Support structure for underground tunnel construction
By installing a turbine and scraper system in the support structure for underground tunnel construction, combined with springs and membrane protection, the problem of drainage hole blockage was solved, achieving efficient cleaning of the inner wall of the casing and stable water discharge, thus ensuring the stability and safety of the support structure.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, when groundwater carries impurities such as silt and rock fragments, it can easily cause blockage of drainage holes, reduce drainage efficiency, and may lead to water pressure accumulation in the long term, threatening the stability of the support structure.
A support structure for underground tunnel construction was designed, including initial support, a drainage trough at the bottom, and multiple sleeves at the top. The inner wall of the sleeve is fixedly connected to a fixing plate and rotatably connected to a turbine. The turbine converts the kinetic energy of the fissure water into the kinetic energy of the scraper to scrape off the dirt on the inner wall of the sleeve. Combined with a spring, it provides pretension to ensure that the scraper is in close contact with the inner wall. A membrane is provided at the end of the sleeve to provide sealing protection. The vent pipe is used to regularly clear the rainwater grate to prevent blockage.
Effective cleaning of the inner wall of the casing ensures stable drainage of fissure water, reduces the adhesion of dirt and impurities, prevents water pressure buildup, and improves the stability and safety of the support structure.
Smart Images
Figure CN224300888U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of support structures, specifically a support structure for underground tunnel construction. Background Technology
[0002] Underground tunnel construction is the process of building transportation or water conservancy channels in underground rock and soil through steps such as excavation, support, and lining. Depending on the geological conditions, technologies such as drill-and-blast method, shield tunneling method, or TBM method must be adopted, while controlling the deformation of surrounding rock and groundwater leakage to ensure structural safety and stability.
[0003] The support structure includes initial support and secondary lining. The initial support is a temporary support system that is constructed immediately after tunnel excavation. It is usually composed of shotcrete, anchor bolts, steel arches and drainage systems, and is used to quickly stabilize the surrounding rock and control deformation. The drainage structure is used to divert groundwater and reduce the impact of water pressure on the support.
[0004] In existing technologies, initial support drainage technology usually adopts the method of directly drilling to form drainage holes. However, when groundwater carries impurities such as silt and rock debris, it can easily cause the drainage holes to become blocked, reducing drainage efficiency. In the long run, this may lead to water pressure accumulation, threatening the stability of the support structure.
[0005] Therefore, a support structure for underground tunnel construction is proposed to address the above problems. Utility Model Content
[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.
[0007] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is as follows: A support structure for underground tunnel construction, comprising an initial support, the outer surface of which is a surrounding rock layer; a pair of drainage channels are provided at the bottom of the initial support; multiple sleeves are provided at the top of the initial support, the sleeves are anchored into the surrounding rock layer, and the outer wall of the sleeves located in the surrounding rock layer is porous; a fixing plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sleeve; a turbine is rotatably connected to the middle of the fixing plate; a rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the middle of the turbine; multiple support plates are fixedly connected to the middle of the rotating shaft via connecting rods; a scraper is provided in the middle of the support plate; by setting the turbine, the turbine can convert the kinetic energy of the fracture water into the kinetic energy of the scraper rotation, thereby scraping and cleaning the inner wall of the sleeve, reducing the dirt and impurities adhering to the inner wall of the sleeve, and ensuring that the fracture water can be stably discharged from the sleeve.
[0008] Preferably, the support plate has a sliding groove inside, and the scraper and the sliding groove inside the support plate are slidably connected; multiple springs are fixed between the scraper and the inner wall of the support plate; by setting the springs, the springs can provide pretension to the scraper, ensuring that the scraper can stick tightly to the inner wall of the sleeve and ensuring its cleaning effect on the inside of the sleeve.
[0009] Preferably, a membrane is fixed to the end of the casing; by setting the membrane, the membrane can provide sealing protection for the casing during grouting, so as to reduce the amount of concrete entering the casing. The membrane can be removed manually after construction is completed.
[0010] Preferably, the top of the drainage ditch is symmetrically provided with mounting bases; multiple rainwater grates are placed on the top of the mounting bases; the surface of the rainwater grates is porous; by providing mounting bases, the rainwater grates can be easily installed above the initial support, and the rainwater grates can provide safety protection for the drainage ditch to reduce the possibility of construction workers accidentally falling into the drainage ditch. In addition, the porous surface of the rainwater grates can also reduce solid impurities entering the drainage ditch.
[0011] Preferably, the initial support is symmetrically provided with air outlet pipes inside; one side of each air outlet pipe has an inclined air hole; by providing air outlet pipes, multiple air outlet pipes can be regarded as branch pipes, and their ends can be connected to the main pipe through connectors. The main pipe can be connected to the output end of an air pump. By starting the air pump, compressed air can be sent into the air outlet pipe through the main pipe. The air can be sprayed out from the air hole on the air outlet pipe and blow out impurities on the surface of the rain grate, thereby clearing the rain grate. The above work can be carried out regularly every day to achieve regular clearing of the rain grate.
[0012] Preferably, a baffle is provided at the top of the vent pipe; the baffle and the inner wall of the drainage trough are fixedly connected; by providing the baffle, the top of the vent pipe can be protected, reducing the possibility of wastewater coming into contact with the vent pipe and intruding into the vent pipe during flow.
[0013] The advantages of this utility model are:
[0014] 1. The support structure for underground tunnel construction described in this utility model, by setting a turbine, can convert the kinetic energy of the fissure water into the kinetic energy of the scraper rotation, thereby scraping and cleaning the inner wall of the casing, reducing the dirt and impurities attached to the inner wall of the casing, and ensuring that the fissure water can be stably discharged from the casing.
[0015] 2. The support structure for underground tunnel construction described in this utility model, by setting a spring, can provide pretension to the scraper, ensuring that the scraper can fit tightly against the inner wall of the casing and guaranteeing its cleaning effect on the inside of the casing. Attached Figure Description
[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main body of this utility model;
[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve structure in this utility model;
[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing plate in this utility model;
[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spring structure in this utility model;
[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rain grate in this utility model.
[0022] In the diagram: 1. Initial support; 12. Drainage channel; 13. Sleeve; 14. Fixing plate; 15. Turbine; 16. Shaft; 17. Support plate; 18. Scraper; 2. Spring; 3. Membrane; 4. Mounting base; 42. Rain grate; 5. Vent pipe; 6. Baffle. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.
[0024] Specific implementation examples are given below.
[0025] Please see Figures 1 to 5As shown in the embodiment of this utility model, a support structure for underground tunnel construction includes an initial support 1, the exterior of which is a surrounding rock layer; a pair of drainage channels 12 are provided at the bottom of the initial support 1; multiple sleeves 13 are provided at the top of the initial support 1, the sleeves 13 are anchored into the surrounding rock layer, and the outer wall of the sleeves 13 located in the surrounding rock layer is perforated; a fixing plate 14 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sleeves 13; a turbine 15 is rotatably connected to the middle of the fixing plate 14; a rotating shaft 16 is fixedly connected to the middle of the turbine 15; and the rotating shaft 16 passes through the middle of the turbine 15. The connecting rod is fixed to multiple support plates 17; a scraper 18 is provided in the middle of the support plate 17; during construction, the surface of the surrounding rock can be cleaned first to remove loose rock blocks and slag, and then anchor bolts can be installed to enhance the self-stabilizing ability of the surrounding rock; then a steel arch frame is erected as the main support skeleton, and a steel mesh is laid, followed by shotcrete construction, spraying in layers to the design thickness to form the initial support 1. The above is a mature existing technology, which is not shown in the figure. Specifically, after the steel arch frame is installed, holes can be drilled at obvious seepage cracks or design positions, and the holes are cleaned by blowing. The sleeve 13 is inserted into the hole. The outer end of the sleeve 13 has a fixing slot, which can be fixed to the main reinforcing bar using wire or connecting clips to ensure the stability of the sleeve 13 during shotcreting. Since the porous surface of the sleeve 13 is located within the surrounding rock layer, fissure water from the surrounding rock layer can enter the sleeve 13 through the holes. When the water flows, it passes through the turbine 15. The turbine 15 rotates due to the contact between its curved fins and the flowing water. The turbine 15 drives the rotating shaft 16 to rotate synchronously, and the rotating shaft 16 rotates the support plate 17 and the scraper 18. During the rotation of the scraper 18, the inner wall of the casing 13 can be scraped and cleaned to reduce the dirt carried and attached by the fissure water on the inner wall of the casing 13. The discharged sewage can flow along the inner wall of the initial support 1 and be discharged into the drainage trough 12. It is worth mentioning that the bottom of the initial support 1 should be sloped towards the drainage trough 12. By setting the turbine 15, the turbine 15 can convert the kinetic energy of the fissure water into the kinetic energy of the scraper 18 rotation, which can then scrape and clean the inner wall of the casing 13, reduce the dirt and impurities attached to the inner wall of the casing 13, and ensure that the fissure water can be stably discharged from the casing 13.
[0026] Please see Figure 4As shown, the support plate 17 has a sliding groove inside, and the scraper 18 and the sliding groove inside the support plate 17 are slidably connected; multiple springs 2 are fixed between the scraper 18 and the inner wall of the support plate 17; by setting the springs 2, since the scraper 18 rubs against the inner wall of the sleeve 13 for cleaning, its end will experience slight wear. During normal operation, the springs 2 are in a compressed state, that is, the springs 2 will apply a lifting force to the scraper 18 to ensure that the scraper 18 can stick tightly to the inner wall of the sleeve 13 and ensure its cleaning effect on the inside of the sleeve 13. In addition, a sealing ring can be set between the support plate 17 and the scraper 18 to play a waterproof role; by setting the springs 2, the springs 2 can provide pretension to the scraper 18 to ensure that the scraper 18 can stick tightly to the inner wall of the sleeve 13 and ensure its cleaning effect on the inside of the sleeve 13.
[0027] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a membrane 3 is fixed to the end of the sleeve 13; by setting the membrane 3, the membrane 3 can provide sealing protection for the sleeve 13 during grouting, so as to reduce the amount of concrete entering the sleeve 13. After the construction is completed, the membrane 3 can be removed manually.
[0028] Please see Figure 5 As shown, the top of the drainage trough 12 is symmetrically provided with mounting bases 4; multiple rainwater grates 42 are placed on the top of the mounting bases 4; the surface of the rainwater grates 42 is porous; by providing mounting bases 4, the rainwater grates 42 can be easily installed above the initial support 1, and the rainwater grates 42 can provide safety protection for the drainage trough 12 to reduce the possibility of construction personnel accidentally falling into the drainage trough 12 when walking. In addition, the porous surface of the rainwater grates 42 can also reduce the amount of solid impurities entering the drainage trough 12.
[0029] Please see Figure 5 As shown, the initial support 1 is symmetrically provided with air outlet pipes 5 inside; an inclined air hole is opened on one side of the air outlet pipe 5; by setting the air outlet pipes 5, multiple air outlet pipes 5 can be regarded as branch pipes, and the ends can be connected to the main pipe through the connector. The main pipe can be connected to the output end of the air pump. By starting the air pump, compressed air can be sent into the air outlet pipe 5 through the main pipe. The air can be sprayed out from the air hole on the air outlet pipe 5 and blow out the impurities on the surface of the rain grate 42, thereby clearing the rain grate 42. The above work can be carried out regularly every day to achieve regular clearing of the rain grate 42.
[0030] Please see Figure 5 As shown, a baffle 6 is provided at the top of the vent pipe 5; the baffle 6 and the inner wall of the drainage trough 12 are fixedly connected; by setting the baffle 6, the top of the vent pipe 5 can be protected, reducing the situation where wastewater comes into contact with the vent pipe 5 and enters the interior of the vent pipe 5 when it flows.
[0031] Working principle: During construction, the surrounding rock surface is first cleaned to remove loose rock blocks and debris. Then, anchor bolts are installed to enhance the self-stabilizing ability of the surrounding rock. Next, a steel arch frame is erected as the main support skeleton, and a steel mesh is laid. Afterward, shotcrete is applied in layers to the designed thickness to form initial support 1. This is a mature existing technology, not shown in the diagram. Specifically, after installing the steel arch frame, holes can be drilled at obvious seepage cracks or the designed location. After cleaning the holes, the casing 13 is inserted into the hole. The outer end of the casing 13 has a fixing clip, which can be fixed to the main steel reinforcement through wire or connecting clips to ensure the stability of the casing 13 during shotcreting. Because the porous part of the casing 13 is located in the surrounding rock... Within the rock strata, fissure water from the surrounding rock layer can enter the casing 13 through pores. As the water flows, it passes through the turbine 15, which rotates due to the contact between its curved fins and the flowing water. The turbine 15 drives the rotating shaft 16 to rotate synchronously, which in turn rotates the support plate 17 and the scraper 18. During rotation, the scraper 18 cleans the inner wall of the casing 13, reducing the dirt carried and attached by the fissure water. The discharged wastewater flows along the inner wall of the initial support 1 and is discharged into the drainage trough 12. Notably, the bottom of the initial support 1 should slope towards the drainage trough 12. By incorporating the spring 2, the scraper 18 cleans the inner wall of the casing 13 through friction, and its end... Slight wear may occur. During normal operation, spring 2 is in a compressed state, meaning it applies a lifting force to scraper 18, ensuring it adheres tightly to the inner wall of sleeve 13 and effectively cleans the inside of sleeve 13. A sealing ring can be installed between support plate 17 and scraper 18 for waterproofing. A membrane 3 provides sealing protection during shotcreting of sleeve 13, reducing concrete entry into the sleeve. The membrane 3 can be manually removed after construction. An mounting base 4 allows for easy installation of rain grate 42 above the initial support 1. Rain grate 42 provides safety protection for drainage ditch 12, reducing the risk of workers accidentally falling into it. In addition, the surface of the rain grate 42 is porous, which can reduce solid impurities entering the drainage trough 12. By setting vent pipes 5, multiple vent pipes 5 can be regarded as branch pipes. The ends can be connected to the main pipe through connectors. The main pipe can be connected to the output end of the air pump. By starting the air pump, compressed air can be sent into the vent pipes 5 through the main pipe. The air can be sprayed out from the air holes on the vent pipes 5 and blow out the impurities on the surface of the rain grate 42, thereby clearing the rain grate 42. The above work can be carried out regularly every day to achieve regular clearing of the rain grate 42. By setting baffles 6, the top of the vent pipes 5 can be protected to reduce the situation where wastewater comes into contact with the vent pipes 5 and enters the interior of the vent pipes 5 when flowing.
[0032] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model.
Claims
1. A support structure for underground tunnel construction, comprising an initial support (1), wherein the initial support (1) is surrounded by a rock layer; characterized in that: The initial support (1) has a pair of drainage grooves (12) at the bottom; the initial support (1) has multiple sleeves (13) at the top, the sleeves (13) are anchored into the surrounding rock layer, and the outer wall of the sleeves (13) in the surrounding rock layer is porous; the inner wall of the sleeves (13) is fixedly connected to a fixing plate (14); a turbine (15) is rotatably connected to the middle of the fixing plate (14); a rotating shaft (16) is fixedly connected to the middle of the turbine (15); multiple support plates (17) are fixedly connected to the middle of the rotating shaft (16) through a connecting rod; a scraper (18) is provided in the middle of the support plate (17).
2. The support structure for underground tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support plate (17) has a sliding groove inside, and the scraper (18) and the sliding groove inside the support plate (17) are slidably connected; multiple springs (2) are fixed between the scraper (18) and the inner wall of the support plate (17).
3. The support structure for underground tunnel construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: A thin film (3) is fixed to the end of the sleeve (13).
4. The support structure for underground tunnel construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the drainage channel (12) is symmetrically provided with mounting bases (4); multiple rainwater grates (42) are placed on the top of the mounting bases (4); the surface of the rainwater grates (42) is porous.
5. A support structure for underground tunnel construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The initial support (1) is symmetrically provided with air outlet pipes (5); one side of the air outlet pipe (5) is provided with an inclined air hole.
6. A support structure for underground tunnel construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the air outlet pipe (5) is provided with a baffle (6); the baffle (6) and the inner wall of the drainage trough (12) are fixedly connected.