Ceramic powder reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure
By introducing ceramic powder between intermetallic compound layers, a three-dimensional composite structure was constructed, which solved the problems of thermal stress cracking and poor interfacial performance of metal micro-layered materials under high temperature environment, and realized a high-strength and high-toughness ceramic powder reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DALIAN UNIV OF TECH
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing metal micro-layered materials are prone to thermal stress cracking under high temperature conditions and have poor interfacial properties, making it difficult to achieve three-dimensional complex layering of shell-like biomimetic structures. Toughening is needed to improve material properties.
By introducing ceramic powder into the interlayer of intermetallic compounds, a porous tubular structure is designed. The ceramic powder is introduced into the interlayer of intermetallic compounds and thermo-pressure diffusion is used to construct a three-dimensional composite structure and interface features, eliminating the continuous layered structure and forming intermetallic compounds by thermo-pressure diffusion.
This study achieves a combination of high strength and high toughness in intermetallic compound materials, solves the cracking problem of traditional materials under high temperature conditions, and improves the overall performance of the materials.
Smart Images
Figure CN224309615U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of structural and functional composite structure preparation technology, and specifically relates to a ceramic powder reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Metal intermetallic laminates (MILs) are a novel type of composite material. They mimic the structure of natural seashells through biomimetic principles, alternating layers of high-hardness, high-elastic-modulus intermetallic compounds with metals exhibiting good plasticity and toughness to form a layered composite material. This material not only possesses advantages such as low density, high strength, and high specific modulus, but also overcomes the shortcomings of intermetallic compounds in terms of room-temperature plasticity and poor toughness, showing broad application prospects in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, weaponry, and protective armor.
[0003] While metals and intermetallic compounds possess excellent mechanical properties, replicating the complex layered structure of seashells in their microstructural biomimetic design remains challenging. Existing metal microlayered materials are typically fabricated by alternating layers of metals or intermetallic compounds. However, this layering is a two-dimensional planar structure, thus presenting a technological bottleneck in achieving seashell-like biomimetic structures. Furthermore, current conventional hot-pressing processes, due to the significant differences in thermal expansion coefficients among different metals, easily generate thermal stress at the interface under high temperatures, leading to material deformation and even cracking. Therefore, toughening is a key requirement for improving the performance of microlayered materials. Introducing toughening phases can effectively inhibit crack propagation and improve the fracture toughness of the material. In addition, controlling the design of multidimensional interface structures is also an important approach to achieving toughening.
[0004] Ceramic particle reinforcement is one of the important means to improve the performance of metal matrix composites. When ceramic particles are uniformly dispersed in the matrix, they can effectively hinder dislocation movement and crack propagation, thereby improving the strength and toughness of the material. Furthermore, the addition of ceramic particles can also improve the thermal conductivity of the material, giving it potential application value in the field of thermal management. In summary, introducing ceramic particles into practical applications to fully leverage their reinforcement and toughening advantages, combining metal / intermetallic compound microlaminated materials with ceramic particle reinforcement technology, and further utilizing the concept of three-dimensional interface construction in microlaminated materials, provides new ideas and directions for developing high-performance microlaminated composite materials that combine high strength and high toughness. Utility Model Content
[0005] This invention addresses the problems of poor interfacial properties, limited preparation methods, and susceptibility to cracking in traditional micro-layered materials by providing a ceramic powder-reinforced multilayered metal and intermetallic compound composite structure. This invention involves encapsulating powdered ceramic particles within the intermetallic compound during the diffusion reaction, thereby reinforcing and toughening the compound. Simultaneously, through overall macroscopic structural design, a three-dimensional composite structure and interfacial features are constructed, eliminating continuous layered structures and achieving a comprehensive improvement in material properties.
[0006] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0007] A ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure is a cuboid structure, which is composed of a metal cuboid block with a porous tubular structure and a hollow pure aluminum tube placed inside the porous tubular structure and filled with ceramic powder and aluminum powder, and is formed by interfacial composite through hot-press diffusion.
[0008] The porous tubular metal cuboid consists of N tubular unit structures within the metal cuboid, where N > 1. Each tubular unit structure has a braided structure, its orientation is adjustable, and its opening can be located on any face of the cuboid. The diameter of each tubular unit structure is the same as the outer diameter of the hollow pure aluminum tube, and it is a through hole, ensuring that the pure aluminum tube can be easily placed into the tubular unit structure.
[0009] To ensure the overall uniformity and controllable performance of the intermetallic compound formed by hot pressing, the minimum distance between the axes of adjacent tubular unit structures is greater than the diameter of the tubular unit structure; the minimum distance from the axis of the tubular unit structure to the edge of the metal cuboid block is greater than the diameter of the tubular unit structure.
[0010] Furthermore, the wall thickness of the hollow pure aluminum tube is 0.1mm to 10mm.
[0011] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the hollow pure aluminum tube is 1mm to 100mm.
[0012] Furthermore, the length of the hollow pure aluminum tube is equal to the length of the tubular unit structure into which it is inserted.
[0013] Furthermore, the ceramic powder is a spherical powder with a diameter of 1μm to 100μm.
[0014] Furthermore, the aluminum powder is a spherical powder with a diameter of 1μm to 2mm.
[0015] Furthermore, the metal cuboid block is an iron alloy block or a nickel alloy block, used to construct a tough layer metal based on iron-based or nickel-based micro-layered materials and form an intermetallic compound with pure aluminum.
[0016] This utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
[0017] This invention, based on the biomimetic design theory of micro-layered materials, avoids the traditional hot-pressing diffusion process of metal-to-metal stacking. It utilizes a high-performance rectangular metal block with a tubular structure to match and diffuse with a pure aluminum tube containing ceramic powder, directly forming a metal and intermetallic compound stacked material with a three-dimensional spatial interface structure. This solves the problem of traditional two-dimensional large-planar intermetallic compounds easily cracking and failing under stress. This highly designable metal and intermetallic compound composite structure can utilize the size and distribution variations of the tubular structure and hollow pure aluminum tube to construct gradient structures that meet the needs of different scenarios, fully leveraging the performance characteristics of the stacked materials. It also allows for subsequent large plastic deformation based on the characteristics of the high-performance alloy in the tough layer, demonstrating a wider range of applications. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 (a) is a front view of a ceramic powder reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite cuboid structure, where A is a metal cuboid block, B is a hollow pure aluminum tube, and C is a mixed powder.
[0019] (b) is an enlarged view of the hollow pure aluminum tube and the ceramic and pure aluminum powder inside it, where B is the hollow pure aluminum tube, D is the ceramic powder, and E is the pure aluminum powder.
[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the interface characteristics of the ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure obtained after hot-pressing diffusion of the assembled cuboid structure. F represents the intermetallic compound containing ceramic powder. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.
[0022] A ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure is a cuboid structure, which is composed of a metal cuboid block with a porous tubular structure and a hollow pure aluminum tube placed inside the porous tubular structure and filled with ceramic powder and aluminum powder, and is formed by hot-pressing diffusion to achieve interfacial composite.
[0023] The metal cuboid with a porous tubular structure consists of N tubular unit structures within the metal cuboid, where N>1; the diameter of each tubular unit structure is the same as the outer diameter of the hollow pure aluminum tube, and it is a through hole;
[0024] The minimum distance between the axes of adjacent tubular unit structures is greater than the diameter of the tubular unit structure; the minimum distance from the axis of the tubular unit structure to the edge of the metal cuboid block is greater than the diameter of the tubular unit structure.
[0025] The wall thickness of the hollow pure aluminum tube is 0.1mm to 10mm.
[0026] The outer diameter of the hollow pure aluminum tube is 1mm to 100mm.
[0027] The length of the hollow pure aluminum tube is equal to the length of the tubular unit structure into which it is inserted.
[0028] The ceramic powder accounts for 50-80% of the mass of the mixture of ceramic powder and aluminum powder.
[0029] The ceramic powder is one or more of alumina, boron nitride, or silicon nitride.
[0030] The ceramic powder is a spherical powder with a diameter of 1μm to 100μm.
[0031] The aluminum powder is a spherical powder with a diameter of 1μm to 2mm.
[0032] The metal cuboid block is an iron alloy block or a nickel alloy block.
[0033] Example 1: A ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure: The ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure is a cuboid structure, composed of a metal cuboid block with a porous tubular structure and hollow pure aluminum tubes filled with mixed powders within the porous tubular structure, which are composited at the interface through hot-pressing diffusion; the metal cuboid block with the porous tubular structure is 304 stainless steel, with a length, width, and height of 100mm, 100mm, and 80mm, respectively; the hollow pure aluminum tubes have an outer diameter of 20mm, a wall thickness of 4mm, and lengths of 100mm and 80mm, totaling 16 tubes. Figure 1 As shown, it matches the tubular unit structure; the mixed powder is composed of spherical alumina ceramic powder with a diameter of 10μm and spherical pure aluminum powder with a diameter of 50μm, which are mixed evenly in a 1:1 mass ratio.
[0034] The 304 stainless steel cuboid structure has 16 tubular unit structures in 4 rows on its long and wide cross-sections. Two rows of through holes are parallel to the long and wide cross-sections, and two rows of through holes are perpendicular to the long and wide cross-sections. The diameter of the through holes is 20 mm. The tubular unit structures are evenly distributed on the cuboid structure. The minimum distance between the axes of adjacent tubular unit structures is greater than the diameter of the tubular unit structure. The minimum distance between the axis of the tubular unit structure and the edge of the metal cuboid block is greater than the diameter of the tubular unit structure.
[0035] The hot-press diffusion process involves placing the assembled cuboid structure into a hot-pressing device, controlling the melting of the aluminum tube and aluminum powder to a semi-solid state, allowing the pure aluminum and iron alloy to fully react and form intermetallic compounds, and ensuring that all aluminum is consumed, ultimately obtaining a multilayered metal and intermetallic compound composite structure reinforced with alumina ceramic powder. Figure 2 As shown.
[0036] Example 2: A ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure: The ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure is a cuboid structure, consisting of a metal cuboid block with a porous tubular structure and hollow pure aluminum tubes placed inside the porous tubular structure and filled with mixed powder, which are composited at the interface through hot-pressing diffusion; the metal cuboid block with a porous tubular structure is 316 stainless steel, with a length, width and height of 500mm, 500mm and 400mm respectively; the hollow pure aluminum tubes have outer diameters of 60mm and 100mm, wall thickness of 20mm, and lengths of 500mm and 400mm respectively, totaling 13 tubes, matching the tubular unit structure; the mixed powder consists of spherical boron nitride ceramic powder with a diameter of 100μm and spherical pure aluminum powder with a diameter of 2mm, mixed uniformly in a 4:1 mass ratio.
[0037] The 316 stainless steel cuboid structure has 13 tubular units in 4 rows on its cross-section. Two rows of through holes are parallel to the cross-section, with 2 and 3 through holes evenly distributed in each row, and the diameter of the through holes is 60 mm. Two rows of through holes are perpendicular to the cross-section, with 4 through holes evenly distributed in each row, and the diameter of the through holes is 100 mm. The tubular unit structures are evenly distributed on the cuboid structure. The minimum distance between the axes of adjacent tubular unit structures is greater than the diameter of the tubular unit structure. The minimum distance between the axis of the tubular unit structure and the edge of the metal cuboid block is greater than the diameter of the tubular unit structure.
[0038] The hot-press diffusion process involves placing the assembled cuboid structure into a hot-pressing device, controlling the aluminum tube and aluminum powder to melt to a semi-solid state, allowing pure aluminum and iron alloy to fully react and form intermetallic compounds, and consuming all the aluminum to ultimately obtain a multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure reinforced with alumina ceramic powder.
[0039] Example 3: A ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure: The ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure is a cuboid structure, consisting of a metal cuboid block with a porous tubular structure and a hollow pure aluminum tube filled with mixed powder placed inside the porous tubular structure, and the interface is composited by hot-pressing diffusion; the metal cuboid block with a porous tubular structure is an Inconel alloy (73Ni-15Cr-Ti,Al), with a length, width and height of 300mm, 300mm and 280mm respectively; the hollow pure aluminum tube has an outer diameter of 40mm, a wall thickness of 8mm, and lengths of 100mm and 80mm respectively, totaling 16 tubes, matching the tubular unit structure; the mixed powder consists of spherical silicon nitride ceramic powder with a diameter of 50μm and spherical pure aluminum powder with a diameter of 1mm, mixed uniformly in a 2:1 mass ratio.
[0040] The Inconel alloy (73Ni-15Cr-Ti,Al) cuboid structure has 25 tubular units in 5 rows machined on its cross-section. Three rows of through holes are parallel to the cross-section, and two rows are perpendicular to the cross-section. The diameter of the through holes is 40 mm. The tubular units are evenly distributed on the cuboid structure. The minimum distance between the axes of adjacent tubular units is greater than the diameter of the tubular unit structure. The minimum distance between the axis of the tubular unit structure and the edge of the metal cuboid block is greater than the diameter of the tubular unit structure.
[0041] The hot-press diffusion process involves placing the assembled cuboid structure into a hot-pressing device, controlling the aluminum tube and aluminum powder to melt to a semi-solid state, allowing pure aluminum and nickel alloy to fully react and form an intermetallic compound, and consuming all the aluminum to finally obtain a multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure reinforced with alumina ceramic powder.
[0042] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the implementation of this utility model, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of this utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure, characterized in that, The ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure is a cuboid structure, which is composed of a metal cuboid block with a porous tubular structure and a hollow pure aluminum tube placed inside the porous tubular structure and filled with ceramic powder and aluminum powder, and is formed by hot-pressing diffusion to achieve interfacial composite. The metal cuboid with a porous tubular structure consists of N tubular unit structures within the metal cuboid, where N>1; the diameter of each tubular unit structure is the same as the outer diameter of the hollow pure aluminum tube, and it is a through hole; The minimum distance between the axes of adjacent tubular unit structures is greater than the diameter of the tubular unit structure; the minimum distance from the axis of the tubular unit structure to the edge of the metal cuboid block is greater than the diameter of the tubular unit structure.
2. The ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wall thickness of the hollow pure aluminum tube is 0.1mm to 10mm.
3. The ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the hollow pure aluminum tube is 1mm to 100mm.
4. The ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the hollow pure aluminum tube is equal to the length of the tubular unit structure into which it is inserted.
5. The ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic powder is a spherical powder with a diameter of 1μm to 100μm.
6. The ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum powder is a spherical powder with a diameter of 1μm to 2mm.
7. The ceramic powder-reinforced multilayer metal and intermetallic compound composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal cuboid block is an iron alloy block or a nickel alloy block.