A portable device for monitoring evapotranspiration in a water catchment area

Abstract

A kind of portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration of water conservation area belongs to water conservation area actual evapotranspiration monitoring technical field, especially to portable monitoring device for water conservation area actual evapotranspiration;Solve the existing water conservation area surface evapotranspiration monitoring equipment poor mobility, deployment difficulty and higher cost and other deficiencies;The device includes: data acquisition module, storage module, Bowen ratio module, processing module and display module;The device of the utility model has strong mobility, is convenient to carry, easy to install, multiple sensors are observed cooperatively, the synchronism of observation data is improved, observation data is more comparable, potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration can be monitored through conventional meteorological data, the spatial representativeness and intelligentization of observation are improved, actual evapotranspiration observation cost is reduced, manpower, material resources and financial resources are saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of actual evapotranspiration monitoring technology in water conservation areas, and particularly relates to a portable monitoring device for actual evapotranspiration in water conservation areas. Background Technology

[0002] As a "natural regulator" of regional water resources, water conservation areas directly influence the water cycle, ecosystem stability, and sustainable water resource utilization through their actual evapotranspiration process. Monitoring these processes is therefore of multi-dimensional significance. Actual evapotranspiration is a core component of water expenditure in water conservation areas, converting precipitation, surface water, and groundwater into water vapor that returns to the atmosphere, directly impacting the region's water balance. Monitoring actual evapotranspiration allows for precise understanding of water consumption intensity and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, providing crucial data for analyzing the dynamic relationships between precipitation, runoff, and groundwater recharge. This enables a scientific assessment of regional water supply and demand, providing a solid basis for water resource planning and management.

[0003] Methods for monitoring actual evapotranspiration in water conservation areas can be categorized into several types, including direct ground observation, remote sensing inversion, and model simulation. Different methods are based on different principles, are applicable to different scenarios, and also have their own limitations.

[0004] Direct ground observation methods, which involve deploying instruments to directly measure evapotranspiration in localized areas, are the core means of obtaining high-precision single-point or small-area data. Examples include lyoinfiltration meters, eddy covariance systems, and miniature lyoinfiltration meters. However, these methods also have the following drawbacks: limited spatial representativeness, making it difficult to directly apply single-point or small-area observation results to water conservation areas with complex terrain, which can easily lead to a "point-area mismatch" problem; and high cost and maintenance threshold, with the construction and operation costs of large-scale lyoinfiltration meters and eddy covariance systems being exorbitant (tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of yuan for a single set of equipment).

[0005] Remote sensing inversion methods utilize satellite or airborne remote sensing data (such as visible light, infrared, microwave, etc.) to invert regional-scale evapotranspiration based on surface parameters (such as vegetation cover, surface temperature, albedo). It is the main means of large-scale monitoring. Common models include: energy balance models, improved versions of the Penman-Monteith model, microwave remote sensing, etc. However, it also has the following limitations: the contradiction between spatial resolution and accuracy, the great interference from surface conditions, and the dependence on auxiliary data.

[0006] Model simulation is based on hydrological and ecological process mechanisms, integrates meteorological, soil, and vegetation data, and calculates evapotranspiration through mathematical models. It is suitable for areas with complex terrain or lack of observation data. Common models include hydrological models, eco-hydrological models, and machine learning models. However, it also has some shortcomings, such as high parameter sensitivity, dependence on the quality of input data, and biases due to mechanism simplification.

[0007] In conclusion, there is an urgent need for a portable monitoring device for surface evapotranspiration in water conservation areas that is convenient to measure, highly accurate, and mobile. Utility Model Content

[0008] This invention proposes a portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in water conservation areas, which solves the shortcomings of existing surface evapotranspiration monitoring equipment in water conservation areas, such as poor mobility, difficulty in deployment, and high cost.

[0009] The portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in water conservation areas described in this utility model has the following technical solution:

[0010] The device includes: a data acquisition module, a storage module, a Bowen ratio module, a processing module, and a display module;

[0011] The data acquisition module is used to collect input data and transmit the collected input data to the storage module for storage;

[0012] The storage module is used to store the input data collected by the data acquisition module, the Bowen ratio data returned by the Bowen ratio module, and the surface evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration data returned by the processing module.

[0013] The Bowen ratio module is used to read the input data stored in the storage module, calculate the Bowen ratio, and transmit the calculated Bowen ratio to the storage module and the processing module.

[0014] The processing module is used to read the input data stored in the storage module, receive the Bowen ratio data calculated by the Bowen ratio module, process it into potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration data, and feed it back to the storage module for storage.

[0015] The display module is used to display the results of the data acquisition module, the Bowen ratio module, and the processing module.

[0016] Furthermore, the data acquisition module includes a sensor submodule and an interface submodule;

[0017] The sensor submodule includes multiple sensors: a four-component radiation sensor, a capacitive dew point meter, a surface temperature sensor, a soil temperature sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor, and a wind speed sensor, used to collect downward solar shortwave radiation, downward sky longwave radiation, upward atmospheric longwave radiation, upward surface longwave radiation, dew point temperature, surface temperature, soil temperature, air temperature and humidity, and wind speed.

[0018] The interface submodule is linked to the storage module and is used to transmit the input data collected by the data acquisition module to the storage module for storage.

[0019] Furthermore, the Bowen ratio module includes an input interface, a processor, and an output interface;

[0020] The input interface is used to obtain the input data collected by the data acquisition module from the storage module;

[0021] The processor is used to calculate the Bowen ratio from the input data, and the calculation formula is:

[0022]

[0023] In the formula, β represents the Bowen ratio, and T i T d T m These represent the air temperature, dew point temperature, and highest air temperature on the day of observation, respectively.

[0024] The output interface is linked to the processing module and is used to transmit the Bowen ratio output by the processor to the processing module.

[0025] Furthermore, the processing module includes an input submodule, a computation submodule, and a communication submodule;

[0026] The input submodule is linked to the storage module and is used to read data from the storage module and receive the output of the Bowen ratio module;

[0027] The calculation submodule is used to calculate potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, and the Bowen ratio when no output is received from the Bowen ratio module; the potential evapotranspiration is calculated as follows:

[0028]

[0029] In the formula, E p It represents potential evapotranspiration, Δ represents the slope of the vapor pressure curve, and R... n γ is the net surface radiation, G is the soil heat flux, γ is the wet / dry surface constant, and T is the soil heat flux. a The average temperature of the day, u s It's wind speed, e s It is the saturated vapor pressure, e a It is the actual vapor pressure;

[0030] The actual evaporation calculation is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] In the formula, ET represents the actual evaporation;

[0033] The communication submodule is used to transmit the potential evaporation and actual evaporation calculated by the calculation submodule to the storage module.

[0034] Furthermore, the display module, connected to the processing module, is used to display the potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, and Bowen ratio calculated by the processing module.

[0035] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1) The portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in water conservation areas described in this utility model is highly mobile, easy to carry, and easy to install.

[0037] 2) The portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in water conservation areas described in this utility model uses multiple sensors to conduct collaborative observations, which improves the synchronization of observation data and makes the observation data more comparable.

[0038] 3) The portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in water conservation areas described in this utility model can realize potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration by using conventional meteorological data, thus improving calculation efficiency.

[0039] 4) The portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in water conservation areas described in this utility model can be deployed in multiple sets simultaneously, which improves the spatial representativeness and intelligence of the observation.

[0040] 5) The portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in water conservation areas described in this utility model greatly reduces the actual evapotranspiration observation cost through modular design, saving manpower, material resources and financial resources. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in water conservation areas. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Example 1

[0043] Combination Figure 1 This embodiment describes a portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in water conservation areas. The specific implementation details are as follows:

[0044] The device includes: a data acquisition module, a storage module, a Bowen ratio module, a processing module, and a display module;

[0045] The data acquisition module is used to collect input data and transmit the collected input data to the storage module for storage;

[0046] The storage module is used to store the input data collected by the data acquisition module, the Bowen ratio data returned by the Bowen ratio module, and the surface evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration data returned by the processing module.

[0047] The Bowen ratio module is used to read the input data stored in the storage module, calculate the Bowen ratio, and transmit the calculated Bowen ratio to the storage module and the processing module.

[0048] The processing module is used to read the input data stored in the storage module, receive the Bowen ratio data calculated by the Bowen ratio module, process it into potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration data, and feed it back to the storage module for storage.

[0049] The display module is used to display the results of the data acquisition module, the Bowen ratio module, and the processing module.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] Combination Figure 1 This embodiment further defines the portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in water conservation areas described in Embodiment 1. The specific implementation details are as follows:

[0052] The data acquisition module includes a sensor submodule and an interface submodule;

[0053] The sensor submodule includes multiple sensors: a four-component radiation sensor, a capacitive dew point meter, a surface temperature sensor, a soil temperature sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor, and a wind speed sensor, used to collect downward solar shortwave radiation, downward sky longwave radiation, upward atmospheric longwave radiation, upward surface longwave radiation, dew point temperature, surface temperature, soil temperature, air temperature and humidity, and wind speed.

[0054] The interface submodule is linked to the storage module and is used to transmit the input data collected by the data acquisition module to the storage module for storage.

[0055] In this embodiment: the four-component radiation sensor is used to collect downward solar shortwave radiation, downward longwave radiation from the sky, upward longwave radiation from the atmosphere, and upward longwave radiation from the ground surface. Specifically, the Hukseflux NR01 can be used. It has high measurement accuracy, instability (annual variation) of less than ±1%, and multiple functions. It has a built-in Pt100 temperature sensor, which can be used for sky and surface temperature calculation, and can also estimate sunshine duration. It can optionally measure parameters such as albedo or solar reflectivity.

[0056] The dew point temperature sensor is used to collect dew point temperature. Specifically, the HTY7905 can be selected. It has a wide measurement range, with a temperature range of -20 to 60℃ and a dew point temperature range of -40 to 60℃DP. It has high accuracy, and the dew point temperature accuracy can reach ±1 in an environment of 30 to 100% RH and 5 to 40℃.

[0057] The surface temperature sensor is used to collect surface temperature. Specifically, it can be a thermocouple-type surface temperature sensor, which can adapt to a wide temperature range of -200℃ to 1300℃ and meet the measurement needs of extreme environments (such as high-temperature deserts and frigid permafrost areas). However, its accuracy is relatively low (error of about ±0.5℃).

[0058] The soil temperature sensor is used to collect soil temperature data. Specifically, it can be a Campbell Scientific CS650 insertion sensor with a temperature measurement range of -40℃ to 60℃ and an accuracy of ±0.3℃. It is suitable for long-term buried monitoring and is compatible with automatic weather station systems.

[0059] The air temperature and humidity sensor is used to collect air temperature and humidity. Specifically, it can be SHT30, with a temperature measurement error of ±0.3℃, humidity of ±2% RH (40%-60% RH range), humidity response time of <8 seconds, and temperature response time of <5 seconds, which can quickly capture environmental changes.

[0060] The wind speed sensor is used to collect wind speed. Specifically, it can be the Gill Instruments WindSonic. It has no rotating parts, a long lifespan, and is suitable for remote areas, high-altitude towers, and other difficult-to-maintain scenarios. It has 360° no blind spots and can measure wind speed and wind direction simultaneously. It has an operating temperature of -40℃ to 60℃, is resistant to low temperatures and corrosion, and is suitable for extreme environments such as polar regions and coastal areas.

[0061] In this embodiment, by integrating the above-mentioned multiple sensors, data such as downward solar shortwave radiation, downward longwave radiation from the sky, upward longwave radiation from the atmosphere, upward longwave radiation from the ground surface, dew point temperature, ground surface temperature, soil temperature, air temperature and humidity, and wind speed can be acquired simultaneously, thereby providing data support for monitoring potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration in water conservation areas.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] Combination Figure 1 This embodiment further defines the portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in water conservation areas described in Embodiment 1. The specific implementation details are as follows:

[0064] The Bowen ratio module includes an input interface, a processor, and an output interface;

[0065] The input interface is used to obtain the input data collected by the data acquisition module from the storage module; specifically, the Advanced Host Controller Interface can be selected, which supports hot-swapping and manages SATA port connections, data transmission (read / write commands, DMA), error detection and correction;

[0066] The processor is used to calculate the Bowen ratio from the input data, and the calculation formula is:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, β represents the Bowen ratio, and T i T d T mThese represent the air temperature, dew point temperature, and highest air temperature of the day of observation, respectively. The output interface is connected to the processing module and is used to transmit the BRV ratio output by the processor to the processing module. The output interface can be selected as NI 9263, compatible with voltage / current output, HART communication protocol, and SPI interface.

[0069] Example 4

[0070] Combination Figure 1 This embodiment further defines the portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in water conservation areas described in Embodiment 1. The specific implementation details are as follows:

[0071] The processing module includes an input submodule, a computation submodule, and a communication submodule;

[0072] The input submodule is linked to the storage module and is used to read data from the storage module and receive the output of the Bowen ratio module; it mainly consists of physical storage medium, interface controller, bus system, error checking unit and power protection circuit;

[0073] The calculation submodule is used to calculate potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, and the Bowen ratio when no output is received from the Bowen ratio module; the potential evapotranspiration is calculated as follows:

[0074]

[0075] In the formula, E p It represents potential evapotranspiration, Δ represents the slope of the vapor pressure curve, and R... n γ is the net surface radiation, G is the soil heat flux, γ is the wet / dry surface constant, and T is the soil heat flux. a The average temperature of the day, u s It's wind speed, e s It is the saturated vapor pressure, e a It is the actual vapor pressure;

[0076] The actual evaporation calculation is as follows:

[0077]

[0078] In the formula, ET represents the actual evaporation;

[0079] The communication submodule is used to transmit the potential evaporation and actual evaporation calculated by the computation submodule to the storage module; it can be an embedded processor STM32, a USB-to-SPI bridge chip, a Serial Peripheral Interface, a PCIe-to-SATA bridge, etc.

[0080] Example 5

[0081] Combination Figure 1 This embodiment further defines the portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in water conservation areas described in Embodiment 1. The specific implementation details are as follows:

[0082] The display module is connected to the processing module and is used to display the potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, and Bowen ratio calculated by the processing module.

[0083] The above five specific embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions provided by this utility model, and are intended to demonstrate the advantages and characteristics of the technical solutions provided by this utility model. Any technical optimizations and innovations, equivalent substitutions of embodiments, etc., made to this utility model with reference to the technical ideas, design principles and implementation spirit of this utility model shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solutions of this utility model.

Claims

1. A portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in water conservation areas, characterized in that, The device includes: a data acquisition module, a storage module, a Bowen ratio module, a processing module, and a display module; The data acquisition module is used to collect input data and transmit the collected input data to the storage module for storage; The storage module is used to store the input data collected by the data acquisition module, the Bowen ratio data returned by the Bowen ratio module, and the surface evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration data returned by the processing module. The Bowen ratio module is used to read the input data stored in the storage module, calculate the Bowen ratio, and transmit the calculated Bowen ratio to the storage module and the processing module. The processing module is used to read the input data stored in the storage module, receive the Bowen ratio data calculated by the Bowen ratio module, process it into potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration data, and feed it back to the storage module for storage. The display module is used to display the results of the data acquisition module, the Bowen ratio module, and the processing module.

2. The portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in a water conservation area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition module includes a sensor submodule and an interface submodule; The sensor submodule includes multiple sensors: a four-component radiation sensor, a capacitive dew point meter, a surface temperature sensor, a soil temperature sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor, and a wind speed sensor, used to collect downward solar shortwave radiation, downward sky longwave radiation, upward atmospheric longwave radiation, upward surface longwave radiation, dew point temperature, surface temperature, soil temperature, air temperature and humidity, and wind speed. The interface submodule is linked to the storage module and is used to transmit the input data collected by the data acquisition module to the storage module for storage.

3. A portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in a water conservation area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Bowen ratio module includes an input interface, a processor, and an output interface; The input interface is used to obtain the input data collected by the data acquisition module from the storage module; The processor is used to calculate the Bowen ratio from the input data, and the calculation formula is: In the formula, β represents the Bowen ratio, and T i T d T m These represent the air temperature, dew point temperature, and highest air temperature on the day of observation, respectively. The output interface is linked to the processing module and is used to transmit the Bowen ratio output by the processor to the processing module.

4. A portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in a water conservation area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The processing module includes an input submodule, a computation submodule, and a communication submodule; The input submodule is linked to the storage module and is used to read data from the storage module and receive the output of the Bowen ratio module; The calculation submodule is used to calculate potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, and the Bowen ratio when no output is received from the Bowen ratio module; the potential evapotranspiration is calculated as follows: In the formula, E p It represents potential evapotranspiration, Δ represents the slope of the vapor pressure curve, and R... n γ is the net surface radiation, G is the soil heat flux, γ is the wet / dry surface constant, and T is the soil heat flux. a The average temperature of the day, u s It's wind speed, e s It is the saturated vapor pressure, e a It is the actual vapor pressure; The actual evaporation calculation is as follows: In the formula, ET represents the actual evaporation; The communication submodule is used to transmit the potential evaporation and actual evaporation calculated by the calculation submodule to the storage module.

5. A portable device for monitoring surface evapotranspiration in a water conservation area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The display module is connected to the processing module and is used to display the potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, and Bowen ratio calculated by the processing module.

Images