniform current distribution within each strip. This helps avoid excessively high local current densities and reduces Joule heating caused by current concentration.

[0094] Furthermore, the outer wall of the superconducting cylinder 310 is provided with multiple mounting grooves 311 spaced apart along the circumference, and each high-temperature superconducting strip 330 is welded and fixed in the corresponding mounting groove 311. The mounting grooves 311 provide precise positioning and stable support for the high-temperature superconducting strip 330, and the welding process further enhances the connection strength between the high-temperature superconducting strip 330 and the superconducting cylinder 310. Moreover, the multiple high-temperature superconducting strips 330 spaced apart on the outer wall of the superconducting cylinder 310 can also increase the heat dissipation area and improve the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0095] This embodiment also discloses a high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead with a capacity of kiloamperes. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 At least two mounting slots 311 contain unwelded high-temperature superconducting strips 330, and the bottom wall of each mounting slot 311 containing unwelded high-temperature superconducting strips 330 is provided with a plurality of venting slots 312 at intervals, each venting slot 312 penetrating the side wall of the superconducting cylinder 310.

[0096] With this structural design, the bottom wall of the unwelded mounting groove 311 has multiple venting slots 312 that penetrate the side wall of the superconducting cylinder 310, allowing cooling gas (such as helium) to enter the interior of the superconducting cylinder 310 directly through these venting slots 312 or flow around the exterior of the superconducting cylinder 310 to remove heat from the high-temperature superconductor.

[0097] This application also discloses a high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead wire with a kiloampere range. The lead wire connection portion 400 is welded and fixed to the end of the superconducting cylinder 310 away from the finned outer cylinder 210. The lead wire connection portion 400 includes a lead wire conductor 410 extending along the lead wire extension direction. A slot 420 is provided on the lead wire conductor 410. The lead wire conductor 410 is electrically connected to a superconducting magnet, and the slot 420 communicates with a fourth cooling channel 320.

[0098] With this structural design, the lead conductor 410 is electrically connected to the superconducting magnet. The welding fixation method provides a high-strength, low-resistance connection, which can ensure efficient and stable current transmission between the lead conductor 410 and the superconducting magnet, and reduce the heat generated by contact resistance.

[0099] Finally, the specific configuration of the air-cooled flow channel 500 for the kiloampere-level high-current-carrying air-cooled current lead disclosed in this embodiment will be explained:

[0100] See Figure 1 The air-cooled flow channel 500 is located inside the current lead 10. An exhaust pipe 130 is provided at the end of the room temperature current-carrying component 110. The exhaust pipe 130 is connected to the first cooling channel 111 located in the room temperature current-carrying component 110 and the second cooling channel 121 located in the connecting pipe 127 of the sealing connection component 120. A third cooling channel 230 is provided in the fin cooling section 200. A fourth cooling channel 320 is provided in the superconducting cylinder 310 of the high temperature superconducting section 300. A venting slot 312 is provided on the outer wall of the superconducting cylinder 310. The fourth cooling channel 320 can also be connected to the slot 420 of the lead connection section 400. That is to say, the air-cooled flow channel 500 is formed by the first cooling channel 111, the second cooling channel 121, the third cooling channel 230 and the fourth cooling channel 320 connected in sequence. The lead conductor 410 of the lead connection part 400 is partially or completely immersed in the liquid helium chamber, while the helium gas flows sequentially through the fourth cooling channel 320, the third cooling channel 230, the second cooling channel 121 and the first cooling channel 111 through the pressure difference, and is finally discharged through the exhaust pipe 130.

[0101] In summary, this application discloses a high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead with a capacity of kiloamperes, comprising a multi-stage cooling structure including a room-temperature current-carrying section 100, a finned cooling section 200, a high-temperature superconducting section 300, and a lead connection section 400 connected sequentially along the length of the current lead 10. It also includes a gas-cooled flow channel 500 located within the current lead 10 and extending along the lead extension direction, with cooling gas (helium) flowing within the gas-cooled flow channel 500. By combining the gas-cooled flow channel 500 with the multi-stage structure, heat dissipation is achieved through the physical properties of the materials of each component, while the cooling gas within the gas-cooled flow channel 500 cools the current lead 10 and carries away heat through heat exchange, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the current lead 10. Furthermore, the gas-cooled current lead 10 disclosed in this application also has the advantages of low resistance and high mechanical strength.

[0102] It should be noted that, in addition to the specific embodiments described above, those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. Although the description of this utility model is presented in conjunction with preferred embodiments, this does not mean that the features of this utility model are limited to that embodiment. On the contrary, the purpose of describing the utility model in conjunction with the embodiments is to cover other options or modifications that may be derived based on the claims of this utility model. In order to provide a deep understanding of this utility model, many specific details are included in the above description, and this utility model may also be implemented without using these details. In addition, in order to avoid confusion or obscuring the focus of this utility model, some specific details will be omitted in the description. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other.

[0103] It should be noted that in this specification, similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0104] In the description of this embodiment, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that the utility model product is usually placed in during use. They are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the utility model.

[0105] The terms “first”, “second”, etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0106] In the description of this embodiment, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this embodiment based on the specific circumstances.

[0107] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the above description is a further detailed explanation of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and should not be construed as limiting the specific implementation of the present invention to these descriptions. Those skilled in the art can make various changes in form and detail, including some simple deductions or substitutions, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead with a capacity of kiloamperes, characterized in that, It includes a room-temperature current-carrying section, a finned cooling section, a high-temperature superconducting section, and a lead connection section, which are connected sequentially along the length of the current lead; wherein The room-temperature current-carrying section is electrically connected to a room-temperature power supply, and the lead-connection section is electrically connected to a superconducting magnet and immersed in a liquid helium cavity; the current from the room-temperature current-carrying section sequentially passes through the room-temperature current-carrying section, the finned cooling section, and the high-temperature superconducting section before entering the superconducting magnet; and The current lead has a gas-cooled channel extending along its extension direction. One end of the gas-cooled channel extends into the liquid helium cavity, and the other end sequentially passes through the high-temperature superconducting section, the fin cooling section, and the room-temperature current-carrying section, and communicates with the outside. The fin cooling section includes a fin outer cylinder and a fin assembly located within the fin outer cylinder. The fin assembly includes a plurality of fins spaced apart from each other and extending parallel to the lead wire extension direction. The gaps between the plurality of fins and the gaps between the fins and the fin outer cylinder form a cooling channel along the same direction as the lead wire extension direction.

2. The kiloampere-level high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The room temperature current-carrying section includes a room temperature current-carrying component and a sealing connection component connected sequentially in the lead extension direction; wherein, the room temperature current-carrying component is further away from the fin cooling section than the sealing connection component, the room temperature power supply is electrically connected to the room temperature current-carrying component, one end of the sealing connection component is sealed and connected to one end of the room temperature current-carrying component, and the other end is sealed and connected to the corresponding end of the fin cooling section; wherein The room temperature current-carrying component has a first cooling channel forming part of the air-cooled flow channel inside. An exhaust pipe is also provided at the other end of the room temperature current-carrying component away from the sealing connection component, and the exhaust pipe communicates with the first cooling channel. The sealed connection component also has a second cooling channel inside, which constitutes part of the air-cooled flow channel, and the first cooling channel is connected to the second cooling channel.

3. The kiloampere-level high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The sealing connection component includes a connecting pipe and a room temperature sealing assembly located outside the connecting pipe. The connecting pipe extends along the extension direction of the lead wire and its two ends are respectively sealed to the room temperature current-carrying component and the outer cylinder of the fin. The second cooling channel is formed inside the connecting pipe. The room temperature sealing assembly includes a sealing member sleeved on the outer wall of the connecting pipe and two sets of clamping members abutting against both sides of the sealing member along the axial direction of the connecting pipe.

4. The kiloampere-level high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The sealing component includes an elastic sealing ring, a pair of insulating sleeves, and a connecting flange. The inner ring of the elastic sealing ring seals against the outer wall of the connecting pipe. The pair of insulating sleeves clamp and abut against the axial ends of the elastic sealing ring. The connecting flange abuts against the outer periphery of the elastic sealing ring and the outer periphery of the pair of insulating sleeves near the elastic sealing ring. in Each of the clamping components includes a clamping nut and a clamping washer. Each clamping washer abuts against the insulating sleeve on the corresponding side. Each clamping nut is threadedly connected to the corresponding outer wall of the connecting pipe and abuts against the corresponding clamping washer.

5. A high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead with a capacity of kiloamperes as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, in The outer cylinder of the fin is configured as a cylinder extending along the extension direction of the lead wire. The gaps between the multiple fins and the gap between the fins and the outer cylinder of the fin constitute the third cooling channel of the air cooling channel in the fin cooling part. The high-temperature superconducting section includes a cylindrical superconducting cylinder extending along the lead wire extension direction. The superconducting cylinder has a fourth cooling channel inside, forming part of the gas-cooled flow channel. A hollow cooling joint is also provided at the end of the finned outer cylinder that connects to the high-temperature superconducting section. One end of the cooling connector is sealed and welded to the outer cylinder of the fin, and the other end is sealed and welded to the superconducting cylinder. The third cooling channel and the fourth cooling channel are connected through the cooling connector.

6. The kiloampere-level high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The outer wall of the superconducting cylinder is provided with multiple high-temperature superconducting strips spaced apart along the circumference, and each of the high-temperature superconducting strips extends along the axial direction of the superconducting cylinder.

7. A high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead with a capacity of kiloamperes as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The outer wall of the superconducting cylinder is provided with multiple mounting grooves at intervals along the circumference, and each of the high-temperature superconducting strips is welded and fixed in the corresponding mounting groove.

8. A high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead with a capacity of kiloamperes as described in claim 7, characterized in that, At least two of the mounting slots are not welded with the high-temperature superconducting strip, and the bottom wall of each mounting slot without the high-temperature superconducting strip is provided with a plurality of venting slots at intervals, each of the venting slots penetrating the side wall of the superconducting cylinder.

9. A high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead with a capacity of kiloamperes as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The lead wire connection is welded and fixed to the end of the superconducting cylinder away from the outer cylinder of the fins; wherein The lead wire connection includes a lead wire conductor extending along the lead wire extension direction. The lead wire conductor has a slot. The lead wire conductor is electrically connected to the superconducting magnet, and the slot is connected to the fourth cooling channel.

10. A high-current-carrying gas-cooled current lead with a capacity of kiloamperes as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The room temperature current-carrying section, the fin cooling section, the high temperature superconducting section, and the lead connection section are all conductive.

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