Fireproof and rescue integrated space of metro vehicle depot developed with upper cover
By designing an integrated fire prevention and rescue space in the subway vehicle depot, and utilizing fire truck access roads and related facilities, the difficulties of evacuation and rescue in enclosed spaces during fires have been solved, achieving efficient fire safety assurance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- TIANJIN SHENGDA SECURITY TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-02
AI Technical Summary
In subway depots developed with roofs, the enclosed space makes it difficult for smoke to dissipate naturally during a fire, hindering personnel evacuation and fire rescue efforts. Existing fire-fighting facilities are scattered and cannot form an efficient and coordinated fire prevention and rescue system.
A space integrating fire prevention and rescue has been designed, including fire truck access roads, firewalls, fire doors, fireproof covers, mechanical smoke exhaust systems, indoor fire hydrant systems, automatic fire alarm systems, emergency lighting and evacuation guidance systems, automatic sprinkler systems, and other facilities to ensure the safety of personnel evacuation and fire rescue.
It enables rapid evacuation and fire rescue in the event of a fire, improves the overall fire safety level of the subway vehicle depot, and ensures the safety of personnel and the efficient conduct of rescue operations.
Smart Images
Figure CN224314705U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fire protection design technology for urban rail transit, and more specifically, to an integrated fire protection and rescue space for a subway vehicle depot with a covered top. Background Technology
[0002] With the booming development of urban rail transit, the safety of vehicle depots, as the core locations for parking, maintenance, and operation management of subway vehicles, is of paramount importance. Early vehicle depots often adopted an open-plan layout, with good connectivity between the buildings and the external environment, ample natural ventilation and lighting, and direct and clear evacuation routes. In the event of a fire, smoke could spread rapidly, and firefighters could quickly reach the scene to carry out rescue operations. Under this model, fire safety management was relatively easy, and traditional fire-fighting facilities and evacuation routes could basically meet safety requirements.
[0003] However, with increasingly scarce urban land resources, the development model of properties above vehicle depots has emerged. By constructing mixed-use properties such as commercial, residential, and office buildings above vehicle depots, this development achieves "dual use" of the land, realizing the composite utilization of land and greatly enhancing land value and urban space utilization. However, this development model also fundamentally changes the fire safety of the vehicle depots beneath them. The vehicle depot transforms from an open ground space into a relatively enclosed, "underground" space, severely weakening natural ventilation and lighting. In the event of a fire, smoke cannot escape naturally, and the dim lighting significantly increases the difficulty of evacuation. Furthermore, the close connection between the above-ground property and the underlying building structure, along with complex structures such as pipe shafts and equipment mezzanines, provides potential pathways for fire spread, making fire prevention and control even more challenging.
[0004] Currently, while the buildings beneath vehicle depots are equipped with conventional safe evacuation routes, such as staircases and passageways, and are fitted with fire alarms and extinguishing facilities, they still face numerous limitations in practical application. Conventional evacuation routes may become unusable in high-temperature, dense-smoke environments due to structural damage or obstructed visibility. Firefighters often face difficulties accessing these buildings, lacking safe rest areas and sufficient space for rescue operations, hindering rapid and effective firefighting and search and rescue efforts. Furthermore, existing fire protection facilities are mostly independently and dispersed, lacking systematic integration and failing to form an efficient and collaborative fire prevention and rescue system. Against this backdrop, there is an urgent need for an integrated fire prevention and rescue space that can simultaneously meet the needs of safe evacuation and fire rescue, filling the gaps in existing technology and improving the overall fire safety level of buildings beneath vehicle depots. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and propose a fire prevention and rescue integrated space for subway vehicle depots with a cover, which can ensure that the vehicle depot under the cover has good personnel evacuation performance and fire rescue safety.
[0006] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution.
[0007] An integrated fire prevention and rescue space for a subway vehicle depot with a covered structure includes a large underground storage area connected to the outdoor ground. A fire truck access road surrounds the large storage area, with safety exits at both ends leading directly to the outdoor ground. A fire wall separates the large storage area from the fire truck access road, with entrances / exits connecting the two areas, each equipped with a fire door. Fireproof covers connect the large storage area, the fire truck access road, and the covered property development building, with supporting beams at the bottom. The fire truck access road is equipped with a mechanical smoke extraction system, an indoor fire hydrant system, an automatic fire alarm system, emergency lighting and evacuation guidance systems, and an automatic sprinkler system.
[0008] Furthermore, the fire truck access road shall be at least 10m wide and 10m high, and both ends shall be equipped with safety exits leading directly to the outdoor ground.
[0009] Furthermore, the metro vehicle depot's large storage area, fire truck access roads, and the above-ground property development buildings are all separated by fireproof covers and support beams with a fire resistance rating of not less than 3.00 hours.
[0010] Furthermore, the smoke exhaust outlet of the mechanical smoke exhaust system is located at the top of the fire truck access road.
[0011] Furthermore, the fire hydrant box of the indoor fire hydrant system is equipped with a fire hose reel, and the arrangement of the fire hydrant box is such that at least two fire hoses can simultaneously reach any part of the fire hydrant box on the same plane.
[0012] Furthermore, the fire detector of the automatic fire alarm system is installed on the inner top of the fire truck lane, and the manual alarm button is installed on the side wall of the fire truck lane.
[0013] Furthermore, the lighting fixtures of the emergency lighting and evacuation guidance system are installed on the side wall of the fire truck access road, with a minimum horizontal illuminance of not less than 10 Lx, and the evacuation guidance signs of the emergency lighting and evacuation guidance system are installed on the side wall of the fire truck access road and are arranged continuously along the direction of personnel evacuation.
[0014] Furthermore, the automatic sprinkler system is a pre-action automatic sprinkler system, with each sprinkler head installed on the inner top of the fire truck access road.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical solution of this utility model are:
[0016] This utility model sets up fire lanes around the large storage area of the subway vehicle depot, and ensures the safety of personnel evacuation and fire rescue by setting up fire-resistant separation measures such as firewalls, fire doors, and fireproof covers, as well as fire-fighting facilities such as mechanical smoke exhaust systems, indoor fire hydrant systems, automatic fire alarm systems, emergency lighting and evacuation guidance systems, and automatic sprinkler systems, thus solving the difficulties of evacuation and rescue of buildings under the building.
[0017] This invention solves the problems of rescue and personnel evacuation in underground vehicle bases. Underground building users can evacuate to outdoor safe areas through the fire lane of the integrated fire prevention and rescue space. At the same time, fire rescue personnel can drive fire trucks to approach the underground building to carry out rescue operations through the fire lane of the integrated fire prevention and rescue space. The integrated fire prevention and rescue space of this invention has good fire prevention and fire rescue performance, ensuring the safety of personnel.
[0018] Instruction manual illustrations
[0019] Figure 1 This is a plan view of the integrated fire prevention and rescue space for a subway vehicle depot developed with a top cover according to this utility model.
[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA section view in the image.
[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 BB section view in the middle.
[0022] Attached label: 1-Metro vehicle depot large storage area, 2-Metro train, 3-Fire wall, 4-Fire door, 5-Fire truck access road, 6-Fireproof cover plate, 7-Support beam, 8-Smoke exhaust outlet, 9-Fire hydrant box, 10-Sprinkler head, 11-Manual alarm button, 12-Fire detector, 13-Evacuation sign, 14-Lighting light, 15-Safety exit. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0024] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, this utility model discloses a covered integrated fire prevention and rescue space for a subway vehicle depot, comprising a large storage area 1 for parking subway trains 2 requiring maintenance, cleaning, or other operations. The large storage area 1 is located underground and connects to the outdoor ground via a passageway for the subway trains 2 to enter and exit. The ground above the large storage area 1 can be used for property development and construction.
[0025] The metro depot's main storage area 1 is equipped with a fire truck access road 5 along its perimeter. Each end of the fire truck access road 5 has a safety exit 15 leading directly to the outdoor ground. A fire wall 3 forms a building side wall between the metro depot's main storage area 1 and the fire truck access road 5. This side wall has entrances / exits connecting the metro depot's main storage area 1 and the fire truck access road 5, each entrance / exit equipped with a fire door 4 for personnel passage. Fireproof covers 6 are installed between the metro depot's main storage area 1, the fire truck access road 5, and the above-ground property development buildings. Support beams 7 are installed at the bottom of the fireproof covers 6.
[0026] In addition, the fire lane 5 is equipped with a mechanical smoke extraction system, an indoor fire hydrant system, an automatic fire alarm system, an emergency lighting and evacuation guidance system, and an automatic sprinkler system. The mechanical smoke extraction system is designed to quickly exhaust smoke to the outside in the event of a fire in the subway depot's main storage area 1, ensuring the safety of personnel evacuation and fire rescue operations. The indoor fire hydrant system allows firefighters to quickly respond to fires on the fire lane 5, ensuring the safety of personnel evacuation and fire rescue operations. The automatic fire alarm system, emergency lighting, and evacuation guidance system are used to detect initial fires, creating favorable conditions for personnel evacuation and fire rescue operations. The automatic sprinkler system addresses the issue of frozen pipes in wet systems during winter, ensuring system safety and reliability, and enabling timely handling of initial fires.
[0027] In the aforementioned space, preferably, the fire lane 5 is at least 10m wide and at least 10m high, and both ends are provided with safety exits 15 leading directly to the outdoor ground.
[0028] In the aforementioned space, preferably, the metro vehicle depot storage area 1, the fire lane 5, and the above-ground property development buildings are all fire-resistant separated by fireproof cover plates 6 with a fire resistance rating of not less than 3.00 hours and supporting beams 7. The above-ground property development buildings refer to buildings developed on the ground directly above the metro vehicle depot storage area 1.
[0029] In the aforementioned space, preferably, the metro vehicle depot large storage area 1 and the fire truck access road 5 are fire-resistant separated by fire wall 3, Class A fire doors 4 and other separating components.
[0030] In the aforementioned space, preferably, the mechanical smoke exhaust system is designed to have a mechanical smoke exhaust volume of 11.1 × 10⁻⁶. 4 m 3 / h, the smoke exhaust outlet 8 is located on the top of the fire truck lane 5. For enclosed spaces under the cover that do not have natural smoke exhaust conditions, the mechanical smoke exhaust system can quickly exhaust toxic smoke, providing favorable conditions for personnel evacuation and fire rescue.
[0031] In the aforementioned space, preferably, the fire hydrant box 9 of the indoor fire hydrant system is equipped with a fire hose reel, and the arrangement of the fire hydrant box 9 is such that at least two fire hoses can simultaneously reach any part on the same plane with two solid water jets.
[0032] In the aforementioned space, preferably, the fire detector 12 and the manual alarm button 11 of the automatic fire alarm system are respectively installed on the inner top and side wall of the fire truck lane 5, for timely alarm of initial fire and timely response to fire extinguishing.
[0033] In the aforementioned space, preferably, the lighting lamps 14 of the emergency lighting and evacuation guidance system are installed on the side wall of the fire truck access road 5, with a minimum horizontal illuminance of not less than 10 Lx, and the evacuation guidance signs 13 of the emergency lighting and evacuation guidance system are installed on the side wall of the fire truck access road and are continuously arranged along the direction of personnel evacuation, so as to promptly guide personnel to quickly evacuate to a safe area in the event of a fire.
[0034] In the aforementioned space, preferably, considering the low outdoor temperature in winter, the automatic sprinkler system adopts a pre-action automatic sprinkler system, with each sprinkler head 10 installed inside the fire lane 5, the water spray intensity being 15L / min·㎡, and the effective area being 160㎡.
[0035] This utility model sets up fire lanes around the large storage area of the subway vehicle depot, and ensures the safety of personnel evacuation and fire rescue by setting up fire-resistant separation measures such as firewalls, fire doors, and fireproof covers, as well as fire-fighting facilities such as mechanical smoke exhaust systems, indoor fire hydrant systems, automatic fire alarm systems, emergency lighting and evacuation guidance systems, and automatic sprinkler systems, thus solving the difficulties of evacuation and rescue of buildings under the building.
[0036] Although the functions and working processes of this utility model have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this utility model is not limited to the specific functions and working processes described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these are within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A subway vehicle depot fire prevention and rescue integrated space developed with a cover, comprising a subway vehicle depot large warehouse area (1), wherein the subway vehicle depot large warehouse area (1) is arranged underground and is communicated with the outdoor ground, characterized in that, Fire truck access roads (5) are provided around the metro vehicle depot (1). Both ends of the fire truck access roads (5) are provided with safety exits (15) that lead directly to the outdoor ground. A building side wall formed by a firewall (3) is provided between the metro vehicle depot (1) and the fire truck access roads (5). The building side wall is provided with entrances and exits for connecting the metro vehicle depot (1) and the fire truck access roads (5). Each entrance and exit is provided with a fire door (4) for personnel passage. Fireproof covers (6) are provided between the metro vehicle depot (1), the fire truck access roads (5) and the above-ground property development buildings. Support beams (7) are provided at the bottom of the fireproof covers (6). The fire truck access roads (5) are provided with a mechanical smoke exhaust system, an indoor fire hydrant system, an automatic fire alarm system, an emergency lighting and evacuation guidance system, and an automatic sprinkler system.
2. The fire prevention and rescue integrated space of the metro vehicle depot developed with the cover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire truck lane (5) is not less than 10m wide and not less than 10m high, and both ends are equipped with safety exits leading directly to the outdoor ground.
3. The fire prevention and rescue integrated space of the metro vehicle depot with the cover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metro vehicle depot's large storage area (1), fire truck access road (5), and the above-ground property development buildings are all fire-resistant separated by fireproof cover plates (6) and support beams (7) with a fire resistance rating of not less than 3.00h.
4. The fire prevention and rescue integrated space of the metro vehicle depot with the cover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The smoke exhaust outlet (8) of the mechanical smoke exhaust system is located at the top of the fire truck lane (5).
5. The fire prevention and rescue integrated space of the metro vehicle depot with the cover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire hydrant box (9) of the indoor fire hydrant system is equipped with a fire hose reel, and the arrangement of the fire hydrant box (9) is such that at least two fire hoses can simultaneously reach any part of the fire hydrant box on the same plane.
6. The fire prevention and rescue integrated space of the metro vehicle depot with the cover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire detector (12) of the automatic fire alarm system is installed on the top of the fire truck lane (5), and the manual alarm button (11) is installed on the side wall of the fire truck lane (5).
7. The fire prevention and rescue integrated space of the metro vehicle depot with the cover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lighting lamps (14) of the emergency lighting and evacuation guidance system are installed on the side wall of the fire truck lane (5), with a minimum horizontal illuminance of not less than 10 Lx; the evacuation guidance signs (13) of the emergency lighting and evacuation guidance system are installed on the side wall of the fire truck lane and are arranged continuously along the direction of personnel evacuation.
8. The fire prevention and rescue integrated space of the metro vehicle depot with the cover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic sprinkler system is a pre-action automatic sprinkler system, and each of its sprinkler heads (10) is installed on the top of the fire truck lane (5).