An ion monitoring device for an experimental model of hepatic encephalopathy in rabbits

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of experimental equipment technology, and discloses an ion monitoring device for a rabbit hepatic encephalopathy experimental model, including: an operating table with a monitoring system installed on it; the monitoring system includes a first base with a first fixing rod fixed in the center and two fixing clips on the first fixing rod; a tension transducer with its input end detachably connected to the fixing clips and a three-way valve detachably connected to the input end, with an endotracheal tube detachably connected to the three-way valve for monitoring respiratory rate; and a pressure transducer with its input end detachably connected to the fixing clip and a three-way valve detachably connected to the input end, with an arterial cannula detachably connected to the three-way valve for monitoring changes in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate during the progression of rabbit hepatic encephalopathy (early, middle, progressive, and recovery phases), thereby increasing the scientific rigor and repeatability of the experimental operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of experimental equipment technology, specifically relating to an ion monitoring device for an experimental model of rabbit hepatic encephalopathy. Background Technology

[0002] The "Hepatic Encephalopathy in Rabbits" experiment is one of the comprehensive experimental projects in the functional experimental science course of various medical schools. This experiment involves the experimental verification of the pathogenesis mechanism of hepatic encephalopathy—the ammonia poisoning theory. Changes in the concentration of ammonia in the blood directly affect the course of hepatic encephalopathy and treatment strategies, which has a direct impact on students' understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.

[0003] The "rabbit hepatic encephalopathy" experiment involves various stimuli, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and ammonia ions. These different stimuli can affect the rabbit's arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate. Changes in these indicators need to be monitored in real time during the disease process. Therefore, during the "rabbit hepatic encephalopathy" experiment (early, middle, progression, and recovery phases), it is necessary to monitor the rabbit's arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate in real time. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide an ion monitoring device for an experimental model of rabbit hepatic encephalopathy, thus solving the problems in the background technology.

[0005] The objective of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] An ion monitoring device for an experimental model of hepatic encephalopathy in rabbits, comprising:

[0007] An operating console, on which a monitoring system is installed;

[0008] The monitoring system includes a first base, a first fixing rod is fixedly connected to the center of the first base, two slidably connected fixing clips are sleeved on the first fixing rod, and fastening bolts are threaded to the side of the fixing clips;

[0009] A tension transducer, the input end of which is detachably connected to a fixing clamp, and a three-way valve is detachably connected to the input end of the tension transducer, and an endotracheal tube is detachably connected to the three-way valve for monitoring respiratory rate;

[0010] A pressure transducer, the input end of which is detachably connected to a fixing clamp, and a three-way valve is detachably connected to the input end of the pressure transducer. An arterial cannula is detachably connected to the three-way valve for monitoring arterial blood pressure and heart rate.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention can be further configured as follows: an intravenous infusion system is provided on the operating table, the intravenous infusion system includes a second base, a second fixing rod is fixedly connected to the center of the second base, a fixing clamp is slidably connected to the second fixing rod, a fastening bolt is threaded to the side of the fixing clamp, a limiting ring is fixedly connected to the top of the second fixing rod, a liquid storage cylinder is sleeved inside the limiting ring, and an infusion set is fixedly connected to the lower end of the liquid storage cylinder;

[0012] A pressure transducer, the input end of which is detachably connected to a fixing clamp, and the input end of which is detachably connected to two three-way valves, one of which is detachably connected to an intravenous catheter and a syringe, and the other three-way valve is detachably connected to the output end of an infusion set.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention can be further configured such that: one end of the operating table is fixedly connected to a table arm, the top of the table arm is fixedly connected to a table top, and a camera is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the table top at the center position.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention can be further configured such that a lighting lamp is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the platform and around the camera.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention can be further configured such that a display is fixedly mounted on the side of the arm.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention can be further configured such that a tablet computer is detachably connected to the side of the arm and below the display.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention can be further configured such that a secondary display is fixedly connected to one end of the operating table near the arm.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention can be further configured such that a ventilator trachea interface is fixedly connected to the upper end of the sub-display.

[0019] The explanations of the nouns, conjunctions, or adjectives used in the above technical solutions are as follows:

[0020] A fixed connection refers to a connection in which parts or components are fixed in place, with no relative movement between them. These connections are divided into two types: detachable and non-detachable.

[0021] (1) Detachable connections use screws, splines, wedges, etc. to fix parts together. This type of connection can be disassembled during maintenance without damaging the parts. However, the specifications of the connecting parts used must be correct (such as the length of bolts, keys, wedges) and properly tightened.

[0022] (2) Non-removable connections mainly refer to welding, riveting, and tenon joints. Since disassembly is required by forging, sawing, or oxy-acetylene cutting during repair or replacement, the parts generally cannot be reused. At the same time, attention should be paid to the process quality, technical inspection, and remedial measures (such as correction, polishing, etc.) when making connections.

[0023] A threaded connection is a detachable connection in which threaded parts (or the threaded portion of the connected parts) are joined together to form a single unit.

[0024] A sliding connection refers to two objects that are in contact but not fixed, and can slide relative to each other.

[0025] A rotating connection is a connection between parts that allows the parts to rotate relative to each other.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0027] The monitoring system described in this application can monitor changes in various cardiac indicators (arterial blood pressure and heart rate) and respiratory rate during the progression of hepatic encephalopathy (early, middle, progressive, and recovery stages), thereby increasing the scientific rigor and reproducibility of the experimental procedure. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the operating table structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring system structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the intravenous infusion system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0034] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "opening", "upper", "lower", "thickness", "top", "middle", "length", "inner", "around" and other terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0035] A transducer, also known as a sensor, is a device that converts non-electrical signals of physiological activities into electrical signals with a definite functional relationship. There are many types of transducers, but the two main types commonly used in physiological experiments are pressure transducers and tension transducers.

[0036] Pressure transducers are mainly used to measure blood pressure, intracardiac pressure, intracranial pressure, intrathoracic pressure, gastrointestinal pressure, and intraocular pressure. They operate on the Wheatstone bridge principle. When external pressure is applied to the transducer, the resistance of the sensitive element changes, causing an imbalance in the bridge and generating an electrical signal.

[0037] Tension transducers are mainly used to record muscle contraction curves. Their working principle is similar to that of pressure transducers. Tension transducers can convert tension signals into electrical signals.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, an ion monitoring device for an experimental model of hepatic encephalopathy in rabbits includes:

[0039] Control panel 1, on which monitoring system 2 is installed;

[0040] The monitoring system 2 includes a first base 21, a first fixing rod 22 is fixedly connected to the center of the first base 21, two slidably connected fixing clips 23 are sleeved on the first fixing rod 22, and fastening bolts 24 are threadedly connected to the side of the fixing clips 23.

[0041] Tension transducer 25, the input end of tension transducer 25 is detachably connected to fixing clip 23, and a three-way valve 26 is detachably connected to the input end of tension transducer 25. An endotracheal tube 27 is detachably connected to the three-way valve 26 for monitoring respiratory rate.

[0042] Pressure transducer 28, the input end of pressure transducer 28 is detachably connected to fixing clip 23, and a three-way valve 26 is detachably connected to the input end of pressure transducer 28. An arterial cannula 29 is detachably connected to the three-way valve 26 for monitoring arterial blood pressure and heart rate.

[0043] The input end of the tension transducer contains a spring. After the endotracheal tube is inserted into the trachea, the fluctuations in breathing will cause the tension transducer to detect changes in vertical force. The changes in tension signal are converted into electrical signals. The respiratory rate is recorded by collecting the number of times the physical tension of the chest cavity moves during breathing.

[0044] The input end of the pressure transducer contains a spring. After the arterial cannula is inserted into the blood vessel, the change in blood flow will affect the change in the sensitivity of the spring. The blood pressure signal is also converted into an electrical signal. The physical pressure is transmitted to the sensor through the cannula. The sensor converts the physical signal into an electrical signal, thereby recording arterial blood pressure and heart rate.

[0045] The operation process of the cardiac and respiratory function monitoring system 2 in this application is as follows:

[0046] 1. Animal anesthesia: Select the right ear vein of the rabbit for puncture, and slowly inject 25% urethane (4ml / kg, 1g / kg) for anesthesia. When signs of decreased pupillary reflex and decreased muscle tone in the limbs appear, fix the limbs and fix them in the supine position on the operating table 1.

[0047] 2. Tracheal separation and intubation: The rabbit is placed in a supine position, and the fur on the front of the neck is cut off. About 2cm below the thyroid cartilage, a 5-7cm long incision is made along the midline. The subcutaneous fascia and muscles are bluntly separated with hemostatic forceps or glass needles to expose the trachea and separate the connective tissue around the trachea. A thick cotton thread is threaded through the trachea for later use. An inverted "T" shaped incision is made about the 5th-7th ring of the thyroid cartilage. A tracheal tube 27 is inserted and fixed with thick cotton thread. This experimental procedure is used to monitor the respiratory rate.

[0048] 3. Carotid artery dissection and cannulation: Bluntly dissect the carotid artery 3-4 cm with a glass needle, thread silk sutures for later use, to avoid accidental injury to the anterior thyroid artery. Clamp the proximal end of the carotid artery with an arterial clamp, ligate the distal end with silk sutures, and cut a "V" shaped incision 0.5 cm from the ligation point at the distal end. Insert the arterial cannula 29 parallel to the heart and insert it into the artery for about 2 cm, fix it with silk sutures, and prefill the cannula with 125 U / ml heparin. Set the three-way valve 26 to the 45°C closed position. This experimental procedure is used to measure carotid artery blood pressure and heart rate.

[0049] 4. Connect the system and select the experimental module: Connect the tension transducer 25 to the endotracheal cannula 27, and connect the other end to the BL-4231 biosignal acquisition and processing system. Connect the pressure transducer 28 to the arterial cannula 29, and connect the other end to the BL-4231 biosignal acquisition and processing system. Monitor the changes in various cardiac function indicators (arterial blood pressure and heart rate) and respiratory rate during the progression of hepatic encephalopathy (early, middle, progressive, and recovery stages) to increase the scientific nature and reproducibility of the experimental operation.

[0050] In one embodiment of this utility model, an intravenous infusion system 3 is provided on the operating table 1. The intravenous infusion system 3 includes a second base 31. A second fixing rod 32 is fixedly connected to the center of the second base 31. A fixing clip 23 is slidably connected on the second fixing rod 32. A fastening bolt 24 is threadedly connected to the side of the fixing clip 23. A limiting ring 33 is fixedly connected to the top of the second fixing rod 32. A liquid storage cylinder 34 is sleeved inside the limiting ring 33. An infusion set 35 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the liquid storage cylinder 34.

[0051] The pressure transducer 28 has its input end detachably connected to the fixing clamp 23. The input end of the pressure transducer 28 is detachably connected to two three-way valves 26. One of the three-way valves 26 is detachably connected to an intravenous catheter 36 and a syringe 37, and the other three-way valve 26 is detachably connected to the output end of the infusion set 35.

[0052] The input end of the pressure transducer contains a spring. After the arterial cannula is inserted into the blood vessel, the change in blood flow will affect the change in the sensitivity of the spring. The blood pressure signal is also converted into an electrical signal. The physical pressure is transmitted to the sensor through the cannula. The sensor converts the physical signal into an electrical signal, thereby recording arterial blood pressure and heart rate.

[0053] The operation process of the intravenous infusion system 3 of this application is as follows:

[0054] 1. Animal anesthesia: Select the right ear vein of the rabbit for puncture, and slowly inject 25% urethane (4ml / kg, 1g / kg) for anesthesia. When signs of decreased pupillary reflex and decreased muscle tone in the limbs appear, fix the limbs and fix them in the supine position on the operating table 1.

[0055] 2. External jugular vein dissection and cannulation: Make an incision on the left side of the neck and evert the skin. Use a glass needle to bluntly dissect the connective tissue to a length of 2 cm, threading two cotton sutures for later use. Clamp the distal end of the artery. Make a "V"-shaped incision on the proximal end of the vein wall. Insert a venous catheter 36 filled with normal saline towards the heart 1-2 cm, securing it with silk sutures. Release the arterial clamp. The external jugular vein is used for injection and infusion. Connect it to a pressure transducer 28 via a three-way valve 26. The catheter is pre-filled with normal saline. An infusion set 35 with a Mofeld tube replaces the infusion tube, maintaining a stable fluid flow rate. A 2.5% ammonium chloride solution is injected using a three-way valve 26, with the flow rate controlled at 40-60 drops / minute. When rabbits exhibit loss of corneal reflex and convulsions, a 2.5% sodium glutamate injection is immediately injected as a resuscitation medication. Blood samples are drawn at different stages of the hepatic encephalopathy process (early, middle, progressive, and recovery phases) to detect blood ammonia and various electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and calcium). This system records fluid volume, maintains constant pressure, is simple and easy to control, and fulfills different functions for infusion, blood collection, and therapeutic medication, effectively improving the success rate of experiments.

[0056] In one embodiment of this utility model, an arm 11 is fixedly connected to one end of the operating table 1, and a top 12 is fixedly connected to the top of the arm 11. A camera 13 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the top 12 at the center position. Using a high-definition camera 13, the experimental process can be simultaneously captured and displayed on a computer or projector. Recording the experimental operation process serves a recording function, not only demonstrating the experimental techniques to students but also facilitating their subsequent review.

[0057] In one embodiment of this invention, a lighting lamp 14 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the platform 12 and around the camera 13. This lighting system provides illumination for the experimental operation, allowing for clearer observation of the details of each step during the experiment.

[0058] In one embodiment of this invention, a display 15 is fixedly mounted on the side of the stage arm 11. The display 15 can be adjusted at any angle and position during the experiment to display experimental items and data.

[0059] In one embodiment of this invention, a tablet computer 16 is detachably connected to the side of the platform arm 11 and below the display 15. The tablet computer 16 is used for centralized control of the lighting system, breathing system parameter adjustment, and camera 13 magnification adjustment in the experimental equipment.

[0060] In one embodiment of this invention, 17 secondary displays are fixedly connected to one end of the operating table 1 near the table arm 11. The secondary displays 17 facilitate the experimental operator in viewing experimental data.

[0061] In one embodiment of this invention, a ventilator endotracheal interface 18 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the secondary display 17. This interface is used to input oxygen pressure for pressure control and regulation.

[0062] Of course, in actual use, the device of this application also requires the use of the BL-4231 biosignal acquisition and processing system. The BL-4231 biosignal acquisition and processing system can be installed on the stage arm 11. The output terminals of the tension transducer 25 and the pressure transducer 28 in this application are both connected to the input channels on the BL-4231 biosignal acquisition and processing system. Using the BL-4231 biosignal acquisition and processing system, changes in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate during the course of hepatic encephalopathy in rabbits (early, middle, progressive, and recovery stages) can be scientifically recorded, laying a solid foundation for clinical medical practice and teaching. Among them, the camera 13, the lighting lamp 14, the monitor 15, the tablet computer 16, and the secondary monitor 17 are all electrically and / or network connected to the BL-4231 biosignal acquisition and processing system.

[0063] The BL-4231 biosignal acquisition and processing system adopts an integrated design principle of intelligence, informatization, integration, and networking. It integrates a centralized intelligent control subsystem, an information-based biosignal acquisition system, a ventilator, a rectal thermometer, a lighting system, oxygen humidification bottles, and other commonly used experimental equipment. It is a professional device capable of multi-channel biosignal acquisition, analysis, and processing. It can acquire electrical signals such as electrocardiograms, electromyograms, and action potentials from living organisms or isolated organs, as well as non-electrical signals such as pressure (e.g., arterial blood pressure, left ventricular pressure), and tension.

[0064] The overall operation process is as follows: First, turn on the tablet computer 16, turn on the light 14 and camera 13, and connect the output terminals of the tension transducer 25 and pressure transducer 28 to the input channels on the BL-4231 biosignal acquisition and processing system. Then, select "BL-4231 Biosignal Acquisition and Processing System" → Experimental Module → Pathophysiological Experiment → Rabbit Hepatic Encephalopathy → Understand the experimental principle, experimental content, and experimental method → ​​Connect the pressure transducer (arterial blood pressure / channel 1 / infusion system / channel 2) and the tension transducer (respiratory rate / channel 3) at the same time → Start recording heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. At the same time, use the infusion system to collect blood during the rabbit hepatic encephalopathy process (early, middle, progressive, and recovery stages) for use in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader to detect and monitor changes in blood ammonia and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and calcium) and to input emergency medications.

[0065] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0066] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. An ion monitoring device for an experimental model of hepatic encephalopathy in rabbits, characterized in that, include: An operating console (1) is provided with a monitoring system (2); The monitoring system (2) includes a first base (21), a first fixing rod (22) is fixedly connected to the center of the first base (21), and two slidingly connected fixing clips (23) are sleeved on the first fixing rod (22). The side of the fixing clips (23) is threaded with fastening bolts (24). Tension transducer (25), the input end of which is detachably connected to a fixing clip (23), the input end of which is detachably connected to a three-way valve (26), and the three-way valve (26) is detachably connected to an endotracheal tube (27) for monitoring respiratory rate; A pressure transducer (28) is provided, the input end of which is detachably connected to a fixing clip (23). A three-way valve (26) is detachably connected to the input end of the pressure transducer (28). An arterial cannula (29) is detachably connected to the three-way valve (26) for monitoring arterial blood pressure and heart rate.

2. The ion monitoring device for a rabbit hepatic encephalopathy experimental model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating table (1) is equipped with an intravenous infusion system (3). The intravenous infusion system (3) includes a second base (31). A second fixing rod (32) is fixedly connected to the center of the second base (31). A fixing clip (23) is slidably connected on the second fixing rod (32). A fastening bolt (24) is threadedly connected to the side of the fixing clip (23). A limiting ring (33) is fixedly connected to the top of the second fixing rod (32). A liquid storage cylinder (34) is sleeved inside the limiting ring (33). An infusion set (35) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the liquid storage cylinder (34). A pressure transducer (28) is provided, the input end of which is detachably connected to a fixing clamp (23). The input end of the pressure transducer (28) is detachably connected to two three-way valves (26). One of the three-way valves (26) is detachably connected to an intravenous catheter (36) and a syringe (37). The other three-way valve (26) is detachably connected to the output end of an infusion set (35).

3. The ion monitoring device for a rabbit hepatic encephalopathy experimental model according to claim 2, characterized in that, One end of the operating table (1) is fixedly connected to a table arm (11), the top of the table arm (11) is fixedly connected to a table top (12), and a camera (13) is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the table top (12) at the center position.

4. The ion monitoring device for a rabbit hepatic encephalopathy experimental model according to claim 3, characterized in that, A lighting lamp (14) is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the platform (12) and around the camera (13).

5. The ion monitoring device for a rabbit hepatic encephalopathy experimental model according to claim 4, characterized in that, A display (15) is fixedly mounted on the side of the arm (11).

6. The ion monitoring device for an experimental model of hepatic encephalopathy in rabbits according to claim 5, characterized in that, A tablet computer (16) is detachably connected to the side of the arm (11) and below the display (15).

7. The ion monitoring device for a rabbit hepatic encephalopathy experimental model according to claim 1, characterized in that, A secondary display (17) is fixedly connected to one end of the operating table (1) near the arm (11).

8. The ion monitoring device for a rabbit hepatic encephalopathy experimental model according to claim 7, characterized in that, The upper end of the sub-display (17) is fixedly connected to a ventilator endotracheal interface (18).

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