Steam gasification reactor

Abstract

The utility model discloses a steam gasification reactor, include: reaction furnace, the hollow interlayer between the inner furnace body and the outer furnace body of reaction furnace, be provided with the air outlet pipe and the air inlet pipe on the lateral wall of outer furnace body, be provided with the feed inlet and synthesis gas output pipeline of sealed connection with the export of feed auger on the lateral wall of inner furnace body, be provided with the refractory cement pouring layer of the lower section of inner furnace body furnace chamber, the ash outlet passageway is set up in the middle part of refractory cement pouring layer, and the rest of refractory cement pouring layer evenly interval sets up a plurality of installation passageways, and one air cap structure is correspondingly set up in each installation passageway, and the steam air inlet pipe is sealed through the through -hole on the reaction furnace and is connected with the air inlet hole of each air cap structure bottom through annular pipeline after passing, and the open mouth of inner furnace body bottom is installed with the ash outlet, and the ash outlet valve is installed at the ash outlet of ash outlet, and the reaction furnace is wrapped with the refractory layer. The above-mentioned equipment has the advantages of high gasification efficiency, basically no tar residue, basically no residual carbon residue etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of steam gasification technology, and in particular to a steam gasification reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass refers to the general term for various organic substances formed directly or indirectly through photosynthesis. It has advantages such as renewability, abundant reserves, low pollution, and storability. It is the fourth largest energy source after coal, oil, and natural gas, and is also an ideal renewable energy source.

[0003] Steam gasification technology is an important technology for utilizing biomass. It uses steam as a gasifying agent to gasify biomass raw materials, ultimately converting them into hydrogen-rich syngas.

[0004] The steam gasification reactor is the main equipment in the steam gasification reaction. In commonly used steam gasification reactors, the biomass feedstock is added from the top, while the gasifying agent (i.e., steam) is added from the bottom. The steam flows in the opposite direction to the biomass feedstock; the downward-flowing biomass feedstock is dried, pyrolyzed, and gasified by the upward-flowing steam. During the gasification process, because the rising steam cannot achieve uniform diffusion, some biomass feedstock fails to fully contact the steam, resulting in incomplete gasification. This leads to problems such as large residues, limited gasification efficiency, and other limitations. Utility Model Content

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a steam gasification reactor with high gasification efficiency, virtually no tar residue, and virtually no residual carbon residue. The synthesis gas obtained by gasification through this steam gasification reactor mainly consists of CO and H2, with a small amount of CO2. Among them, hydrogen accounts for about 60%. This steam gasification reactor can be used to produce green methanol, hydrogen, etc.

[0006] To address the problems of low gasification efficiency and large residue in existing steam gasification reactors, the technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows: The steam gasification reactor includes a reactor, which includes an inner furnace body and an outer furnace body, and a closed hollow interlayer is formed between the inner furnace body and the outer furnace body.

[0007] An outlet communicating with the hollow interlayer is provided on the top outer wall of the outer furnace body, and an outlet pipe is sealed and connected to the outlet. An inlet communicating with the hollow interlayer is provided on the bottom outer wall of the outer furnace body, and an inlet pipe is sealed and connected to the inlet. During operation, high-temperature gas, such as high-temperature flue gas, is introduced into the inlet pipe to achieve auxiliary heating of the hollow interlayer, thereby ensuring the reaction temperature in the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body and improving gasification efficiency.

[0008] A feed inlet communicating with the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body is provided on the outer side wall of the top of the inner furnace body, and the feed inlet is sealed to the outlet of the feed auger.

[0009] A syngas outlet communicating with the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body is provided at the top of the inner furnace body, and a syngas output pipe is sealed and connected at the syngas outlet.

[0010] A refractory cement casting layer is provided in the lower section of the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body, which divides the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body into two chambers: a gasification reaction chamber and an ash discharge chamber.

[0011] An ash discharge channel that runs vertically through the middle of the refractory cement casting layer is provided.

[0012] Several vertically penetrating installation channels are evenly spaced on the refractory cement casting layer. A wind cap structure is correspondingly provided in each installation channel, and the air outlets on the wind cap structure extend above the corresponding installation channel.

[0013] An annular pipe is provided in the ash discharge chamber. A first connecting hole and several second connecting holes are provided in the annular pipe. A steam inlet pipe is sealed and connected to the first connecting hole. The steam inlet pipe passes through the through hole on the reactor and extends out of the reactor. Each second connecting hole corresponds to the position of the air inlet hole at the bottom of each wind cap structure, and the air inlet hole at the bottom of each wind cap structure is sealed and connected to the corresponding second connecting hole.

[0014] During the gasification reaction, the ash produced by the gasification reaction falls downward through the installation channel, while the steam entering from the steam inlet pipe is dispersed through the various wind cap structures, so that the steam is evenly diffused and distributed as it flows upward. This ensures that the materials flowing downward, such as biomass raw materials or biochar carbonized from biomass raw materials, can fully contact the upward-flowing steam to carry out the gasification reaction.

[0015] The bottom of the inner furnace body is open to form an opening, and an ash hopper is sealed and installed at the opening. An ash discharge valve is installed at the ash discharge port of the ash hopper.

[0016] The reactor is wrapped with a refractory layer, and the outlet pipe, inlet pipe, steam inlet pipe, and feed auger inlet all extend outside the refractory layer.

[0017] Furthermore, in the aforementioned steam gasification reactor, a plurality of helical blades are provided in the hollow jacket, and each helical blade is evenly spaced along a spiral trajectory that spirals upward from bottom to top.

[0018] The high-temperature gas passing through the intake pipe can be high-temperature flue gas. A burner can be installed in the intake pipe to use the syngas obtained by the gasification reaction. A small portion of the syngas is introduced into the burner for combustion, thereby generating high-temperature flue gas (the temperature of high-temperature flue gas is usually around 1000℃).

[0019] Furthermore, in the aforementioned steam gasification reactor, the top of the inner furnace body protrudes upwards from the outer furnace body, and the portion of the inner furnace body protruding from the outer furnace body is a frustum-shaped section; here, the inclined curved sidewall structure of the frustum section plays a guiding role.

[0020] The syngas outlet is located on the top surface of the frustum section; the feed inlet is located on the side wall of the frustum section.

[0021] Furthermore, in the aforementioned steam gasification reactor, the refractory layer surrounding the frustum section is a first refractory layer obtained by casting refractory cement.

[0022] The refractory layer enclosing the outer furnace body is a refractory brick layer, and a metal shell with several claw-shaped studs inside covers the refractory brick layer.

[0023] Furthermore, in the aforementioned steam gasification reactor, a level gauge is provided on the reactor for measuring the material level in the furnace cavity entering the inner furnace body;

[0024] A temperature sensor is installed on the reactor to measure the temperature in the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body.

[0025] The ash produced by the gasification reaction is at a very high temperature. To facilitate ash collection and processing, this design incorporates a cooling pipe within the ash hopper's inner cavity. The inlet end of the cooling pipe passes through a first connecting hole on the ash hopper and a second connecting hole on the refractory layer surrounding the ash hopper, then extends outside the refractory layer. The outlet end of the cooling pipe passes through a third connecting hole on the ash hopper and a fourth connecting hole on the refractory layer surrounding the ash hopper, then extends outside the refractory layer. During operation, a cooling medium is circulated through the cooling pipe to cool the ash.

[0026] Furthermore, in the aforementioned steam gasification reactor, the refractory layer surrounding the ash hopper is a second refractory layer obtained by casting refractory cement.

[0027] To prevent outside air from entering the reactor through the ash discharge valve during the ash discharge process and affecting the gasification reaction, this design makes the ash discharge valve a dual-valve structure, namely: the ash discharge valve consists of a first valve, a second valve, and a transition section connecting the outlet of the first valve and the inlet of the second valve.

[0028] The syngas obtained from the gasification reaction is at a very high temperature. Therefore, the syngas outlet is connected to a heat exchanger and a dust collector in sequence through a syngas output pipeline to cool and remove dust from the syngas.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are: the steam gasification reactor has the advantages of high gasification efficiency, virtually no tar residue, and virtually no residual carbon residue; the synthesis gas produced by the steam gasification reactor can be directly synthesized into green methanol without the addition of other substances, and can also be used to produce hydrogen. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steam gasification reactor described in this utility model.

[0031] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial structural diagram.

[0032] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A top-view structural diagram of the medium refractory cement casting layer.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the steam gasification reactor described in this utility model, used in conjunction with a heat exchanger and a dust collector.

[0034] in:

[0035] 1. Inner furnace body; 101. Frustum section; 102. Gasification reaction chamber; 103. Ash discharge chamber; 104. Feed inlet; 105. Syngas outlet; 2. Outer furnace body; 201. Refractory brick layer; 202. Metal shell; 203. Gas outlet; 204. Gas inlet; 3. Hollow interlayer; 4. Spiral blades; 5. Gas inlet pipe; 6. Burner; 7. Gas outlet pipe; 8. Steam inlet pipe; 9. Feed auger; 10. Syngas output pipe; 11. First refractory layer; 12. Level gauge; 13. Ash hopper; 14. Second refractory layer; 15. First valve; 16. Transition section; 17. Second valve; 18. Cooling pipeline; 1801. Water inlet end; 1802. Water outlet end; 19. Air cap structure; 1901. Gas outlet hole; 20. Annular pipeline; 21. Refractory cement casting layer; 2101. Ash discharge channel; 2102. Installation channel; 22. Temperature sensor; 100. Steam gasification reactor; 200. Heat exchanger; 300. Dust collector. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0037] Exemplary embodiments will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, these exemplary embodiments may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the scope of this disclosure.

[0038] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0039] The steam gasification reactor 100 described in this embodiment includes: a reactor, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the reactor includes an inner furnace body 1 and an outer furnace body 2, with a closed hollow interlayer 3 formed between the inner furnace body 1 and the outer furnace body 2. An outlet 203 communicating with the hollow interlayer 3 is provided on the top outer wall of the outer furnace body 2, and an outlet pipe 7 is sealed and connected to the outlet 203. An inlet 204 communicating with the hollow interlayer 3 is provided on the bottom outer wall of the outer furnace body 2, and an inlet pipe 6 is sealed and connected to the inlet 204.

[0040] The hollow interlayer 3 is used to introduce high-temperature gas to provide auxiliary heating to the inner furnace body 1, ensuring the gasification reaction temperature within the furnace cavity and improving gasification efficiency. A more preferred embodiment is that the hollow interlayer 3 is provided with several spiral blades 4, with each spiral blade 4 evenly spaced along an upward spiral trajectory. This arrangement increases the path for the high-temperature gas, improves heat exchange efficiency, and further ensures gasification efficiency.

[0041] High-temperature gas can be obtained by burning a portion of the syngas produced by the steam gasification reactor. For example, 10% of the syngas can be introduced into the burner 6 through a pipeline. The burner 6 is located in the inlet pipe 5. The introduced 10% of the syngas is ignited and burned by the burner 6 to produce high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas (temperature is usually around 1000℃) enters the hollow jacket 3 and rises under the guidance of each spiral blade 4, and is finally discharged from the outlet pipe 7.

[0042] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, a feed inlet 104 communicating with the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body 1 is provided on the top outer wall of the inner furnace body 1. The feed inlet 104 is sealed to the outlet of the feed auger 9. A syngas outlet 105 communicating with the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body 1 is provided at the top of the inner furnace body 1. A syngas output pipe 10 is sealed to the syngas outlet 105. The output syngas has a high temperature, so the syngas outlet 105 is connected to the heat exchanger 200 and the dust collector 300 in sequence through the syngas output pipe 10. After being cooled by the heat exchanger 200 and dusted by the dust collector 300, the syngas is output. Figure 4 As shown.

[0043] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, a refractory cement casting layer 21 is provided in the lower section of the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body 1. The refractory cement casting layer 21 divides the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body 1 into two chambers: a gasification reaction chamber 102 and an ash discharge chamber 103.

[0044] A vertically penetrating ash discharge channel 2101 is provided in the middle of the refractory cement casting layer 21; a number of vertically penetrating installation channels 2102 are evenly spaced on the refractory cement casting layer 21, and a wind cap structure 19 is correspondingly provided in each installation channel 2102, and the location of each air outlet 1901 on the wind cap structure 19 extends above the corresponding installation channel 2102.

[0045] The wind cap structure 19 has the following specific structure: the main body is a hollow tube, the top of the hollow tube is closed, and several air outlets 1901 are opened circumferentially on the top side wall of the hollow tube. The bottom of the hollow tube is open to form an air inlet that communicates with the hollow channel in the middle of the hollow tube. In order to make the airflow more evenly dispersed from each air outlet, the top of the hollow channel is set as a conical hole structure.

[0046] An annular pipe 20 is provided in the ash discharge chamber 103. A first connecting hole and several second connecting holes are provided on the annular pipe 20. A steam inlet pipe 8 is sealed and connected to the first connecting hole. The steam inlet pipe 8 passes through the through hole on the reactor and extends out of the reactor. Each second connecting hole corresponds to the position of the air inlet hole at the bottom of each wind cap structure 19, and the air inlet hole at the bottom of each wind cap structure 19 is sealed and connected to the corresponding second connecting hole.

[0047] High-temperature steam (around 800℃) enters each wind cap structure 19 through the steam inlet pipe 8 and the annular pipe 20, and then enters the gasification reaction chamber 102 through each air outlet 1901 on each wind cap structure 19. The wind cap structure 19 is set here to allow the steam to be more evenly distributed in the gasification reaction chamber 102, so that the material entering the gasification reaction chamber 102 can fully contact the steam to undergo a gasification reaction, thereby improving the gasification reaction efficiency. The hollow jacket 3 is used for auxiliary heating to further improve the gasification reaction efficiency.

[0048] Materials such as biomass raw materials and carbon produced from biomass raw materials enter the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body 1 through the feeding auger 9, and come into contact with the steam entering the gasification reaction chamber 102 through the air outlets 1901 on each of the air cap structures 19. The material flows from top to bottom, and the steam flows from bottom to top. The ash after the gasification reaction falls downward through the ash outlet channel 2101, while the syngas after the gasification reaction rises and is discharged outside the reactor through the syngas output pipe 10.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the bottom of the inner furnace body 1 is open to form an opening, and an ash hopper 13 is sealed and installed at the opening. An ash discharge valve is installed at the ash discharge port of the ash hopper 13. To prevent outside air from entering the ash hopper 13 through the ash discharge valve and then flowing upward into the gasification reaction chamber 102, affecting the gasification reaction, this embodiment sets the ash discharge valve as a double valve structure, including: a first valve 15, a second valve 17, and a transition section 16 connecting the outlet of the first valve 15 and the inlet of the second valve 17. When ash needs to be discharged, the first valve 15 is opened first, while the second valve 17 remains closed, and the ash falls into the transition section 16. Then, the first valve 15 is closed, and the second valve 17 is opened again, so that the ash in the transition section 16 can be cleared out.

[0050] A more preferred embodiment is that the top of the inner furnace body 1 protrudes upwards beyond the outer furnace body 2, and the part of the inner furnace body 1 that protrudes beyond the outer furnace body 2 is a frustum section 101 in the shape of a frustum; the synthesis gas outlet 105 is located on the top surface of the frustum section 101; and the feed inlet 104 is located on the side wall of the frustum section 101.

[0051] The entire reactor reacts at high temperatures, so a refractory layer needs to be wrapped around the outside of the reactor. The refractory layer wrapped around the frustum section 101 is a refractory layer made of refractory cement—the first refractory layer 11.

[0052] The refractory layer enclosing the outer furnace body 2 is a refractory brick layer 201. A metal outer shell 202 with several claw studs inside covers the refractory brick layer 201. In actual manufacturing, an additional layer of insulation cotton can be added between the refractory brick layer 201 and the metal outer shell 202. The refractory layer enclosing the ash hopper 13 is a second refractory layer 14, which is a refractory layer obtained by casting refractory cement.

[0053] The ash produced by gasification has a high temperature. Therefore, in this embodiment, a cooling pipe 18 is provided in the inner cavity of the ash discharge hopper 13. The inlet end 1801 of the cooling pipe 18 passes through the first connecting through hole on the ash discharge hopper 13 and the second connecting through hole on the second refractory layer 14, and then extends out of the second refractory layer 14. The outlet end 1802 of the cooling pipe 18 passes through the third connecting through hole on the ash discharge hopper 13 and the fourth connecting through hole on the second refractory layer 14, and then extends out of the second refractory layer 14. The cooling medium enters the cooling pipe 18 through the inlet end 1801 to cool the ash in the ash discharge hopper 13, and then flows out through the outlet end 1802 of the cooling pipe 18.

[0054] To facilitate a direct understanding of the material level and temperature inside the inner furnace body 1, this embodiment includes a level gauge 12 on the reactor for measuring the material level entering the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body 1; and a temperature sensor 22 on the reactor for measuring the temperature inside the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body 1.

[0055] The aforementioned steam gasification reactor has advantages such as high gasification efficiency, virtually no tar residue, and virtually no residual carbon residue. The syngas produced by this steam gasification reactor can be directly used to synthesize green methanol without the addition of other substances, and can also be used to produce hydrogen.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any other way. Any modifications or equivalent changes made based on the technical essence of the present utility model shall still fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present utility model.

Claims

1. A steam gasification reactor, comprising: A reactor, characterized in that: the reactor includes an inner furnace body and an outer furnace body, and a closed hollow interlayer is formed between the inner furnace body and the outer furnace body; An air outlet communicating with the hollow interlayer is provided on the outer wall of the top of the outer furnace body, and an air outlet pipe is sealed and connected to the air outlet; an air inlet communicating with the hollow interlayer is provided on the outer wall of the bottom of the outer furnace body, and an air inlet pipe is sealed and connected to the air inlet. A feed inlet communicating with the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body is provided on the outer side wall of the top of the inner furnace body, and the feed inlet is sealed to the outlet of the feed auger. A syngas outlet communicating with the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body is provided at the top of the inner furnace body, and a syngas output pipe is sealed and connected at the syngas outlet. A refractory cement casting layer is provided in the lower section of the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body, which divides the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body into two chambers: a gasification reaction chamber and an ash discharge chamber. An ash discharge channel that runs vertically through the middle of the refractory cement casting layer is provided. Several vertically penetrating installation channels are evenly spaced on the refractory cement casting layer. A wind cap structure is correspondingly provided in each installation channel, and the air outlets on the wind cap structure extend above the corresponding installation channel. An annular pipe is provided in the ash discharge chamber. A first connection hole and several second connection holes are provided in the annular pipe. A steam inlet pipe is sealed and connected to the first connection hole. The steam inlet pipe passes through the through hole on the reactor and extends out of the reactor. Each second connection hole corresponds to the position of the air inlet hole at the bottom of each wind cap structure, and the air inlet hole at the bottom of each wind cap structure is sealed and connected to the corresponding second connection hole. The bottom of the inner furnace body is open to form an opening, and an ash hopper is sealed and installed at the opening. An ash discharge valve is installed at the ash discharge port of the ash hopper. The reactor is wrapped with a refractory layer, and the outlet pipe, inlet pipe, steam inlet pipe, and feed auger inlet all extend outside the refractory layer.

2. The steam gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several helical blades are provided in the hollow interlayer, and each helical blade is evenly spaced along a spiral trajectory that spirals upward from bottom to top.

3. The steam gasification reactor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A burner is installed in the air intake pipe.

4. The steam gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the inner furnace body protrudes upwards from the outer furnace body, and the part of the inner furnace body that protrudes from the outer furnace body is a frustum-shaped section. The syngas outlet is located on the top surface of the frustum section; The feed inlet is located on the side wall of the frustum section.

5. The steam gasification reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The refractory layer surrounding the truncated cone section is the first refractory layer, which is made by casting refractory cement. The refractory layer enclosing the outer furnace body is a refractory brick layer, and a metal shell with several claw-shaped studs inside covers the refractory brick layer.

6. The steam gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A level gauge is installed on the reactor to measure the material level in the furnace cavity that enters the inner furnace body; A temperature sensor is installed on the reactor to measure the temperature in the furnace cavity of the inner furnace body.

7. The steam gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cooling pipe is installed in the inner cavity of the ash discharge hopper. The inlet end of the cooling pipe passes through the first connecting through hole on the ash discharge hopper and the second connecting through hole on the refractory layer covering the ash discharge hopper, and then extends out of the refractory layer covering the ash discharge hopper. The outlet end of the cooling pipe passes through the third connecting through hole on the ash discharge hopper and the fourth connecting through hole on the refractory layer covering the ash discharge hopper, and then extends out of the refractory layer covering the ash discharge hopper.

8. The steam gasification reactor according to claim 1, 4, or 7, characterized in that: The refractory layer surrounding the ash hopper is a second refractory layer made of refractory cement.

9. The steam gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ash discharge valve consists of a first valve, a second valve, and a transition section connecting the outlet of the first valve and the inlet of the second valve.

10. The steam gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The syngas outlet is connected to the heat exchanger and dust collector in sequence via the syngas output pipeline.

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