A hydrogen fuel cell system and vehicle
By introducing hydrogen storage modules and heat transfer devices into the hydrogen fuel cell system, hydrogen recycling and heat recovery are achieved, solving the problem of low hydrogen utilization, improving driving range and reducing energy consumption.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 河北长征汽车制造有限公司
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
Existing hydrogen fuel cell systems have low hydrogen utilization rates, resulting in insufficient driving range.
A hydrogen fuel cell system was designed, comprising a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage module, and a heat transfer device. The heat transfer device enables heat transfer between the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen storage module. The hydrogen storage module can absorb and release hydrogen, and the flow of hydrogen is controlled by valves to improve the recycling rate of hydrogen.
This improves the utilization rate of hydrogen, extends the driving range of hydrogen fuel cell systems, and reduces energy consumption and costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN224304692U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell technology, and in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell system and vehicle. Background Technology
[0002] Hydrogen fuel cell systems offer advantages such as high energy conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness, leading to their widespread application in spacecraft, vehicles, and data center backup power. However, among related technologies, hydrogen fuel cell systems have a relatively low hydrogen utilization rate, resulting in a shorter driving range. Utility Model Content
[0003] This application provides a hydrogen fuel cell system and vehicle that can improve the utilization rate of hydrogen in the hydrogen fuel cell system, thereby increasing the driving range of the hydrogen fuel cell system.
[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a hydrogen fuel cell system, comprising a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage module, and a heat transfer device. The fuel cell stack has a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet; the hydrogen storage module forms a gas cavity, which has at least a first connected state and a second connected state. In the first connected state, the gas cavity is connected to the hydrogen inlet, and in the second connected state, the gas cavity is connected to the hydrogen outlet; the heat transfer device is connected between the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen storage module to transfer heat between them, enabling the hydrogen storage module to absorb hydrogen from the gas cavity or release hydrogen into the gas cavity.
[0005] The hydrogen fuel cell system provided in this application includes a hydrogen storage module capable of absorbing and releasing hydrogen. The gas chamber of the hydrogen storage module is connected to the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack, allowing hydrogen that has not participated in the electrochemical reaction in the stack to enter the gas chamber through the outlet, enabling the hydrogen storage module to absorb this unreacted hydrogen and achieve hydrogen recovery. The gas chamber of the hydrogen storage module is also connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, allowing hydrogen released from the module to enter the stack and participate in the electrochemical reaction within it. Thus, the hydrogen storage module can both recover unreacted hydrogen from the stack and release hydrogen back into the stack, achieving hydrogen recycling. Compared to directly venting unreacted hydrogen into the atmosphere through the outlet, this application improves hydrogen utilization and enhances the driving range of the hydrogen fuel cell system.
[0006] Furthermore, the hydrogen fuel cell system provided in this application includes a heat transfer device connecting the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen storage module. The fuel cell stack can cool or heat the hydrogen storage module, enabling it to absorb or release hydrogen. The cooling or heating required by the hydrogen storage module during hydrogen absorption and release is provided by the fuel cell stack, eliminating the need for separate heating or cooling devices for the hydrogen storage module. This also achieves the recovery and utilization of heat or cooling from the fuel cell stack, which helps reduce energy consumption and lowers the cost of the hydrogen fuel cell system.
[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, the heat transfer device includes a first temperature-regulating conduit and a second temperature-regulating conduit. The first temperature-regulating conduit exchanges heat with the fuel cell stack, and the second temperature-regulating conduit exchanges heat with the hydrogen storage module. The inlet end of the second temperature-regulating conduit can be connected to the outlet end of the first temperature-regulating conduit.
[0008] In this way, the inlet end of the second temperature regulating pipeline is connected to the outlet end of the first temperature regulating pipeline, and the temperature regulating medium can flow from the first temperature regulating pipeline to the second temperature regulating pipeline to realize heat transfer between the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen storage module. The heat transfer efficiency is high and the heat transfer cost is low.
[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some possible implementations, the heat transfer device includes a first temperature-regulating conduit and a second temperature-regulating conduit. The heat transfer device also includes a heat exchanger, which includes a first heat exchange conduit and a second heat exchange conduit. The first heat exchange conduit and the second heat exchange conduit exchange heat with each other. The outlet end of the first temperature-regulating conduit can be connected to the inlet end of the first heat exchange conduit, and the inlet end of the second temperature-regulating conduit can be connected to the outlet end of the second heat exchange conduit.
[0010] By connecting the outlet of the first temperature-regulating pipe to the inlet of the first heat exchange pipe, the first temperature-regulating medium can flow from the first temperature-regulating pipe to the first heat exchange pipe, thereby transferring heat from the fuel cell stack to the first heat exchange pipe. The first heat exchange pipe exchanges heat with the second heat exchange pipe, allowing heat from the first heat exchange pipe to be transferred to the second heat exchange pipe. Similarly, the inlet of the second temperature-regulating pipe is connected to the outlet of the second heat exchange pipe, allowing the second temperature-regulating medium to flow from the second heat exchange pipe to the second temperature-regulating pipe, thereby transferring heat from the second heat exchange pipe to the second temperature-regulating pipe. In this way, heat from the fuel cell stack is sequentially transferred to the hydrogen storage module via the first temperature-regulating pipe, the first heat exchange pipe, the second heat exchange pipe, and the second temperature-regulating pipe, achieving heat transfer between the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen storage module with high efficiency.
[0011] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementation, in some possible implementations, a valve is provided between at least one of the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet and the gas chamber, so that at least one of the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet can be selectively connected to the gas chamber.
[0012] By installing a valve between the hydrogen outlet and the gas chamber, the gas chamber can be isolated from the hydrogen outlet, which helps to reduce the gas pressure in the gas chamber during the hydrogen release process of the hydrogen storage module, thereby improving the hydrogen release rate.
[0013] By installing a valve between the hydrogen inlet and the gas chamber, the gas chamber can be isolated from the hydrogen inlet in the event of thermal runaway, preventing the hydrogen storage module from supplying excessive hydrogen to the fuel cell stack and wasting hydrogen. Furthermore, the gas discharged through the hydrogen outlet often contains impurities such as nitrogen in addition to hydrogen. By installing a valve between the hydrogen inlet and the gas chamber, the hydrogen inlet can be isolated from the gas chamber during the hydrogen absorption process of the hydrogen storage module. This ensures that after the hydrogen in the gas discharged through the hydrogen outlet is absorbed by the hydrogen storage module, the remaining impurities are less likely to re-enter the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen inlet, which is beneficial for improving the electrochemical reaction rate of the fuel cell stack.
[0014] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementation methods, in some possible implementation methods, the air chamber also has an exhaust port, which is provided with an exhaust valve so that the exhaust port can be selectively connected to the atmosphere.
[0015] By including an exhaust port in the gas chamber, the hydrogen in the gas discharged from the hydrogen outlet is absorbed by the hydrogen storage module, while the remaining impurities can be discharged from the gas chamber through the exhaust port. This prevents the remaining impurities from accumulating in the gas chamber and causing overpressure. An exhaust valve is installed at the exhaust port to open and close it. During the hydrogen release process by the hydrogen storage module, the exhaust valve can close the exhaust port, preventing the released hydrogen from escaping into the atmosphere and reducing hydrogen loss.
[0016] Combining the first aspect and the above implementation methods, in some possible implementation methods, the number of air chambers is at least two, and at least two air chambers are connected in parallel.
[0017] This is beneficial for increasing the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate, thereby improving the utilization rate of hydrogen resources and the power supply capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell system. Moreover, at least two gas chambers can be used for hydrogen absorption and desorption respectively, and hydrogen absorption and desorption can be carried out simultaneously, which helps to save hydrogen resources.
[0018] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementation methods, in some possible implementation methods, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a connecting pipeline, which is connected between the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet, and is connected in parallel with the gas chamber.
[0019] In this way, the hydrogen discharged through the hydrogen outlet can be returned to the fuel cell stack through the connecting pipeline, enabling the recycling of hydrogen even if the hydrogen storage module fails, which helps to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen.
[0020] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementation methods, in some possible implementation methods, the connecting pipeline is provided with a valve structure so that the connecting pipeline can selectively connect the hydrogen inlet to the hydrogen outlet.
[0021] This allows the gas discharged from the hydrogen outlet to return to the fuel cell stack without going through the connecting pipeline. When the hydrogen content in the gas discharged from the hydrogen outlet is low, such as during the process of draining water and removing nitrogen from the fuel cell stack, guiding the gas discharged from the hydrogen outlet into the hydrogen storage device instead of directly guiding it back to the fuel cell stack through the connecting pipeline is beneficial to improving the electrochemical reaction rate of the fuel cell stack.
[0022] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementation methods, in some possible implementation methods, the hydrogen fuel cell system also includes a one-way valve, which has an inlet and an outlet, with the inlet connected to the hydrogen exhaust port and the outlet connected to the gas chamber.
[0023] This helps reduce the risk of hydrogen flowing back from the gas chamber to the hydrogen outlet, reduces the failure rate of the fuel cell stack, and increases the hydrogen absorption rate of the hydrogen storage module.
[0024] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementation methods, in some possible implementation methods, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a first pipeline connected between the gas chamber and the hydrogen inlet, and the first pipeline is provided with a first pressure relief valve.
[0025] By equipping the first pipeline with a first pressure relief valve, the risk of overpressure can be reduced and safety improved.
[0026] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementation methods, in some possible implementation methods, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a second pipeline connected between the gas chamber and the hydrogen inlet, and the second pipeline is equipped with a second pressure relief valve.
[0027] By equipping the second pipeline with a second pressure relief valve, the risk of overpressure can be reduced and safety improved.
[0028] Secondly, this application provides a vehicle that includes the hydrogen fuel cell system provided in the first aspect of this application and the above-described implementation.
[0029] The vehicle provided in this application includes the hydrogen fuel cell system provided in the first aspect of this application and the above-described implementation method, and can achieve the same technical effect, namely, it can improve the range of the hydrogen fuel cell system. Attached Figure Description
[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0031] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the hydrogen fuel system in the embodiments of this application;
[0032] Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the hydrogen fuel system in the embodiments of this application.
[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:
[0034] 1. Fuel cell stack; 11. Hydrogen inlet; 12. Hydrogen outlet; 13. Air inlet; 14. Air outlet; 2. Hydrogen storage module; 21. Gas chamber; 22. Exhaust valve; 23. First temperature sensor; 24. Material resistance sensor; 3. Heat transfer device; 31. First temperature control pipeline; 32. Second temperature control pipeline; 33. High temperature shut-off valve; 34. Low temperature shut-off valve; 4. Air exhaust pipe; 5. First pipeline; 51. First pressure relief valve; 52. Second pressure sensor; 53. Third valve; 54. Second temperature sensor; 6. Second pipeline; 61. Second pressure relief valve; 62. Third pressure sensor; 63. Check valve; 64. Gas-liquid separator; 641. Drain valve; 65. Second air pump; 7. Ejector; 8. Controller; 9. Connecting pipeline; 91. Valve structure. Detailed Implementation
[0035] The technical solutions in this application will now be described clearly and in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this application.
[0037] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
[0038] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or". For example, A / B can mean A or B. The "and / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more.
[0039] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
[0040] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0041] This application provides a vehicle that includes a hydrogen fuel cell system. The vehicle can be of various types; exemplary examples include automobiles or rail vehicles. Automobiles include, for example, sedans, SUVs, and sport utility vehicles (SUVs).
[0042] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The hydrogen fuel cell system provided in this application includes a fuel cell stack 1, a hydrogen storage module 2, and a heat transfer device 3. The fuel cell stack 1 has a hydrogen inlet 11 and a hydrogen outlet 12. The hydrogen storage module 2 forms a gas cavity 21, which has at least a first connected state and a second connected state. In the first connected state, the gas cavity 21 is connected to the hydrogen inlet 11, and in the second connected state, the gas cavity 21 is connected to the hydrogen outlet 12. The heat transfer device 3 is connected between the fuel cell stack 1 and the hydrogen storage module 2 to transfer heat between them, allowing the hydrogen storage module 2 to absorb hydrogen from the gas cavity 21 or release hydrogen into the gas cavity 21.
[0043] The hydrogen fuel cell system provided in this application includes a hydrogen storage module 2, which can absorb and release hydrogen. The gas chamber 21 of the hydrogen storage module 2 is connected to the hydrogen outlet 12 of the fuel cell stack 1, allowing hydrogen that has not participated in the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack 1 to enter the gas chamber 21 through the hydrogen outlet 12, enabling the hydrogen storage module 2 to absorb the hydrogen that has not participated in the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack 1, thus achieving hydrogen recovery. The gas chamber 21 of the hydrogen storage module 2 is also connected to the hydrogen inlet 11 of the fuel cell stack 1, allowing hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage module 2 to enter the fuel cell stack 1 through the hydrogen inlet 11 and participate in the electrochemical reaction within the fuel cell stack 1. In this way, the hydrogen storage module 2 can both recover hydrogen that has not participated in the electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack 1 and release hydrogen into the fuel cell stack 1, achieving hydrogen recycling. Compared to the direct discharge of hydrogen that has not participated in the electrochemical reaction into the atmosphere through the hydrogen outlet 12, the hydrogen fuel cell system provided in this application improves the utilization rate of hydrogen, which is beneficial for increasing the driving range of the hydrogen fuel cell system.
[0044] Furthermore, in the hydrogen fuel cell system provided in this application embodiment, a heat transfer device 3 connects the fuel cell stack 1 and the hydrogen storage module 2. The fuel cell stack 1 can cool or heat the hydrogen storage module 2, enabling the hydrogen storage module 2 to absorb or release hydrogen. The cooling or heating required by the hydrogen storage module 2 during hydrogen absorption and release is provided by the fuel cell stack 1, eliminating the need for separate heating or cooling devices for the hydrogen storage module 2. Moreover, it achieves the recovery and utilization of the heat or cooling energy of the fuel cell stack 1, which helps reduce energy consumption and lower the cost of the hydrogen fuel cell system.
[0045] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Generally, the hydrogen in the fuel cell stack 1 that does not participate in the electrochemical reaction includes: hydrogen used to purge the anode before the fuel cell stack 1 is started, hydrogen used to purge the anode after the fuel cell stack 1 is shut down, and hydrogen that does not participate in the electrochemical reaction during the operation of the fuel cell stack 1, including hydrogen discharged during the drainage and nitrogen removal process of the fuel cell stack 1.
[0046] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Generally, the fuel cell stack 1 also has an air inlet 13 and an air outlet 14. Air enters the fuel cell stack 1 through the air inlet 13, where oxygen can react electrochemically with hydrogen entering the fuel cell stack 1 through the hydrogen inlet 11 to generate electricity. Oxygen and other gases in the air that do not participate in the electrochemical reaction can be discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 through the air outlet 14. Similarly, hydrogen that does not participate in the electrochemical reaction can be discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 through the hydrogen outlet 12. The solid arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of gas flow.
[0047] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes an air exhaust pipe 4, one end of which is connected to an air outlet 14, and the other end of which is connected to the atmosphere. The hydrogen fuel cell system also includes an air intake pipe, one end of which is connected to an air inlet 13, and the other end of which is connected to the atmosphere.
[0048] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a hydrogen inlet pipe, one end of which is connected to a hydrogen source and the other end of which is connected to a hydrogen inlet 11.
[0049] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is understood that, in the embodiments of this application, in the first connected state, the hydrogen released by the hydrogen storage module 2 can enter the fuel cell stack 1 through the hydrogen inlet 11. In some embodiments of this application, in the first connected state, the gas chamber 21 is connected to the hydrogen inlet pipe, so as to the hydrogen inlet 11. In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes an ejector 7, which has a first input end, a second input end, and an output end. The first input end is connected to the hydrogen source, the second input end is connected to the gas chamber 21, and the output end is connected to the hydrogen inlet 11.
[0050] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a first gas pump 65 disposed between the hydrogen inlet 11 and the gas chamber 21. The first gas pump is used to drive the gas in the gas chamber 21 to flow towards the hydrogen inlet 11.
[0051] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is understood that, in the second connected state of this application embodiment, hydrogen gas can be discharged into the gas chamber 21 through the hydrogen outlet 12, allowing the hydrogen storage module 2 to absorb it. It should be explained that, in this application embodiment, the absorption of hydrogen gas by the hydrogen storage module 2 refers to the combination of hydrogen gas with the hydrogen storage module 2. This combination can take various forms, such as the physical adsorption of hydrogen gas by at least a portion of the structure of the hydrogen storage module 2, or a reversible chemical reaction between at least a portion of the structure of the hydrogen storage module 2 and hydrogen gas to generate hydrides. These hydrides can decompose, allowing the hydrogen storage module 2 to also release hydrogen gas.
[0052] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a second gas pump 65, which is disposed between the hydrogen outlet 12 and the gas chamber 21. The second gas pump 65 is used to drive the gas discharged from the hydrogen outlet 12 to flow into the gas chamber 21.
[0053] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen storage module 2 includes a tank and a solid hydrogen storage material. The hydrogen storage material fills the tank and forms a gas cavity 21. The hydrogen storage material can combine with hydrogen to absorb hydrogen, and it can also separate from hydrogen to release hydrogen. In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen storage material is a metal alloy that can combine with hydrogen to generate hydrides. The metal alloy can be magnesium-based, titanium-based, or rare earth-based alloys. Titanium-based alloys are, for example, ferrotitanium, and rare earth-based alloys are, for example, LaNi5. LaNi5 can undergo a reversible chemical reaction with hydrogen to generate LaNi5H6.
[0054] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen storage material is LaNi5 doped with TiO2 nanoparticles. This results in high hydrogen absorption efficiency and long cycle life for the hydrogen storage material.
[0055] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is understood that, in the embodiments of this application, the fuel cell stack 1 can transfer heat or cold to the hydrogen storage module 2 through the heat transfer device 3, so that the hydrogen storage module 2 is at a first temperature, thereby allowing the hydrogen storage module 2 to release hydrogen, or to a second temperature, thereby allowing the hydrogen storage module 2 to absorb hydrogen. In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen storage material is LaNi5, the first temperature can be 25 to 50 degrees Celsius, preferably 50 degrees Celsius, and the second temperature can be 60 to 90 degrees Celsius, preferably 80 degrees Celsius.
[0056] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Generally, during the operation of fuel cell stack 1, the reaction between oxygen and hydrogen in fuel cell stack 1 generates a large amount of heat. The temperature of fuel cell stack 1 during operation is generally 60 to 90 degrees Celsius. By connecting fuel cell stack 1 and hydrogen storage module 2 together through heat transfer device 3, the waste heat generated by fuel cell stack 1 can be used to heat hydrogen storage module 2, so that the waste heat generated by fuel cell stack 1 is fully utilized, which helps to reduce heat loss and save costs.
[0057] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen storage material is LaNi5. The temperature required for the hydrogen storage material to absorb hydrogen is relatively low, and the heat transfer device 3 may not operate during this process to save energy. However, in some embodiments of this application, the heat transfer device 3 can operate during the hydrogen storage material's absorption of hydrogen. The fuel cell stack 1 can heat the hydrogen storage material to 50 degrees Celsius via the heat transfer device 3 to allow it to absorb hydrogen. Alternatively, the fuel cell stack 1 can heat the hydrogen storage material to 80 degrees Celsius via the heat transfer device 3 to allow it to release hydrogen. When the fuel cell stack 1 generates a high amount of heat, such as a temperature greater than or equal to 80 degrees Celsius, it can heat the hydrogen storage material to a higher temperature to allow it to release hydrogen. When the fuel cell stack 1 generates a low amount of heat, such as a temperature less than or equal to 60 degrees Celsius, it can heat the hydrogen storage material to a slightly lower temperature to allow it to absorb hydrogen.
[0058] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the heat transfer device 3 includes a first temperature-regulating pipe 31 and a second temperature-regulating pipe 32. The first temperature-regulating pipe 31 exchanges heat with the fuel cell stack 1, and the second temperature-regulating pipe 32 exchanges heat with the hydrogen storage module 2. The inlet end of the second temperature-regulating pipe 32 can be connected to the outlet end of the first temperature-regulating pipe 31. In this way, the inlet end of the second temperature-regulating pipe 32 is connected to the outlet end of the first temperature-regulating pipe 31, and the temperature-regulating medium can flow from the first temperature-regulating pipe 31 to the second temperature-regulating pipe 32 to realize heat transfer between the fuel cell stack 1 and the hydrogen storage module 2. The heat transfer efficiency is high, and the heat transfer cost is low.
[0059] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is understood that, in this embodiment, the temperature-regulating medium can absorb heat from the fuel cell stack 1 at the first temperature-regulating pipe 31 to raise its temperature, and then flow to the second temperature-regulating pipe 32, thereby transferring the heat absorbed from the fuel cell stack 1 to the second temperature-regulating pipe 32 to heat the hydrogen storage module 2; or, the temperature-regulating medium can absorb cold energy from the fuel cell stack 1 at the first temperature-regulating pipe 31 to lower its temperature, and then flow to the second temperature-regulating pipe 32, thereby transferring the cold energy absorbed from the fuel cell stack 1 to the second temperature-regulating pipe 32 to cool the hydrogen storage module 2. The dashed arrows in the figure indicate the flow direction of the temperature-regulating medium.
[0060] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a first medium pump, the first medium pump, the second temperature regulating pipeline 32 and the first temperature regulating pipeline 31 are connected, and the first medium pump is used to drive the temperature regulating medium to flow from the first temperature regulating pipeline 31 to the second temperature regulating pipeline 32.
[0061] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the first temperature regulating pipe 31 may form a loop with the second temperature regulating pipe 32. Of course, in other embodiments of this application, the first temperature regulating pipe 31 may not form a loop with the second temperature regulating pipe 32.
[0062] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system includes a controller 8, a first regulating valve, and a first temperature sensor 23. The first regulating valve is located between the inlet of the second temperature regulating pipeline 32 and the outlet of the first temperature regulating pipeline 31. The first temperature sensor 23 can detect the temperature inside the gas chamber 21. The controller 8 is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor 23 and can control the opening and closing degree of the first regulating valve according to the output signal of the first temperature sensor 23, thereby controlling the flow rate of the second temperature regulating pipeline 32 and thus controlling the temperature inside the gas chamber 21. In this way, the temperature inside the gas chamber 21 can be maintained within the target range to improve the hydrogen absorption and release rates of the hydrogen storage material. In some embodiments of this application, the first regulating valve can be a throttling valve or an expansion valve, etc. The dashed lines in the figure refer to the connecting cables connected to the controller 8.
[0063] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a high-temperature shut-off valve 33, which is disposed between the inlet end of the second temperature regulating pipeline 32 and the outlet end of the first temperature regulating pipeline 31. Thus, in the event of thermal runaway, the controller 8 can control the high-temperature shut-off valve 33 to cut off the connection between the inlet end of the second temperature regulating pipeline 32 and the outlet end of the first temperature regulating pipeline 31.
[0064] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a cryogenic shut-off valve 34, which is disposed between the outlet end of the second temperature regulating pipeline 32 and the inlet end of the first temperature regulating pipeline 31. Thus, the controller 8 can use the cryogenic shut-off valve 34 to cut off the connection between the outlet end of the second temperature regulating pipeline 32 and the inlet end of the first temperature regulating pipeline 31.
[0065] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the heat transfer device 3 includes a first temperature-regulating pipe 31 and a second temperature-regulating pipe 32. The heat transfer device 3 also includes a heat exchanger, which includes a first heat exchange pipe and a second heat exchange pipe. The first heat exchange pipe and the second heat exchange pipe exchange heat with each other. The outlet end of the first temperature-regulating pipe 31 can be connected to the inlet end of the first heat exchange pipe, and the inlet end of the second temperature-regulating pipe 32 can be connected to the outlet end of the second heat exchange pipe.
[0066] By connecting the outlet end of the first temperature-regulating pipe 31 to the inlet end of the first heat exchange pipe, the first temperature-regulating medium can flow from the first temperature-regulating pipe 31 to the first heat exchange pipe, thereby transferring heat from the fuel cell stack 1 to the first heat exchange pipe. The first heat exchange pipe exchanges heat with the second heat exchange pipe, allowing heat from the first heat exchange pipe to be transferred to the second heat exchange pipe. The inlet end of the second temperature-regulating pipe 32 is connected to the outlet end of the second heat exchange pipe, allowing the second temperature-regulating medium to flow from the second heat exchange pipe to the second temperature-regulating pipe 32, thereby transferring heat from the second heat exchange pipe to the second temperature-regulating pipe 32. In this way, the heat from the fuel cell stack 1 is sequentially transferred to the hydrogen storage module 2 via the first temperature-regulating pipe 31, the first heat exchange pipe, the second heat exchange pipe, and the second temperature-regulating pipe 32, achieving heat transfer between the fuel cell stack 1 and the hydrogen storage module 2 with high heat transfer efficiency.
[0067] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is understood that, in this embodiment of the application, the first temperature regulating medium can absorb heat from the fuel cell stack 1 at the first temperature regulating pipe 31 and rise in temperature, and then flow to the first heat exchange pipe, thereby transferring the heat absorbed from the fuel cell stack 1 to the first heat exchange pipe. The first heat exchange pipe and the second heat exchange pipe exchange heat with each other, so that the second cooling medium in the second heat exchange pipe can absorb heat from the first heat exchange pipe and rise in temperature. The second temperature regulating pipe 32 is connected to the second heat exchange pipe, so that the second temperature regulating medium can flow from the second heat exchange pipe to the second temperature regulating pipe 32, thereby transferring the heat absorbed from the first heat exchange pipe to the second temperature regulating pipe 32 to heat the hydrogen storage module 2.
[0068] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the second temperature-regulating medium can be water or air, etc. This results in a lower cost for the second temperature-regulating medium.
[0069] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the second temperature-regulating pipe 32 is a spiral copper pipe. When hot water at 80 degrees Celsius is introduced into the second temperature-regulating pipe 32, the hydrogen release rate of LaNi5 doped with TiO2 nanoparticles is 0.8 g / min.
[0070] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a second medium pump, the second medium pump, the first temperature regulating pipeline 31 and the first heat exchange pipeline are connected, and the first medium pump is used to drive the temperature regulating medium to flow from the first temperature regulating pipeline 31 to the first heat exchange pipeline.
[0071] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2In some embodiments of this application, the first temperature-regulating pipe 31 may form a circulation loop with the first heat exchange pipe. Of course, in other embodiments of this application, the first temperature-regulating pipe 31 may not form a circulation loop with the first heat exchange pipe.
[0072] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a third medium pump, which is connected to the second temperature regulating pipeline 32 and the second heat exchange pipeline. The third medium pump is used to drive the temperature regulating medium to flow from the second heat exchange pipeline to the second temperature regulating pipeline 32.
[0073] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the second temperature-regulating pipe 32 may form a circulation loop with the second heat exchange pipe. Of course, in other embodiments of this application, the second temperature-regulating pipe 32 may not form a circulation loop with the second heat exchange pipe.
[0074] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system includes a controller 8, a second regulating valve, and a first temperature sensor 23. The second regulating valve is located between the outlet end of the first temperature regulating pipeline 31 and the inlet end of the first heat exchange pipeline. The first temperature sensor 23 can detect the temperature inside the gas chamber 21. The controller 8 is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor 23 and can control the opening and closing degree of the second regulating valve according to the output signal of the first temperature sensor 23, thereby controlling the flow rate of the first heat exchange pipeline and thus controlling the temperature inside the gas chamber 21. In this way, the temperature inside the gas chamber 21 can be maintained within the target range to improve the hydrogen absorption and release rates of the hydrogen storage material. In some embodiments of this application, the second regulating valve can be a throttling valve or an expansion valve, etc.
[0075] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a controller 8, a third regulating valve, and a first temperature sensor 23. The third regulating valve is located between the inlet end of the second temperature regulating pipeline 32 and the outlet end of the second heat exchange pipeline. The first temperature sensor 23 can detect the temperature inside the gas chamber 21. The controller 8 is electrically connected to the first temperature sensor 23 and can control the opening and closing degree of the third regulating valve according to the output signal of the first temperature sensor 23, thereby controlling the flow rate of the second temperature regulating pipeline 32 and thus controlling the temperature inside the gas chamber 21. In this way, the temperature inside the gas chamber 21 can be maintained within the target range to improve the hydrogen absorption and release rates of the hydrogen storage material. In some embodiments of this application, the third regulating valve can be a throttling valve.
[0076] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a second pipeline 6, which connects the gas chamber 21 and the hydrogen outlet 12. The first temperature regulating pipeline 31 exchanges heat with the second pipeline 6. In this way, when the hydrogen storage module 2 needs to absorb hydrogen, the first temperature regulating pipeline 31 can first heat the hydrogen in the second pipeline 6 to a first temperature. Especially when the heat generation of the fuel cell stack 1 is low, the hydrogen is preheated to the first temperature before entering the gas chamber 21, so that the hydrogen can be absorbed by the hydrogen storage module 2 more quickly after entering the gas chamber 21.
[0077] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, a multi-stage filter is provided between the hydrogen outlet 12 and the gas chamber 21. This helps to reduce contamination of the hydrogen storage module 2.
[0078] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, a gas-liquid separator 64 is provided between the hydrogen outlet 12 and the gas chamber 21. The gas-liquid separator 64 includes an inlet, a liquid outlet, and a gas outlet. The inlet is connected to the hydrogen outlet 12, the liquid outlet is connected to the atmosphere, and the gas outlet is connected to the gas chamber 21. The gas discharged through the hydrogen outlet 12 often contains water. The gas-liquid separator 64 can separate the gas from the liquid in the gas discharged through the hydrogen outlet 12. The separated water is discharged to the atmosphere, and the separated gas enters the gas chamber 21, where the hydrogen storage module 2 absorbs the hydrogen. The dotted arrow in the figure indicates the flow direction of the liquid discharged from the liquid outlet.
[0079] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a drain pipe, which connects the liquid outlet to the air exhaust pipe 4 so that the liquid outlet is in communication with the atmosphere. In some embodiments of this application, the drain pipe is provided with a drain valve 641.
[0080] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, at least one of the hydrogen inlet 11 and the hydrogen outlet 12 is provided with a valve between it and the gas chamber 21, so that at least one of the hydrogen inlet 11 and the hydrogen outlet 12 can be selectively connected to the gas chamber 21.
[0081] By installing a valve between the hydrogen outlet 12 and the gas chamber 21, the gas chamber 21 can be isolated from the hydrogen outlet 12, which helps to reduce the gas pressure in the gas chamber 21 during the hydrogen release process of the hydrogen storage module 2, thereby helping to improve the hydrogen release rate.
[0082] By installing a valve between the hydrogen inlet 11 and the gas chamber 21, the gas chamber 21 can be isolated from the hydrogen inlet 11 in the event of thermal runaway, preventing the hydrogen storage module 2 from supplying excessive hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 1 and thus avoiding hydrogen waste. Furthermore, the gas discharged through the hydrogen outlet 12 often contains impurities such as nitrogen in addition to hydrogen, which are not absorbed by the hydrogen storage module 2. By installing a valve between the hydrogen inlet 11 and the gas chamber 21, the hydrogen inlet 11 can be isolated from the gas chamber 21 during the hydrogen absorption process of the hydrogen storage module 2. This ensures that after the hydrogen in the gas discharged through the hydrogen outlet 12 is absorbed by the hydrogen storage module 2, the remaining impurities are less likely to re-enter the fuel cell stack 1 through the hydrogen inlet 11, which is beneficial for improving the electrochemical reaction rate of the fuel cell stack 1.
[0083] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is understood that in this embodiment of the application, the gas chamber 21 has an inlet and an outlet. The outlet can be connected to the hydrogen inlet 11, and the inlet can be connected to the hydrogen outlet 12. A valve can be provided between the outlet and the hydrogen inlet 11, and a valve can be provided between the inlet and the hydrogen outlet 12.
[0084] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the valve can be electrically connected to the controller 8, which can control the opening and closing of the valve based on the output signal of the first temperature sensor 23, so as to close the valve in the event of thermal runaway or other failures of the hydrogen storage module 2.
[0085] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the controller 8 is electrically connected to the energy management module of the fuel cell stack 1. The controller 8 can control the opening and closing of the valve according to the output signal of the energy management module, so that the hydrogen storage module 2 can absorb hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 or release hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 1. For example, in some embodiments of this application, when the energy management module detects that the fuel cell stack 1's remaining range is less than 40%, the controller 8 can control the valve between the gas chamber 21 and the hydrogen outlet 12 to open, so that the hydrogen storage module 2 can release hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 1.
[0086] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, at least one of the hydrogen inlet 11 and the hydrogen outlet 12 is provided with a valve between itself and the gas chamber 21. The hydrogen fuel cell system also includes a first pressure sensor, which can detect the pressure inside the gas chamber 21. The controller 8 is electrically connected to the first pressure sensor and can control the opening and closing degree of the control valve according to the output signal of the first pressure sensor to control the pressure inside the gas chamber 21. In this way, the pressure inside the gas chamber 21 can be maintained within a target range to improve the hydrogen absorption and release rates of the hydrogen storage material.
[0087] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the gas chamber 21 also has an exhaust port, which is equipped with an exhaust valve 22 to selectively connect the exhaust port to the atmosphere. By providing an exhaust port to the gas chamber 21, the hydrogen in the gas discharged from the hydrogen exhaust port 12 is absorbed by the hydrogen storage module 2, and the remaining impurities can be discharged from the gas chamber 21 through the exhaust port. The remaining impurities are less likely to accumulate in the gas chamber 21, causing overpressure. The exhaust port is equipped with an exhaust valve 22, which is used to open and close the exhaust port. During the process of hydrogen release from the hydrogen storage module 2, the exhaust valve 22 can close the exhaust port, making it less likely for the released hydrogen to be released into the atmosphere through the exhaust port, thus reducing hydrogen loss.
[0088] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes an exhaust pipe connected between the exhaust port and the air exhaust pipe 4. When the exhaust valve 22 is open, the exhaust port is connected to the air exhaust pipe 4 through the exhaust pipe to communicate with the atmosphere.
[0089] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the exhaust valve 22 can also be used for drainage. After hydrogen passes through the gas-liquid separator 64, some residual water may remain, which can enter the gas chamber 21 and be discharged through the exhaust valve 22.
[0090] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the number of gas chambers 21 is at least two, and at least two gas chambers 21 are connected in parallel. This is beneficial to increasing the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate, thereby improving the utilization rate of hydrogen resources and the power supply capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell system. Moreover, at least two gas chambers 21 can be used for hydrogen absorption and hydrogen desorption respectively, and hydrogen absorption and desorption can be carried out simultaneously, which is beneficial to saving hydrogen resources.
[0091] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2In some embodiments of this application, a material resistance sensor 24 is provided at each gas cavity 21. The material resistance sensor 24 is used to detect the saturation of the hydrogen storage material at each gas cavity 21. The saturation of the hydrogen storage material reflects the amount of hydrogen bound to the hydrogen storage material. The higher the saturation of the hydrogen storage material, the more hydrogen bound to the hydrogen storage material, and the higher the resistance of the hydrogen storage material to absorb hydrogen. The controller 8 is electrically connected to the material resistance sensor 24 and can control the hydrogen flow rate in each gas cavity 21 according to the material resistance sensor 24. When the saturation of the hydrogen storage material at a certain gas cavity 21 is high, the amount of hydrogen entering that gas cavity 21 can be reduced, and the hydrogen can be introduced into other gas cavities 21 so that the hydrogen storage material in other gas cavities 21 can absorb hydrogen.
[0092] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the number of valves is at least two. These at least two valves include at least two first valves, each corresponding to one of the at least two gas chambers 21, and each first valve is positioned between one of the at least two gas chambers 21 and the hydrogen inlet 11. The at least two valves also include at least two second valves, each corresponding to one of the at least two gas chambers 21, and each second valve is positioned between one of the at least two gas chambers 21 and the hydrogen outlet 12. Thus, by controlling the first and second valves, the at least two gas chambers 21 can be used for hydrogen absorption and hydrogen release respectively, with minimal mutual interference between the two processes.
[0093] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, at least two valves further include a third valve 53, which is located between the gas chamber 21 and the hydrogen inlet 11, and at least two gas chambers 21 are connected in series with the third valve 53. In some embodiments of this application, at least two valves further include a fourth valve, which is located between the gas chamber 21 and the hydrogen outlet 12, and at least two gas chambers 21 are connected in series with the fourth valve.
[0094] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a first pipeline 5, which connects the gas chamber 21 to the hydrogen inlet 11. At least two gas chambers 21 are connected in series with the first pipeline 5. The first pipeline 5 is equipped with a second pressure sensor 52, which can be electrically connected to a controller 8. The controller 8 can control the opening and closing of the valves according to the output signals of the second pressure sensor 52 and the first pressure sensor, so as to maintain the gas pressure in the gas chamber 21 within the target range, reduce the fluctuation of the gas pressure in the gas chamber 21, and improve the hydrogen release rate of the hydrogen storage module 2.
[0095] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a second pipeline 6, which connects the gas chamber 21 to the hydrogen outlet 12. At least two gas chambers 21 are connected in series with the second pipeline 6. The second pipeline 6 is equipped with a third pressure sensor 62, which can be electrically connected to the controller 8. The controller 8 can control the opening and closing degree of the valve according to the output signal of the third pressure sensor 62 and the output signal of the first pressure sensor, so as to maintain the gas pressure in the gas chamber 21 within the target range, reduce the fluctuation of the gas pressure in the gas chamber 21, and improve the hydrogen absorption rate of the hydrogen storage module 2.
[0096] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the first pipeline 5 is equipped with a second temperature sensor 54, which is electrically connected to the controller 8. Thus, the controller 8 can control the first regulating valve, the second regulating valve, or the third regulating valve based on the output signals of the second temperature sensor 54 and the first temperature sensor 23, thereby controlling the temperature within the gas chamber 21, maintaining the gas pressure within the gas chamber 21 within the target range, reducing temperature fluctuations within the gas chamber 21, and improving the hydrogen release rate of the hydrogen storage module 2.
[0097] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the second pipeline 6 is equipped with a third temperature sensor, which is electrically connected to the controller 8. Thus, the controller 8 can control the first regulating valve, the second regulating valve, or the third regulating valve based on the output signals of the third temperature sensor and the first temperature sensor 23, thereby controlling the temperature within the gas chamber 21, maintaining the gas pressure within the gas chamber 21 within the target range, reducing temperature fluctuations within the gas chamber 21, and improving the hydrogen absorption rate of the hydrogen storage module 2.
[0098] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, a mass flow meter is installed inside the gas chamber 21. The mass flow meter can detect the gas flow rate inside the gas chamber 21. The mass flow meter is electrically connected to a processor, which can calculate the hydrogen absorption and release amounts of the hydrogen storage module 2 based on the output signal of the mass flow meter. In some embodiments of this application, the processor and the controller 8 can be integrated together.
[0099] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a one-way valve 63, which has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is connected to the hydrogen outlet 12, and the outlet is connected to the gas chamber 21. This helps to reduce the risk of hydrogen flowing back from the gas chamber 21 to the hydrogen outlet 12, reduces the failure rate of the fuel cell stack 1, and increases the hydrogen absorption rate of the hydrogen storage module 2.
[0100] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a first pipeline 5, which is connected between the gas chamber 21 and the hydrogen inlet 11. The first pipeline 5 is equipped with a first pressure relief valve 51. By providing the first pressure relief valve 51 to the first pipeline 5, the risk of overpressure can be reduced and safety can be improved.
[0101] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 It should be explained that, in the embodiments of this application, when the first pressure relief valve 51 is open, the first pipeline 5 is connected to the atmosphere through the first pressure relief valve 51; when the first pressure relief valve 51 is closed, the first pressure relief valve 51 isolates the first pipeline 5 from the atmosphere. In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a first pressure relief pipe, which is connected between the first pressure relief valve 51 and the air exhaust pipe 4, so that when the first pressure relief valve 51 is open, the first pipeline 5 is connected to the atmosphere through the first pressure relief valve 51.
[0102] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a second pipeline 6, which is connected between the gas chamber 21 and the hydrogen inlet 11. The second pipeline 6 is equipped with a second pressure relief valve 61. By providing the second pressure relief valve 61 to the second pipeline 6, the risk of overpressure is reduced, and safety is improved.
[0103] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 It should be explained that, in the embodiments of this application, when the second pressure relief valve 61 is open, the second pipeline 6 is connected to the atmosphere through the second pressure relief valve 61; when the second pressure relief valve 61 is closed, the second pressure relief valve 61 isolates the second pipeline 6 from the atmosphere. In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a second pressure relief pipe, which is connected between the second pressure relief valve 61 and the air exhaust pipe 4, so that when the second pressure relief valve 61 is open, the second pipeline 6 is connected to the atmosphere through the second pressure relief valve 61.
[0104] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2In some embodiments of this application, the hydrogen fuel cell system further includes a connecting pipe 9, which connects the hydrogen inlet 11 and the hydrogen outlet 12, and is connected in parallel with the gas chamber 21. In this way, at least a portion of the hydrogen discharged through the hydrogen outlet 12 can return to the fuel cell stack 1 through the connecting pipe 9, enabling hydrogen recycling even in the event of a failure in the hydrogen storage module 2, thus improving hydrogen utilization efficiency.
[0105] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments of this application, the connecting pipe 9 is provided with a valve structure 91 so that the connecting pipe 9 can selectively connect the hydrogen inlet 11 to the hydrogen outlet 12. In this way, the gas discharged from the hydrogen outlet 12 can be returned to the fuel cell stack 1 without passing through the connecting pipe 9. When the hydrogen content in the gas discharged from the hydrogen outlet 12 is low, such as during the process of draining water and removing nitrogen from the fuel cell stack 1, guiding the gas discharged from the hydrogen outlet 12 into the hydrogen storage device, instead of directly guiding it back to the fuel cell stack 1 through the connecting pipe 9, is beneficial to improving the electrochemical reaction rate of the fuel cell stack 1.
[0106] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way.
Claims
1. A hydrogen fuel cell system, characterized in that, include: The fuel cell stack has a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet; A hydrogen storage module has a gas cavity, which has at least a first connected state and a second connected state. In the first connected state, the gas cavity is connected to the hydrogen inlet, and in the second connected state, the gas cavity is connected to the hydrogen outlet. A heat transfer device is connected between the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen storage module to transfer heat between the fuel cell stack and the hydrogen storage module, so that the hydrogen storage module absorbs hydrogen in the gas chamber or releases hydrogen into the gas chamber.
2. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat transfer device includes: The first temperature-regulating pipeline exchanges heat with the fuel cell stack. The second temperature-regulating pipeline exchanges heat with the hydrogen storage module. Wherein, the inlet end of the second temperature-regulating pipeline can be connected to the outlet end of the first temperature-regulating pipeline; or, the heat transfer device further includes a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger includes a first heat exchange pipeline and a second heat exchange pipeline, the first heat exchange pipeline and the second heat exchange pipeline exchange heat with each other, the outlet end of the first temperature-regulating pipeline can be connected to the inlet end of the first heat exchange pipeline, and the inlet end of the second temperature-regulating pipeline can be connected to the outlet end of the second heat exchange pipeline.
3. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A valve is provided between at least one of the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet and the gas chamber, so that at least one of the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet can be selectively connected to the gas chamber.
4. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The valve is provided between the hydrogen inlet and the gas chamber; The air chamber also has an exhaust port, which is equipped with an exhaust valve to allow the exhaust port to be selectively connected to the atmosphere.
5. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of air chambers is at least two, and at least two air chambers are connected in parallel.
6. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen fuel cell system also includes a connecting pipe that connects the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet, and the connecting pipe is connected in parallel with the gas chamber.
7. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The connecting pipeline is equipped with a valve structure so that the connecting pipeline can selectively connect the hydrogen inlet to the hydrogen outlet.
8. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, It also includes a one-way valve having an inlet and an outlet, the inlet being connected to the hydrogen outlet and the outlet being connected to the gas chamber.
9. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, It also includes a first pipeline, which is connected between the gas chamber and the hydrogen inlet, and the first pipeline is equipped with a first pressure relief valve; And / or, it also includes a second pipeline connected between the gas chamber and the hydrogen inlet, the second pipeline being provided with a second pressure relief valve.
10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The hydrogen fuel cell system includes any one of claims 1 to 9.