Optical fiber catheter and laser ablation device

Abstract

This application discloses an optical fiber catheter and a laser ablation device. In the optical fiber catheter of this application, the input end face of the optical fiber module is set as an inclined plane relative to the radial direction of the optical fiber body, and a light-emitting unit is formed circumferentially near the output end of the optical fiber body. This allows a portion of the laser light to be emitted obliquely outward from the light-emitting unit, forming a first annular spot, and another portion of the laser light to be emitted from the output end along the axial direction inclined to the optical fiber body, forming a second annular spot. This effectively disperses the output laser energy while simultaneously allowing for pre-contraction of the vascular area requiring closure using the first annular spot, followed by closure using the second annular spot. This results in gentler laser energy for ablation and closure of the blood vessel, effectively increasing the treatment area, thereby improving the ablation closure rate and surgical success rate, and reducing the risk of patients requiring secondary treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of medical device technology, specifically to an optical fiber catheter and a laser ablation device. Background Technology

[0002] Varicose veins in the lower extremities are a common venous disease with an incidence rate as high as 10%-20%, and the incidence increases with age. Common symptoms of varicose veins include varicose veins in the lower extremities appearing as worm-like protrusions, accompanied by a feeling of soreness, heaviness, and fatigue. If left untreated, it can progress to limb edema, skin eczema, pigmentation, venous ulcers, and even thrombophlebitis, affecting the patient's work and life, and increasing their financial burden.

[0003] Traditional treatment for varicose veins involves high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein. This procedure requires an incision at the groin point to locate the great saphenous vein, followed by high ligation. A vein stripper is then inserted into the vessel, and the vein is stripped segmentally, with pressure bandaging applied to stop bleeding. This method is prone to postoperative complications such as subcutaneous hematoma and lower extremity edema. In recent years, endovenous laser closure (EVLA) has replaced this traditional surgical approach for varicose veins. Compared to traditional methods, EVLA avoids surgical incisions, mechanical damage, and aggressive tearing of the saphenous vein. Therefore, EVLA reduces postoperative pain, bleeding, and perivenous hematoma, while also lowering the infection rate and recanalization rate, thus promoting faster patient recovery.

[0004] To address the problem of excessively high local energy density caused by early circular laser outputs, leading to blood carbonization and ultimately venous wall perforation, recent advancements have focused on controlling the laser output to a ring-shaped spot at the lesion site. This leverages the laser's absorption of water and the photothermal effect to close the veins, resulting in better temperature control of the lesion area. This reduces or even prevents venous wall perforation and minimizes the formation of a carbonized blood layer. However, existing fiber optic catheters typically only output a single ring of laser light. If a single treatment fails to completely close the varicose veins, a second treatment is required. Using a single ring spot for this second treatment, due to its high energy, can easily cause tissue carbonization and even nerve damage. Therefore, the existing fiber optic catheter structure requires further improvement. Utility Model Content

[0005] The main objective of this application is to provide an optical fiber guide tube and a laser ablation device to solve the problem that the structure of the optical fiber guide tube forming a ring-shaped light spot is relatively complex in the prior art.

[0006] On one hand, this application provides an optical fiber conduit, which includes an optical fiber module. The optical fiber module includes an optical fiber body, an input end, and an output end. The input end and the output end are located at opposite ends of the optical fiber body along the extension direction of the optical fiber body. The input end is used to allow laser light emitted by a laser source to enter the optical fiber body, and the output end is used to allow laser light passing through the optical fiber body to exit.

[0007] The end face of the input end is inclined to the plane in the radial direction of the optical fiber body. The optical fiber body has a light-emitting unit circumferentially opened near the output end. A portion of the laser light is emitted obliquely outward from the light-emitting unit to form a first annular light spot, and another portion of the laser light is emitted obliquely outward from the output end to form a second annular light spot.

[0008] The light-emitting unit includes multiple light-emitting holes, which are arranged at circumferential intervals along the main body of the optical fiber.

[0009] Alternatively, the optical fiber body has a first annular surface and a second annular surface, the first annular surface facing the output end and the second annular surface facing away from the output end, the first annular surface and the second annular surface are connected to each other to form the light-emitting unit in the shape of annular conical groove, and the first annular surface is used to allow the laser to be emitted obliquely outward to form the first annular light spot.

[0010] Furthermore, the optical fiber body includes a fiber core, a quartz cladding, a coating layer, and a protective layer. The quartz cladding covers the outer wall of the fiber core, the coating layer is coated on the outer wall of the quartz cladding, and the protective layer covers the outer wall of the coating layer.

[0011] Each of the light-emitting holes penetrates the quartz cladding, the coating layer, and the protective layer, and the depth of each light-emitting hole on the fiber core is 10-60 μm.

[0012] And / or, the radius of each of the light-emitting holes on the fiber core is 12-35 μm;

[0013] And / or, the angle between the wall of each light-emitting aperture and the centerline of the light-emitting aperture is 30-65 degrees.

[0014] Furthermore, multiple light-emitting holes are arranged in an array on the optical fiber body.

[0015] Furthermore, the array of light-emitting holes includes 2-10 light-emitting holes arranged along the circumferential direction of the optical fiber body, and 2-120 light-emitting holes arranged along the axial direction of the optical fiber body corresponding to each light-emitting hole in the circumferential direction.

[0016] The aperture of each light-emitting hole is 25-40 μm, the distance between adjacent light-emitting holes is greater than or equal to 50 μm, the angle between the hole wall of each light-emitting hole and the center line of the light-emitting hole is 30-65 degrees, the hole depth of each light-emitting hole on the fiber core is 20-30 μm, and the hole radius of each light-emitting hole on the fiber core is 12-35 μm.

[0017] Furthermore, the distance between the light-emitting unit and the output end along the axial direction of the optical fiber body is 4-8 mm.

[0018] Furthermore, the end face of the output end is parallel to the plane containing the radial direction of the optical fiber body;

[0019] Alternatively, the output terminal may be spherical.

[0020] Furthermore, the inclination angle of the end face of the input end relative to the plane containing the radial direction of the optical fiber body is 10-45 degrees;

[0021] The numerical aperture (NA) of the optical fiber body is 0.2-0.6.

[0022] Furthermore, the numerical aperture NA is 0.57, and the tilt angle is 30 degrees.

[0023] Furthermore, the optical fiber body includes a first segment and a second segment, which are connected by a connector or an optical fiber patch cord. The end of the first segment furthest from the second segment is the input end, and the end of the second segment furthest from the first segment is the output end.

[0024] The light-emitting unit is located on the second segment;

[0025] Alternatively, the light-emitting unit in the shape of a conical groove is located at the connection between the first segment and the second segment, and the first end connecting the first segment and the second segment is a truncated cone, and the end face of the second end connecting the second segment and the first segment is a plane parallel to the radial direction of the optical fiber body;

[0026] Alternatively, the light-emitting unit in the shape of a conical groove is located at the connection between the first segment and the second segment, and the first end connecting the first segment and the second segment is a truncated cone, and the second end connecting the second segment and the first segment is a truncated cone.

[0027] Furthermore, the optical fiber body has at least two light-emitting units, the two light-emitting units are spaced apart along the axial direction of the optical fiber body, and each light-emitting unit can emit a portion of the laser to form a first annular light spot.

[0028] Furthermore, the optical fiber conduit also includes a connector for connecting the optical fiber module to the host, wherein the connector is connected to the optical fiber body and close to the input end, and the optical fiber body and the connector are not in contact between the connection point of the connector and the optical fiber body and the input end.

[0029] Furthermore, the connector is an ST connector or an SMA connector. When the fiber optic module is connected to the host via the ST connector or the SMA connector, the position of the input end relative to the laser module of the host remains unchanged.

[0030] Furthermore, the input end face is provided with an anti-reflection membrane.

[0031] On the other hand, this application also provides a laser ablation device, the laser ablation device comprising the fiber optic conduit described in any of the preceding claims; and

[0032] The host is connected to the optical fiber conduit, and the host includes a laser module and a control module. The control module is used to control the laser module to output a laser beam to the optical fiber conduit.

[0033] In the optical fiber conduit of this application, by setting the input end face of the optical fiber module as an inclined plane relative to the radial direction of the optical fiber body, and opening a light-emitting unit in the circumferential direction of the optical fiber body near the output end, the laser beam emitted by the laser module will be refracted at the end face of the input end and then enter the optical fiber body. Since different laser beams in the laser beam are refracted into the optical fiber body from different positions of the input end face, the different laser beams will undergo multiple total internal reflections at different positions in the optical fiber body. This results in a portion of the laser beam being emitted obliquely outward from the light-emitting unit to form a first annular spot, and another portion of the laser beam being emitted from the output end along the axial direction inclined to the optical fiber body to form a second annular spot. Therefore, compared to existing technologies that can only output a single annular spot, this application can output two annular spots simultaneously. This allows the first and second annular spots to effectively disperse the output laser energy. Furthermore, the first annular spot can pre-contract the blood vessel area requiring closure, followed by the second annular spot for further contraction and closure. This allows for a more gentle ablation and closure of the blood vessel using both annular and second annular spots, effectively increasing the treatment area, thereby improving the ablation and closure rate and the success rate of the surgery, and reducing the risk of patients requiring secondary treatment. In addition, by using the light-emitting unit in conjunction with the inclined input end, a complex conical structure at the output end and a protective structure outside the conical structure can be avoided. This simplifies the processing steps of the output end and controls production costs, while also maintaining the same fiber diameter between the output end and the optical fiber body, allowing the optical fiber catheter to meet the needs of smaller diameter vein laser closure surgeries. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of the optical fiber duct disclosed in this application.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber guide tube comprising multiple light-emitting holes in one embodiment of the present application, showing a first annular light spot and a second annular light spot.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a partial schematic diagram of an optical fiber guide tube comprising multiple light-emitting holes in one embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 4A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application discloses a light-emitting unit that is a ring-shaped optical fiber guide tube, showing a first annular light spot and a second annular light spot.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a partial schematic diagram of an optical fiber guide tube with a spherical output end in one embodiment of the present application, showing a second annular light spot and a third annular light spot.

[0040] Figure 6 This invention discloses, in one embodiment where the optical fiber diameter is 600 μm, the transmission efficiency and transmission efficiency ratio corresponding to different tilt angles.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a partial structural diagram of the input end and connector of an optical fiber duct in one embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical fiber guide tube with an anti-reflection coating at the input end, as disclosed in one embodiment of this application.

[0043] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0044] Fiber optic conduit 100, fiber optic body 11, light-emitting unit 111, light-emitting aperture 1111, centerline 1112, first annular surface 1113, second annular surface 1114, central axis 1115, fiber core 112, quartz cladding 113, coating layer 114, protective layer 115, first segment 116, second segment 117, input end 12, output end 13, first annular light spot 20, second annular light spot 30, third annular light spot 40, connector 50, heat dissipation space 60, anti-reflection coating 70. Detailed Implementation

[0045] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0046] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0047] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0048] Please see Figure 1-4 As shown, this application provides an optical fiber conduit 100, which is used to connect to a laser module and transmit the laser beam emitted by the laser module, so that the laser beam output from the optical fiber conduit 100 can form at least two annular light spots that act on the vein wall simultaneously and treat the vein wall sequentially. Based on the thermal effect of laser energy, the blood in the diseased vein coagulates and the vein wall contracts, thereby achieving the purpose of closing the blood vessel and improving blood return.

[0049] Furthermore, the optical fiber conduit 100 includes an optical fiber module, which includes an optical fiber body 11, an input end 12, and an output end 13. The input end 12 and the output end 13 are located at opposite ends of the optical fiber body 11 along the extension direction of the optical fiber body 11. The input end 12 is used to allow laser light emitted by the laser source to enter the optical fiber body 11, and the output end 13 is used to allow laser light passing through the optical fiber body 11 to exit.

[0050] The input end 12 is inclined to the plane of the radial direction of the optical fiber body 11, and the optical fiber body 11 has a circumferentially formed light-emitting unit 111 near the output end 13. This allows the laser beam emitted by the laser module to be refracted at the end face of the input end 12 before entering the optical fiber body 11. Since different laser beams in the laser beam are refracted from different positions on the end face of the input end 12 into the optical fiber body 11, different laser beams will undergo multiple total internal reflections at different positions within the optical fiber body 11. This results in a portion of the laser beam being emitted obliquely outward from the light-emitting unit 111 to form a first annular light spot 20, and another portion of the laser beam being emitted from the output end 13 along the plane of the radial direction of the optical fiber body 11. The first annular spot 20 is emitted along the axial direction to form a second annular spot 30. Therefore, compared with the prior art which can only output one annular spot, this application can output two annular spots simultaneously. This allows the first annular spot 20 and the second annular spot 30 to effectively disperse the output laser energy. At the same time, the first annular spot 20 can pre-contract the blood vessel area that needs to be closed, and then the second annular spot 30 can perform contraction and closure. In this way, the first annular spot 20 and the second annular spot 30 can ablate and close the blood vessel with a gentler laser energy, effectively increasing the treatment area, thereby improving the ablation and closure rate and the success rate of the operation, and reducing the risk of patients needing secondary treatment.

[0051] In addition, by setting the light-emitting unit 111 in conjunction with the inclined input end 12, it is possible to avoid setting a complex conical structure on the output end 13 and setting a protective structure on the outside of the conical structure. This not only simplifies the processing steps of the output end 13 and controls the production cost, but also keeps the output end 13 consistent with the fiber diameter of the optical fiber body 11, so that the optical fiber conduit 100 can meet the needs of vein laser closure surgery with smaller tube diameter.

[0052] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 2-3 As shown, the light-emitting unit 111 includes a plurality of light-emitting holes 1111, which are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the optical fiber body 11, so that a portion of the laser light is emitted obliquely outward from each of the light-emitting holes 1111 to form the first annular light spot 20. In this embodiment, the spaced light-emitting holes 1111 can effectively allow laser light to be emitted to form the first annular light spot 20 while ensuring the structural strength of the optical fiber body 11 at the plurality of light-emitting holes 1111.

[0053] In another embodiment, please refer to Figure 4As shown, the optical fiber body 11 has a first annular surface 1113 and a second annular surface 1114. The first annular surface 1113 faces the output end 13, and the second annular surface 1114 faces away from the output end 13. The first annular surface 1113 and the second annular surface 1114 are connected to each other to form a conical light-emitting unit 111. The first annular surface 1113 is used to allow laser light to be emitted obliquely outward to form the first annular light spot 20. Specifically, the first annular surface 1113 is used to allow laser light to be emitted and form the first annular light spot 20. In this embodiment, in the cross-sectional view passing through the central axis 1115 of the optical fiber body 11, the conical light-emitting unit 111 is approximately V-shaped.

[0054] Further, please refer to Figure 3 as well as Figure 6 As shown, the optical fiber body 11 includes a fiber core 112, a quartz cladding 113, a coating layer 114, and a protective layer 115. The quartz cladding 113 covers the outer wall of the fiber core 112, the coating layer 114 is coated on the outer wall of the quartz cladding 113, and the protective layer 115 covers the outer wall of the coating layer 114, such that the fiber core 112, the quartz cladding 113, the coating layer 114, and the protective layer 115 are distributed outward in sequence from the radial direction of the optical fiber body 11.

[0055] In the embodiments of this application, each of the light-emitting holes 1111 penetrates the quartz cladding 113, the coating layer 114, and the protective layer 115, and the depth of each light-emitting hole 1111 on the fiber core 112 is 10-60 μm, thereby allowing the laser light transmitted within the fiber core 112 to be refracted at the light-emitting hole 1111 and emitted obliquely outward. Each light-emitting hole 1111 is a blind hole; therefore, none of the light-emitting holes 1111 penetrates the fiber core 112. In one embodiment, the depth of each light-emitting aperture 1111 on the fiber core 112 may be 10 μm; in another embodiment, the depth of each light-emitting aperture 1111 on the fiber core 112 may be 60 μm; in other embodiments, the depth of each light-emitting aperture 1111 on the fiber core 112 may also be 13 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 24 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 48 μm, 55 μm, etc., which will not be listed here.

[0056] In the embodiments of this application, the radius of each light-emitting aperture 1111 on the fiber core 112 is 12-35 μm, so that each light-emitting aperture 1111 can effectively allow laser light to be emitted obliquely outward. In one embodiment, the radius of each light-emitting aperture 1111 on the fiber core 112 can be 12 μm; in another embodiment, the radius of each light-emitting aperture 1111 on the fiber core 112 can be 35 μm; in other embodiments, the radius of each light-emitting aperture 1111 on the fiber core 112 can also be 13 μm, 16 μm, 22 μm, 27 μm, 30 μm, 32 μm, etc., which will not be listed here.

[0057] In the embodiments of this application, the angle between the wall of each light-emitting aperture 1111 and the center line 1112 of the light-emitting aperture 1111 is 30-65 degrees, so that the laser light can be effectively refracted from the wall of the light-emitting aperture 1111 and obliquely emitted outward to form the first annular light spot 20. The center line 1112 extends along the radial direction of the optical fiber body 11; or the minimum angle between the center line 1112 and the central axis 1115 is an acute angle.

[0058] In one embodiment, the angle between the wall of each light-emitting aperture 1111 and the center line 1112 of the light-emitting aperture 1111 is 30 degrees; in another embodiment, the angle between the wall of each light-emitting aperture 1111 and the center line 1112 of the light-emitting aperture 1111 is 65 degrees; in other embodiments, the angle between the wall of each light-emitting aperture 1111 and the center line 1112 of the light-emitting aperture 1111 can also be 32 degrees, 35 degrees, 38 degrees, 40 degrees, 46 degrees, 51 degrees, 57 degrees, 62 degrees, etc., which will not be listed here.

[0059] It should be noted that the energy of the first annular light spot 20 can be adjusted by setting different hole depths and / or hole radii of the light-emitting holes 1111 on the fiber core 112, and / or different angles between the hole wall of the light-emitting hole 1111 and its centerline 1112, so as to meet the treatment needs of the first annular light spot 20 with different energies. In addition, the light-emitting holes 1111 can be processed by laser cutting or drilling.

[0060] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, a plurality of light-emitting holes 1111 are arranged in an array on the optical fiber body 11, thereby effectively increasing the radiation area of ​​the first annular light spot 20, so that the first annular light spot 20 can effectively pre-shrink the inner wall of the varicose veins that need to be treated.

[0061] Furthermore, the array of light-emitting holes 1111 includes 2-10 light-emitting holes 1111 arranged along the circumferential direction of the optical fiber body 11, and 2-120 light-emitting holes 1111 arranged along the axial direction of the optical fiber body 11 corresponding to each light-emitting hole 1111 in the circumferential direction, so that each light-emitting unit 111 has 4-1200 light-emitting holes 1111, thereby meeting the treatment needs of different lesion degrees.

[0062] The array of light-emitting holes 1111 may include two light-emitting holes 1111 arranged along the circumferential direction of the optical fiber body 11; or the array of light-emitting holes 1111 may include four light-emitting holes 1111 arranged along the circumferential direction of the optical fiber body 11; or the array of light-emitting holes 1111 may include seven light-emitting holes 1111 arranged along the circumferential direction of the optical fiber body 11; or the array of light-emitting holes 1111 may include ten light-emitting holes 1111 arranged along the circumferential direction of the optical fiber body 11; these will not be listed one by one here.

[0063] In addition, there are two light-emitting holes 1111 arranged along the axial direction of the optical fiber body 11 corresponding to each light-emitting hole 1111 in the circumferential direction; or, eight light-emitting holes 1111 arranged along the axial direction of the optical fiber body 11 corresponding to each light-emitting hole 1111 in the circumferential direction; or, 20 light-emitting holes 1111 arranged along the axial direction of the optical fiber body 11 corresponding to each light-emitting hole 1111 in the circumferential direction; or, 48 light-emitting holes 1111 arranged along the axial direction of the optical fiber body 11 corresponding to each light-emitting hole 1111 in the circumferential direction; or, each light-emitting hole 1111 arranged along the axial direction of the optical fiber body 11 corresponding to each light-emitting hole 1111 in the circumferential direction. The light-emitting apertures 1111 are arranged in the following ways: 75 light-emitting apertures 1111; or 94 light-emitting apertures 1111 arranged along the axial direction of the optical fiber body 11 corresponding to each light-emitting aperture 1111 in the circumferential direction; or 100 light-emitting apertures 1111 arranged along the axial direction of the optical fiber body 11 corresponding to each light-emitting aperture 1111 in the circumferential direction; or 110 light-emitting apertures 1111 arranged along the axial direction of the optical fiber body 11 corresponding to each light-emitting aperture 1111 in the circumferential direction; or 120 light-emitting apertures 1111 arranged along the axial direction of the optical fiber body 11 corresponding to each light-emitting aperture 1111 in the circumferential direction.

[0064] Furthermore, the aperture of each light-emitting aperture 1111 is 25-40 μm, wherein each aperture is located at the protective layer 115, the distance between adjacent light-emitting apertures 1111 is greater than or equal to 50 μm, the angle between the aperture wall of each light-emitting aperture 1111 and the center line 1112 of the light-emitting aperture 1111 is 30-65 degrees, the aperture depth of each light-emitting aperture 1111 on the fiber core 112 is 20-30 μm, and the aperture radius of each light-emitting aperture 1111 on the fiber core 112 is 12-35 μm.

[0065] During the laser processing drilling process, the laser energy heats and melts the fiber body 11 at the drilling location. Therefore, the diameter of each light-emitting hole 1111 gradually increases along the direction from its bottom to its opening. This facilitates the formation of the light-emitting hole 1111 and allows the laser light transmitted from the fiber body 11 to be refracted from the hole wall of the light-emitting hole 1111 and emitted obliquely to form the first annular light spot 20.

[0066] In one embodiment, the aperture of each light-emitting aperture 1111 is 25 μm, the distance between adjacent light-emitting apertures 1111 is 50 μm, the angle between the aperture wall of each light-emitting aperture 1111 and the center line 1112 of the light-emitting aperture 1111 is 30 degrees, the aperture depth of each light-emitting aperture 1111 on the fiber core 112 is 20 μm, and the aperture radius of each light-emitting aperture 1111 on the fiber core 112 is 12 μm.

[0067] In another embodiment, the aperture of each light-emitting aperture 1111 is 33 μm, the distance between adjacent light-emitting apertures 1111 is 60 μm, the angle between the aperture wall of each light-emitting aperture 1111 and the center line 1112 of the light-emitting aperture 1111 is 48 degrees, the aperture depth of each light-emitting aperture 1111 on the fiber core 112 is 25 μm, and the aperture radius of each light-emitting aperture 1111 on the fiber core 112 is 25 μm.

[0068] In other embodiments, the aperture of each light-emitting aperture 1111 is 40 μm, the distance between adjacent light-emitting apertures 1111 is 80 μm, the angle between the aperture wall of each light-emitting aperture 1111 and the center line 1112 of the light-emitting aperture 1111 is 65 degrees, the aperture depth of each light-emitting aperture 1111 on the fiber core 112 is 30 μm, and the aperture radius of each light-emitting aperture 1111 on the fiber core 112 is 35 μm.

[0069] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, the distance between the light-emitting unit 111 and the output end 13 along the axial direction of the optical fiber body 11 is 4-8 mm, so that the interval between the first annular light spot 20 and the second annular light spot 30 along the axial direction of the optical fiber is short, so that after the first annular light spot 20 performs pre-contraction treatment on the inner wall of the blood vessel, the second annular light spot 30 can then perform closure treatment on the pre-contraction treated blood vessel.

[0070] It is understood that the distance between the light-emitting unit 111 and the output end 13 along the axial direction of the optical fiber body 11 can be 4mm, 4.2mm, 4.5mm, 5mm, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7.2mm, 8mm, etc., and will not be listed here.

[0071] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the end face of the output end 13 is parallel to the plane containing the radial direction of the optical fiber body 11, that is, the output end 13 is a plane, so that the laser transmitted through the optical fiber guide tube 100 can form the first annular spot 20 and the second annular spot 30.

[0072] In another embodiment, please refer to Figure 5-6 As shown, the output end 13 is spherical, so that the laser transmitted through the optical fiber guide tube 100 can form a third annular spot 40 while forming the first annular spot 20 and the second annular spot 30.

[0073] It should be noted that when the end face of the output end 13 is parallel to the plane containing the radial direction of the optical fiber body 11, or when the output end 13 is spherical, it is possible to avoid setting a transparent protective cover on the output end 13. This ensures that the diameter of the output end 13 is consistent with the diameter of the optical fiber body 11, thereby effectively increasing the applicability of the optical fiber catheter 100 and enabling ablation and closure of blood vessels with smaller diameters.

[0074] Furthermore, the inclination angle of the end face of the input terminal 12 relative to the plane containing the radial direction of the optical fiber body 11 is between 10 and 45 degrees. That is, in one embodiment, the inclination angle of the end face of the input terminal 12 relative to the plane containing the radial direction of the optical fiber body 11 is 10 degrees; in another embodiment, the inclination angle of the end face of the input terminal 12 relative to the plane containing the radial direction of the optical fiber body 11 is 45 degrees; it is understood that in other embodiments, the inclination angle of the end face of the input terminal 12 relative to the plane containing the radial direction of the optical fiber body 11 can also be any angle between 10 and 45 degrees, for example, 12.5 degrees, 17.4 degrees, 26 degrees, 35 degrees, 42 degrees, etc., which will not be listed here one by one.

[0075] It should be noted that, for the tilt angle of the input end 12, the smaller the tilt angle, the more laser beams can be refracted from the input end 12 and enter the optical fiber body 11, and the fewer laser beams are reflected at the input end 12. Therefore, the smaller the tilt angle, the more effectively the proportion of the laser beam entering the optical fiber body 11 can be increased, thereby helping to improve the utilization rate of the laser beam.

[0076] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the numerical aperture NA of the optical fiber body 11 is 0.2; in another embodiment, the numerical aperture of the optical fiber body 11 is 0.6; it is understood that in other embodiments, the numerical aperture NA of the optical fiber body 11 can also be any value between 0.2 and 0.6, such as 0.21, 0.25, 0.3, 0.37, 0.45, 0.55, 0.58, etc., which will not be listed one by one here.

[0077] It should be noted that the numerical aperture NA is determined by the fiber body 11 itself, but the size of the numerical aperture NA will determine the critical angle of the fiber body 11, and the larger the numerical aperture, the larger the corresponding critical angle. Therefore, even if some laser light can be refracted into the fiber body 11, because the maximum interior angle of the laser light propagating in the fiber body 11 exceeds the critical angle of the fiber body 11, the laser light cannot undergo total internal reflection at the interface between the core 112 and the cladding in the fiber body 11. Therefore, the laser light will be lost in the fiber body 11. Conversely, if the maximum interior angle of the laser light propagating in the fiber body 11 is less than the critical angle of the fiber body 11, the laser light will undergo total internal reflection at the interface between the core 112 and the cladding in the fiber body 11 and will eventually be emitted from the output end 13.

[0078] With a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.57, the transmission efficiency is assessed when the tilt angle is 10, 20, 30, or 45 degrees, the diameter of the fiber optic body 11 is 400 μm or 600 μm, the power of the laser module is 4 W or 12 W, and the operating time is 5 min or 30 min. The temperature of the fiber optic body 11 located within the connector 50 and near the input end 12 is also considered. By adjusting the tilt angle of the input end 12, the first annular spot 20 and the second annular spot 30 can be emitted at different exit divergence angles, thereby adaptively targeting lesions of different morphologies and improving treatment efficacy.

[0079] Furthermore, the connector 50 is fixed to the optical fiber body 11 by adhesive. The lower the temperature of the optical fiber body 11, the better it is to maintain the adhesive bonding effect.

[0080] It should be noted that, depending on the degree of varicose veins, the power of the laser module can also be 2W, 5W, 6W, 8W, or 10W, and is not limited here.

[0081] In one embodiment, the numerical aperture NA is 0.57 and the tilt angle is 30 degrees. Therefore, in this embodiment, a significant portion of the laser beam emitted by the laser module can be refracted into the optical fiber body 11. After being refracted into the optical fiber body 11, the laser beam can be transmitted within the optical fiber body 11 with high transmission efficiency and finally exit from the output end 13.

[0082] Furthermore, the length of the optical fiber body 11 can be set according to the length of varicose veins in different patients. Generally, the length of the optical fiber body 11 is between 1000mm and 3000mm, and is not limited here.

[0083] Furthermore, the diameter of the optical fiber body 11 can be set according to the diameter of the varicose veins and the degree of tortuosity of the veins in the patient. Typically, the diameter of the optical fiber body 11 is between 200μm and 1000μm, and is not limited here. It can be understood that the smaller the diameter of the optical fiber body 11, the smaller the minimum bending radius of the optical fiber body 11 and the better its bending resistance.

[0084] Furthermore, the laser wavelength output from the laser module to the fiber optic module is in the infrared band, and the laser wavelength range can be a single wavelength of 1470±20nm, so as to better control the treatment temperature during the treatment of varicose veins; in addition, the laser wavelength range can also be a combination of 1470±20nm and 980±20nm, or a dual wavelength combination of 1470±20nm and 1940±20nm; among them, the wavelength combination of 1470±20nm and 980±20nm can be used in the process of treating varicose veins with a 1470±20nm wavelength laser. Based on better control of the treatment temperature, the higher energy of the 980±20nm wavelength laser is fully utilized to improve treatment efficiency; the combination of 1470±20nm and 1940±20nm wavelengths can better control the treatment temperature during the treatment of varicose veins with the 1470±20nm wavelength laser, while fully utilizing the superior water absorption capacity of the 1940±20nm wavelength laser compared to 980±20nm and 1470±20nm. This reduces the incidence of complications and the probability of blood carbonization and vessel wall perforation while requiring less energy to close varicose veins.

[0085] Please see Figure 4 As shown, the optical fiber body 11 includes a first segment 116 and a second segment 117. The first segment 116 and the second segment 117 are connected by a connector 50 or an optical fiber patch cord. The end of the first segment 116 away from the second segment 117 is the input end 12, and the end of the second segment 117 away from the first segment 116 is the output end 13.

[0086] By configuring the optical fiber body 11 to be composed of the first segment 116 and the second segment 117, the second segment 117 can directly use an existing optical fiber with a planar or spherical output end 13, while the first segment 116 uses an optical fiber with an inclined input end 12. This avoids the high processing difficulty caused by the need for high-precision polishing of the input end 12 and the output end 13 separately for the integrated optical fiber body 11, and the problem of not being able to quickly replace the output end 13 because it needs to be cleaned after each treatment before it can be reused. Therefore, by configuring the first segment 116 and the second segment 117, the processing difficulty of the optical fiber module can be reduced, and the second segment 117 can be quickly replaced to reuse the first segment 116 and make the optical fiber module that has been replaced with the second segment 117 usable directly.

[0087] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the first segment 116 is fixedly connected to the connector 50, which is used to connect to the host, thereby ensuring that the first segment 116 and the connector 50 maintain a relative position. This allows the input end 12 located on the first segment 116 to maintain a relative position with the host, ensuring that the laser output by the host is refracted into the first segment 116 from the same area on the input end 12 each time. This allows the laser to be transmitted to the second segment 117 with a stable transmission efficiency, and output from the output end 13 of the second segment 117 to form the first annular spot 20 and the second annular spot 30.

[0088] Alternatively, in another embodiment, the first segment 116 is coupled to the host. Therefore, the first segment 116 remains relatively stationary with respect to the host and is fixed to the host. This avoids the need to adjust the relative angle between the input end 12 and the host every time the fiber optic module is connected to the host. Thus, after adjusting the angle of the input end 12 relative to the host for the first time, the desired two ring-shaped light spots output from the output end 13 can be obtained.

[0089] The second segment 117 is connected to the host via connector 50, so that the second segment 117 is connected to the first segment 116, thereby enabling the laser energy transmitted by the first segment 116 to continue to be transmitted through the second segment 117 and output from the output terminal 13 on the second segment 117.

[0090] In the embodiments of this application, the light-emitting unit 111 may be disposed on the first segment 116 or on the second segment 117. When the light-emitting unit 111 is disposed on the second segment 117, it is convenient to connect the first segment 116 to the host via the connector 50, and it is convenient to process the light-emitting unit 111 on the second segment 117.

[0091] In the embodiments of this application, the annular conical light-emitting unit 111 is located at the connection between the first segment 116 and the second segment 117. The first end connecting the first segment 116 and the second segment 117 is a truncated cone. The end face of the second end connecting the second segment 117 and the first segment 116 is a plane parallel to the radial direction of the optical fiber body 11. The top surface of the truncated cone is coaxially connected to the end face of the second end, so that the annular inclined surface of the truncated cone (i.e., the first annular surface 1113) and the end face of the second end, except for the part with the top surface of the truncated cone (i.e., the second annular surface 1114), define and form the annular conical light-emitting unit 111.

[0092] By configuring the optical fiber body 11 to include the first segment 116 and the second segment 117, and configuring the first end of the first segment 116 to be a truncated cone shape, it is convenient to process the light-emitting unit 111 with the annular conical groove shape, and to facilitate the processing and polishing of the second segment 117.

[0093] In the embodiments of this application, the light-emitting unit 111, which is in the shape of a conical groove, is located at the connection between the first segment 116 and the second segment 117. The first end connecting the first segment 116 and the second segment 117 is a truncated cone, and the second end connecting the second segment 117 and the first segment 116 is a truncated cone. After the first segment 116 and the second segment 117 are connected, the first annular inclined surface (i.e., the first annular surface 1113) of the truncated cone corresponding to the first end and the second annular inclined surface (i.e., the second annular surface 1114) of the truncated cone corresponding to the second end directly define and form the light-emitting unit 111 in the shape of a conical groove.

[0094] By configuring the optical fiber body 11 to include the first segment 116 and the second segment 117, and configuring the first end of the first segment 116 to be truncated cone-shaped, the processing of the light-emitting unit 111 in the shape of a ring-shaped conical groove can be facilitated.

[0095] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, the numerical aperture of the first segment 116 is less than or equal to the numerical aperture of the second segment 117, so that the laser emitted from the first segment 116 toward the second segment 117 can enter the second segment 117 and undergo total internal reflection within the second segment 117, thereby ensuring that the laser emitted from the output end 13 of the second segment 117 can form the first annular spot 20 and the second annular spot 30.

[0096] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, the diameter of the first segment 116 is less than or equal to the diameter of the second segment 117, thereby preventing the laser emitted from the first segment 116 from leaking at the connection between the first segment 116 and the second segment 117, thus ensuring that all the laser transmitted by the first segment 116 can enter the second segment 117, thereby ensuring the transmission efficiency of the optical fiber.

[0097] In embodiments of this application, the optical fiber body 11 has at least two light-emitting units 111, which are spaced apart along the axial direction of the optical fiber body 11. Each light-emitting unit 111 can emit a portion of the laser to form a first annular spot 20. This allows the laser transmitted by the optical fiber conduit 100 to form two first annular spots 20 and a second annular spot 30, thereby enabling the closure and treatment of blood vessels with a gentler laser energy.

[0098] Further, please refer to Figure 1 as well as Figure 7 As shown, the connector 50 is used to connect the fiber optic module to the laser module of the host, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser module can be directed towards the fiber optic module.

[0099] The connector 50 is connected to the optical fiber body 11 and close to the input end 12. The connection between the connector 50 and the optical fiber body 11 and the corresponding portion of the optical fiber body 11 and the input end 12 is not in contact. This creates a heat dissipation space 60 between the portion of the optical fiber body 11 close to the input end 12 and the corresponding connector 50, thereby enabling the input end 12 to efficiently dissipate heat and reduce its temperature when receiving a laser beam.

[0100] Furthermore, the connector 50 is an ST connector 50 or an SMA connector 50. When the fiber optic module is connected to the laser module through the ST connector 50 or the SMA connector 50, the position of the input end 12 relative to the laser module remains unchanged. Since the laser beam emitted from the laser module is not a circular spot, but typically an elliptical or nearly circular irregular spot, and the energy of the spot is not uniformly distributed, and since the end face of the input end 12 is inclined, the axial rotation of the fiber optic module can affect the optimal incident area of ​​the input end 12. Therefore, using the ST connector 50 or the SMA connector 50 can fix the angle between the input end 12 and the laser module, thereby ensuring that the fiber optic module always receives the laser beam emitted by the laser module at the same angle. This ensures that the incident laser beam can fall entirely into the optimal incident area of ​​the input end 12, and that the energy of the laser beam received each time from a laser module of the same power is basically the same, thus guaranteeing the stability of the spot energy.

[0101] Further, please refer to Figure 8 As shown, the end face of the input end 12 is provided with an antireflection film 70. The antireflection film 70 is used to increase the proportion of laser light emitted by the laser module that is refracted from the end face of the input end 12 into the optical fiber body 11, thereby reducing the reflection ratio of the laser light, so that more laser light can enter the optical fiber body 11 for total internal reflection, thereby improving the utilization rate of the laser beam, and further improving the energy of the annular spot, so as to improve the treatment efficiency.

[0102] On the other hand, please see Figure 1-8As shown, this application also provides a laser ablation device, which includes the fiber optic conduit 100 described in any of the above claims. Therefore, the laser ablation device possesses all the aforementioned beneficial effects, which will not be repeated here.

[0103] Furthermore, the laser ablation device also includes a main unit. The main unit is connected to the fiber optic conduit 100, and includes a laser module and a control module. The control module controls the laser module to output a laser beam to the fiber optic conduit 100, such that at least a portion of the output laser beam is refracted from the end face of the input end 12 into the fiber optic body 11, and then emitted from the output end 13 to form a ring-shaped light spot.

[0104] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0105] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0106] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An optical fiber duct, characterized in that, The optical fiber conduit includes an optical fiber module, which includes an optical fiber body, an input end, and an output end. The input end and the output end are located at opposite ends of the optical fiber body along the extension direction of the optical fiber body. The input end is used to allow laser light emitted by the laser source to enter the optical fiber body, and the output end is used to allow laser light passing through the optical fiber body to exit. The end face of the input end is inclined to the plane in the radial direction of the optical fiber body. The optical fiber body has a light-emitting unit circumferentially opened near the output end. A portion of the laser light is emitted obliquely outward from the light-emitting unit to form a first annular light spot, and another portion of the laser light is emitted obliquely outward from the output end to form a second annular light spot. The light-emitting unit includes multiple light-emitting holes, which are arranged at circumferential intervals along the main body of the optical fiber. Alternatively, the optical fiber body has a first annular surface and a second annular surface, the first annular surface facing the output end and the second annular surface facing away from the output end, the first annular surface and the second annular surface are connected to each other to form the light-emitting unit in the shape of annular conical groove, and the first annular surface is used to allow the laser to be emitted obliquely outward to form the first annular light spot.

2. The optical fiber conduit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical fiber body includes a fiber core, a quartz cladding, a coating layer, and a protective layer. The quartz cladding covers the outer wall of the fiber core, the coating layer is coated on the outer wall of the quartz cladding, and the protective layer covers the outer wall of the coating layer. Each of the light-emitting holes penetrates the quartz cladding, the coating layer, and the protective layer, and the depth of each light-emitting hole on the fiber core is 10-60 μm. And / or, the radius of each of the light-emitting holes on the fiber core is 12-35 μm; And / or, the angle between the wall of each light-emitting aperture and the centerline of the light-emitting aperture is 30-65 degrees.

3. The optical fiber conduit according to claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple light-emitting holes are arranged in an array on the optical fiber body.

4. The optical fiber conduit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The array of light-emitting holes includes 2-10 light-emitting holes arranged along the circumferential direction of the optical fiber body, and 2-120 light-emitting holes arranged along the axial direction of the optical fiber body corresponding to each light-emitting hole in the circumferential direction. The aperture of each light-emitting hole is 25-40 μm, the distance between adjacent light-emitting holes is greater than or equal to 50 μm, the angle between the hole wall of each light-emitting hole and the center line of the light-emitting hole is 30-65 degrees, the hole depth of each light-emitting hole on the fiber core is 20-30 μm, and the hole radius of each light-emitting hole on the fiber core is 12-35 μm.

5. The optical fiber conduit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the light-emitting unit and the output end along the axial direction of the optical fiber body is 4-8 mm.

6. The optical fiber conduit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The end face of the output end is parallel to the plane containing the radial direction of the optical fiber body; Alternatively, the output terminal may be spherical.

7. The optical fiber conduit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inclination angle of the end face of the input end relative to the plane containing the radial direction of the optical fiber body is 10-45 degrees. The numerical aperture (NA) of the optical fiber body is 0.2-0.

6.

8. The optical fiber conduit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The numerical aperture NA is 0.57, and the tilt angle is 30 degrees.

9. The optical fiber conduit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical fiber body includes a first segment and a second segment, which are connected by a connector or an optical fiber patch cord. The end of the first segment away from the second segment is the input end, and the end of the second segment away from the first segment is the output end. The light-emitting unit is located on the second segment; Alternatively, the light-emitting unit in the shape of a conical groove is located at the connection between the first segment and the second segment, and the first end connecting the first segment and the second segment is a truncated cone, and the end face of the second end connecting the second segment and the first segment is a plane parallel to the radial direction of the optical fiber body; Alternatively, the light-emitting unit in the shape of a conical groove is located at the connection between the first segment and the second segment, and the first end connecting the first segment and the second segment is a truncated cone, and the second end connecting the second segment and the first segment is a truncated cone.

10. The optical fiber conduit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical fiber body has at least two light-emitting units, the two light-emitting units are spaced apart along the axial direction of the optical fiber body, and each light-emitting unit can emit a portion of the laser to form a first annular light spot.

11. The optical fiber conduit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fiber optic conduit also includes a connector for connecting the fiber optic module to the host, wherein the connector is connected to the fiber optic body and close to the input end, and the fiber optic body and the connector are not in contact between the connection point of the connector and the fiber optic body and the input end.

12. The optical fiber conduit according to claim 11, characterized in that, The connector is an ST connector or an SMA connector. When the fiber optic module is connected to the host via the ST connector or the SMA connector, the position of the input end relative to the laser module of the host remains unchanged.

13. The optical fiber conduit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input end face is provided with an anti-reflection membrane.

14. A laser ablation device, characterized in that, The laser ablation device includes the fiber optic conduit as described in any one of claims 1-13; and The host is connected to the optical fiber conduit, and the host includes a laser module and a control module. The control module is used to control the laser module to output a laser beam to the optical fiber conduit.

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