A pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction
By integrating a current sensor, analog-to-digital converter, central processing unit, and comparator into a pole-mounted switch, the problems of speed and reliability in fault detection in power plant auxiliary power systems are solved, achieving microsecond-level response and accurate capture of fault events, making it suitable for efficient fault location and isolation in complex environments.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHANGSHA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for fault detection in power plant auxiliary power systems suffer from low identification rates, slow response speeds, insufficient reliability, and installation difficulties, making it difficult to meet the needs for efficient fault location and isolation in complex environments.
The pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction integrates a current sensor, analog-to-digital converter, central processing unit, comparator and communication module. It collects wideband current through TMR sensor, identifies different types of faults using window comparator, and ensures stable transmission of fault signals to the central processing unit through latching circuit, and finally uploads to cloud platform for further judgment.
It achieves microsecond-level instantaneous response, improves the speed and sensitivity of fault detection, enhances the ability to identify different types of faults, ensures the accurate capture and recording of fault events, is suitable for complex electromagnetic environments, and supports precise isolation of cloud platforms.
Smart Images
Figure CN224288073U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of power distribution network technology, specifically relating to a pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction. Background Technology
[0002] Current power system fault detection faces differentiated requirements between transmission networks and power plant auxiliary systems. Integrated pole-mounted switches, as key equipment in the power system, directly impact power supply reliability due to their fault detection performance. While transient traveling wave-based fault location technology is relatively mature in transmission networks, its application to power plant auxiliary systems suffers from significant limitations in achieving accurate fault location due to low voltage levels, complex network structures, and numerous branch circuits, resulting in severe attenuation of the fault traveling wave signal.
[0003] (1) Traditional current transformers are difficult to effectively capture the characteristics of small current grounding faults, resulting in a low high-resistance fault identification rate;
[0004] (2) Conventional Hall sensors have a slow response speed, which cannot meet the timeliness requirements for rapid fault isolation;
[0005] (3) Mechanical position detection devices are not reliable enough in complex environments and are easily affected by external factors, resulting in malfunctions.
[0006] (4) Existing sensing solutions are not stable under extreme conditions and are limited by size, making it difficult to meet the installation requirements of highly integrated modern power distribution network equipment.
[0007] Therefore, these existing technological shortcomings severely restrict the promotion and application of integrated pole-mounted switches in the construction of smart distribution networks. Summary of the Invention
[0008] This invention provides a pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction, which effectively overcomes the technical bottlenecks of traditional pole-mounted switches in terms of speed, sensitivity, and reliability in complex electromagnetic environments.
[0009] To achieve the above technical objectives, the following technical solution is adopted:
[0010] A pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction includes: a pole-mounted switch body, a current sensor, an analog-to-digital converter, a central processing unit, a communication module, and a comparator;
[0011] The current sensor is installed on the input terminal of the pole-mounted switch body and is used to collect the current of the line connected to the pole-mounted switch body.
[0012] The analog-to-digital converter is connected to the output terminal of the current sensor and is used to convert the current value collected by the current sensor into an analog-to-digital value and transmit the converted current value to the central processing unit.
[0013] The comparator module has its comparison input terminals connected to the output terminal of the current sensor and a preset fault current threshold, respectively, and its output terminal connected to the central processing unit. When the output value of the current sensor exceeds the preset fault current threshold range, it outputs a high level to the central processing unit.
[0014] When the central processing unit receives a high level from the comparator, it uploads the current value collected by the current sensor and converted from analog to digital to the cloud platform via the communication module.
[0015] Furthermore, the current sensor is a TMR sensor used to sense and acquire broadband current.
[0016] Furthermore, the communication module adopts GPRS communication.
[0017] Furthermore, the pole-mounted switch also includes a memory for storing current value data received by the central processing unit.
[0018] Furthermore, the memory is SDRAM.
[0019] Furthermore, the comparator module includes two comparators and one OR gate; the non-inverting input of the first comparator is connected to the output of the current sensor, and the inverting input is preset to the upper limit threshold, serving as the upper limit comparator; the inverting input of the second comparator is connected to the output of the current sensor, and the non-inverting input is preset to the lower limit threshold, serving as the lower limit comparator; the outputs of the upper limit comparator and the lower limit comparator are respectively connected to the two inputs of the OR gate; the output of the OR gate constitutes the output of the comparator module.
[0020] Furthermore, the two comparators are dual comparators of model LMV393TP.
[0021] Furthermore, a latch circuit is connected between the output of the OR gate and the central processing unit to latch the high-level state of the OR gate output, ensuring that the fault signal can be stably read by the central processing unit.
[0022] Furthermore, the latching circuit employs a D flip-flop or an RS latch, with the reset terminal connected to the central processing unit. The latch state can be manually cleared after fault handling is completed, facilitating the re-establishment of the latch for the next fault identification.
[0023] Beneficial effects:
[0024] 1. This utility model integrates the current sensor, analog-to-digital converter, central processing unit, comparator, memory, and wireless communication module into an integrated pole-mounted switch. This not only makes the structure simple and easy to install, but also enables wideband sampling and processing of weak traveling wave signals, and achieves weak traveling wave feature extraction in complex noise environments and diverse fault types.
[0025] 2. This utility model introduces a comparator module into the pole-mounted switch to predict faults, which can achieve microsecond-level instantaneous response, significantly improve the action speed, avoid equipment damage, and effectively overcome the technical bottlenecks of traditional pole-mounted switches in terms of speed, sensitivity and reliability in complex electromagnetic environments.
[0026] 3. The comparator module of this utility model adopts a window comparator structure, which can not only identify high-current short-circuit faults, but also identify abnormalities under low current levels such as open circuits and high-resistance faults. It is especially suitable for plant power systems with low voltage levels and unstable loads, further improving the system's fault detection breadth and robustness.
[0027] 4. By introducing a latch circuit at the output of the comparator module, the problem of the central processing unit missing instantaneous fault signals due to processing cycle delay can be effectively solved, ensuring that every fault event can be accurately captured and recorded, providing a stable and reliable foundation for subsequent trip command judgment and cloud analysis. Attached Figure Description
[0028] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the column-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction of this utility model.
[0029] Figure 2 This is the circuit diagram of the pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction of this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0030] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. These embodiments are based on the technical solution of this utility model and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operation processes to further explain the technical solution of this utility model.
[0031] This embodiment provides a pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction, installed on a pole, including: a pole-mounted switch body, a current sensor, an analog-to-digital converter, a central processing unit, a communication module, a memory, and a comparator module. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown.
[0032] The current sensor, installed on the input terminal of the pole-mounted switch body, is used to collect the current of the line connected to the pole-mounted switch body. In this embodiment, the current sensor is a TMR sensor, capable of sensing and collecting wideband current, which is a necessary prerequisite and key technical support for achieving accurate traveling wave detection. Without sufficient bandwidth, crucial high-frequency information in the traveling wave will be filtered out or severely distorted. Wideband acquisition ensures the integrity of the traveling wave signal information, enabling subsequent traveling wave identification to operate based on real signal characteristics, thus improving the reliability and accuracy of detection.
[0033] The comparator module includes two comparators and one OR gate, forming a window comparator. The non-inverting input of the first comparator is connected to the output of the current sensor, and the inverting input is preset to the upper threshold, serving as the upper limit comparator. The inverting input of the second comparator is connected to the output of the current sensor, and the non-inverting input is preset to the lower threshold, serving as the lower limit comparator. The outputs of the upper and lower limit comparators are respectively connected to the two inputs of the OR gate. The output of the OR gate constitutes the output of the comparator module. When the current value collected by the TMR sensor is higher than the upper threshold or lower than the lower threshold, the window comparator outputs a high-level signal to the central processing unit, indicating that the current is in an abnormal operating range, and the system considers it a potential fault risk. If the current is between the upper and lower thresholds, it remains low, indicating that the line is in a normal state.
[0034] Compared to the traditional single-threshold comparison method, the window comparator composed of dual comparators can simultaneously identify different types of faults such as short circuits, high current surges, open circuits, and high-resistance grounding, enhancing the ability to identify different types of faults and improving the accuracy and coverage of fault prediction.
[0035] In a preferred embodiment, a latch circuit can be connected between the output of the OR gate and the central processing unit. This latch circuit can lock the state when the comparator module generates a high-level output, ensuring that the output remains unchanged even if the fault signal disappears, thus guaranteeing that the central processing unit can stably detect the fault state in subsequent scan cycles.
[0036] The analog-to-digital converter is connected to the output terminal of the current sensor and is used to convert the current value collected by the current sensor into an analog-to-digital value and transmit the converted current value to the central processing unit.
[0037] The memory is used to store the current value data received by the central processing unit, enabling temporary storage of the collected data and ensuring data security. In this embodiment, the memory is SDRAM.
[0038] When the central processing unit receives a high-level output from the comparator module, it uploads the current value collected by the current sensor and converted from analog to digital to the cloud platform via the communication module. The cloud platform then further determines whether there is a fault in the wiring where the current sensor is installed. Specifically, the cloud platform (not part of this utility model) can aggregate data uploaded from multiple pole-mounted switches, sort them by amplitude, select the two pole-mounted switches with the strongest traveling wave signals, and issue trip commands to these two switches to achieve precise isolation of the smallest segment. After receiving the command, the pole-mounted switch body drives the actuator to perform the tripping operation.
[0039] In this embodiment, the central processing unit is only used as a common knowledge for assisting in the storage and transmission of common data after acquisition, and is not used for logical control operations such as fault diagnosis of data.
[0040] The communication module described in this embodiment uses GPRS communication to enable the central processing unit to exchange data and instructions with the cloud platform.
[0041] In a specific embodiment, the pole-mounted switch may be installed on a three-phase circuit. The three circuit breakers of the pole-mounted switch body act on the three-phase lines respectively, and are used to achieve intelligent circuit breaking under the control of the cloud platform in the event of a possible fault in the three-phase circuit.
[0042] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or improvements based on them. Without departing from the overall concept of this application, these changes or improvements should fall within the scope of protection claimed in this application.
Claims
1. A pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction, characterized in that, include: The pole-mounted switch body, current sensor, analog-to-digital converter, central processing unit, communication module, and comparator module; The current sensor is installed on the input terminal of the pole-mounted switch body and is used to collect the current of the line connected to the pole-mounted switch body. The analog-to-digital converter is connected to the output terminal of the current sensor and is used to convert the current value collected by the current sensor into an analog-to-digital value and transmit the converted current value to the central processing unit. The comparator module has its comparison input terminals connected to the output terminal of the current sensor and a preset fault current threshold, respectively, and its output terminal connected to the central processing unit. When the output value of the current sensor exceeds the preset fault current threshold range, it outputs a high level to the central processing unit. When the central processing unit receives a high level from the comparator, it uploads the current value collected by the current sensor and converted from analog to digital to the cloud platform via the communication module.
2. The pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current sensor is a TMR sensor, used to sense and collect broadband current.
3. The pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication module uses GPRS communication.
4. The pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pole-mounted switch also includes a memory for storing current value data received by the central processing unit.
5. The pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction according to claim 4, characterized in that, The memory uses SDRAM.
6. The pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comparator module includes two comparators and one OR gate; the non-inverting input of the first comparator is connected to the output of the current sensor, and the inverting input is preset to the upper limit threshold, serving as the upper limit comparator; the inverting input of the second comparator is connected to the output of the current sensor, and the non-inverting input is preset to the lower limit threshold, serving as the lower limit comparator; the outputs of the upper limit comparator and the lower limit comparator are respectively connected to the two inputs of the OR gate; the output of the OR gate constitutes the output of the comparator module.
7. The pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction according to claim 6, characterized in that, The two comparators are dual comparators of model LMV393TP.
8. The pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction according to claim 6, characterized in that, A latching circuit is connected between the output of the OR gate and the central processing unit to latch the high-level state of the OR gate output, ensuring that the fault signal can be stably read by the central processing unit.
9. The pole-mounted switch with built-in fault prediction according to claim 8, characterized in that, The latching circuit uses a D flip-flop or an RS latch, and the reset terminal is connected to the central processing unit.