A fault protection circuit and energy storage power supply

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of energy storage power supply mainly provides fault protection circuit and energy storage power supply, and this circuit includes fault detection module, and the sampling module and switch module connected with fault detection module, sampling module is connected with switch module and battery respectively, and switch module is still used for connecting load. Sampling module is used for collecting the voltage signal of the positive pole of battery, and voltage signal is input to fault detection module, fault detection module is used for receiving voltage signal, compares voltage signal with first preset value and / or second preset value in real time to judge that the circuit appears the fault when voltage signal is greater than first preset value or less than second preset value, and then exports fault signal to switch module to control switch module to stop transmission battery voltage to protect each device in the circuit, and switch module is still used for outputting battery voltage to load when not receiving fault signal to ensure that under normal condition can stably power supply for load.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of energy storage power supplies, and in particular to a fault protection circuit and an energy storage power supply. [Background Technology]

[0002] In various electronic devices and power systems, the safe use of batteries is of paramount importance. Overcurrent and short circuits can cause serious damage to the battery itself and the circuits connected to it, and may even lead to safety accidents. Therefore, effective battery overcurrent and short circuit protection measures are essential.

[0003] Traditional battery overcurrent or fault protection circuits mostly employ software protection. Software protection relies on program execution and judgment, requiring a series of steps such as data acquisition and algorithm analysis, which results in a relatively long protection time. At the moment an overcurrent or short circuit occurs, the long protection response time may not be sufficient to disconnect the circuit in time, causing the battery and other circuit components to withstand excessive current, accelerating component aging or even damage, and reducing the reliability and lifespan of the entire system. [Utility Model Content]

[0004] This utility model provides a fault protection circuit and an energy storage power supply, aiming to solve the technical problem of low reliability of energy storage power supplies in the prior art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, one technical solution adopted in this utility model embodiment is: to provide a fault protection circuit, the fault protection circuit including a sampling module, a fault detection module and a switching module;

[0006] The sampling module is connected to the switching module and the battery respectively, the fault detection module is connected to the sampling module and the switching module respectively, and the switching module is also used to connect the load;

[0007] The sampling module is used to collect the voltage signal of the positive terminal of the battery and input the voltage signal to the fault detection module;

[0008] The fault detection module is used to receive the voltage signal and output a fault signal to the switch module when the voltage signal is greater than a first preset value or less than a second preset value.

[0009] The switching module is used to receive the battery voltage of the battery and to start working when no fault signal is received, so as to output the battery voltage to the load; and

[0010] Upon receiving the fault signal, the system stops operating to cease transmitting the battery voltage.

[0011] Optionally, the fault detection module includes an overcurrent detection unit, a reverse current detection unit, and a control unit;

[0012] Both the overcurrent detection unit and the reverse current detection unit are connected to the sampling module. The control unit is connected to both the overcurrent detection unit and the reverse current detection unit. The control unit is also connected to the switching module.

[0013] The overcurrent detection unit is used to receive the voltage signal and output a first signal to the control unit when the voltage signal is greater than the first preset value;

[0014] The reverse current detection unit is used to receive the voltage signal and output a second signal to the control unit when the voltage signal is less than the second preset value;

[0015] The control unit is used to output a fault signal to the switch module when it receives a first signal or a second signal, so as to control the switch module to stop working.

[0016] Optionally, the overcurrent detection unit includes a comparator U2A, a resistor R17, and a resistor R18;

[0017] The inverting input of the comparator U2A is connected to the sampling module, and the non-inverting input of the comparator U2A is connected to the resistor R17 and the resistor R18 respectively. The resistor R17 is also used to receive the first voltage, and the resistor R18 is used to ground. The output of the comparator U2A is connected to the control unit.

[0018] Optionally, the backflow detection unit includes a comparator U2B, a resistor R13, a resistor R14, and a resistor R15;

[0019] The non-inverting input of comparator U2B is connected to the sampling module through resistor R13. The inverting input of comparator U2B is connected to resistors R14 and R15 respectively. Resistor R14 is also used to receive the first voltage, and resistor R15 is used to ground. The output of comparator U2B is connected to the control unit.

[0020] Optionally, the control unit includes R16 and diode D1;

[0021] The cathode of diode D1 is connected to the output terminals of comparator U2A and comparator U2B through resistor R16, and the anode of diode D2 is connected to the switching module.

[0022] Optionally, the switching module includes switching transistors Q3, Q4, and Q5, resistors R4, R5, R6, and R7, and a Zener diode ZD1.

[0023] The control terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the sampling module through the resistor R4. The control terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is also grounded through the resistor R5. The first end of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the control terminals of the switching transistors Q4 and Q5 through the resistor R6. The first end of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the sampling module. The second end of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the first end of the switching transistor Q5. The second end of the switching transistor Q4 is also connected to the resistor R7 and the cathode of the Zener diode ZD1. The cathodes of the resistor R7 and the Zener diode ZD1 are also connected to the resistor R6. The second end of the switching transistor Q5 is used to connect to the load.

[0024] Optionally, the fault protection circuit further includes an amplification module;

[0025] The amplification module is connected to the sampling module and the fault detection module respectively;

[0026] The amplification module is used to receive and amplify the voltage signal, and input the amplified voltage signal to the fault detection module.

[0027] Optionally, the amplification module includes a differential amplifier U1D;

[0028] The two input terminals of the differential amplifier U1D are respectively connected to the sampling module, and the output terminal of the differential amplifier U1D is connected to the fault detection module.

[0029] Optionally, the sampling module includes sampling resistors R1, R2, and R3;

[0030] The two ends of the sampling resistor R1 are connected to the battery and the switch module respectively. The first end of the resistor R1 is also connected to the first input terminal of the amplification module through the resistor R2, and the second end of the resistor R1 is also connected to the second input terminal of the amplification module through the resistor R3.

[0031] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, another technical solution adopted in this utility model embodiment is: to provide an energy storage power source, the energy storage power source comprising:

[0032] Controller;

[0033] Batteries; and

[0034] The fault protection circuit described above.

[0035] Unlike related technologies, this utility model provides a fault protection circuit and an energy storage power supply. The fault protection circuit includes a sampling module, a fault detection module, and a switching module. The sampling module is connected to both the switching module and the battery, and the fault detection module is connected to both the sampling module and the switching module. The switching module is also used to connect a load. The sampling module collects the voltage signal from the positive terminal of the battery and inputs the voltage signal to the fault detection module. The fault detection module receives the voltage signal and compares it in real time with a first preset value and / or a second preset value. When the voltage signal is greater than the first preset value or less than the second preset value, it quickly determines that a circuit fault has occurred and outputs a fault signal to the switching module to control the switching module to stop transmitting battery voltage, thereby protecting the components in the circuit. The switching module is also used to output the battery voltage to the load when no fault signal is received, ensuring a stable power supply to the load under normal conditions. [Attached Image Description]

[0036] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements having the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0037] Figure 1 This is one application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a fault protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3a This is a circuit diagram of a fault protection circuit provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0040] Figure 3b A circuit diagram of a fault detection circuit provided in another embodiment of this utility model.

Detailed Implementation Methods

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0042] The technical features involved in the various embodiments of this application described below do not conflict with each other and can be combined with each other.

[0043] When an element is described as "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or there may be one or more intervening elements between them.

[0044] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this utility model are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, the first object can be one or more.

[0045] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0046] Please participate Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is one application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present utility model, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application scenario 1 includes an energy storage power supply 100 and a load 200. The energy storage power supply 100 includes a battery 10. The battery 10 is connected to the load 200 and is used to output battery voltage to the load 200 to supply power to the load 200.

[0047] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the energy storage power supply 100 further includes a controller 20 and a voltage adjustment circuit 30. The voltage adjustment circuit 30 is connected to both the battery 10 and the load 200, and the controller 20 is connected to the voltage adjustment circuit 30. The voltage adjustment circuit 30 receives the battery voltage output by the battery 10, adjusts the battery voltage according to the control signal output by the controller 20, and inputs the adjusted battery voltage to the load 200 to supply power to the load 200. The voltage adjustment circuit 20 can be either a buck circuit or a boost circuit.

[0048] In some embodiments, the load 200 can be a power supply or an electrical device. When the load 200 is a power supply, the energy storage power supply 100 outputs battery voltage to charge the power supply; when the load 200 is an electrical device, the energy storage power supply 100 outputs battery voltage to the electrical device to power it, enabling the device to operate normally. It should be noted that when the load 200 is the power supply, there may be a situation where current from the power supply flows backward into the energy storage power supply 100, or a short circuit may occur, causing the energy storage power supply 100 to malfunction. When the load 200 is an electrical device, a short circuit may occur, causing the energy storage power supply 100 to be damaged due to excessive current.

[0049] Therefore, to prevent current backflow or overcurrent short circuit faults in the energy storage power supply 100, this application introduces the aforementioned fault protection circuit 40, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the fault protection circuit is connected to both the voltage adjustment module 30 and the load 200. The fault protection circuit 40 is used to detect the current signal of the voltage adjustment circuit 30 in real time, and determine whether the energy storage power supply 100 has malfunctioned based on the current signal. Finally, when a malfunction is determined in the energy storage power supply 100, the output of the energy storage power supply 100 is shut off, thereby causing the energy storage power supply 100 to stop working, thus protecting the energy storage power supply 100 and improving its reliability.

[0050] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a fault protection circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the fault protection circuit 40 includes a sampling module 41, a fault detection module 42, and a switching module 43;

[0051] The sampling module 41 is connected to the switch module 43 and the battery 10 respectively, the fault detection module 42 is connected to the sampling module 41 and the switch module 43 respectively, and the switch module 43 is also used to connect the load 200;

[0052] The sampling module 41 is used to collect the voltage signal of the positive terminal of the battery 10 and input the voltage signal to the fault detection module 42;

[0053] The fault detection module 42 is used to receive the voltage signal and output a fault signal to the switch module 43 when the voltage signal is greater than a first preset value or less than a second preset value.

[0054] The switch module 43 is used to receive the battery voltage of the battery and to start working when no fault signal is received, so as to output the battery voltage to the load 200; and

[0055] Upon receiving the fault signal, the system stops operating to cease transmitting the battery voltage.

[0056] Specifically, when the battery 10 normally outputs battery voltage to the load 200 through the voltage adjustment circuit 30, the sampling module 41 will detect the current signal of the voltage adjustment circuit 30 in real time and output a corresponding voltage signal to the fault detection module 42 based on the current signal. When the fault detection module 42 receives the voltage signal, it will determine whether the voltage signal is greater than a first preset value. If the voltage signal is greater than the first preset value, it is considered that the energy storage system 100 has an overcurrent fault. At this time, the fault detection module 42 will output a fault signal to the switching module 43. At the same time, the fault detection module 42 will also determine whether the voltage signal is less than a second preset value. If the voltage signal is less than the second preset value, it is considered that the energy storage power supply has a fault, and thus outputs a fault signal to the switching module 43. When the switching module 43 receives the fault signal, it will stop working according to the fault signal, thereby stopping the transmission of battery voltage, and thus causing the energy storage power supply 100 to stop working.

[0057] When the voltage signal is less than the first preset value and greater than the second preset value, the energy storage power supply 100 is considered to be in normal working condition. At this time, the fault detection module 42 will not output a fault signal, and the switch module 43 will start working according to the battery voltage output by the voltage adjustment circuit 30, thereby transmitting the battery voltage normally.

[0058] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the fault detection module 42 includes an overcurrent detection unit 421, a backcurrent detection unit 422, and a control unit 423;

[0059] The overcurrent detection unit 421 and the backcurrent detection unit 422 are both connected to the sampling module 41. The control unit 423 is connected to the overcurrent detection unit 421 and the backcurrent detection unit 422 respectively. The control unit 423 is also connected to the switch module 43.

[0060] The overcurrent detection unit 421 is used to receive the voltage signal and output a first signal to the control unit 423 when the voltage signal is greater than the first preset value.

[0061] The reverse current detection unit 422 is used to receive the voltage signal and output a second signal to the control unit 423 when the voltage signal is less than the second preset value;

[0062] The control unit 423 is used to output a fault signal to the switch module 43 when it receives a first signal or a second signal, so as to control the switch module 43 to stop working.

[0063] Specifically, when the sampling module 41 outputs a voltage signal, both the overcurrent detection unit 421 and the reverse current detection unit 422 will receive the voltage signal. When the overcurrent detection unit 421 receives the voltage signal, it determines whether the voltage signal is greater than the first preset value. If the voltage signal is greater than the first preset value, it outputs a first signal to the control unit 423, so that the control unit 423, upon receiving the first signal, outputs a fault signal to the switching module 43 based on the first signal. Simultaneously, when the reverse current detection unit 422 receives the voltage signal, it determines whether the voltage signal is less than the second preset value. If the voltage signal is less than the second preset value, it outputs a second signal to the control unit 423, so that the control unit 423, based on the second signal, outputs a fault signal to the switching unit 43.

[0064] When the overcurrent detection unit 421 does not output the first signal and the reverse current detection unit 422 does not output the second signal, the control unit 423 will not output a fault signal, thereby keeping the switch module 43 in the conducting state, and thus enabling the energy storage power supply 100 to normally supply power to the load 200.

[0065] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3a , Figure 3a This is a circuit diagram of a fault protection circuit provided in an embodiment of this utility model, as shown below. Figure 3a As shown, the overcurrent detection unit 421 includes a comparator U2A, a resistor R17, and a resistor R18;

[0066] The inverting input of the comparator U2A is connected to the sampling module 41, and the non-inverting input of the comparator U2A is connected to the resistor R17 and the resistor R18 respectively. The resistor R17 is also used to receive the first voltage, and the resistor R18 is used to ground. The output of the comparator U2A is connected to the control unit 423.

[0067] Specifically, when the sampling module 41 outputs the voltage signal, the inverting input of the comparator U2A receives the voltage signal. Simultaneously, the first voltage is divided by resistors R17 and R18, providing a first preset value to the non-inverting input of the comparator U2A. At this time, the comparator U2A compares the voltage signal with the first preset value. When the voltage signal is greater than the first preset value, the comparator U2A outputs a first signal (low-level signal) to the control unit 423, causing the control unit 423 to output a fault signal to the switching module 43, thereby controlling the energy storage power supply 100 to stop operating.

[0068] In yet another embodiment, such as Figure 3a As shown, the backflow detection unit 422 includes a comparator U2B, a resistor R13, a resistor R14, and a resistor R15;

[0069] The non-inverting input of comparator U2B is connected to the sampling module 41 through resistor R13. The inverting input of comparator U2B is connected to resistors R14 and R15 respectively. Resistor R14 is also used to receive the first voltage, and resistor R15 is used to ground. The output of comparator U2B is connected to the control unit 423.

[0070] Specifically, when the sampling module 41 outputs the voltage signal, the non-inverting input of the comparator U2B receives the voltage signal through the resistor R13. Simultaneously, the first voltage is divided by resistors R14 and R15, providing a second preset value to the inverting input of the comparator U2B. At this time, the comparator U2B compares the voltage signal with the second preset value, and when the voltage signal is less than the second preset value, it outputs a second signal (low-level signal) to the control unit 423, causing the control unit 423 to output a fault signal to the switching module 43, thereby controlling the energy storage power supply 100 to stop operating.

[0071] In yet another embodiment, such as Figure 3a As shown, the control unit 423 includes R16 and diode D1;

[0072] The cathode of diode D1 is connected to the output terminals of comparator U2A and comparator U2B via resistor R16, and the anode of diode D2 is connected to the switching module. Specifically, when the overcurrent detection unit 421 outputs the first signal or the reverse current detection unit 422 outputs the second signal, diode D1 is in the conducting state, thereby pulling down the control terminal voltage of the switching module 43, causing the switching module 43 to stop working, and thus causing the energy storage power supply 100 to stop working, achieving the purpose of protecting the energy storage power supply 100. When both comparator U2A and comparator U2B output the first and second signals, diode D2 is in the cut-off state, thereby allowing the switching transistor Q3 to maintain its current operating state.

[0073] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3b , Figure 3b A circuit diagram of a fault detection circuit provided for another embodiment of this utility model is shown below. Figure 3b As shown, the switching module 43 includes switching transistors Q3, Q4, and Q5, resistors R4, R5, R6, and R7, and a Zener diode ZD1.

[0074] The control terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the sampling module 41 through the resistor R4. The control terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is also grounded through the resistor R5. The first end of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the control terminals of the switching transistors Q4 and Q5 through the resistor R6. The first end of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the sampling module 41. The second end of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the first end of the switching transistor Q5. The second end of the switching transistor Q4 is also connected to the resistor R7 and the cathode of the Zener diode ZD1. The cathodes of the resistor R7 and the Zener diode ZD1 are also connected to the resistor R6. The second end of the switching transistor Q5 is used to connect to the load 200.

[0075] Specifically, when the energy storage power supply 100 is turned on, the switching transistor Q3 receives the battery voltage through the resistor R4 and the sampling module 41, and turns on based on the battery voltage. When the switching transistor Q3 turns on, the switching transistors Q4 and Q5 also turn on, allowing the battery voltage to be input to the load 200 through the switching transistors Q3 and Q4. When the control unit 423 outputs a fault signal, the switching transistor Q3 turns off based on the fault signal, and the switching transistors Q4 and Q5 also turn off, thus stopping the transmission of the battery voltage and causing the energy storage power supply 100 to stop working.

[0076] In yet another embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the fault protection circuit 40 also includes an amplification module 44;

[0077] The amplification module 44 is connected to the sampling module 41 and the fault detection module 42 respectively;

[0078] The amplification module 44 is used to receive and amplify the voltage signal, and input the amplified voltage signal to the fault detection module 42.

[0079] Specifically, after the sampling module 41 acquires the voltage signal, it inputs the voltage signal to the amplification module 44 so that the amplification module 44 amplifies the voltage signal and inputs the amplified voltage signal to the fault detection module 42.

[0080] In another embodiment, such as Figures 3a-3b As shown, the amplification module 44 includes a differential amplifier U1D; the sampling module 31 includes sampling resistors R1, R2, and R3.

[0081] The two input terminals of the differential amplifier U1D are respectively connected to the sampling module 41, and the output terminal of the differential amplifier U1D is connected to the fault detection module 42.

[0082] The two ends of the sampling resistor R1 are connected to the battery 10 and the switch module 43 respectively. The first end of the resistor R1 is also connected to the first input terminal of the amplification module 44 through the resistor R2, and the second end of the resistor R1 is also connected to the second input terminal of the amplification module 44 through the resistor R3.

[0083] The differential amplifier refers to a device that amplifies the difference between two input signals. Because the sampling resistor R1 has a small resistance, the voltage drop across it is also small when the energy storage power supply 100 is operating. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of the fault protection circuit 40, the differential amplifier U1D amplifies the voltage drop (voltage signal) across the sampling resistor R1, and the amplified voltage signal is input to the fault detection module 42.

[0084] In some embodiments, taking the voltage adjustment circuit 30 as a step-down circuit as an example, combined with Figure 3a and Figure 3bWhen the energy storage power supply 100 is started, the battery 10 (BAT+) outputs its battery voltage to the switching transistors Q1 and Q2. At this time, the switching transistors Q1 and Q2 turn on and off based on the control signal output by the controller 20, thereby stepping down the battery voltage and outputting the stepped-down voltage through the resistor R1. When the resistor R1 outputs the stepped-down battery voltage, the switching transistor Q3 turns on based on the stepped-down battery voltage, and the switching transistors Q4 and Q5 also turn on, thereby outputting the stepped-down battery voltage to the load 200 to power the load 200. Simultaneously, when the stepped-down battery voltage passes through the resistor R1, the resistor R1 collects the corresponding voltage signal and inputs the voltage signal to the differential amplifier U1D, so that the differential amplifier U1D amplifies the voltage signal. Finally, the amplified voltage signal is input to the inverting input of the comparator U2A and the non-inverting input of the comparator U2B. When the inverting input of comparator U2A receives the voltage signal and the voltage signal is greater than the first preset value, comparator U2A outputs a low-level signal, thereby turning on diode D1, which in turn pulls down the control terminal voltage of switch Q3, causing switch Q3 to turn off. Switches Q4 and Q5 also turn off, thus stopping the transmission of battery voltage. Conversely, when the non-inverting input of comparator U2B receives the voltage signal and the voltage signal is less than the second preset value, diode D1 turns on, and switches Q3, Q4, and Q5 turn off, causing the energy storage power supply 100 to stop working, thereby protecting the energy storage power supply 100 and improving its reliability.

[0085] When the voltage signal received by comparator U2A is less than the first preset value, and the voltage signal received by comparator U2B is greater than the second preset value, both comparators U2A and U2B will output a high-level signal, thereby causing diode Q1 to be in the off state. At this time, the switching transistor Q3 will be in the conducting state based on the battery voltage, thereby continuously outputting the battery voltage to the load 200.

[0086] This utility model embodiment provides a fault protection circuit, which includes a sampling module, a fault detection module, and a switching module. The sampling module is connected to the switching module and a battery, and the fault detection module is connected to both the sampling module and the switching module. The switching module is also used to connect a load. The sampling module collects the voltage signal from the positive terminal of the battery and inputs the voltage signal to the fault detection module. The fault detection module receives the voltage signal and compares it in real time with a first preset value and / or a second preset value. When the voltage signal is greater than the first preset value or less than the second preset value, it quickly determines that a circuit fault has occurred and outputs a fault signal to the switching module to control the switching module to stop transmitting battery voltage, thereby protecting the components in the circuit. The switching module is also used to output the battery voltage to the load when no fault signal is received to ensure stable power supply to the load under normal conditions.

[0087] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it; under the concept of this utility model, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of this utility model as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity; although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A fault protection circuit, characterized in that, The fault protection circuit includes a sampling module, a fault detection module, and a switching module; The sampling module is connected to the switching module and the battery respectively, the fault detection module is connected to the sampling module and the switching module respectively, and the switching module is also used to connect the load; The sampling module is used to collect the voltage signal of the positive terminal of the battery and input the voltage signal to the fault detection module; The fault detection module is used to receive the voltage signal and output a fault signal to the switch module when the voltage signal is greater than a first preset value or less than a second preset value. The switching module is used to receive the battery voltage of the battery and start working when no fault signal is received, so as to output the battery voltage to the load; as well as Upon receiving the fault signal, the system ceases operation to stop transmitting the battery voltage. The fault detection module includes an overcurrent detection unit, a reverse current detection unit, and a control unit. Both the overcurrent detection unit and the reverse current detection unit are connected to the sampling module. The control unit is connected to both the overcurrent detection unit and the reverse current detection unit. The control unit is also connected to the switching module. The overcurrent detection unit is used to receive the voltage signal and output a first signal to the control unit when the voltage signal is greater than the first preset value; The reverse current detection unit is used to receive the voltage signal and output a second signal to the control unit when the voltage signal is less than the second preset value; The control unit is used to output a fault signal to the switch module when it receives a first signal or a second signal, so as to control the switch module to stop working; The overcurrent detection unit includes a comparator U2A, a resistor R17, and a resistor R18. The inverting input of the comparator U2A is connected to the sampling module, and the non-inverting input of the comparator U2A is connected to the resistor R17 and the resistor R18 respectively. The resistor R17 is also used to receive the first voltage, and the resistor R18 is used to ground. The output of the comparator U2A is connected to the control unit. The reverse current detection unit includes a comparator U2B, resistors R13, R14, and R15; The non-inverting input of comparator U2B is connected to the sampling module through resistor R13. The inverting input of comparator U2B is connected to resistors R14 and R15 respectively. Resistor R14 is also used to receive the first voltage, and resistor R15 is used to ground. The output of comparator U2B is connected to the control unit.

2. The fault protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit includes a resistor R16 and a diode D1; The cathode of diode D1 is connected to the output terminals of comparator U2A and comparator U2B through resistor R16, and the anode of diode D2 is connected to the switching module.

3. The fault protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching module includes switching transistors Q3, Q4, and Q5, resistors R4, R5, R6, and R7, and a Zener diode ZD1. The control terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the sampling module through the resistor R4. The control terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is also grounded through the resistor R5. The first end of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the control terminals of the switching transistors Q4 and Q5 through the resistor R6. The first end of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the sampling module. The second end of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the first end of the switching transistor Q5. The second end of the switching transistor Q4 is also connected to the resistor R7 and the cathode of the Zener diode ZD1. The cathodes of the resistor R7 and the Zener diode ZD1 are also connected to the resistor R6. The second end of the switching transistor Q5 is used to connect to the load.

4. The fault protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fault protection circuit also includes an amplification module; The amplification module is connected to the sampling module and the fault detection module respectively; The amplification module is used to receive and amplify the voltage signal, and input the amplified voltage signal to the fault detection module.

5. The fault protection circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The amplification module includes a differential amplifier U1D; The two input terminals of the differential amplifier U1D are respectively connected to the sampling module, and the output terminal of the differential amplifier U1D is connected to the fault detection module.

6. The fault protection circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sampling module includes sampling resistors R1, R2, and R3; The two ends of the sampling resistor R1 are connected to the battery and the switch module respectively. The first end of the resistor R1 is also connected to the first input terminal of the amplification module through the resistor R2, and the second end of the resistor R1 is also connected to the second input terminal of the amplification module through the resistor R3.

7. An energy storage power source, characterized in that, The energy storage power source includes: Controller; Batteries; and The fault protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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