Magnetic density separation equipment for electronic waste particle classification

Abstract

The utility model discloses magnetic density separation equipment for classifying electronic waste particles, which relates to the technical field of electronic waste treatment and comprises a bottom plate, and four supporting legs and two supporting plates are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the bottom plate. Superconducting magnets fixed to the supporting legs at the corresponding positions and a plurality of rotating rods rotationally connected with the supporting plates at the corresponding positions are arranged above the bottom plate. According to the device, various metals mixed in electronic wastes can be effectively separated at the same time through the paramagnetism of the magnetic fluid and the density difference of different metals, compared with other traditional schemes, the process steps are greatly shortened, and compared with a traditional method depending on chemical reagents or high-temperature smelting, physical separation does not need to use strong acid, cyanide or high temperature, and the cost is reduced. Separation is achieved only through physical fields such as a magnetic field and water flow, so that emission of toxic waste water and waste gas is remarkably reduced, the environmental protection treatment cost of enterprises is reduced, and meanwhile workers are prevented from making direct contact with heavy metal and harmful chemical substances.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of electronic waste treatment technology, specifically a magnetic density separation device for classifying electronic waste particles. Background Technology

[0002] Electronic products make up a significant proportion of consumer goods; however, these products have a limited lifespan and will eventually be discarded. If not handled properly, electronic waste will pollute the environment. To address these environmental challenges, effective recycling methods are urgently needed.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for handling electronic waste include: landfilling or incineration, while simple to operate, releases toxic substances such as heavy metals and dioxins, causing soil, water, and air pollution; manual dismantling and sorting recycling are common in informal channels, but workers are in direct contact with harmful substances and recycling efficiency is low; hydrometallurgy leaches metals using acid, alkali, or cyanide solutions, but produces wastewater containing heavy metals, resulting in high treatment costs and low recovery rates for some metals; pyrometallurgy relies on high-temperature smelting to extract metals, but consumes extremely high amounts of energy and releases harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, and precious metals are easily lost due to volatilization at high temperatures; biometallurgy uses microorganisms to dissolve metals, but the reaction rate is slow and it is only applicable to specific metals, limiting its industrial application; pyrolysis and gasification decompose organic matter under anaerobic conditions, but may produce toxic gases containing chlorine, and the equipment cost and technical threshold are also high. Therefore, we provide a magnetic density separation device for electronic waste particle sorting to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a magnetic density separation device for sorting electronic waste particles.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a magnetic density separation device for sorting electronic waste particles, comprising a base plate, four legs and two support plates fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base plate, a superconducting magnet fixed to the legs at corresponding positions and several rotating rods rotatably connected to the support plates at corresponding positions arranged above the base plate, a separation frame fixedly connected to the upper surface of the superconducting magnet, a separation plate for sorting electronic waste particles and several grid plates fixedly connected to the inner wall of the separation frame, a conveyor roller fixedly connected to the outer surface of each rotating rod, a conveyor belt for conveying sorted electronic waste particles arranged between the two support plates, and the conveyor roller and the conveyor belt being connected in a driving connection, and a collection frame for storing sorted electronic waste particles placed above the base plate.

[0006] Furthermore, the inner walls of both support plates are inlaid with several bearings, and the inner ring of the bearing is fixed to the outer surface of the rotating rod. By setting the bearings, the rotating rod can be made more stable when rotating and the resistance of the rotating rod when rotating can be reduced, thereby avoiding the sticking and swinging of the rotating rod during use.

[0007] Furthermore, a servo motor is mounted on the front of the two support plates. The output shaft of the servo motor is fixedly connected to a first bevel gear, and a second bevel gear that meshes with the first bevel gear is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the leftmost rotating rod. When the servo motor is powered on and started, it can drive the first bevel gear to rotate. Through the meshing action between the first and second bevel gears, the second bevel gear can be driven to rotate, thereby driving the rotating rod to rotate. In turn, the conveyor belt is driven to rotate through the conveyor roller to transport the sorted electronic waste particles.

[0008] Furthermore, each of the collection boxes is fixedly connected to a handle on one side and the other side, and each handle is covered with a protective sleeve on its outer surface. By providing handles, the collection box can be easily moved and transported, and the protective sleeves made of rubber material can improve the comfort when moving the collection box.

[0009] Furthermore, one side of the collection frame is connected to several drain pipes, and the outer surface of the drain pipes is equipped with control valves. The number of drain pipes is consistent with the number of electronic waste particle sorting collection slots opened on the collection frame. After opening the control valves on the drain pipes, the electronic waste particles in the corresponding sorting collection slots can be discharged from the collection frame.

[0010] Furthermore, the diameter of the electronic waste particle sorting and conveying trough on the conveyor belt is smaller than the diameter of the electronic waste particle sorting and collecting trough on the collecting frame, and the distance between the electronic waste particle sorting guide trough formed between the separation frames of adjacent grid plates and the two outermost grid plates is smaller than the diameter of the electronic waste particle sorting and conveying trough on the conveyor belt. Through the electronic waste particle sorting guide trough, electronic waste particle sorting and conveying trough and electronic waste particle sorting and collecting trough with gradually decreasing diameters, the sorted electronic waste particles can accurately enter the corresponding slots, thereby avoiding the re-mixing of electronic waste particles after sorting.

[0011] Compared with existing technologies, this magnetic density separation device for electronic waste particle sorting has the following advantages:

[0012] 1. This utility model can effectively separate multiple metals mixed in electronic waste simultaneously by utilizing the paramagnetism of magnetofluids and the density differences of different metals. Compared with other traditional solutions, it greatly shortens the process steps. Moreover, compared with traditional methods that rely on chemical reagents or high-temperature smelting, physical sorting does not require the use of strong acids, cyanides, or high temperatures. Separation is achieved solely through physical fields such as magnetic fields and water flow, thereby significantly reducing the emission of toxic wastewater and exhaust gas, lowering the environmental protection costs for enterprises, and avoiding direct contact between workers and heavy metals and harmful chemicals.

[0013] 2. By incorporating bearings, this utility model enables the rotating rod to rotate more stably and reduces resistance during rotation, thereby preventing jamming and swaying during use. The servo motor, first bevel gear, and second bevel gear enable the electric drive to rotate the conveyor belt. The handle and protective sleeve facilitate the handling and movement of the collection frame, improving comfort during transport. The drain pipe allows for easy discharge of collected electronic waste particles from the corresponding electronic waste particle sorting collection slots on the collection frame. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a front view of the three-dimensional structure of this utility model;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a right-side view of the three-dimensional structure of this utility model;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a left-side view of the three-dimensional structure of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a left sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the separation plate and the grid plate structure of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0020] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Base plate; 2. Support leg; 3. Support plate; 4. Superconducting magnet; 5. Separation frame; 6. Separation plate; 7. Grating plate; 8. Rotating rod; 9. Conveyor roller; 10. Conveyor belt; 11. Collection frame; 12. Servo motor; 13. First bevel gear; 14. Second bevel gear; 15. Bearing; 16. Handle; 17. Protective sleeve; 18. Drain pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The principles and features of this utility model are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model.

[0023] See Figures 1 to 7 This embodiment proposes a magnetic density separation device for electronic waste particle sorting, including a base plate 1, four legs 2 and two support plates 3 fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base plate 1, and a superconducting magnet 4 fixed to the corresponding legs 2 and a number of rotating rods 8 rotatably connected to the corresponding support plates 3 above the base plate 1.

[0024] The inner walls of the two support plates 3 are each inlaid with several bearings 15, and the inner ring of the bearing 15 is fixed to the outer surface of the rotating rod 8. By setting the bearings 15, the rotating rod 8 can be made more stable when rotating and the resistance of the rotating rod 8 when rotating can be reduced, thereby avoiding the jamming and swinging of the rotating rod 8 during use.

[0025] A separation frame 5 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the superconducting magnet 4. A separation plate 6 for sorting electronic waste particles and several grid plates 7 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the separation frame 5.

[0026] In this invention, electronic waste is ground into micron-sized particles, and then a magnetic fluid containing nano-sized iron oxide particles is stirred and mixed with the micron-sized electronic waste particles to form a mixture of magnetic fluid and micron-sized electronic waste particles.

[0027] Then, the superconducting magnet 4 is powered on and started, which can generate a gradient magnetic field, which makes the iron oxide particles arranged in a gradient in the magnetofluid, that is, a denser arrangement at the bottom and a sparser arrangement at the top, thus causing the density of the magnetofluid to gradually decrease from bottom to top.

[0028] Then, the mixture of magnetic fluid and micron-sized electronic waste particles in the separation frame 5 is slowly poured into the feed trough on the separation frame 5. The micron-sized electronic waste particles are affected by gravity, which depends on their density, and buoyancy, which depends on their volume and the density of the magnetic fluid. They will reach a balance between gravity and buoyancy at different heights of the magnetic fluid cross-section and slowly flow towards the position of the separation plate 6.

[0029] The separation plate 6 has several reserved slots for the flow of electronic waste particles in a layered state. The width and distance of the reserved slots can be adjusted according to the lifting height of different electronic waste particles by the magnetic field, and the position of the grid plate 7 can be adjusted accordingly. At the same time, guide grooves for electronic waste particle sorting can be formed between adjacent grid plates 7 and between the separation frame 5 and the two outermost grid plates 7, so that the layered electronic waste particles can be guided to the subsequent conveying equipment.

[0030] Each rotating rod 8 has a conveyor roller 9 fixedly connected to its outer surface. A conveyor belt 10 for conveying sorted electronic waste particles is set between the two support plates 3. The conveyor roller 9 is connected to the conveyor belt 10 in a driving connection. A collection box 11 for storing sorted electronic waste particles is placed on top of the base plate 1.

[0031] After the rotating rod 8 rotates, it can drive the conveyor belt 10 to rotate through the conveyor roller 9. The conveyor belt 10 is provided with a conveying trough for sorted electronic waste particles, and the collection frame 11 is located directly below the conveyor belt 10. At the same time, the number of electronic waste particle sorting guide grooves formed between adjacent grid plates 7 and between the separation frame 5 and the two outermost grid plates 7 is the same as the number of electronic waste particle sorting collection grooves opened on the collection frame 11, so that the sorted electronic waste particles can be collected and stored.

[0032] As a supplement, the number of guide grooves for electronic waste particle sorting formed between adjacent grid plates 7 and between the separation frame 5 and the two outermost grid plates 7 is the same as the number of conveying grooves for electronic waste particle sorting opened on the conveyor belt 10. In this utility model, the magnetofluid will immerse all grid plates 7, and the guide groove located at the top layer can be used for guiding and conveying lightweight plastics in electronic waste particles.

[0033] Meanwhile, the number of electronic waste particle flow channels formed on the separation plate 6, the number of electronic waste particle sorting guide channels (guide channels) formed between adjacent grid plates 7 and between the separation frame 5 and the two outermost grid plates 7, the number of electronic waste particle sorting conveying channels on the conveyor belt 10, and the number of electronic waste particle sorting collection channels on the collection frame 11 can be increased or decreased according to the types of metals in the electronic waste particles to be separated, and the positions of the above structures can be adjusted according to the positions of different metals in the gradient magnetic field generated in the superconducting magnet 4.

[0034] A handle 16 is fixedly connected to one side and the other side of the collection box 11. Each handle 16 is covered with a protective sleeve 17 on its outer surface. By setting the handle 16, the collection box 11 can be easily moved and transported. The protective sleeve 17, made of rubber, can improve the comfort when moving the collection box 11.

[0035] A number of drain pipes 18 are connected to one side of the collection box 11, and control valves are installed on the outer surface of the drain pipes 18. The number of drain pipes 18 is the same as the number of electronic waste particle sorting collection slots opened on the collection box 11. After opening the control valve on the drain pipe 18, the electronic waste particles in the corresponding sorting collection slots can be discharged from the collection box 11.

[0036] A servo motor 12 is mounted on the front of the two support plates 3. The output shaft of the servo motor 12 is fixedly connected to a first bevel gear 13, and a second bevel gear 14 that meshes with the first bevel gear 13 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the leftmost rotating rod 8.

[0037] When the servo motor 12 is powered on and started, it can drive the first bevel gear 13 to rotate. Through the meshing between the first bevel gear 13 and the second bevel gear 14, the second bevel gear 14 can be driven to rotate, thereby driving the rotating rod 8 to rotate. In turn, the conveyor roller 9 drives the conveyor belt 10 to rotate, so as to transport the sorted electronic waste particles.

[0038] The diameter of the electronic waste particle sorting conveyor trough on the conveyor belt 10 is smaller than the diameter of the electronic waste particle sorting collection trough on the collection frame 11, and the distance between the electronic waste particle sorting guide troughs formed between the separation frame 5 and the two outermost grids 7 between adjacent grid plates 7 is smaller than the diameter of the electronic waste particle sorting conveyor trough on the conveyor belt 10.

[0039] By using electronic waste particle sorting guide troughs, electronic waste particle sorting conveying troughs, and electronic waste particle sorting collection troughs with gradually decreasing diameter values, the sorted electronic waste particles can be accurately placed into the corresponding troughs, thereby avoiding the re-mixing of electronic waste particles after sorting.

[0040] The components in the accompanying drawings of this utility model are for styling reference only and are not specific dimensional standards. The specific dimensions are determined according to the actual production requirements, and the materials of each component can be replaced accordingly based on actual needs.

[0041] All electrical components in this invention are commercially available, conventional equipment known to those skilled in the art. Models can be selected or customized according to actual needs. The setting method, installation method, and electrical connection method can be easily understood by those skilled in the art by following the instructions for use, and will not be described in detail here.

[0042] Each electrical component in this invention is equipped with a corresponding control switch. The specific installation location of the control switch can be selected according to actual usage requirements to facilitate operation and control by the operator.

[0043] Working Principle: When using the magnetic density separation equipment for electronic waste particle sorting, the superconducting magnet 4 can be powered on and started, generating a gradient magnetic field. This causes the iron oxide particles to arrange themselves in a gradient within the magnetic fluid, i.e., denser at the bottom and sparser at the top. This results in the magnetic fluid density gradually decreasing from bottom to top. Then, the mixture of magnetic fluid and micron-sized electronic waste particles is slowly poured into the feed trough of the separation frame 5. The micron-sized electronic waste particles are affected by gravity (depending on their density) and buoyancy (depending on their volume and location within the magnetic fluid density). They reach a balance between gravity and buoyancy at different heights along the magnetic fluid cross-section and slowly flow towards the separation plate 6. Simultaneously, different electronic waste particles at different heights in the magnetic fluid will enter through the pre-reserved slots on the separation plate 6, forming different channels between adjacent grid plates 7 and between the separation frame 5 and the two outermost grid plates 7. Inside the channel, the magnetofluid simultaneously submerges all the grid plates 7. The uppermost guide channel is used for guiding and conveying lightweight plastics within the electronic waste particles. As the mixture of electronic waste particles and magnetofluid gradually moves away from the effective magnetic field region of the superconducting magnet 4, the iron oxide in the magnetofluid will no longer separate into layers. Consequently, the gravity acting on the mixture of electronic waste particles and magnetofluid will exceed the buoyancy, allowing the mixture to fall along its respective channels into the sorted electronic waste particle conveying trough on the conveyor belt 10. The conveyor belt 10, in its conveying state, can then carry the mixture of electronic waste particles and magnetofluid into the sorted electronic waste particle collection trough on the collection frame 11. Simultaneously, the electronic waste particles falling into the sorted electronic waste particle conveying trough on the conveyor belt 10 will slowly rise away from the magnetofluid, thus achieving separation of the electronic waste particles and the magnetofluid.

Claims

1. A magnetic density separation device for electronic waste particle sorting, comprising a base plate (1), characterized in that: The upper surface of the base plate (1) is fixedly connected with four legs (2) and two support plates (3). The upper part of the base plate (1) is provided with a superconducting magnet (4) fixed to the corresponding legs (2) and several rotating rods (8) rotatably connected to the corresponding support plates (3). The upper surface of the superconducting magnet (4) is fixedly connected with a separation frame (5). The inner wall of the separation frame (5) is fixedly connected with a separation plate (6) for electronic waste particle sorting and several grid plates (7). Each rotating rod (8) has a conveyor roller (9) fixedly connected to its outer surface. A conveyor belt (10) for conveying sorted electronic waste particles is set between the two support plates (3). The conveyor roller (9) is connected to the conveyor belt (10) in a transmission connection. A collection box (11) for storing sorted electronic waste particles is placed above the bottom plate (1).

2. The magnetic density separation device for electronic waste particle sorting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner walls of the two support plates (3) are each inlaid with a number of bearings (15), and the inner ring of the bearings (15) is fixed to the outer surface of the rotating rod (8).

3. The magnetic density separation device for electronic waste particle sorting according to claim 1, characterized in that: A servo motor (12) is mounted on the front of the two support plates (3). The output shaft of the servo motor (12) is fixedly connected to a first bevel gear (13), and a second bevel gear (14) that meshes with the first bevel gear (13) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the leftmost rotating rod (8).

4. A magnetic density separation device for electronic waste particle sorting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collection frame (11) is fixedly connected to a handle (16) on one side and the other side, and a protective sleeve (17) is fitted on the outer surface of each handle (16).

5. A magnetic density separation device for electronic waste particle sorting according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the collection frame (11) is connected to several drain pipes (18), and control valves are installed on the outer surface of the drain pipes (18).

6. A magnetic density separation device for electronic waste particle sorting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the electronic waste particle sorting conveyor trough opened on the conveyor belt (10) is smaller than the diameter of the electronic waste particle sorting collection trough opened on the collection frame (11), and the spacing between the electronic waste particle sorting guide trough formed between the adjacent grid plates (7) and the separation frame (5) and the two outermost grid plates (7) is smaller than the diameter of the electronic waste particle sorting conveyor trough opened on the conveyor belt (10).

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