A biomass boiler

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of energy equipment relates to a kind of biomass boiler, including biomass boiler ontology, and is equipped with smoke outlet on biomass boiler ontology, and the hearth of biomass boiler ontology is equipped with multiple vertical arrangements, and the smoke baffle for guiding the flue gas in hearth along serpentine path flows to smoke outlet, the nearest smoke baffle of smoke outlet is recorded as smoke baffle a, and gap is left between the upper end of smoke baffle a and the top of biomass boiler ontology, and smoke baffle a is equipped with through-hole, and the height of through-hole is higher than smoke outlet.The utility model is through being equipped with through-hole on smoke baffle a, improves the flue gas temperature of entering SCR reactor, so that the flue gas of final discharge reaches waste gas emission requirement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of energy equipment technology and relates to a biomass boiler. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass boilers, which use liquid heat transfer medium, are widely used in industrial production. Their working principle involves the liquid heat transfer medium being forced to circulate within the furnace by a circulating pump. The high-temperature flue gas generated by fuel combustion heats the heat transfer medium through radiation and convection heat exchange. The flue gas then sequentially passes through a metal bag filter dust collector, a denitrification system, a waste heat boiler, and an air preheater before finally being discharged into the atmosphere by an induced draft fan.

[0003] However, biomass boilers face numerous problems in actual operation. When flue gas enters the SCR desulfurization and denitrification reactor, the temperature often drops below 300℃, failing to reach the temperature required for the catalytic reaction. This leads to the denitrification system malfunctioning, and nitrogen oxide emissions failing to meet national emission standards. This is because the combustion of biomass fuel increases the dust content in the flue gas, and the dust has strong adhesion. To prevent clogging of the catalyst equipment, a high-temperature metal bag filter is added downstream of the boiler, resulting in significant temperature loss of the high-temperature flue gas after passing through this filter.

[0004] Therefore, developing a biomass boiler that can effectively increase the temperature of flue gas entering the SCR desulfurization and denitrification reactor is of great practical significance. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and to provide a biomass boiler.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0007] A biomass boiler includes a biomass boiler body with a flue gas outlet. The boiler body has multiple vertically arranged baffles inside the furnace to guide the flue gas in the furnace along a serpentine path to the flue gas outlet. The baffle closest to the flue gas outlet is denoted as baffle a. A gap is left between the upper end of baffle a and the top of the biomass boiler body. Baffle a has through holes, and the height of the through holes is higher than the flue gas outlet.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution:

[0009] In the biomass boiler described above, the vertical distance between the through hole and the upper end of the baffle plate a is d1, and the vertical distance between the through hole and the flue gas outlet is d2, where d1 is 24-32.4 times d2.

[0010] As described above, in a biomass boiler, the value of d2 ranges from 150 to 200 mm. Due to the influence of the actual structure, the height of the through hole can only be slightly higher than the flue gas outlet, because the upper part is a heat medium coil. If the height of the through hole is much higher than the flue gas outlet, it is impossible to make a hole in the baffle plate a.

[0011] In the biomass boiler described above, the baffle plate closest to the flue gas outlet is designated as baffle plate b. The upper end of baffle plate b is connected to the top of the biomass boiler body, and the height of the through hole is lower than the lower end of baffle plate b.

[0012] In the biomass boiler described above, the area of ​​each through hole is 0.29%-0.77% of the area of ​​the baffle plate a.

[0013] As described above, a biomass boiler has n through holes, where n is 2-4, and the n through holes are arranged sequentially along the horizontal direction.

[0014] As described above, a biomass boiler has n through holes arranged at equal intervals along the horizontal direction, denoted as the X direction, and the horizontal direction perpendicular to the X direction is denoted as the Y direction; the smoke baffle plate a is also provided with two guide rails, which are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the n through holes, and their length direction is parallel to the X direction.

[0015] The biomass boiler described above also includes a damper control device, which includes n damper covers, a damper rod, an upper support block, a lower support block, a handle, an upper pin, and a lower pin.

[0016] n damper covers are arranged at equal intervals along the X direction, each covering n through holes, and are slidably connected to two guide rails; damper rods are parallel to the X direction and are simultaneously fixedly connected to the n damper covers; one end of the damper rod passes through the wall panel of the biomass boiler body and is fixedly connected to the upper support block; the lower support block is located below the upper support block and is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the wall panel; the handle is arranged vertically, with its lower end hinged to the lower support block by a lower pin, and has a waist-shaped groove in the middle with its length direction parallel to the vertical direction; the upper pin is parallel to the Y direction, with its middle part located in the waist-shaped groove, and both ends of the upper pin are fixedly connected to the upper support block.

[0017] Existing technologies have shortcomings in controlling the temperature of flue gas entering the SCR reactor. For example, patent application CN108731027A uses a biomass direct-fired furnace to provide high-temperature flue gas to the SCR reactor and sets up equipment such as a flue gas transfer chamber and a low-temperature reheater outside the furnace, using valves to regulate the flue gas flow to control the temperature. However, this method not only adds a large number of external equipment, increasing costs, but is also unsuitable for biomass boilers with only one flue, and cannot effectively increase the temperature of the flue gas entering the SCR reactor. In addition, patent CN105865193B uses a method of splitting and then recombining the flue gas at the beginning to control the temperature, which also cannot be directly applied to biomass boilers with only one flue. The damper control device equipped in this utility model can move the damper cover plate on the guide rail by pulling the operating handle to drive the damper rod, thereby precisely controlling the opening size of the through hole. By adjusting the opening degree of the through hole, the flow rate of the short-circuited high-temperature flue gas can be precisely controlled, achieving precise regulation of the flue gas temperature entering the SCR reactor.

[0018] As described above, in a biomass boiler, the upper support block is provided with an upper U-shaped groove that penetrates the upper and lower surfaces of the upper support block, and the lower support block is provided with a lower U-shaped groove that penetrates the upper and lower surfaces of the lower support block; the lower end of the handle is inserted into the lower U-shaped groove, and the middle part of the handle is inserted into the upper U-shaped groove.

[0019] As described above, in a biomass boiler, the damper control device further includes sleeve a and n sleeves b, both of which are parallel to the X direction;

[0020] Sleeve a is fixed to the wall panel, and one end of the damper rod passes through the wall panel of the biomass boiler body, that is, through sleeve a. The damper rod is slidably connected to sleeve a.

[0021] The damper rod is fixedly connected to n damper cover plates via n sleeves b. The n sleeves b are fixedly fitted onto the damper rod, and the n sleeves b are welded to the n damper cover plates respectively.

[0022] As described above, a biomass boiler also includes a flue, a high-temperature metal dust collector, and an SCR desulfurization and denitrification reactor, with the flue outlet connected in sequence to the flue, the high-temperature metal dust collector, and the SCR desulfurization and denitrification reactor.

[0023] As described above, the biomass boiler body is also equipped with a biomass hopper and a grate chain. The biomass hopper is used to feed biomass, which falls onto the grate chain through an internal feeder. The grate chain is used to drive the biomass from front to back by rotating. During this process, the biomass is manually ignited and fully combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas, which provides heat to the heat medium in the heat medium coil inside the biomass boiler.

[0024] Beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) By setting through holes on the smoke baffle plate a, the present invention changes the trajectory of some flue gas, reduces the movement distance and heat dissipation, and reduces the heat exchange with the heat medium coil. When this part of the flue gas merges with the flue gas flowing along the serpentine channel, the overall temperature is increased, ensuring that the flue gas entering the SCR desulfurization and denitrification reactor can reach the catalytic reaction temperature, effectively improving the operating efficiency of the denitrification system and making nitrogen oxide emissions meet the national waste gas emission requirements.

[0026] (2) The damper control device equipped in this utility model can drive the damper rod by pulling the operating handle, so that the damper cover plate moves on the guide rail, thereby accurately controlling the opening size of the through hole. By adjusting the opening degree of the through hole, the flow rate of the short-circuited high-temperature flue gas can be accurately controlled, so as to achieve precise control of the flue gas temperature entering the SCR reactor and ensure that the denitrification reaction is stable and efficient.

[0027] (3) Compared with the existing technology of adding a large number of devices to the biomass direct-fired furnace to regulate the flue gas temperature, this utility model only opens through holes on the smoke baffle plate and sets a simple damper control device, without the need for complex external equipment, which simplifies the boiler structure and reduces equipment and maintenance costs.

[0028] (4) The reasonable design of the baffle plate and the setting of the through holes optimize the flow path and heat exchange process of the flue gas in the boiler. While ensuring that the heat medium coil obtains sufficient heat, it reduces the unnecessary heat loss of high temperature flue gas, improves energy utilization efficiency, and makes the operation of the entire biomass boiler system more energy-saving and environmentally friendly. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a biomass boiler;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the damper control device and its connection with the smoke baffle plate a;

[0031] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the connection relationships of the wall panel, handle, sleeve a, etc.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the state of the damper control device after the handle has been operated.

[0033] Among them, 1-biomass hopper, 2-grate chain, 3-furnace, 4-smoke baffle, 5-flue, 6-high temperature metal dust collector, 7-SCR desulfurization and denitrification reactor, 8-handle, 9.1-upper support block, 9.2-lower support block, 10-wall panel, 11-sleeve a, 12-damper pull rod, 13-guide rail, 14-damper cover plate, 16-sleeve b, 17-damper control device, 18.1-upper pin, 18.2-lower pin. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0035] A biomass boiler, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a biomass boiler body, a damper control device 17, a flue 5, a high-temperature metal dust collector 6, and an SCR desulfurization and denitrification reactor 7.

[0036] The biomass boiler body is equipped with a flue, a biomass hopper 1 and a grate chain 2. The flue is connected in sequence to the flue 5, the high-temperature metal dust collector 6 and the SCR desulfurization and denitrification reactor 7. The biomass hopper 1 is used to feed biomass, and the grate chain 2 is used to drive the biomass from front to back by rotating. The biomass falls onto the grate chain through the internal feeder.

[0037] The furnace 3 of the biomass boiler body is equipped with multiple vertically arranged baffle plates 4 for guiding the flue gas in the furnace 3 to flow along a serpentine path to the flue gas outlet. The baffle plate 4 closest to the flue gas outlet is denoted as baffle plate a, and the baffle plate 4 second closest to the flue gas outlet is denoted as baffle plate b. There is a gap between the upper end of baffle plate a and the top of the biomass boiler body, and the upper end of baffle plate b is connected to the top of the biomass boiler body.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the smoke baffle plate a is provided with through holes and two guide rails 13;

[0039] The number of through holes is n, where n is 2-4; the n through holes are arranged at equal intervals along the horizontal direction, the horizontal direction is denoted as the X direction, and the horizontal direction perpendicular to the X direction is denoted as the Y direction;

[0040] The vertical distance between the through hole and the upper end of the smoke baffle a is d1, and the vertical distance between the through hole and the smoke outlet is d2. d1 is 24-32.4 times d2, and the value of d2 ranges from 150-200 mm. The height of the through hole is lower than the lower end of the smoke baffle b. The area of ​​each through hole is 0.29%-0.77% of the area of ​​the smoke baffle a.

[0041] Two guide rails 13 are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the n through holes, and their length direction is parallel to the X direction;

[0042] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the damper control device 17 includes n damper covers 14, damper rods 12, upper support blocks 9.1, lower support blocks 9.2, handles 8, upper pins 18.1, lower pins 18.2, sleeves a 11 and n sleeves b 16;

[0043] n damper covers 14 are arranged at equal intervals along the X direction, each covering n through holes, and are slidably connected to two guide rails 13; damper rods 12 are parallel to the X direction, and are fixedly connected to the n damper covers 14 via n sleeves b 16, which are fixedly fitted onto the damper rods 12 and welded to the n damper covers 14 respectively; sleeves a 11 are parallel to the X direction, fixed to the wall panel 10, and are slidably connected to the damper rods 12, with one end of the damper rod 12 extending from sleeve a 11. After 11 is inserted, it is fixedly connected to the upper support block 9.1; the lower support block 9.2 is located below the upper support block 9.1 and is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the wall panel 10; the handle 8 is arranged vertically, and its lower end is hinged to the lower support block 9.2 by the lower pin 18.2. The middle part is provided with an oblong groove parallel to the vertical direction. The upper pin 18.1 is parallel to the Y direction. The middle part of the upper pin 18.1 is located in the oblong groove. The two ends of the upper pin 18.1 are fixedly connected to the upper support block 9.1; the upper support block 9.1 is provided with an upper U-shaped groove that penetrates the upper and lower surfaces of the upper support block 9.1. The lower support block 9.2 is provided with a lower U-shaped groove that penetrates the upper and lower surfaces of the lower support block 9.2; the lower end of the handle 8 is inserted into the lower U-shaped groove, and the middle part of the handle 8 is inserted into the upper U-shaped groove.

[0044] When using this biomass boiler, the biomass is first fed into the biomass hopper. The biomass then falls onto the grate chain via an internal feeder. The rotating grate chain moves the biomass from front to back. During this process, the biomass is manually ignited and fully combusted. The high-temperature flue gas generated flows along a serpentine path within the furnace, guided by multiple vertically arranged baffles. Most of the flue gas flows sequentially through the areas between the baffles, exchanging heat with the heat transfer coils to provide heat to the heat transfer medium. The baffle a closest to the exhaust outlet has n through-holes. Some of the high-temperature flue gas changes its trajectory through these through-holes and directly enters the flue, reducing the heat exchange process with the heat transfer coils and thus maintaining a higher temperature. During normal operation, the operator can rotate the handle to move the damper rod parallel to the X direction (e.g., ...). Figure 4As shown in the diagram, the damper cover moves on the guide rail, thereby controlling the opening size of the through hole. When it is necessary to increase the temperature of the flue gas entering the SCR desulfurization and denitrification reactor, the opening area of ​​the through hole is increased, allowing more high-temperature flue gas to short-circuit into the flue through the through hole; conversely, the opening area of ​​the through hole is reduced. After being adjusted by the baffle plate and the through hole, the flue gas is discharged from the exhaust port and enters the flue and high-temperature metal dust collector in sequence for dust removal treatment to remove dust from the flue gas. The dust-removed flue gas then enters the SCR desulfurization and denitrification reactor, where desulfurization and denitrification reactions are carried out at a suitable temperature, so that the final emitted flue gas meets the national waste gas emission requirements.

Claims

1. A biomass boiler, comprising a biomass boiler body, wherein the biomass boiler body is provided with a flue gas outlet, and a plurality of vertically arranged baffle plates (4) are provided in the furnace (3) of the biomass boiler body for guiding the flue gas in the furnace (3) to flow along a serpentine path to the flue gas outlet, wherein the baffle plate (4) closest to the flue gas outlet is denoted as baffle plate a, and a gap is left between the upper end of baffle plate a and the top of the biomass boiler body, characterized in that, The smoke baffle plate a has a through hole, and the height of the through hole is higher than the smoke exhaust port.

2. A biomass boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical distance between the through hole and the upper end of the smoke baffle plate a is d1, and the vertical distance between the through hole and the smoke outlet is d2. d1 is 24-32.4 times d2.

3. A biomass boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that, The value of d2 ranges from 150 to 200 mm.

4. A biomass boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The smoke baffle (4) closest to the flue gas outlet is designated as smoke b. The upper end of smoke b is connected to the top of the biomass boiler body, and the height of the through hole is lower than the lower end of smoke b.

5. A biomass boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The area of ​​each through hole is 0.29%-0.77% of the area of ​​the smoke baffle plate a.

6. A biomass boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of through holes is n, where n is 2-4, and the n through holes are arranged sequentially along the horizontal direction.

7. A biomass boiler according to claim 6, characterized in that, n through holes are arranged at equal intervals along the horizontal direction, the horizontal direction is denoted as the X direction, and the horizontal direction perpendicular to the X direction is denoted as the Y direction; the smoke baffle plate a is also provided with two guide rails (13), the two guide rails (13) are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the n through holes, and the length direction is parallel to the X direction.

8. A biomass boiler according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a damper control device (17), which includes n damper covers (14), damper rods (12), upper support blocks (9.1), lower support blocks (9.2), handles (8), upper pins (18.1) and lower pins (18.2); n damper covers (14) are arranged at equal intervals along the X direction, covering n through holes respectively, and are slidably connected to two guide rails (13); damper rod (12) is parallel to the X direction and is fixedly connected to the n damper covers (14); one end of damper rod (12) passes through the wall panel (10) of the biomass boiler body and is fixedly connected to the upper support block (9.1); the lower support block (9.2) is located below the upper support block (9.1) and is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the wall panel (10); the handle (8) is arranged vertically, and its lower end is hinged to the lower support block (9.2) by the lower pin (18.2), and the middle part is provided with a waist-shaped groove with the length direction parallel to the vertical direction. The upper pin (18.1) is parallel to the Y direction, and the middle part of the upper pin (18.1) is located in the waist-shaped groove. The two ends of the upper pin (18.1) are fixedly connected to the upper support block (9.1).

9. A biomass boiler according to claim 8, characterized in that, The upper support block (9.1) is provided with an upper U-shaped groove that penetrates the upper and lower surfaces of the upper support block (9.1), and the lower support block (9.2) is provided with a lower U-shaped groove that penetrates the upper and lower surfaces of the lower support block (9.2); the lower end of the handle (8) is inserted into the lower U-shaped groove, and the middle part of the handle (8) is inserted into the upper U-shaped groove.

10. A biomass boiler according to claim 8, characterized in that, The damper control device (17) also includes a sleeve a (11) and n sleeves b (16), both of which are parallel to the X direction; Sleeve a (11) is fixed on wall panel (10), and one end of damper rod (12) passes through wall panel (10) of biomass boiler body, that is, through sleeve a (11). Damper rod (12) is slidably connected to sleeve a (11). The damper rod (12) is fixedly connected to the damper cover plate (14) through n sleeves b (16). The n sleeves b (16) are fixedly sleeved on the damper rod (12), and the n sleeves b (16) are welded to the damper cover plate (14) respectively.

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