Multi-pass slagging gasifier with central jet

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of multi-path slag discharge gasification furnace with central jet, comprising: furnace body, carbonaceous material import, conical distributor, fluidization gas import, central jet pipe, slag discharge pipe, powder discharge port, slag falling inclined pipe, synthetic gas outlet and gas-solid separation equipment;The furnace body is divided into dilute phase zone, dense phase zone, high-temperature oxidation zone, plenum and cold slag chamber from top to bottom.The utility model separates central jet pipe and slag discharge pipe, improves air inlet mode, optimizes slag discharge system, and avoids damage of central jet pipe under high temperature.Gasification furnace device has simple structure, no fine powder is discharged during the whole gas production process, has high gasification efficiency, and is easy to realize long-period stable operation of equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of carbonaceous material gasification technology, and in particular to a multi-channel slag discharge gasifier with a central jet. Background Technology

[0002] The drawback of traditional fluidized bed gasifiers is the high emission of fly ash in the syngas, and the high residual carbon content of the fly ash, which restricts the efficient conversion of carbonaceous materials. Therefore, a new structure and method are needed to improve the conversion efficiency of gasifiers.

[0003] Existing technologies provide multi-channel ash discharge gasifiers with a central jet, enabling secondary gasification of fly ash in a high-temperature oxidation zone, increasing the carbon conversion rate from 85% to over 98%. However, due to the structural characteristics of fluidized bed gasifiers in existing technologies, the central jet tube is located inside the ash discharge tube. Under high-temperature conditions, the central jet tube is easily damaged, seriously affecting the long-term stable operation of the gasifier. Utility Model Content

[0004] This utility model addresses the problem that the central jet pipe of fluidized bed syngas production equipment is easily damaged at high temperatures. The technical solution adopted is: a multi-channel slag discharge gasifier with a central jet, comprising: a furnace body, a carbonaceous material inlet, a conical distributor, a fluidizing gas inlet, a central jet pipe, a slag discharge pipe, a powder discharge port, a slag discharge inclined pipe, a syngas outlet, and a gas-solid separation device.

[0005] The furnace body is divided into a dilute phase zone, a dense phase zone, a high-temperature oxidation zone, a gas chamber, and a cold slag chamber from top to bottom. The carbonaceous material inlet is located at the lower part of the dense phase zone. The bottom of the dense phase zone is equipped with a conical distributor with air holes. The furnace body is equipped with a low-temperature return powder pipe connected to the low-temperature return powder port on the conical distributor. The gas chamber is equipped with a fluidizing gas inlet and a powder discharge port. The cold slag chamber is located at the bottom of the furnace body. The slag discharge pipe and the central jet pipe are respectively connected to different positions of the conical distributor. The upper end of the slag discharge pipe is connected to the conical distributor, and the lower end extends into the cold slag chamber. One end of the central jet pipe is connected to the bottom of the conical distributor to connect to the high-temperature oxidation zone, and the other end is connected to the outside of the furnace body. The bottom of the cold slag chamber is a slag falling inclined pipe. The top of the furnace body is equipped with a synthesis gas outlet connected to the gas-solid separation equipment.

[0006] A further improvement is that the syngas outlet is connected to the gas inlet of the gas-solid separation equipment through the gasifier outlet pipe, and the feed pipe of the gas-solid separation equipment is connected to the fine powder return port on the furnace body through a gas-solid valve.

[0007] A further improvement is that the bottom end of the feed pipe is connected to the high-temperature return powder port on the conical distributor via an ejector tube.

[0008] A further improvement is that the cold slag chamber is equipped with a pressure stabilizing pipe connected to the outside of the furnace body.

[0009] A further improvement is that the diameter of the dense phase region of the furnace body is smaller than the diameter of the dilute phase region.

[0010] A further improvement is that the conical distributor is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, and the conical distributor has multiple air holes distributed in a ring from top to bottom.

[0011] A further improvement is made in that the diameter of the pores gradually increases from top to bottom.

[0012] A further improvement is that the pores are distributed in a circular pattern, and multiple rings of the pores are provided along the conical distributor from top to bottom.

[0013] A further improvement is made to the case where, in two adjacent rings of air holes on the conical distributor, the diameter of the upper ring of air holes is less than or equal to the diameter of the lower ring of air holes.

[0014] A further improvement is that the angle between the direction of the air vent and the side wall of the conical distributor is 30° to 90°.

[0015] A further improvement is that the central axes of the low-temperature powder return port and the high-temperature powder return port intersect at a point with the central axis of the central jet pipe in the high-temperature oxidation zone.

[0016] A further improvement is that the gas chamber is equipped with a water spray ring pipe, which is connected to the cold slag chamber via a pipeline.

[0017] A further improvement is that a cooling gas inlet pipe is provided in the middle part of the cold slag chamber, and a cooling ring pipe that connects to the top of the cooling gas inlet pipe is connected to the cold slag chamber.

[0018] A further improvement is that the cooling ring pipe is provided with multiple downward-sloping air passages.

[0019] A further improvement is that a tapered protrusion is provided on the outer wall of the middle part of the cooling ring pipe.

[0020] A further improvement is that the furnace body is lined with one or more of the following: refractory castable, refractory bricks, and water-cooled walls.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0022] This utility model provides a multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet, which separates the central jet pipe from the ash discharge pipe, improves the gas intake method, optimizes the ash discharge system, and avoids damage to the central jet pipe at high temperatures. The gasifier device has a simple structure, no fine powder is discharged during the entire gasification process, the gasification efficiency is high, and it is easy to achieve long-term stable operation of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-channel slag discharge gasifier with a central jet of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling ring pipe structure of this utility model.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Furnace body; 101. Dilute phase zone; 102. Dense phase zone; 103. High-temperature oxidation zone; 104. Gas chamber; 105. Cold slag chamber; 121. Syngas outlet; 122. Slag discharge inclined pipe; 123. Cooling gas inlet pipe; 124. Cooling ring pipe; 1241. Gas passage; 1242. Cavity; 112. Carbonaceous material inlet; 231. Conical distributor; 2. Gas-solid separation equipment; 201. Gas-solid separation equipment inlet; 2 02. Gas outlet of gas-solid separation equipment; 211. Feed pipe; 212. Fine powder return port; 213. High-temperature powder return port; 214. Fluidizing gas inlet; 215. Powder discharge port; 216. Slag discharge pipe; 217. Slag discharge pipe; 218. Water spray ring pipe; 219. Injector pipe; 220. Pressure stabilizing pipe; 221. Gasifier outlet pipe; 222. Central jet pipe; 233. Low-temperature powder return port; 234. Low-temperature powder return pipe; 235. Gas-solid valve. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the present invention.

[0028] In the description of the utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the utility model.

[0029] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of a utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0030] In utility models, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides a multi-channel slag discharge gasifier with a central jet, including: furnace body 1, carbonaceous material inlet 112, conical distributor 231, fluidizing gas inlet 214, central jet pipe 222, slag discharge pipe 216 (217), powder discharge port 215, slag falling inclined pipe 122, syngas outlet 121 and gas-solid separation device 2;

[0033] The furnace body is divided into a dilute phase zone 101, a dense phase zone 102, a high-temperature oxidation zone 103, a gas chamber 104, and a cold slag chamber 105 from top to bottom. The carbonaceous material inlet 112 is located at the lower part of the dense phase zone 102. The bottom of the dense phase zone 102 is provided with a conical distributor 231, which has air holes. The furnace body 1 is provided with a low-temperature return powder pipe 234 connected to the low-temperature return powder port 233 on the conical distributor 231. The gas chamber 104 is provided with a fluidizing gas inlet 214 and a powder discharge port 215. The cold slag chamber 105 is located at the bottom of the furnace body 1. There are two slag pipes 216 (217). The slag discharge pipes 216 (217) and the central jet pipe 222 are respectively connected to different positions of the conical distributor 231. The upper end of the slag discharge pipe 216 (217) is connected to the conical distributor 231, and the lower end extends into the cold slag chamber 105. One end of the central jet pipe 222 is connected to the bottom of the conical distributor 231 to connect to the high-temperature oxidation zone 103, and the other end is connected to the outside of the furnace body 1. The bottom end of the cold slag chamber 105 is the slag falling inclined pipe 122, and the top of the furnace body 1 is provided with the synthesis gas outlet 121 connected to the gas-solid separation device 2. The top of the cold slag chamber 105 is separated from the gas chamber 104 by a dome structure. One to four slag discharge pipes can be set to effectively prevent the gasifier from stopping due to blockage of a slag discharge pipe, thereby improving the operating rate of the gasifier.

[0034] This invention separates the central jet pipe from the slag discharge pipe, improves the gas intake method, optimizes the slag discharge system, and avoids damage to the central jet pipe at high temperatures. The gasifier device has a simple structure, with no fine powder discharged during the entire gasification process, high gasification efficiency, and is easy to achieve long-term stable operation.

[0035] A further improvement is that the top of the furnace body 1 is provided with a syngas outlet 121 that connects to the gas inlet 201 of the gas-solid separation device. The two are connected by a gasifier outlet pipe 221. The feed pipe 211 of the gas-solid separation device 2 is connected to the fine powder return port 212 on the furnace body 1 through a gas-solid valve 235. The gas-solid valve 235 has an N-shaped pipeline to prevent material in the gasifier (furnace body 1) from flowing back into the cyclone. One or more carbonaceous material inlets and fine powder return ports are provided on the side wall of the furnace body at the lower part of the dense phase zone and the upper part of the conical distributor. After the coarse powder particles carried in the syngas at the gasifier outlet are captured by the gas-solid separation device, they are returned to the gasifier through the return port for secondary reaction.

[0036] A further improvement is that the bottom end of the feed pipe 211 is connected to the high-temperature return powder port 213 on the conical distributor 231 via an ejector pipe 219.

[0037] A further improvement is that a pressure stabilizing pipe 220 connected to the outside of the furnace body 1 is provided inside the cold slag chamber 105. This can effectively control the pressure in the cold slag chamber, prevent pressure fluctuations, and ensure smooth slag discharge.

[0038] A further improvement is that the diameter of the dense phase region 102 of the furnace body 1 is smaller than the diameter of the dilute phase region 101. The small volume of the dense phase region is beneficial to increasing the reaction concentration, and the main reaction is gasification reduction. The reaction temperature is 700-1200℃ and the reaction pressure is 0-8.0 MPaG. The large volume of the dilute phase region is beneficial to reducing the solid concentration and the gas velocity, which can achieve preliminary gas-solid separation. The solid ash continues to react in the dense phase region, while the gas rises further and leaves the gasifier.

[0039] A further improvement is made to the conical distributor 231, which is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, and has multiple air holes arranged in a ring from top to bottom. The conical distributor is inverted cone shape, with the wide end connected to the side wall of the furnace body and the narrow end connected to the slag discharge pipe.

[0040] A further improvement is made in that the diameter of the pores gradually increases from top to bottom.

[0041] A further improvement is that the pores are distributed in a circular pattern, and multiple rings of the pores are provided along the conical distributor from top to bottom.

[0042] A further improvement is made to the conical distributor, where the diameter of the upper ring of air holes is less than or equal to the diameter of the lower ring of air holes in two adjacent rings. The conical distributor has 10-20 rings of air holes, each ring with a small hole diameter of 1mm-20mm, and all rings have equal diameters, but the diameter of the upper air holes is less than or equal to the diameter of the lower air holes. The air holes are evenly distributed with a spacing of 50-150mm. Specifically, the diameter of the air holes can gradually increase from top to bottom along the conical distributor. This is because the pressure is lower at the top of the conical distributor, allowing gas to pass through easily, while the pressure is higher at the bottom, resulting in greater gas resistance and making it difficult for gas to pass through. The distribution of smaller air holes at the top and larger ones at the bottom ensures that the gas exits at a relatively constant speed, resulting in good fluidization. However, to reduce processing costs, the diameter of the air holes can be the same for every 2-6 rings.

[0043] A further improvement is that the angle between the direction of the air vents and the side wall of the conical distributor is 30° to 90°. This ensures that the fluidizing gas passes through the distributor at a constant velocity, resulting in uniform fluidization of the bed material and reducing the likelihood of slagging.

[0044] A further improvement is that the central axes of the low-temperature powder return port 233 and the high-temperature powder return port 213 intersect with the central axis of the central jet pipe 222 at a point in the high-temperature oxidation zone, where the temperature is highest and the oxygen concentration is greatest, thus ensuring efficient gasification of fine powder with low activity.

[0045] A further improvement is made by installing a water spray ring pipe 218 inside the gas chamber 104, which is connected to the cold slag chamber 105 via a pipeline. This can effectively reduce the temperature of the high-temperature slag to below 400℃. By spraying water to cool it down, the slag discharge temperature can be rapidly reduced, reducing equipment investment and increasing reliability.

[0046] A further improvement is that a cooling gas inlet pipe 123 is provided in the middle of the cold slag chamber 105, and the top end of the cooling gas inlet pipe 123 is connected to a cooling ring pipe 124 that communicates with the inside of the cold slag chamber 105. The high-temperature slag is cooled by introducing cooling gas.

[0047] A further improvement is made to provide multiple downwardly inclined air passages 1241 on the cooling ring pipe 124 to prevent high-temperature slag from clogging the air outlet. One end of all the air passages 1241 is connected to the cold slag chamber, while the other end converges into a cavity 1242. The middle part of the cavity 1242 is provided with an upward protrusion, and the top end of the cooling air inlet pipe 123 extends into the protrusion.

[0048] A further improvement is that a conical protrusion is provided on the outer wall of the middle section of the cooling ring pipe 124. The protrusion structure is made of refractory material for two reasons: first, to protect the cooling pipe from wear by high-temperature slag; and second, to form a certain cone angle to better distribute the high-temperature slag evenly to the slag-falling inclined pipe.

[0049] A further improvement is made to the furnace body 1, which is lined with one or more of the following: refractory casting material, refractory bricks, and water-cooled walls. This structure can isolate high-temperature gases from the environment, preventing workers from being burned by excessively high metal wall temperatures; at the same time, reducing the metal wall temperature can reduce the thickness of the pressure-bearing shell, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] This invention proposes a multi-channel slag discharge gasifier with a central jet. The main body of the gasifier (furnace body 1) includes a dilute phase zone 101, a dense phase zone 102, a high-temperature oxidation zone 103, a gas chamber 104, and a cold slag chamber 105. Fluidizing gas (steam, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, syngas, and / or a small amount of oxygen) enters the gas chamber 104 from the fluidizing gas inlet 214 on the side wall of the lower gas chamber 104, and then enters the dense phase zone 102 of the gasifier through small holes on the conical distributor 231. The fluidizing gas fluidizes the material in the furnace, controls the bed temperature, and reacts with carbonaceous material from the carbonaceous material inlet 112 and fine powder particles from the fine powder return port 212. The particles from the fine powder return port are fine powder collected by the gas-solid separation device 2. The reaction temperature in the dense phase zone 102 is 750-1100℃.

[0052] Oxidizing agent (oxygen and / or air, steam and / or nitrogen) enters the high-temperature oxidation zone 103 through the central jet pipe 222. The oxidizing agent reacts with carbon-containing fine powder from the low-temperature return powder port 233 and the high-temperature return powder port 213. The reaction temperature in the high-temperature oxidation zone is 1200-1300℃. The low-temperature return powder comes from the dust collector of the subsequent system, and the high-temperature return powder comes from the gas-solid separation device 2. The ash residue after the reaction of carbon-containing materials and fine powder is discharged into the cold slag chamber 105 through the slag outlets 216 and 217 on the conical distributor. The cold slag chamber is equipped with a water spray ring pipe 218, where low-temperature liquid water can cool the high-temperature slag to below 400℃. The generated steam is returned to the gasifier through the slag discharge pipes 216 and 217 to participate in the reaction. The cold slag chamber is equipped with a pressure stabilizing pipe 220 to prevent pressure fluctuations. The cooled slag is discharged from the gasifier through the slag falling inclined pipe 122. The lower part of the gasifier's cold slag chamber is equipped with a cooling gas pipe 123, through which inert gases such as steam, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen can be introduced. This cooling gas enters the cold slag chamber through 4-16 small holes 124 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction to further cool the high-temperature slag.

[0053] The diameter of the dilute phase zone at the top of the gasifier is larger than that of the dense phase zone, and the gas velocity in the dilute phase zone is lower than that in the dense phase zone, which is conducive to the initial separation of gas and solid. The high-temperature syngas (750-1200℃) generated by the dense phase zone mainly includes carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, etc. It enters the gas-solid separation device 2 through the syngas outlet 121 at the top of the gasifier to collect fine particles. The fine particles enter the gasifier 1 through the feed pipe 211 of the gas-solid separation device for secondary reaction. The syngas enters the waste heat recovery system from the gas outlet 202 of the gas-solid separation device.

[0054] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of this utility model, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of this utility model. The technical scope of this utility model is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet, characterized in that, include: Furnace body, carbonaceous material inlet, conical distributor, fluidizing gas inlet, central jet pipe, slag discharge pipe, powder discharge port, slag drop inclined pipe, syngas outlet and gas-solid separation equipment; The furnace body is divided into a dilute phase zone, a dense phase zone, a high-temperature oxidation zone, a gas chamber, and a cold slag chamber from top to bottom. The carbonaceous material inlet is located at the lower part of the dense phase zone. The bottom of the dense phase zone is equipped with a conical distributor with air holes. The furnace body is equipped with a low-temperature return powder pipe connected to the low-temperature return powder port on the conical distributor. The gas chamber is equipped with a fluidizing gas inlet and a powder discharge port. The cold slag chamber is located at the bottom of the furnace body. The slag discharge pipe and the central jet pipe are respectively connected to different positions of the conical distributor. The upper end of the slag discharge pipe is connected to the conical distributor, and the lower end extends into the cold slag chamber. One end of the central jet pipe is connected to the bottom of the conical distributor to connect to the high-temperature oxidation zone, and the other end is connected to the outside of the furnace body. The bottom of the cold slag chamber is a slag falling inclined pipe. The top of the furnace body is equipped with a synthesis gas outlet connected to the gas-solid separation equipment.

2. The multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The syngas outlet is connected to the gas inlet of the gas-solid separation equipment through the gasifier outlet pipe, and the feed pipe of the gas-solid separation equipment is connected to the fine powder return port on the furnace body through a gas-solid valve.

3. The multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom end of the feed pipe is connected to the high-temperature return powder port on the conical distributor via an ejector tube.

4. The multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The cold slag chamber is equipped with a pressure stabilizing pipe that connects to the outside of the furnace body.

5. The multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The diameter of the dense phase region of the furnace body is smaller than the diameter of the dilute phase region.

6. The multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The conical distributor is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, and has multiple air holes arranged in a ring from top to bottom.

7. The multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet according to claim 6, characterized in that, The diameter of the pores gradually increases from top to bottom.

8. The multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet according to claim 7, characterized in that, The pores are distributed in a circular pattern, and multiple rings of the pores are provided along the conical distributor from top to bottom.

9. The multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the conical distributor, among two adjacent rings of air holes, the diameter of the upper ring of air holes is less than or equal to the diameter of the lower ring of air holes.

10. The multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet according to claim 6, characterized in that, The angle between the direction of the air vent and the side wall of the conical distributor is 30° to 90°.

11. The multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet according to claim 3, characterized in that, The central axes of the low-temperature powder return port and the high-temperature powder return port intersect at a point with the central axis of the central jet pipe in the high-temperature oxidation zone.

12. The multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas chamber is equipped with a water spray ring pipe, which is connected to the cold slag chamber via a pipeline.

13. The multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet according to claim 1, characterized in that, A cooling gas inlet pipe is provided in the middle of the cold slag chamber, and a cooling ring pipe that connects to the top of the cooling gas inlet pipe is connected to the cold slag chamber.

14. The multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet according to claim 13, characterized in that, The cooling ring pipe is provided with multiple downward-sloping air passages.

15. The multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet according to claim 13, characterized in that, The cooling ring pipe has a tapered protrusion on its outer wall in the middle.

16. The multi-channel ash discharge gasifier with a central jet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The furnace body is lined with one or more of the following: refractory refractory material, refractory bricks, and water-cooled walls.

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