A three-dimensional scanning galvanometer-based device for multi-axis precision laser machining of complex curved surfaces
By using a multi-axis laser precision machining device based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer, combined with a real-time monitoring system, the problems of precision and efficiency in laser machining on complex curved surfaces have been solved, achieving high-precision, distortion-free marking and efficient machining, which is suitable for a variety of complex curved surface machining scenarios.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANGHAI INST OF LASER TECH
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing laser precision machining equipment struggles to achieve high precision and efficiency on complex curved surfaces, especially large rotating curved surfaces or irregular planes, where there are problems such as limited marking range, edge defects and deformation, and coarse edge spot.
A multi-axis laser precision machining device based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer is adopted, which is combined with a CCD rangefinder camera and a rangefinder for real-time monitoring. The laser focus is adjusted in real time through a three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer and a four-axis motion platform to ensure distortion-free marking and efficient machining of the laser beam on complex curved surfaces.
It achieves high-precision and high-efficiency laser processing of complex curved surfaces, breaking through the dimensional and area limitations of traditional devices, and is suitable for high-precision processing needs in fields such as aerospace, integrated circuits, automobile manufacturing and medical devices.
Smart Images
Figure CN224309814U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of laser precision machining technology, specifically to a multi-axis laser precision machining device based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer for complex curved surfaces. Background Technology
[0002] Current laser precision machining equipment plays an increasingly important role in industrial manufacturing, integrated circuits, aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and medical devices due to its high precision and non-contact processing characteristics. Especially in the field of precision machining, laser processing technology provides an effective solution. This technology can handle complex shapes and materials that are difficult to achieve with traditional machining, but it also faces challenges in terms of processing accuracy and efficiency.
[0003] Currently, due to the special nature of their application environments, some material functional structures are often large curved surfaces of revolution or irregular planes, such as spheres, cones, inclined planes, steps, etc. The overall size (on the order of centimeters) is nearly a hundred times different from the size of the functional structure to be processed (on the order of micrometers). This is a typical example of cross-size manufacturing, which requires both high precision and high efficiency, and the processing and preparation process is quite difficult.
[0004] The 3D scanning galvanometer system, through a dynamic focusing unit, can adjust the laser focus position in real time during processing to ensure that the laser beam is always focused on the 3D curved surface, thereby achieving efficient processing of complex curved surfaces. Traditional laser processing systems suffer from problems such as limited marking range, edge defects and deformation, and coarse edge spot under complex curved surface conditions. Therefore, a processing method that can improve the accuracy and adaptability of laser processing, especially in the processing of complex curved surfaces, has become a key point in technological development. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-axis laser precision machining device for complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer. This device can achieve high-precision laser precision machining of complex curved surfaces. By using a high-precision three-dimensional scanning galvanometer, it ensures high-precision, shape-deformation-free precision machining when machining complex curved surface materials with a maximum size of 600*600*400mm.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a multi-axis laser precision machining device for complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer, comprising a base, a four-axis motion platform and a dust collection device fixed on the upper surface of the base, an optical support platform fixed on the upper surface of the base, a laser emitting unit, a beam control module and a three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer fixed on the front side of the optical support platform, and a real-time monitoring unit fixed on the lower side of the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer.
[0007] Preferably, the beam control module consists of a first laser reflector, a second laser reflector, and an electric beam expander.
[0008] Preferably, the real-time monitoring unit consists of a CCD rangefinder camera and a rangefinder.
[0009] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0010] 1. This device for multi-axis laser precision machining of complex curved surfaces, based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer, breaks through the limitations of traditional marking dimensions and areas through the dynamic focusing control system of the three-dimensional galvanometer. It can perform distortion-free marking on complex 3D curved surfaces. With the help of a CCD rangefinder camera and a rangefinder, it can monitor and adjust in real time to ensure high precision and high efficiency in machining.
[0011] 2. This device for multi-axis laser precision machining of complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer is compact in design and easy to operate. It is suitable for laser machining scenarios of various complex curved surfaces, and performs particularly well in high-precision machining requirements in fields such as aerospace, integrated circuits, automobile manufacturing, and medical devices. Through this invention, high-precision and high-efficiency laser machining of complex curved surfaces can be achieved, which has important industrial application value. Attached Figure Description
[0012] Figure 1 This is a frontal three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;
[0013] Figure 2 This is a right-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;
[0014] Figure 3 This is a front view of the appearance structure of this utility model.
[0015] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Four-axis motion platform; 3. Dust collection device; 4. Optical support platform; 5. Laser emitting unit; 6. Beam control module; 601. First laser reflector; 602. Second laser reflector; 603. Motorized beam expander; 7. Three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer; 8. Real-time monitoring unit; 801. CCD rangefinder camera; 802. Rangefinder. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0017] Please see Figures 1-3This utility model provides a technical solution: a multi-axis laser precision machining device for complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer, comprising a base 1, a four-axis motion platform 2 and a dust collection device 3 respectively fixed on both sides of the upper end face of the base 1, an optical support platform 4 fixed on the upper end face of the base 1, a laser emitting unit 5, a beam control module 6 and a three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer 7 fixed on the upper part of the optical support platform 4, and a real-time monitoring unit 8 fixed on the lower side of the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer 7. The laser emitting unit 5 can generate a Gaussian energy distribution laser beam, which acts on the surface of the complex workpiece for precision machining through the entire multi-axis laser precision machining device for complex curved surfaces. The laser can be a solid-state laser, a gas laser or a fiber laser, the pulse width can be femtosecond, picosecond and nanosecond, and the wavelength range can be infrared, green light and ultraviolet. The appropriate laser type is selected according to the processing material and requirements.
[0018] The 3D dynamic focusing galvanometer 7 dynamically focuses and adjusts the laser focus position in real time during processing. The 3D dynamic focusing galvanometer 7 can save the Z-axis adjustment component, accurately achieve uniform and consistent light spot throughout the entire 3D processing area, and make the processing area variable in real time, saving a field lens.
[0019] The four-axis motion platform 2, combined with the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer 7, achieves coordinated motion of five degrees of freedom, enabling multi-angle positioning and machining of complex curved surfaces, optimizing laser beams, improving machining consistency, and featuring high-speed response and synchronous motion control, which can significantly improve machining flexibility and accuracy.
[0020] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the beam control module 6 consists of a first laser reflector 601, a second laser reflector 602, and an electric beam expander 603. The first laser reflector 601, the second laser reflector 602, and the electric beam expander 603 constitute the beam control module 6, which is used to precisely adjust the laser propagation direction, optical path layout, beam diameter, and divergence angle. The electric beam expander 603 can be dynamically adjusted according to processing requirements, and its magnification is variable.
[0021] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the real-time monitoring unit 8 consists of a CCD rangefinder camera 801 and a rangefinder 802. The real-time monitoring unit 8 can monitor the processing process and the distance between the laser focus and the processing surface in real time, as well as monitor the status of the workpiece and the laser spot during laser processing. Based on the feedback signal from the real-time monitoring system, it automatically adjusts each part of the laser rotary cutting and drilling system to adapt to the processing requirements of complex surfaces and maintains the precise alignment between the laser focus and the processing surface.
[0022] Working principle: Includes the following steps:
[0023] S1. Place the workpiece to be processed precisely on the worktable and ensure that it is fixed and stable. Start the device to activate the entire complex curved surface multi-axis laser precision machining system. The laser emitting unit 5 generates a high-energy laser beam. The laser beam first passes through the beam control module 6 to adjust the incident angle of the laser beam and dynamically and finely adjust the magnification according to the processing requirements to ensure the stability and uniformity of the beam.
[0024] S2. The adjusted laser beam is dynamically focused onto the workpiece surface by the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer 7, and high-precision laser processing of complex curved surfaces begins.
[0025] S3. During the processing, the real-time monitoring unit 8 monitors the processing status in real time, including the position of the laser focus and the processing quality of the workpiece. When the misalignment between the laser focus and the workpiece surface is detected, the adaptive adjustment control system automatically adjusts the laser parameters of the laser emitting unit 5 according to the feedback signal, controls the laser incident angle and orientation and the position of the laser focus, and the four-axis motion platform 2 dynamically adjusts the workpiece posture so that the laser beam is always incident on each part of the curved surface at the best angle.
[0026] S4. Used in conjunction with the dust collection device 3, it reduces the heat effect on the workpiece surface during processing, and can effectively remove slag and dust from the processing area, improving processing efficiency and quality. The pressure and flow rate of the dust collection device 3 can be adjusted according to processing requirements.
[0027] S5. Once the processing task is completed, the entire complex curved surface multi-axis laser precision processing system stops working. This includes turning off the laser emitting unit 5, stopping the operation of the first laser reflector 601, the second laser reflector 602, the electric beam expander 603 and the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer 7, and turning off the monitoring system. Subsequently, the processed workpiece is inspected and further processed.
[0028] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A device for multi-axis laser precision machining of complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: A four-axis motion platform (2) and a dust collection device (3) are fixed on both sides of the upper surface of the base (1). An optical support platform (4) is fixed on the upper surface of the base (1). A laser emitting unit (5), a beam control module (6) and a three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer (7) are fixed on the upper surface of the optical support platform (4). A real-time monitoring unit (8) is fixed on the lower side of the three-dimensional dynamic focusing galvanometer (7).
2. The device for multi-axis laser precision machining of complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The beam control module (6) consists of a first laser reflector (601), a second laser reflector (602), and an electric beam expander (603).
3. The device for multi-axis laser precision machining of complex curved surfaces based on a three-dimensional scanning galvanometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The real-time monitoring unit (8) consists of a CCD rangefinder camera (801) and a rangefinder (802).