High-voltage power distribution device and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to a high-voltage power distribution device and a vehicle, which are used for solving the technical problems of large size, large weight and high cost of the high-voltage power distribution device. The high-voltage power distribution device comprises a high-voltage power distribution module (100) which is in communication connection with a battery management system of a vehicle, the high-voltage power distribution module (100) comprises a positive power switch (2) and a negative power switch (3), the positive power switch (2) comprises a positive input end (21) electrically connected with the positive electrode of a power battery and a positive output end (22) electrically connected with the positive electrode of a driving load, and the negative power switch (3) comprises a negative input end (21) electrically connected with the positive electrode of the power battery and a positive output end (22) electrically connected with the negative electrode of the driving load. Comprising a cathode input end (31) electrically connected with the cathode of the power battery and a cathode output end (22) electrically connected with the cathode of the driving load, one of the anode power switch (2) and the cathode power switch (3) is an electronic relay, and the other one of the anode power switch (2) and the cathode power switch (3) is an electronic relay or an electromagnetic relay.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of battery technology, and more particularly to a high-voltage power distribution device and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the market demand for vehicle performance and safety has increased significantly. This is usually achieved by increasing the voltage of the power battery to improve charging and discharging power. At the same time, the short-circuit current of the power battery also increases, further enhancing the challenge to battery safety.

[0003] In related technologies, the main approach is to improve the specifications of relays and fuses to achieve greater current carrying capacity and greater short-circuit current protection capability. However, large-specification relays and fuses are bulky, heavy, and expensive. Utility Model Content

[0004] To overcome the problems existing in related technologies, this disclosure provides a high-voltage power distribution device and a vehicle.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a high-voltage power distribution device is provided, comprising: a high-voltage power distribution module communicatively connected to a vehicle's battery management system, the high-voltage power distribution module comprising: a positive power switch including a positive input terminal and a positive output terminal, the positive input terminal being electrically connected to the positive terminal of a power battery, the positive output terminal being electrically connected to the positive terminal of a drive load; and a negative power switch including a negative input terminal and a negative output terminal, the negative input terminal being electrically connected to the negative terminal of the power battery, the negative output terminal being electrically connected to the negative terminal of the drive load, wherein one of the positive power switch and the negative power switch is an electronic relay, and the other of the positive power switch and the negative power switch is an electronic relay or an electromagnetic relay.

[0006] In some possible implementations, the positive power switch is an electronic relay, and the negative power switch is an electromagnetic relay.

[0007] In some possible implementations, both the positive power switch and the negative power switch are electronic relays.

[0008] In some possible implementations, the positive input terminal includes a first positive port and a second positive port. The first positive port is used to be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the first power battery in a switchable manner, and the second positive port is used to be electrically connected to the positive terminal of the second power battery in a switchable manner. The negative input terminal includes a first negative port and a second negative port. The first negative port is used to be electrically connected to the negative terminal of the first power battery in a switchable manner, and the second negative port is used to be electrically connected to the negative terminal of the second power battery in a switchable manner.

[0009] In some possible implementations, the electronic relay includes: a control board including a connector, the control board being communicatively connected to the vehicle's battery management unit via the connector; a power board including connection pins, the power board being communicatively connected to the control board via the connection pins; the power board also having an input terminal for electrical connection to a power battery and an output terminal for electrical connection to a drive load; and power devices soldered to the power board.

[0010] In some possible implementations, the high-voltage power distribution device further includes a cooling module for cooling the high-voltage power distribution module, the cooling module being fitted onto the outer surface of the high-voltage power distribution module.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the cooling module includes a water-cooled plate that is fitted onto the lower surface of the high-voltage power distribution module. The water-cooled plate has cooling channels inside it and is provided with an inlet connector and an outlet connector that are in fluid communication with the cooling channels.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the cooling module further includes a graphene thermal pad sandwiched between the water-cooled plate and the high-voltage power distribution module.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the high-voltage power distribution module further includes a housing, in which the positive power switch and the negative power switch are housed, and the positive input terminal, the positive output terminal, the negative input terminal, and the negative output terminal extend from the housing.

[0014] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a vehicle is provided, including the high-voltage power distribution device described above.

[0015] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure can include the following beneficial effects: In the high-voltage power distribution device provided by this disclosure, the high-voltage power distribution module includes a positive power switch and a negative power switch. The positive power switch can realize the current carrying and disconnection of the high-voltage positive circuit, and the negative power switch can realize the current carrying and disconnection of the high-voltage negative circuit. By setting the two power switches as electronic relay + electronic relay, or as electronic relay + electromagnetic relay, the size and weight of the high-voltage power distribution device can be reduced, and the cost of the high-voltage power distribution device can also be reduced. In addition, when a short-circuit fault occurs, since the high-voltage circuit cable has inductance, it takes a certain amount of time for the short-circuit current to rise to its maximum value. During the current rise process, the vehicle's battery management system can continuously and quickly collect the current signal of the high-voltage circuit. By setting a small short-circuit current threshold, when the short-circuit current reaches the set short-circuit current threshold, the vehicle's battery management system can identify the short-circuit fault and send a signal to the high-voltage power distribution module to control the positive power switch and the negative power switch to disconnect. Since at least one of the positive and negative power switches is an electronic relay, and electronic relays can achieve millisecond-level rapid disconnection, at least one of the high-voltage positive and negative circuits can be quickly disconnected, thereby achieving rapid disconnection of the entire high-voltage circuit and meeting the requirements of a high safety level. The vehicle provided in this disclosure has the same technical effect as the high-voltage power distribution device in the above-described technical solution, and will not be elaborated upon here to avoid unnecessary repetition.

[0016] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-voltage power distribution device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a high-voltage power distribution device.

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The exploded view shows the first direction indicated by the red arrow, which is the assembly direction of the decorative cover and the base.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-voltage power distribution device according to another exemplary embodiment.

[0022] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Exploded view.

[0023] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a high-voltage power distribution device.

[0024] Figure 7 yes Figure 4 Exploded view of the electronic relay in the image.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0026] 100-High Voltage Power Distribution Module

[0027] 1-Outer shell, 11-Lower shell, 12-Upper cover

[0028] 2-Positive power switch, 21-Positive input terminal, 211-First positive port, 212-Second positive port, 22-Positive output terminal.

[0029] 3-Negative power switch, 31-Negative input terminal, 311-First negative port, 312-Second negative port, 32-Negative output terminal.

[0030] 41-Control board, 411-Connector, 42-Power board, 421-Connection pin, 422-Input terminal, 423-Output terminal, 43-Power device.

[0031] 200-Cooling Module

[0032] 201 - Water-cooled plate, 2011 - Inlet connector, 2012 - Outlet connector

[0033] 202-Graphene Thermal Pad Detailed Implementation

[0034] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0035] In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" generally refer to the upper and lower positions where the high-voltage power distribution module is mounted on the vehicle and in normal operating condition. Figure 1 as well as Figures 3 to 7The drawing orientation, "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer sides relative to the contour of the corresponding component itself. The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this disclosure are for distinguishing one element from another and do not have sequential or importance.

[0036] According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present disclosure, a high-voltage power distribution device is provided, with reference to... Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the high-voltage power distribution device may include a high-voltage power distribution module 100, which can communicate with the vehicle's battery management system (BMS).

[0037] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 as well as Figure 6 As shown, the high-voltage power distribution module 100 may include a positive power switch 2 and a negative power switch 3. The positive power switch 2 may include a positive input terminal 21 and a positive output terminal 22. The positive input terminal 21 can be electrically connected to the positive terminal (not shown) of the power battery, and the positive output terminal 22 can be electrically connected to the positive terminal (not shown) of the driving load, thereby realizing the current carrying and switching of the high-voltage positive circuit. The negative power switch 3 may include a negative input terminal 31 and a negative output terminal 22. The negative input terminal 31 can be electrically connected to the negative terminal (not shown) of the power battery, and the negative output terminal 22 can be electrically connected to the negative terminal (not shown) of the driving load, thereby realizing the current carrying and switching of the high-voltage negative circuit. One of the positive power switch 2 and the negative power switch 3 may be an electronic relay, and the other of the positive power switch 2 and the negative power switch 3 may be an electronic relay or an electromagnetic relay. In other words, both the positive power switch 2 and the negative power switch 3 can be electronic relays, or one of them can be an electronic relay and the other an electromagnetic relay. The electronic relay can achieve millisecond-level rapid disconnection, while the electromagnetic relay can achieve G-ohm-level insulation isolation; that is, the electromagnetic relay can achieve reliable high-resistance physical isolation.

[0038] Through the above technical solution, in the high-voltage power distribution device provided in this disclosure, the high-voltage power distribution module 100 includes a positive power switch 2 and a negative power switch 3. The positive power switch 2 can realize the current carrying and disconnection of the high-voltage positive circuit, and the negative power switch 3 can realize the current carrying and disconnection of the high-voltage negative circuit. By setting the two power switches as electronic relay + electronic relay, or as electronic relay + electromagnetic relay, the size and weight of the high-voltage power distribution device can be reduced, and the cost of the high-voltage power distribution device can also be reduced. In addition, when a short-circuit fault occurs, since the high-voltage circuit cable has inductance, it takes a certain amount of time for the short-circuit current to rise to its maximum value. During the current rise process, the vehicle's battery management system can continuously and quickly collect the current signal of the high-voltage circuit. By setting a small short-circuit current threshold, when the short-circuit current reaches the set short-circuit current threshold, the vehicle's battery management system can identify the short-circuit fault and send a signal to the high-voltage power distribution module 100 to control the positive power switch 2 and the negative power switch 3 to disconnect. Since at least one of the positive power switch 2 and the negative power switch 3 is an electronic relay, and the electronic relay can achieve millisecond-level rapid disconnection, at least one of the high-voltage positive circuit and the high-voltage negative circuit can be quickly disconnected, thereby achieving rapid disconnection of the entire high-voltage circuit and meeting the requirements of a high safety level.

[0039] In one exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, reference is made to Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the positive power switch 2 can be an electronic relay, and the negative power switch 3 can be an electromagnetic relay.

[0040] When the short-circuit current reaches the set short-circuit current threshold, the BMS can identify the short-circuit fault and send a signal to the high-voltage distribution module 100 to control the electronic relay in the high-voltage positive circuit and the electromagnetic relay in the high-voltage negative circuit to disconnect. Since the operating time of the electronic relay is in the millisecond range, while the operating time of the electromagnetic relay is about 10ms, its operating speed is much slower than that of the electronic relay. Therefore, the high-voltage positive circuit is first quickly disconnected by the electronic relay to achieve rapid disconnection of the high-voltage circuit. Then, the high-voltage negative circuit is disconnected by the electromagnetic relay, thereby achieving reliable high-resistance physical isolation.

[0041] In the above embodiments, the combination of electronic relays and electromagnetic relays can achieve rapid disconnection of the high-voltage circuit, and the reliability of high-voltage circuit disconnection can be improved by the physical isolation of the electromagnetic relays.

[0042] In another exemplary embodiment of this disclosure, reference is made to Figures 4 to 6As shown, both the positive power switch 2 and the negative power switch 3 can be electronic relays. Compared to the previous exemplary embodiment, this embodiment not only enables rapid disconnection of the high-voltage circuit, but also, because both the positive power switch 2 and the negative power switch 3 are electronic relays, the entire high-voltage power distribution device is smaller, lighter, and less expensive.

[0043] Furthermore, this embodiment also enables rapid switching between different voltage platforms. In some possible implementations, refer to... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the positive power switch 2 and the negative power switch 3 can be electronic relays with the same structure. The positive input terminal 21 can include a first positive port 211 and a second positive port 212. The first positive port 211 is used for a switchable electrical connection to the positive terminal (not shown) of the first power battery, and the second positive port 212 is used for a switchable electrical connection to the positive terminal (not shown) of the second power battery. The negative input terminal 31 can include a first negative port 311 and a second negative port 312. The first negative port 311 is used for a switchable electrical connection to the negative terminal (not shown) of the first power battery, and the second negative port 312 is used for a switchable electrical connection to the negative terminal (not shown) of the second power battery.

[0044] The following example, which uses a 400V sub-battery as an example, illustrates how to achieve the switching between 400V and 800V voltage platforms through this embodiment.

[0045] When switching to an 800V voltage platform is required, the first and second power batteries are connected in series. Specifically, the negative terminal of the first power battery is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the second power battery, the first positive port 211 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the first power battery, the second positive port 212 is disconnected, the first negative port 311 is disconnected, and the second negative port 312 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the second power battery, thus switching to the 800V voltage platform mode. When switching to a 400V voltage platform is required, the first positive port 211 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the first power battery, the second positive port 212 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the second power battery, the first negative port 311 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the first power battery, and the second negative port 312 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the second power battery, thus switching to the 400V voltage platform mode. In this way, the high-voltage power distribution module 100 provided in this embodiment enables free and rapid switching between 400V and 800V voltage platforms.

[0046] In some possible implementations, refer to Figure 7 As shown, the electronic relay may include a control board 41, a power board 42, and a power device 43.

[0047] The control board 41 may include a connector 411, which can communicate with the vehicle's battery management unit (BMU).

[0048] The power board 42 may include connection pins 421, through which it can communicate with the control board 41. The power board 42 may also have an input terminal 422 for electrical connection to the power battery and an output terminal 423 for electrical connection to the drive load. When the electronic relay is used as the positive power switch 2, the input terminal 422 can be used as the aforementioned positive input terminal 21, and the output terminal 423 can be used as the aforementioned positive output terminal 22. When the electronic relay is used as the negative power switch 3, the input terminal 422 can be used as the aforementioned negative input terminal 31, and the output terminal 423 can be used as the aforementioned negative output terminal 32. Furthermore, depending on different requirements, the number of input terminals 422 may be one or more.

[0049] The power device 43 can be soldered onto the power board 42. Depending on the project's structural requirements, the power device 43 can be selected from different solutions, such as SiC or IGBT solutions. The number of power devices 43 can vary depending on the current carrying capacity requirements. For example, high current carrying capacity requirements can be met by setting up a larger number of power devices 43.

[0050] The BMU can send commands to the control board 41. Through the communication connection between the control board 41 and the power board 42, the power module can be controlled to achieve current distribution in different circuits.

[0051] Due to the increased current-carrying capacity of the high-voltage circuit, both the positive power switch 2 and the negative power switch 3 generate significant heat. To improve the heat dissipation efficiency of the high-voltage power distribution module 100, in some possible implementations, refer to... Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the high-voltage power distribution device may also include a cooling module 200 for cooling the high-voltage power distribution module 100. The cooling module 200 may be attached to the outer surface of the high-voltage power distribution module 100 to accelerate the heat dissipation of the high-voltage power distribution module 100.

[0052] In some possible implementations, refer to Figure 1 as well as Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the cooling module 200 may include a water-cooled plate 201 that is attached to the lower surface of the high-voltage power distribution module 100. The water-cooled plate 201 may have a cooling channel (not shown). The water-cooled plate 201 may have an inlet connector 2011 and an outlet connector 2012 that are in fluid communication with the cooling channel for the inflow and outflow of coolant.

[0053] To further improve the heat transfer efficiency between the high-voltage power distribution module 100 and the water-cooled plate 201, in some possible implementations, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the cooling module 200 may further include a graphene thermal pad 202, which can be sandwiched between the water-cooled plate 201 and the high-voltage power distribution module 100. The graphene thermal pad 202 has a thermal conductivity 10 times that of traditional thermal pads, which can greatly improve the heat transfer efficiency between the high-voltage power distribution module 100 and the water-cooled plate 201.

[0054] In some possible implementations, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the high-voltage power distribution module 100 may also include a housing 1, and the positive power switch 2 and the negative power switch 3 can be housed inside the housing 1. The housing 1 can protect the positive power switch 2 and the negative power switch 3. The positive input terminal 21, the positive output terminal 22, the negative input terminal 31 and the negative output terminal 22 can extend from the housing 1 to facilitate electrical connection with the power battery and the drive load.

[0055] In some possible implementations, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the outer casing 1 may include a lower casing 11 and an upper cover 12, which can be fastened together. The positive power switch 2 and the negative power switch 3 can be accommodated in the lower casing 11. The positive output terminal 22, the negative input terminal 31 and the negative output terminal 22 can extend out from the lower casing 11. The cooling module 200 can be attached to the lower part of the lower casing 11.

[0056] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a vehicle is provided, including the high-voltage power distribution device described above.

[0057] Through the above technical solution, the vehicle provided in this disclosure has the same effect as the high-voltage power distribution device in the above technical solution. To avoid unnecessary repetition, it will not be described in detail here.

[0058] Furthermore, the term “exemplary” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as advantageous compared to other aspects or designs. Rather, the use of the term “exemplary” is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. As used herein, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or.” That is, unless otherwise specified or clear from the context, “X applies A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive arrangements. That is, “X applies A or B” satisfies any of the foregoing instances if X applies A; X applies B; or both X applies A and B. Additionally, unless otherwise specified or clear from the context to refer to the singular form, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims are generally understood to mean “one or more.”

[0059] Similarly, although this disclosure has been shown and described with respect to one or more implementations, equivalent variations and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding this specification and the accompanying drawings. This disclosure includes all such modifications and variations and is limited only by the scope of the claims. In particular, with respect to the various functions performed by the components described above (e.g., elements, resources, etc.), unless otherwise indicated, the terminology used to describe such components is intended to correspond to any component (functionally equivalent) that performs the specific function of the described component, even if structurally not equivalent to the disclosed structure. Furthermore, although specific features of this disclosure may have been disclosed with respect to only one of several implementations, such features may be combined with one or more other features of other implementations, as may be desired and advantageous to any given or particular application. Moreover, with regard to the terms “comprising,” “owning,” “having,” “having,” or variations thereof as used in the detailed description or claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “including.”

[0060] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

[0061] It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

[0062] In the above detailed description, reference has been made to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate specific aspects of this disclosure by way of illustration. In this regard, terms indicating direction or positional relationship, such as “center,” “longitudinal,” “lateral,” “length,” “width,” “thickness,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” “outer,” “clockwise,” “counterclockwise,” “axial,” “radial,” and “circumferential,” are used with reference to the orientation of the described figures. Since components of the described device can be positioned in multiple different orientations, directional terms are used for illustrative purposes and not for limitation. It should be understood that other aspects can be utilized and structural or logical changes can be made without departing from the concept of this disclosure. Therefore, the following detailed description should not be considered limiting.

[0063] It should be understood that, unless otherwise specifically indicated, features of various embodiments of this disclosure described herein can be combined with each other. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any one of the relevant listed items and any combination of any two or more; similarly, “at least one of…” includes any one of the relevant listed items and any combination of any two or more.

[0064] It should be understood that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "joining," "attaching," "installing," "connecting," "linking," "fixing," etc., used in the embodiments of this disclosure should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms herein based on the specific circumstances.

[0065] Furthermore, the term "above" as used herein with respect to components, elements, or material layers formed or located "above" a surface may be used to indicate that the component, element, or material layer is "indirectly" positioned (e.g., placed, formed, deposited, etc.) on the surface such that one or more additional components, elements, or layers are arranged between the surface and the component, element, or material layer. However, the term "above" as used with respect to components, elements, or material layers formed or located "above" a surface may also optionally have a specific meaning: that the component, element, or material layer is "directly" positioned (e.g., placed, formed, deposited, etc.) on the surface, for example, in direct contact with the surface.

[0066] Although terms such as “first,” “second,” and “third” may be used herein to describe various components, parts, regions, layers, or sections, these components, parts, regions, layers, or sections are not limited to these terms. Rather, these terms are used only to distinguish one component, part, region, layer, or section from another. Therefore, without departing from the teachings of the examples described herein, the first component, part, region, layer, or section mentioned in the examples may also be referred to as the second component, part, region, layer, or section. Furthermore, the terms “first” and “second” are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” or “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description herein, “a plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0067] It should be understood that spatial relative terms, such as “above,” “upper,” “below,” and “lower,” are used herein to describe the relationship between one element and another shown in the figures. In addition to the orientation depicted in the figures, these spatial relative terms are also intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figures is flipped, an element described as “above” or “upper” relative to another element would be “below” or “lower” relative to that other element. Thus, depending on the spatial orientation of the device, the term “above” encompasses both above and below orientations. Devices may have other orientations (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative terms used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

Claims

1. A high-voltage power distribution device, characterized in that, include: A high-voltage power distribution module, communicatively connected to the vehicle's battery management system, comprising: A positive power switch includes a positive input terminal and a positive output terminal. The positive input terminal is electrically connected to the positive terminal of a power battery, and the positive output terminal is electrically connected to the positive terminal of a driving load. A negative power switch includes a negative input terminal and a negative output terminal. The negative input terminal is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the power battery, and the negative output terminal is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the driving load. Wherein, one of the positive power switch and the negative power switch is an electronic relay, and the other of the positive power switch and the negative power switch is an electronic relay or an electromagnetic relay.

2. The high-voltage power distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positive power switch is an electronic relay, and the negative power switch is an electromagnetic relay.

3. The high-voltage power distribution device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the positive power switch and the negative power switch are electronic relays.

4. The high-voltage power distribution device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The positive input terminal includes a first positive port and a second positive port. The first positive port is used for a switchable connection to the positive terminal of the first power battery, and the second positive port is used for a switchable connection to the positive terminal of the second power battery. The negative input terminal includes a first negative port and a second negative port. The first negative port is used to connect to the negative terminal of the first power battery in a switchable manner, and the second negative port is used to connect to the negative terminal of the second power battery in a switchable manner.

5. The high-voltage power distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electronic relay includes: A control board, including a connector, is communicatively connected to the vehicle's battery management unit via the connector. A power board, including connection pins, is communicatively connected to the control board via these pins. The power board also includes an input terminal for electrical connection to a power battery and an output terminal for electrical connection to a drive load. Power devices are soldered onto the power board.

6. The high-voltage power distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage power distribution device also includes a cooling module for cooling the high-voltage power distribution module, the cooling module being attached to the outer surface of the high-voltage power distribution module.

7. The high-voltage power distribution device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cooling module includes a water-cooled plate that is attached to the lower surface of the high-voltage power distribution module. The water-cooled plate has a cooling channel inside it and an inlet connector and an outlet connector that are in fluid communication with the cooling channel.

8. The high-voltage power distribution device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cooling module also includes a graphene thermal pad, which is sandwiched between the water-cooled plate and the high-voltage power distribution module.

9. The high-voltage power distribution device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage power distribution module also includes a housing. The positive power switch and the negative power switch are housed inside the housing, and the positive input terminal, the positive output terminal, the negative input terminal, and the negative output terminal extend out from the housing.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The high-voltage power distribution device includes any one of claims 1 to 9.

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