A device for assisting TBM tunnel excavation by pre-splitting with a shaped charge cutter

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of device of energy-gathering cutter pre-splitting auxiliary TBM tunnel excavation, and it significantly improves the excavation efficiency of hard rock tunnel by the synergistic effect of energy-gathering cutter and TBM cutterhead: energy-gathering groove and cutterhead coaxial design ensure that blasting energy is concentrated release, reduce the strength of hard rock mass;Rear cover can be opened and closed to cooperate with multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical arm;It can effectively realize the accurate installation of energy-gathering cutter, adapt to different blasting requirements;The device can greatly reduce tool wear and improve the driving speed by energy-gathering pre-splitting and mechanical cutter rock breaking;Form a "pre-splitting-crushing-supporting" integrated operation mode, especially suitable for efficient and low-damage excavation of high-strength rock stratum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel excavation technology, specifically to a device for TBM tunnel excavation assisted by a shaped charge cutter pre-splitting mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread application of full-face tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in underground engineering projects such as water conservancy, transportation, and subway, we face a series of unfavorable conditions such as hard or extremely hard rock masses and complex geological conditions. How to innovate TBM equipment to achieve efficient tunneling is a technical challenge faced by engineering construction personnel.

[0003] The central area of ​​a traditional TBM cutterhead has a small cutter radius and a lower linear velocity compared to the outer cutter ring. During rock breaking, it often experiences abnormal torque and radial impact force, leading to increased wear and tear and reduced rock breaking efficiency in the central area. Utility Model Content

[0004] Based on the above description, this utility model provides a device for TBM tunnel excavation assisted by a pre-splitting energy cutter, in order to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the central area of ​​the TBM cutterhead is used for pure mechanical cutting, resulting in large tool wear and low rock breaking efficiency.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0006] A device for TBM tunnel excavation assisted by a shaped charge cutter pre-splitting system includes a rock breaking system, a propulsion and support system, a muck removal system, and a support system.

[0007] The rock-breaking system includes a rock-breaking TBM cutterhead, a shaped charge blasting assembly, and a rotary drive unit. The rock-breaking TBM cutterhead includes a disc body and mechanical cutters. Multiple annular shaped charge grooves are formed on the disc body, and the axes of all the shaped charge grooves coincide with the axis of the disc body. A selectively openable or closable rear cover is provided on the side of each shaped charge groove near the rear end of the disc body. The shaped charge blasting assembly includes a robotic arm, a robotic arm guide rail, an annular slide rail, and a shaped charge cutter. The annular slide rail is fitted onto the outside of the TBM main beam. The robotic arm guide rail is movably mounted on the annular slide rail along the circumference of the TBM main beam. At least two robotic arms are movably mounted on the robotic arm guide rail along the axial direction of the TBM main beam. The shaped charge cutter is annular and is configured to correspond to the shaped charge grooves. The rotary drive unit is connected to the rear end of the disc body and is used to drive the disc body to rotate.

[0008] The propulsion and support system is connected to the rock-breaking system and is used for the propulsion and support of the rock-breaking system; the slag discharge system is used to transport the rock slag generated by rock breaking to the outside; and the support system is used to form support when the rock-breaking system is performing rock-breaking work.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0010] The device for TBM tunnel excavation assisted by the shaped charge cutter pre-splitting mechanism provided in this application significantly improves the excavation efficiency of hard rock tunnels through the synergistic effect of the shaped charge cutter and the TBM cutterhead: the coaxial design of the shaped charge groove and the cutterhead ensures concentrated release of blasting energy, reducing the strength of hard rock mass; the openable and closable rear cover can be used with a multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm; it can effectively achieve precise installation of the shaped charge cutter and adapt to different blasting needs; the device can greatly reduce tool wear and increase tunneling speed by synergistically breaking rock with shaped charge pre-splitting and mechanical cutters; it forms an integrated operation mode of "pre-splitting-breaking-support", which is especially suitable for efficient and low-damage excavation of high-strength rock strata.

[0011] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0012] Furthermore, each of the aforementioned annular energy-concentrating cutters is formed by splicing together multiple separable arc-shaped energy-concentrating units, and the rear cover is formed by splicing together multiple separable arc-shaped segments to form an annulus, with the mechanical cutter positioned between two adjacent energy-concentrating grooves.

[0013] Furthermore, the arc-shaped shaped charge unit includes a plastic shell, a metal shaped charge liner, and explosives. The explosives are encapsulated in a sealed space formed by the plastic shell and the metal shaped charge liner. Each arc-shaped shaped charge unit is connected to a detonating cord for detonation.

[0014] Furthermore, the two side walls of the energy-concentrating groove are provided with thick-walled protective shells, and the thick-walled protective shells form a retaining edge at the position corresponding to the front opening of the energy-concentrating groove. The rear cover is detachably disposed at the position corresponding to the rear opening of the energy-concentrating groove on the thick-walled protective shell.

[0015] Furthermore, the mechanical cutter is mounted radially along the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead.

[0016] Furthermore, the propulsion and support system includes a bottom support shoe, a main support shoe, a propulsion hydraulic cylinder, and a rear support. Both the bottom support shoe and the main support shoe are connected to the main beam and can extend and retract radially along the TBM main beam to selectively support or detach from the surrounding rock. The bottom support shoe is located near the front end of the main beam, and the main support shoe is located near the middle of the main beam. One end of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder is connected to the main support shoe, and the other end is connected to the main beam, for driving the propulsion of the main beam during excavation. The rear support is located at the rear of the TBM main beam to provide support during the TBM displacement phase.

[0017] Furthermore, the slag removal system includes a slag collection ring, a belt conveyor, and a belt conveyor support frame; multiple buckets are provided near the edge of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead, the slag collection ring is located at the rear end of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead and is used to collect rock slag that slides off the buckets, the belt conveyor is mounted on the main beam via the belt conveyor support frame, one end of the belt conveyor is connected to the slag collection ring, and the other end extends to the rear end of the TBM.

[0018] Furthermore, the support system includes a top shield and a steering support shoe; the top shield is located at the top rear of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead, and the steering support shoe is located on the side rear of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a device for TBM tunnel excavation assisted by a shaped charge cutter pre-splitting mechanism, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a front view of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the splicing of the energy-concentrating cutter in the embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the energy-concentrating cutter installed in the energy-concentrating groove in an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the working face after shaped charge blasting and mechanical cutting in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the state of a mechanical tool cutting the working face in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first stage of use in the embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the second stage of use in the embodiments of this application;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the third stage of use in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0030] like Figure 1-6 As shown in the figure, this application provides a device for TBM tunnel excavation assisted by a shaped charge cutter pre-splitting system, which includes a rock breaking system 100, a propulsion and support system, a slag removal system, and a support system.

[0031] The rock-breaking system 100 includes a rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110, a shaped charge blasting assembly 120, and a rotary drive unit 130.

[0032] The rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110 includes a disc body 111 and a mechanical cutter 112. Preferably, the mechanical cutter 112 is installed radially along the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110.

[0033] Multiple annular energy-concentrating grooves 113 are formed on the disk body 111, and the axis of all the energy-concentrating grooves 113 coincides with the axis of the disk body 111.

[0034] The energy-concentrating groove 113 has a back cover 114 that can be selectively opened or closed on one side near the rear end of the disc body 111.

[0035] The shaped charge blasting assembly 120 includes a robotic arm 121, a robotic arm guide rail 122, a circular slide rail 123, and a shaped charge cutter 124. The circular slide rail 123 is fitted onto the outside of the TBM main beam 500. The robotic arm guide rail 122 is movably mounted on the circular slide rail 123 along the circumference of the TBM main beam 500. The robotic arms 121 are movably mounted on the robotic arm guide rail 122 one-to-one along the axial direction of the TBM main beam 500. At least two robotic arms 121 are provided.

[0036] The dual-degree-of-freedom motion system, consisting of circumferential positioning of the circular slide rail 123 and axial adjustment of the robotic arm guide rail 122, enables flexible control of the robotic arm 121's movement in both the circumferential and axial directions of the TBM main beam 500. This ensures precise placement of the energy-concentrating cutter 124 across its entire cross-section, and the collaborative operation of multiple robotic arms 121 effectively improves the placement efficiency of the energy-concentrating cutter 124.

[0037] In the embodiments of this application, the energy-concentrating cutter 124 is annular and is configured to correspond to the energy-concentrating groove 113; the rotation drive unit 130 is connected to the rear end of the disc body 111 and is used to drive the disc body 111 to rotate.

[0038] Preferably, each annular energy-concentrating cutter 124 is formed by splicing together multiple separable arc-shaped energy-concentrating units 125, and the rear cover 114 is formed by splicing together multiple separable arc-shaped segments to form an annulus. The cutting trajectory of the mechanical cutter 112 is between two adjacent energy-concentrating grooves 113.

[0039] The detachable arc-shaped energy-concentrating unit 125 facilitates transportation and partial replacement. When a single unit is damaged, only the corresponding section needs to be replaced, reducing maintenance costs. The split arc-shaped rear cover ensures the stability of the disc 111 during the installation of the energy-concentrating cutter 124. At the same time, it can be opened and closed independently in sections, selectively opening for slag discharge or sealing for protection after blasting.

[0040] In the embodiments of this application, the arc-shaped energy-conducting unit 125 includes a plastic shell 1251, a metal shaped charge liner 1252, and an explosive 1253. The explosive 1253 is encapsulated in a sealed space formed by the plastic shell 1251 and the metal shaped charge liner 1252. Each arc-shaped energy-conducting unit 125 is connected to a detonating cord for detonation.

[0041] In the embodiments of this application, thick-walled protective shells 115 are provided on both sides of the energy-concentrating groove 113. A retaining edge 1151 is formed on the thick-walled protective shell 115 at the position corresponding to the front opening of the energy-concentrating groove 113 to ensure that the arc-shaped energy-concentrating unit 125 is installed in place. The rear cover 114 is detachably provided at the position corresponding to the rear opening of the energy-concentrating groove 113 on the thick-walled protective shell 115.

[0042] The propulsion and support system is connected to the rock breaking system 100; the propulsion and support system includes a bottom support shoe 210, a main support shoe 220, a propulsion hydraulic cylinder 230, and a rear support 240.

[0043] Both the bottom support shoe 210 and the main support shoe 220 are connected to the TBM main beam 500 and can extend and retract radially along the TBM main beam 500 to selectively support or detach from the surrounding rock. The bottom support shoe 210 is located near the front end of the TBM main beam 500, and the main support shoe 220 is located near the middle of the TBM main beam 500. One end of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder 230 is connected to the main support shoe 220, and the other end is connected to the TBM main beam 500. It provides thrust for the cutterhead to break the rock and drives the TBM main beam 500 to advance. The rear support 240 is located at the rear of the TBM main beam 500 and is used to provide support during the TBM displacement stage. During the TBM excavation stage, the rear support 240 retracts. During the TBM displacement stage, the rear support 240 extends and contacts the surrounding rock to provide stable support for the TBM and ensure that the TBM moves forward as a whole.

[0044] The slag removal system is used to transport the rock slag generated from rock breaking to the outside; the slag removal system includes a slag collection ring 310, a belt conveyor 320 and a belt conveyor support frame 330.

[0045] Multiple buckets 116 are located near the edge of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110. A slag collection ring 310 is located at the rear end of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110 to collect rock slag that slides down from the buckets 116, ensuring that the rock slag slides down in a designated direction and onto the belt conveyor 320. The belt conveyor 320 is generally made of belt and is mounted on the TBM main beam via a belt conveyor support frame 330. One end of the belt conveyor 320 is connected to the slag collection ring 310, and the other end extends to the rear end of the TBM main beam.

[0046] The support system is used to provide support when the rock-breaking system 100 is performing rock-breaking work.

[0047] The support system includes a top shield 410 and a steering shoe 420. The top shield 410 is positioned on top of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110 to protect personnel in a certain area behind the cutterhead. The steering shoe 420 is positioned on the side of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110 to protect the TBM's sides and is used to adjust the TBM's tunneling direction.

[0048] In practical use, the velocity and duration of the shaped charge jet can be changed by altering parameters such as the type of explosive, charge quantity, shaped charge liner structure, and detonation height of the annular shaped charge cutter 124, thereby controlling the depth to which the shaped charge jet penetrates the rock.

[0049] This application achieves this by rationally arranging the relative positions of the mechanical cutter 112 and the shaped charge jet cutting groove, ensuring that the cutting trajectory of the mechanical cutter 112 lies in the middle of the cutting groove formed by the jets of two adjacent annular shaped charge cutters. Subsequently, the TBM cutterhead 110 follows, and due to the pre-damaging effect of the cutting groove on the tunnel face, the rock-breaking force of the mechanical cutter 112 is greatly reduced during the cutting process, allowing for rapid cutting of the tunnel face rock mass, thereby achieving efficient rock breaking by the TBM. After the annular shaped charge cutter 124 completes the shaped charge blasting and the mechanical cutter 124 has completely broken the rock mass within the range affected by the cutting groove, a new annular shaped charge cutter 124 is loaded using the robotic arm located behind the cutterhead, and the annular shaped charge cutter 124 is activated again to continue weakening the tunnel face. This cycle is repeated, effectively increasing the TBM's tunneling speed and forming an integrated "pre-splitting-breaking-support" operation mode, which is particularly suitable for efficient and low-damage excavation of high-strength rock strata.

[0050] When this type of cutterhead arrangement is adopted, the mechanical cutter 124 has cutting grooves formed by focused jets on both sides. Since these grooves provide strong assistance to the mechanical cutters, the tool spacing on the TBM cutterhead can be increased. For example, on a traditional TBM cutterhead, the tool spacing is 70mm, but with the assistance of the focused jets 113, the tool spacing on the new combined TBM cutterhead can be set to 100mm. With the TBM cutterhead diameter remaining unchanged, the total number of mechanical cutters on the TBM cutterhead can be effectively reduced, lowering tooling costs.

[0051] In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the technical solution of this application, combined with Figure 1-6 The following is a detailed explanation of how to use this device:

[0052] like Figure 7 As shown, in the first stage, the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110 approaches the working face but does not rotate to break the rock. The robotic arm 121 is moved to a set position via the cooperation of the robotic arm guide rail 122 and the circular slide rail 123. At this time, the detachable rear cover 114 of the energy-concentrating groove 113 on the disc 111 is opened. The robotic arm 121 installs the arc-shaped energy-concentrating units 125 in batches from the rear of the disc 111 to the designated positions on the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110. After the energy-concentrating cutter 124 is installed, the rear cover 114 is closed. In this stage, the main support shoe 220 retracts and disengages from the surrounding rock mass, and the rear support 240 extends.

[0053] like Figure 8 As shown, in the second stage, the shaped charge cutter 124 is activated using a detonating cord. The shaped charge jet generated by the shaped charge cutter 124 penetrates the rock mass in a direction perpendicular to the tunnel face. After the shaped charge blasting is completed, the robotic arm 121 moves along the TBM main beam 500 away from the TBM cutterhead 110.

[0054] like Figure 9 As shown, in the third stage, the main support shoe 220 extends to contact the surrounding rock, the rear support 240 retracts, and the propulsion hydraulic cylinder 230 pushes the TBM towards the working face. The rotary drive unit 130 drives the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead 110 to rotate, performing secondary crushing on the working face. The mechanical cutter 112 forms a dense core (a local high-stress concentration area or a crushing core area) inside the rock when it comes into contact with and is compressed by the rock mass. The rock mass crushed by the mechanical cutter 112 is collected by the bucket 116 on the cutterhead. When the bucket 116 rotates with the cutterhead to the designated position, the rock debris in the bucket will slide down to the rear of the cutterhead through the slag outlet. The slag collection ring 310 is used to collect the rock debris, ensuring that the rock debris slides down in the designated direction and falls onto the belt conveyor 320, which transports it to the TBM for assembly. After the mechanical cutter 112 has completely cut the rock mass in the pre-splitting zone of the energy-concentrating cutter 124, the main support shoe 220 is retracted, the rear support 240 is extended, and the mechanical arm is operated again to load the annular energy-concentrating cutter to start the next tunneling cycle.

[0055] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A device for TBM tunnel excavation assisted by a pre-splitting energy-concentrating cutter, characterized in that, This includes rock breaking systems, propulsion and support systems, slag removal systems, and support systems; The rock-breaking system includes a rock-breaking TBM cutterhead, a shaped charge blasting assembly, and a rotary drive unit. The rock-breaking TBM cutterhead includes a disc body and mechanical cutters. Multiple annular shaped charge grooves are formed on the disc body, and the axes of all the shaped charge grooves coincide with the axis of the disc body. A selectively openable or closable rear cover is provided on the side of each shaped charge groove near the rear end of the disc body. The shaped charge blasting assembly includes a robotic arm, a robotic arm guide rail, an annular slide rail, and a shaped charge cutter. The annular slide rail is fitted onto the outside of the TBM main beam. The robotic arm guide rail is movably mounted on the annular slide rail along the circumference of the TBM main beam. At least two robotic arms are movably mounted on the robotic arm guide rail along the axial direction of the TBM main beam. The shaped charge cutter is annular and is configured to correspond to the shaped charge grooves. The rotary drive unit is connected to the rear end of the disc body and is used to drive the disc body to rotate. The propulsion and support system is connected to the rock-breaking system and is used for the propulsion and support of the rock-breaking system; the slag discharge system is used to transport the rock slag generated by rock breaking to the outside; and the support system is used to form support when the rock-breaking system is performing rock-breaking work.

2. The device for TBM tunnel excavation assisted by a pre-splitting energy cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned annular energy-concentrating cutters is formed by splicing together multiple separable arc-shaped energy-concentrating units, and the rear cover is formed by splicing together multiple separable arc-shaped segments to form an annulus. The mechanical cutter is positioned between two adjacent energy-concentrating grooves.

3. The device for TBM tunnel excavation assisted by a pre-splitting energy cutter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The arc-shaped shaped charge unit includes a plastic shell, a metal shaped charge liner, and explosives. The explosives are encapsulated in a sealed space formed by the plastic shell and the metal shaped charge liner. Each arc-shaped shaped charge unit is connected to a detonating cord for detonation.

4. The device for TBM tunnel excavation assisted by a pre-splitting energy cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy-concentrating groove has thick-walled protective shells on both sides. The thick-walled protective shells have baffles at the front opening of the energy-concentrating groove. The rear cover is detachably disposed at the rear opening of the thick-walled protective shells corresponding to the rear opening of the energy-concentrating groove.

5. The device for TBM tunnel excavation assisted by a pre-splitting energy cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanical cutter is mounted radially along the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead.

6. The device for TBM tunnel excavation assisted by a pre-splitting energy cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The propulsion and support system includes a bottom support shoe, a main support shoe, a propulsion hydraulic cylinder, and a rear support. Both the bottom support shoe and the main support shoe are connected to the main beam and can extend and retract radially along the TBM main beam to selectively support or detach from the surrounding rock. The bottom support shoe is located near the front end of the main beam, and the main support shoe is located near the middle of the main beam. One end of the propulsion hydraulic cylinder is connected to the main support shoe, and the other end is connected to the main beam, for driving the propulsion of the main beam during excavation. The rear support is located at the rear of the TBM main beam to provide support during the TBM displacement phase.

7. The device for TBM tunnel excavation assisted by a pre-splitting energy cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slag removal system includes a slag collection ring, a belt conveyor, and a belt conveyor support frame. Multiple buckets are located near the edge of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead. The slag collection ring is positioned at the rear end of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead to collect rock slag sliding from the buckets. The belt conveyor is mounted on the main beam via the belt conveyor support frame. One end of the belt conveyor is connected to the slag collection ring, and the other end extends to the rear end of the TBM.

8. The device for TBM tunnel excavation assisted by a pre-splitting energy cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support system includes a top shield and a steering boot; the top shield is located on the top rear of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead, and the steering boot is located on the side rear of the rock-breaking TBM cutterhead.

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