Super capacitor active balancing circuit

Abstract

The utility model relates to supercapacitor active equalization field discloses a kind of supercapacitor active equalization circuit, including MCU, AFE (analog front end), light MOS tube drive circuit, H bridge circuit, DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply and rechargeable battery, the light MOS tube drive circuit includes Q1 pipe, Q2 pipe, Q3 pipe and Q4 pipe, the Q1 pipe, Q2 pipe, Q3 pipe and Q4 pipe are connected with the both ends of single supercapacitor monomer respectively, the input end of AFE (analog front end) is connected with RC filter network, the MCU is connected with light MOS tube drive circuit by SPI, the MCU is electrically connected with rechargeable battery.The utility model in the high voltage supercapacitor monomer is stored energy by rechargeable battery, avoid energy loss consumptive waste, reach the goal of active equalization, using rechargeable battery and the fast power supply mode of DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply, active equalization for low voltage average value voltage's battery, shortens equalization time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of active balancing of supercapacitors, and in particular to an active balancing circuit for supercapacitors. Background Technology

[0002] During repeated use, supercapacitor banks (combinations of more than two individual supercapacitors) experience voltage, capacitance, and SOC (State of Charge) mismatches due to differences in materials, manufacturing processes, and degradation levels among the individual supercapacitors. This reduces the overall usable capacity and energy efficiency of the bank. To address this issue, a fast active balancing technology is employed. By directly transferring energy from high-voltage cells to low-voltage cells, energy loss is effectively suppressed, and the voltage difference between cells is rapidly reduced, maintaining overall bank consistency and ensuring the performance stability and cycle life of the supercapacitor system under high-frequency, high-dynamic operating conditions.

[0003] Therefore, those skilled in the art have provided a supercapacitor active balancing circuit to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a supercapacitor active balancing circuit. This circuit employs a rapid charging method using a rechargeable battery and a DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply to actively balance the low-voltage average voltage cells, shortening the balancing time. Furthermore, by real-time detection of the cell voltage between the DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply and the AFE (analog front end), it enables active discharge of high-voltage supercapacitor cells and charging of low-voltage supercapacitor cells. This allows for real-time control of the voltage difference between the supercapacitor cells, ensuring consistency, reducing energy waste, maintaining uniformity among the supercapacitor cells, and extending their lifespan.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a supercapacitor active equalization circuit, including an MCU, an AFE (analog front end), an optical MOSFET driver circuit, an H-bridge circuit, a DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply, and a rechargeable battery. The optical MOSFET driver circuit includes transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, which are respectively connected to the two ends of a single supercapacitor cell. The input terminal of the AFE (analog front end) is connected to an RC filter network. The MCU is connected to the optical MOSFET driver circuit via SPI, and the MCU is electrically connected to the rechargeable battery.

[0006] The above technical solution allows the individual cells of a high-voltage supercapacitor to store energy through a rechargeable battery, avoiding energy loss and waste, and achieving the goal of active balancing.

[0007] Furthermore, the output terminal of the H-bridge circuit is connected to the input terminals of transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively;

[0008] Through the above technical solution, by establishing a communication frequency band for each supercapacitor cell connected to transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 respectively via the H-bridge circuit, and by enabling the MCU to independently control the H-bridge circuit corresponding to each supercapacitor cell, the MCU can independently select to charge, discharge or stop the operation of each supercapacitor cell.

[0009] Furthermore, the RC filter network is connected to the output terminals of transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively;

[0010] The above technical solution uses an RC filter network to detect the voltage information of transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 respectively. Specifically, the RC filter network collects the cell voltage information of the supercapacitor cells connected to transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 respectively. Then, the voltage information transmitted by the RC filter network is received by the AFE (Analog Front End) and transmitted to the MCU via SPI. Finally, the MCU determines the voltage state information of the rechargeable battery.

[0011] Furthermore, the input terminal of the H-bridge circuit is connected to a DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply;

[0012] Through the above technical solution, during the charging process of a single supercapacitor cell, a stable power supply is provided to the H-bridge circuit through a DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply, thereby providing charging power to the cell.

[0013] Furthermore, a rechargeable battery is connected to the input terminal of the DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply;

[0014] Through the above technical solution, during the charging process of a supercapacitor cell, a rechargeable battery provides a stable power supply to the DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply, while during the discharging process of a supercapacitor cell, the DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply reverse-charges the rechargeable battery.

[0015] Furthermore, the MCU is connected to the AFE (Analog Front End) via SPI;

[0016] The above technical solution allows the MCU to receive the cell voltage information detected by the RC filter network transmitted by the AFE (analog front end) via SPI, and to control the charging and discharging of the rechargeable battery, as well as control and provide feedback to the optical MOS transistor drive circuit.

[0017] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The present invention proposes a supercapacitor active balancing circuit, which stores the energy of individual high-voltage supercapacitors through a rechargeable battery, avoiding energy loss and waste, and achieving the goal of active balancing.

[0019] 2. The supercapacitor active balancing circuit proposed in this utility model adopts a rapid charging method using a rechargeable battery and a DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply to actively balance the low-voltage average voltage cells, shortening the balancing time. Furthermore, by real-time detection of the cell voltage between the DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply and the AFE (analog front end), the active discharge of high-voltage supercapacitor cells and the charging of low-voltage supercapacitor cells are realized, thereby controlling the voltage difference of the supercapacitor cells in real time to keep them consistent, reducing energy waste, ensuring consistency among the supercapacitor cells, and extending the service life of the supercapacitor cells. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a circuit design diagram of a supercapacitor active balancing circuit proposed in this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Reference Figure 1 This utility model provides a specific implementation method:

[0023] An active equalization circuit for supercapacitors includes an MCU, an AFE (analog front end), an opto-MOSFET driver circuit, an H-bridge circuit, a DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply, and a rechargeable battery. The opto-MOSFET driver circuit includes transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, which are respectively connected to the two ends of a single supercapacitor cell. The input of the AFE is connected to an RC filter network. The MCU is connected to the opto-MOSFET driver circuit via SPI, and the MCU is electrically connected to the rechargeable battery.

[0024] The output of the H-bridge circuit is connected to the input of transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 respectively. By establishing a communication frequency band for each supercapacitor cell connected to transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, the MCU can independently control the H-bridge circuit corresponding to each supercapacitor cell, thereby independently selecting to charge, discharge, or stop the operation of each supercapacitor cell. The RC filter network is connected to the output of transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 respectively. The RC filter network detects the voltage information of transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 respectively. That is, the RC filter network collects the cell voltage information of the supercapacitor cells connected to transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 respectively. Then, the voltage information transmitted by the RC filter network is received by the AFE (analog front end) and transmitted to the MCU via SPI. Finally, the MCU determines the voltage state information of the rechargeable battery.

[0025] The input of the H-bridge circuit is connected to a DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply. During the charging process of a single supercapacitor cell, the DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply provides a stable power supply to the H-bridge circuit, thereby providing charging power to the cell. The input of the DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply is connected to a rechargeable battery. During the charging process of a single supercapacitor cell, the rechargeable battery provides a stable power supply to the DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply. During the discharging process of a single supercapacitor cell, the DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply reverse-charges the rechargeable battery. The MCU is connected to the AFE (analog front end) via SPI. The MCU receives the cell voltage information detected by the RC filter network transmitted by the AFE (analog front end) via SPI, and completes the charging and discharging control of the rechargeable battery, as well as the control and information feedback of the optoMOSFET drive circuit.

[0026] Working Principle: First, the voltage information of transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 is detected by an RC filter network. This means the RC filter network collects the cell voltage information corresponding to the supercapacitor cells connected to Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4. Then, the AFE (Analog Front End) receives the voltage information transmitted by the RC filter network and transmits it to the MCU via SPI. Finally, the MCU determines the voltage state information of the rechargeable battery. Next, a DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply provides charging power to the cells through an H-bridge circuit. In standby mode, when the voltage difference between cells exceeds 10mV, the AFE transmits the cell state information to the MCU. The MCU identifies the voltage state information of each cell and, through SPI and the optoMOSFET driver circuit, activates the optoMOSFET driver circuit corresponding to the cell with the low voltage (i.e., transistors Q1 and Q2). The system uses a DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply to charge the supercapacitor cells via SPI and the Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 transistors. When the cell voltage difference is below 5mV, the MCU shuts down the optoMOSFET driver circuit, stopping the charging of the supercapacitor cells. After charging the low-voltage supercapacitor cells, if the supercapacitor cell voltage is too high, the MCU identifies the voltage status information of each cell and, through SPI and the optoMOSFET driver circuit, activates the optoMOSFET driver circuit (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 transistors) for cells with high voltage. The rechargeable battery is then charged via the DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply. Finally, when the cell voltage difference is below 5mV, the MCU shuts down the optoMOSFET driver circuit and stops the supercapacitor cells from discharging. Active equalization charging and discharging of the supercapacitor cells is then completed via the DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply. By controlling the charging and discharging current of the DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply to reach 2A, rapid charging and discharging of the supercapacitor cells can be achieved, realizing the goal of active equalization.

Claims

1. A supercapacitor active balancing circuit, comprising an MCU, an AFE (analog front end), an optoMOSFET driver circuit, an H-bridge circuit, a DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply, and a rechargeable battery, characterized in that: The optical MOS transistor driving circuit includes transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4. Transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are respectively connected to the two ends of a single supercapacitor cell. The input terminal of the AFE (analog front end) is connected to an RC filter network. The MCU is connected to the optical MOS transistor driving circuit via SPI. The MCU is electrically connected to a rechargeable battery.

2. The supercapacitor active equalization circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output of the H-bridge circuit is connected to the input of transistors Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, respectively.

3. The supercapacitor active equalization circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The RC filter network is connected to the output terminals of transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively.

4. The supercapacitor active equalization circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input terminal of the H-bridge circuit is connected to a DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply.

5. The supercapacitor active balancing circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input terminal of the DC / DC isolated bidirectional power supply is connected to a rechargeable battery.

6. The supercapacitor active balancing circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The MCU is connected to the AFE (analog front end) via SPI.

Images