A dual-speed gear head for vertical machining centers

Abstract

This utility model provides a dual-speed gear head for vertical machining centers, relating to the field of gear head technology. It addresses the problem that in vertical machining centers, when processing different workpieces, the spindle rotation speed is directly adjusted by a motor, but this is affected by factors such as power grid voltage fluctuations and motor heat generation, leading to decreased stability and increased costs over long-term operation. The head includes a main body; a motor is mounted on the top side of the main body; a spindle is rotatably mounted inside the main body; a large gear A is mounted on the spindle; a small gear A is mounted on the spindle; a control cylinder B is mounted on the top of the main body; a mounting component is mounted at the bottom of the control cylinder B; a large gear B is mounted on the bottom rotating shaft of the mounting component; and a small gear B is mounted on the bottom rotating shaft of the mounting component. By extending and retracting the control cylinder B, the mounting component moves on the rotating shaft, thereby meshing the large gear A and small gear B, or vice versa, as needed. This meshing of the gears drives the spindle to achieve dual-speed adjustable rotation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of gear head technology, and more specifically, it relates to a dual-speed gear head for vertical machining centers. Background Technology

[0002] A dual-speed gear head is a mechanical spindle speed change device specifically designed for vertical machining centers. Its core function is to switch the gear transmission path to allow the spindle to operate in two fixed speed modes (usually "low speed, high torque" and "high speed, low torque") to adapt to the different requirements of spindle speed and torque for different machining processes (such as roughing and finishing). Essentially, it achieves precise control of spindle power transmission through the combination and switching of rigid gear sets, balancing machining efficiency and accuracy.

[0003] Based on existing technology, it has been found that vertical machining centers require adjustments to the spindle speed when machining different workpieces. During rough machining, the spindle of the machining center needs to withstand extremely high cutting forces and impact loads. Ordinary motor torque output is inversely proportional to speed (constant power characteristic), and torque drops significantly at low speeds. Even when using a "low-speed, high-torque motor," although its low-speed torque is higher than that of an asynchronous motor, it still requires a complex reducer to meet the demands of heavy cutting, significantly increasing costs and being affected by factors such as the power grid. In such cases, a dual-speed geared head is necessary. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this utility model provides a dual-speed gear head for vertical machining centers. This solves the problem that when vertical machining centers process different workpieces, the spindle rotation speed is directly adjusted by a motor, but the stability may decrease and costs may increase during long-term operation due to factors such as power grid voltage fluctuations and motor heating.

[0005] This utility model discloses a dual-speed gear head for a vertical machining center, achieved through the following specific technical means:

[0006] A dual-speed gear head for a vertical machining center, comprising a main body;

[0007] A control cylinder A is installed at the top of the main body; a motor is installed on the side of the top of the main body; a main shaft is rotatably installed inside the main body; a large gear A is installed on the main shaft; a small gear A is installed on the main shaft; a control cylinder B is installed at the top of the main body; a mounting component is installed on the bottom shaft of the control cylinder B; a large gear B is installed on the bottom shaft of the mounting component; a small gear B is installed at the bottom of the mounting component; and a rotating shaft is installed inside the main body.

[0008] Furthermore, the main body is provided with an oil tank; the main body oil tank is provided with a filling port; the oil tank on the main body is connected to the main shaft through a pipeline.

[0009] Furthermore, a drive gear is provided at the bottom of the motor output shaft; the drive gear is located at the top inside the main body.

[0010] Furthermore, the large gear A is located at the bottom of the small gear A; the large gear A mates with the small gear B; and the small gear A mates with the large gear B.

[0011] Furthermore, the rotating shaft is provided with a spline; a mounting component is slidably disposed on the rotating shaft; a driven gear is disposed on the top of the rotating shaft; the driven gear meshes with the driving gear; and the rotating shaft is disposed between the main shaft and the driving gear.

[0012] Furthermore, the large gear B is positioned on top of the small gear B.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. This device includes a control cylinder B and a mounting component. The control cylinder is located on the top of the main body, and the mounting component is connected to the control cylinder B. During operation, the extension and retraction of the control cylinder B moves the mounting component on the rotating shaft, allowing the large gear A and small gear B, or vice versa, to mesh as needed. The rotating shaft has splines that drive the large gear B and small gear B to rotate when the shaft rotates. This meshing action of the gears drives the spindle to achieve dual-speed rotation. Compared to direct motor drive, this method has lower processing costs, requires only periodic gear oil changes and meshing clearance checks, and eliminates the need for complex electronic component adjustments. The overall cost is significantly lower than a motor speed control system. It features short switching time, high transmission efficiency, and direct locking of the target speed after switching, with no acceleration / deceleration delay. For machining centers with fixed processes, this "instant cutting and stabilization" characteristic significantly improves production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional three-dimensional structural diagram of the main body of this utility model.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the main body of this utility model, viewed from below.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a side view of the structure of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a side view of the three-dimensional structure of the main body of this utility model.

[0019] In the diagram, the correspondence between component names and drawing numbers is as follows:

[0020] 1. Main body; 2. Control cylinder A; 3. Motor; 301. Drive gear; 4. Main shaft; 401. Large gear A; 402. Small gear A; 5. Control cylinder B; 501. Mounting component; 502. Large gear B; 503. Small gear B; 6. Rotating shaft; 601. Driven gear. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The embodiments of this utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0022] Example:

[0023] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 4 As shown:

[0024] This utility model provides a dual-speed gear head for a vertical machining center, comprising a main body 1;

[0025] A control cylinder A2 is installed at the top of the main body 1; a motor 3 is installed on the top side of the main body 1; a main shaft 4 is rotatably mounted inside the main body 1; a large gear A401 is mounted on the main shaft 4; a small gear A402 is mounted on the main shaft 4; a control cylinder B5 is installed at the top of the main body 1; a mounting component 501 is installed at the bottom of the control cylinder B5; a large gear B502 is mounted on the bottom rotating shaft of the mounting component 501; a small gear B503 is mounted on the bottom rotating shaft of the mounting component 501; a rotating shaft 6 is installed inside the main body 1; the control cylinder A2 is used to connect to the outside to drive the main body 1 to move up and down, while the motor 3 is used to drive the drive gear 301 to rotate through the output shaft, thereby interacting with the driven gear 6. The gears 01 mesh with each other, thereby driving the rotating shaft 6 to rotate. The main shaft 4 is used to drive the main shaft 4 to rotate stably by meshing with the large gear A401 and the small gear A402 with the large gear B502 and the small gear B503 respectively. The large and small gears can adapt to different processing requirements when they mesh with each other, achieving the purpose of dual-speed adjustment. The control cylinder B5 is used to move the mounting part 501 on the rotating shaft 6 by telescopic movement, thereby driving the large gear B502 and the small gear B503 to mesh with the large gear A401 and the small gear A402 respectively, thus achieving dual-speed adjustment as needed. All the above electrical components are implemented by background programs, which is existing technology.

[0026] Among them, such as Figure 3 As shown, an oil tank is provided on the main body 1; a filling port is provided on the oil tank of the main body 1; the oil tank on the main body 1 is connected to the spindle 4 through a pipeline; the oil tank is used to add cooling oil through the filling port and flow through the pipeline to achieve the effect of oil cooling for the spindle 4.

[0027] Among them, such as Figure 2As shown, a drive gear 301 is provided at the bottom of the output shaft of motor 3; the drive gear 301 is located at the top inside the main body 1; the drive gear 301 here is used to drive the rotation by motor 3 and mesh with the driven gear 601, thereby driving the rotating shaft 6 to rotate.

[0028] Among them, such as Figure 1 As shown, the large gear A401 is located at the bottom of the small gear A402; the large gear A401 engages with the small gear B503; the small gear A402 engages with the large gear B502; through the meshing of different gears, the dual-speed adjustment of the main shaft 4 is achieved.

[0029] Among them, such as Figure 3 As shown, a spline is provided on the rotating shaft 6; a mounting part 501 is slidably provided on the rotating shaft 6; a driven gear 601 is provided on the top of the rotating shaft 6; the driven gear 601 meshes with the driving gear 301; the rotating shaft 6 is located between the main shaft 4 and the driving gear 301.

[0030] Among them, such as Figure 3 As shown, the large gear B502 is located on top of the small gear B503.

[0031] The specific usage and function of this embodiment are as follows:

[0032] In this invention, when using the device, the cylinder B5 is controlled to extend and retract, causing the mounting part 501 to move on the rotating shaft 6. This allows the large gear A401 and the small gear B503, or the small gear A402 and the large gear B502, to mesh as needed. The motor 3 is controlled to rotate via a control system, which in turn meshes the driving gear 301 and the driven gear 601, thus rotating the rotating shaft 6. The splines on the rotating shaft 6 allow the large gear B502 and the small gear B503 to rotate as the shaft rotates. The meshing of the large gear A401 and the small gear B503, or the small gear A402 and the large gear B502, transmits the rotational force to the main shaft 4, causing it to rotate. Thus, the meshing of the gears enables the main shaft 4 to rotate at two speeds.

Claims

1. A two-speed gearhead for a vertical machining center, characterized by: Includes the main body (1); The main body (1) is equipped with a control cylinder A (2) at the top; a motor (3) is equipped on the top side of the main body (1); a main shaft (4) is rotatably mounted inside the main body (1); a large gear A (401) is mounted on the main shaft (4); a small gear A (402) is mounted on the main shaft (4); a control cylinder B (5) is equipped at the top of the main body (1); a mounting component (501) is mounted at the bottom of the control cylinder B (5); a large gear B (502) is mounted on the bottom rotating shaft of the mounting component (501); a small gear B (503) is mounted on the bottom rotating shaft of the mounting component (501); and a rotating shaft (6) is mounted inside the main body (1).

2. A dual-speed gear head for a vertical machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body (1) is provided with an oil tank; the oil tank of the main body (1) is provided with a filling port; the oil tank on the main body (1) is connected to the main shaft (4) through a pipeline.

3. A dual-speed gear head for a vertical machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motor (3) has a drive gear (301) at the bottom of its output shaft; the drive gear (301) is located at the top inside the main body (1).

4. A dual-speed gear head for a vertical machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large gear A (401) is located at the bottom of the small gear A (402); the large gear A (401) is engaged with the small gear B (503); the small gear A (402) is engaged with the large gear B (502).

5. A dual-speed gear head for a vertical machining center according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (6) is provided with a spline; the rotating shaft (6) is slidably provided with a mounting part (501); the top of the rotating shaft (6) is provided with a driven gear (601); the driven gear (601) meshes with the driving gear (301); the rotating shaft (6) is located between the main shaft (4) and the driving gear (301).

6. A dual-speed gear head for a vertical machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large gear B (502) is located on top of the small gear B (503).

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