Tunnel initial vault settlement monitoring device and system thereof

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of tunnel initial vault settlement monitoring device and system, it is related to tunnel engineering monitoring technical field, and settlement data of tunnel vault is collected using visual displacement module, and high-quality monitoring data can still be obtained under complex construction environment by adaptive ambient light compensation algorithm and infrared auxiliary calibration device;Visual displacement module is installed in the supported area behind tunnel face, and the borehole orifice position of its target and displacement meter is coincident, ensuring the consistency of space reference.At the same time, displacement rope assembly is pre-buried to the stratum above tunnel through advanced drilling, and its node sensor is arranged in gradient distribution, realizing continuous settlement monitoring of the excavation section in front of tunnel face.Not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of measurement, but also eliminates the drift error of displacement rope system reference point caused by stratum disturbance, enhances the adaptability and reliability of monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel engineering monitoring technology, specifically to a tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device and system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, monitoring the settlement of the tunnel arch is crucial during tunnel construction, directly impacting construction safety and project quality. However, existing monitoring technologies have several shortcomings. Traditional total station monitoring relies on manual operation, is inefficient, and can only deploy monitoring points after tunnel excavation, failing to capture settlement changes from the initial tunnel state to the excavation stage, thus failing to meet the needs of dynamic construction environments. While machine vision-based monitoring schemes offer certain automation advantages, they are similarly limited to deploying target points only after excavation, and their accuracy drops significantly in complex environments such as construction dust, making it difficult to guarantee the accuracy of monitoring data. Furthermore, while pre-drilled boreholes with embedded displacement gauges can monitor settlement in real time, ground disturbance can cause benchmark drift, affecting the reliability of measurement results. More critically, current technologies have not effectively solved the problem of time and spatial benchmark synchronization between the vision system and physical sensors, resulting in the inability to effectively fuse multi-source data and limiting the overall performance of the monitoring system.

[0003] Therefore, developing a new technology that can accurately and dynamically measure the settlement of the tunnel crown from the initial unexcavated state to the entire excavation process is of great practical significance for improving the monitoring level of tunnel engineering.

[0004] In view of the above, this application is hereby submitted. Utility Model Content

[0005] This utility model discloses a tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device and system, which can at least partially improve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device includes: a visual position module and a displacement rope assembly. The visual position module is configured at the tunnel support area within a preset length range behind the tunnel face to be monitored. The displacement rope assembly is configured in the stratum above the tunnel to be monitored. The control terminals of the visual position module and the displacement rope assembly are electrically connected to the output terminal of an external controller module. The output terminals of the visual position module and the displacement rope assembly are electrically connected to the input terminal of the external controller module.

[0008] The visual positioning module is used to collect visual displacement data of pre-deployed target points to obtain the settlement of the tunnel arch target in the excavated area, and the displacement rope assembly is used to collect the inclination changes at each collection node position of the tunnel to be monitored.

[0009] This utility model also provides a tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring system, which includes a controller module and a tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device as described in any of the above. The control end of the visual position module and the control end of the displacement rope assembly are electrically connected to the output end of the controller module, and the output end of the visual position module and the output end of the displacement rope assembly are electrically connected to the input end of the controller module.

[0010] In summary, the tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device achieves high-precision dynamic monitoring from the initial tunnel state to the entire excavation process by integrating machine vision and displacement gauge data correction technologies. Specifically, the device uses machine vision dynamic calibration as its core, combined with extended monitoring by displacement gauges, to construct a novel dual-layer monitoring architecture. The visual displacement module acquires real-time settlement data of the tunnel arch through ambient light compensation and infrared-assisted calibration; simultaneously, the displacement rope assembly is pre-embedded in the strata above the tunnel through pre-drilled boreholes, and its node sensors are arranged in a gradient distribution to achieve continuous settlement monitoring of the excavated section in front of the tunnel face. This tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device not only improves monitoring accuracy but also enhances adaptability and reliability, making it suitable for monitoring tunnel arch settlement in complex construction environments and providing strong technical support for the safe construction of tunnel projects. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this utility model provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed utility model, but merely represents selected embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0013] The specific embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0014] Please see Figure 1 The first embodiment of this utility model discloses a tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device, which includes: a visual position module and a displacement rope assembly. The visual position module is configured at the tunnel support area formed at a distance of a preset length behind the tunnel face to be monitored. The displacement rope assembly is configured in the stratum above the tunnel to be monitored. The control end of the visual position module and the control end of the displacement rope assembly are used to be electrically connected to the output end of an external controller module. The output end of the visual position module and the output end of the displacement rope assembly are used to be electrically connected to the input end of the external controller module.

[0015] The visual positioning module is used to collect visual displacement data of pre-deployed target points to obtain the settlement of the tunnel arch target in the excavated area, and the displacement rope assembly is used to collect the inclination changes at each collection node position of the tunnel to be monitored.

[0016] Preferably, the output terminal of the power module is electrically connected to the power terminal of the visual positioning module and the power terminal of the displacement rope assembly.

[0017] Specifically, in this embodiment, the visual positioning module is first carefully installed in a specific area behind the tunnel face to be monitored. This area is where the tunnel support has been formed and is a certain preset length away from the tunnel face. This installation location is chosen to ensure that the visual positioning module can operate in a relatively stable environment while effectively monitoring the settlement of the tunnel arch in the excavated area behind the tunnel face. The displacement rope assembly is configured in the stratum above the tunnel to be monitored. Through its internal node sensors, it can collect real-time data on the inclination changes at each data collection node location. This data is crucial for analyzing the settlement of the tunnel arch.

[0018] The control terminals of both the visual positioning module and the displacement rope assembly are electrically connected to the output terminal of the external controller module. This means that the external controller can effectively control and issue commands to these two modules. Simultaneously, their output terminals are also electrically connected to the input terminal of the external controller module, ensuring that the collected visual displacement and tilt angle change data can be smoothly transmitted to the external controller module for further processing and analysis. This electrical connection method not only ensures the stability and real-time performance of data transmission but also enables the entire monitoring system to operate automatically, significantly improving monitoring efficiency and accuracy.

[0019] The primary function of the visual positioning module is to collect visual displacement data from pre-deployed target points. These target points are carefully designed and arranged to accurately reflect the settlement of the tunnel arch. Through the high-precision acquisition by the visual positioning module, the settlement of the tunnel arch targets within the excavated area can be obtained. This process not only provides intuitive settlement data but also allows for early warning of potential tunnel safety issues through settlement analysis. The displacement rope assembly focuses on collecting dip angle changes at various acquisition nodes within the monitored tunnel. These dip angle change data reflect the dynamic changes in the strata above the tunnel during construction. Analyzing this data provides a more comprehensive understanding of the tunnel arch settlement, offering strong data support for construction safety.

[0020] The implementation of the tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device not only enables real-time monitoring of tunnel arch settlement but also provides more comprehensive and accurate settlement data through the coordinated operation of the visual positioning module and displacement rope assembly. This multi-dimensional data acquisition method makes the monitoring results more reliable and effectively avoids the errors and uncertainties that may arise from single monitoring methods. Simultaneously, through electrical connection with an external controller module, the entire monitoring system can operate automatically, greatly improving monitoring efficiency, reducing the need for manual intervention, and providing strong technical support for the safety and quality of tunnel construction.

[0021] Preferably, the visual positioning module is a visual displacement camera 1, which includes an infrared anti-interference module. The target corresponding to the visual displacement camera 1 is positioned at the arch top of the excavated area behind the tunnel face to be monitored.

[0022] Preferably, the preset length range is 20 to 50 m.

[0023] Specifically, in this embodiment, the visual positioning module uses a visual displacement camera 1 as its core component. This visual displacement camera not only possesses high-precision image acquisition capabilities but also incorporates a built-in infrared anti-interference module. This module is designed to cope with the complex environments commonly encountered during tunnel construction, such as dust and water mist, which can severely affect the accuracy and reliability of visual monitoring. Through the infrared anti-interference module, the visual displacement camera 1 can stably acquire image data even under these adverse conditions, thereby ensuring the continuity and accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0024] The target of the visual displacement camera 1 was carefully positioned at the crown of the tunnel arch within the excavated area behind the tunnel face to be monitored. This placement method was based on a thorough understanding and analysis of the tunnel construction process. The excavated area behind the tunnel face is typically a relatively stable and easily monitored area; placing the target here ensures that the visual displacement camera can accurately capture changes in the crown's settlement. Furthermore, this location also considers its synergistic effect with the displacement rope assembly, enabling the two to work together effectively in space and provide more comprehensive monitoring data.

[0025] Furthermore, the visual displacement camera 1 is installed in the tunnel support area, 20 to 50 meters away from the tunnel face. This preset length range is the optimal solution obtained through multiple experiments and practical applications. The distance of 20 to 50 meters ensures that the visual displacement camera 1 can effectively monitor the arch of the excavated area behind the tunnel face, while avoiding construction interference due to excessive distance, and also ensuring the stability and accuracy of data acquisition. This distance setting allows the visual displacement camera 1 to operate in a relatively stable environment, thereby improving the quality and reliability of the monitoring data. It should be noted that in other embodiments, other types of visual positioning modules can also be used; no specific limitations are made here, but these solutions are all within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0026] Preferably, the displacement rope assembly is a displacement rope 2 fixed on a steel pipe. The displacement rope 2 is pre-embedded in the stratum above the tunnel to be monitored by pre-drilling. The position of the target is provided with the position of the borehole opening of the displacement rope assembly.

[0027] Preferably, the displacement rope 2 is composed of a gradient distribution of node sensors with equal or unequal spacing, wherein the spacing of the node sensors with equal spacing is 0.5m.

[0028] Specifically, in this embodiment, the design and arrangement of the displacement rope assembly is one of the key aspects of achieving accurate monitoring of tunnel arch settlement. The displacement rope assembly consists of a displacement rope 2 fixed to a steel pipe. This design not only ensures the stability of the displacement rope 2 during construction but also facilitates its pre-embedding in the strata above the tunnel to be monitored via pre-drilling. This pre-embedding method allows the displacement rope 2 to be in the monitoring position before tunnel excavation, thereby enabling real-time monitoring of the arch settlement from the initial state of the tunnel to the entire excavation process.

[0029] In this embodiment, the displacement rope 2 consists of a gradient distribution of nodal sensors with equal or unequal spacing. This flexible distribution can be adjusted according to the specific geological conditions and monitoring needs of the tunnel. For example, in areas with complex geological conditions or high risk of settlement, a nodal sensor distribution with unequal spacing can be used to more densely monitor settlement changes in key areas. In areas with relatively stable geological conditions, a nodal sensor distribution with equal spacing can be used to simplify the monitoring system and reduce monitoring costs.

[0030] Specifically, when using equally spaced nodal sensors, the spacing is set to 0.5 meters. This spacing is chosen based on a comprehensive consideration of the accuracy and cost of tunnel arch settlement monitoring. A 0.5-meter spacing ensures monitoring accuracy while avoiding excessively high monitoring costs due to overly dense nodal sensors. This spacing allows the displacement rope assembly to provide uniform and high-precision settlement monitoring data at different locations on the tunnel arch, thus providing strong data support for construction safety.

[0031] Furthermore, the target position of the displacement rope assembly coincides with the borehole opening position, a design that ensures precise spatial alignment between the visual positioning module and the displacement rope assembly. Through this shared-point arrangement, the visual displacement camera 1 can accurately monitor the arch settlement associated with the displacement rope assembly, thereby achieving an effective combination of visual monitoring data and displacement rope monitoring data. This fusion of multi-source data not only improves the accuracy of the monitoring results but also enhances the reliability of the monitoring system. It should be noted that in other embodiments, other types of displacement rope assemblies may be used; no specific limitation is made here, but all such solutions are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0032] In summary, to address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this paper proposes an efficient, accurate, and reliable monitoring solution: a tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device. This device addresses the complex geological conditions and dynamic environment encountered during tunnel construction. By integrating visual monitoring and displacement meter monitoring technologies, a dual-layer monitoring architecture is constructed, enabling continuous and high-precision monitoring throughout the entire tunnel construction process, from the initial unexcavated state to excavation.

[0033] The visual positioning module employs a visual displacement camera 1, which incorporates an infrared anti-interference module, enabling stable operation in complex construction environments such as dust and water mist. The visual displacement camera 1 is installed 20 to 50 meters behind the tunnel face in the supported area, with its target positioned at the arch of the excavated area behind the tunnel face. This arrangement not only ensures the accuracy of visual monitoring but also enhances the robustness of the monitoring system through the infrared anti-interference module, allowing the visual displacement camera 1 to continuously provide high-quality monitoring data even in harsh environments. The displacement rope assembly is pre-embedded in the strata above the tunnel using advanced drilling and consists of a displacement rope 2 fixed to a steel pipe. The displacement rope 2 is composed of a gradient distribution of node sensors with equal or unequal spacing, where the equally spaced node sensors are spaced 0.5 meters apart. This flexible arrangement can be adjusted according to the specific geological conditions and monitoring needs of the tunnel, ensuring high-density monitoring data in critical areas while simplifying the monitoring system and reducing monitoring costs in relatively stable areas. The target position of the displacement rope assembly coincides with the borehole opening position, ensuring precise spatial alignment between the visual positioning module and the displacement rope assembly, thereby achieving effective fusion of multi-source data.

[0034] Through data fusion and spatiotemporal registration, the monitoring device of this invention can spatially align and temporally synchronize visual displacement data with displacement gauge data. This spatiotemporal registration method not only improves the accuracy of data fusion but also provides a unified spatiotemporal benchmark for subsequent settlement analysis. Furthermore, by dynamically adjusting the data sampling frequency of the displacement gauges, the monitoring device can automatically encrypt data acquisition when settlement changes exceed warning values, thereby promptly capturing details of settlement changes and further improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring.

[0035] The tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device can continuously monitor the entire process from the initial state of the tunnel to the excavation construction. Furthermore, through a dynamic benchmark establishment and transmission mechanism, it significantly improves monitoring accuracy and system adaptability. Compared with existing technologies, this device not only solves the problems of low monitoring efficiency of traditional total stations, insufficient accuracy of single machine vision monitoring in complex environments, and displacement gauge benchmark drift, but also further enhances the reliability and stability of the monitoring system through multi-source data cross-validation and spatiotemporal benchmark synchronization. This high-precision, high-reliability monitoring device provides strong technical support for the safety and quality of tunnel construction, possessing significant practical value and broad application prospects.

[0036] The second embodiment of this utility model provides a tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring system, which includes a controller module and a tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device as described in any of the above. The control terminal of the visual position module and the control terminal of the displacement rope assembly are electrically connected to the output terminal of the controller module, and the output terminal of the visual position module and the output terminal of the displacement rope assembly are electrically connected to the input terminal of the controller module.

[0037] Preferably, the output terminal of the power supply module is electrically connected to the power supply terminal of the controller module.

[0038] Specifically, in this embodiment, by integrating the controller module and the aforementioned tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device, automated control of the monitoring process and efficient data processing are achieved. The controller module, as the core of the system, is responsible for coordinating the work of the visual positioning module and the displacement rope assembly, and for analyzing and processing the collected data. The control terminals of the visual positioning module and the displacement rope assembly are electrically connected to the output terminal of the controller module, meaning that the controller module can directly send control commands to these two modules, thereby achieving precise control of the monitoring process. For example, the controller can dynamically adjust the acquisition frequency of the visual positioning module or the sampling frequency of the displacement rope assembly according to a preset monitoring plan or changes in real-time monitoring data, to adapt to different monitoring needs and environmental changes. This flexible control method not only improves monitoring efficiency but also enhances the system's adaptability and reliability.

[0039] Simultaneously, the outputs of the visual positioning module and the displacement rope assembly are electrically connected to the input of the controller module, enabling the real-time transmission of collected visual displacement and tilt change data to the controller module. The controller module processes and analyzes the received data, for example, by performing spatiotemporal registration of the two types of data using a data fusion algorithm, thereby generating more accurate arch settlement monitoring results. This data processing method not only improves the accuracy of the monitoring data but also enables the timely detection of potential safety hazards, providing scientific decision support for tunnel construction. Furthermore, a power module is also provided, with its output electrically connected to the power supply of the controller module. The power module provides stable power support for the entire monitoring system, ensuring the normal operation of the monitoring device and the controller module. A stable power supply is the foundation for the reliable operation of the monitoring system. Through the design of the power module, the monitoring system of this invention can maintain continuous and stable monitoring capabilities in various environments, further improving the system's practicality and reliability.

[0040] The tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring system not only achieves high-precision and continuous monitoring of tunnel arch settlement, but also improves monitoring efficiency and data accuracy through the automated control and data processing functions of the controller module.

[0041] Preferably, it also includes a warning LED light, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the controller module.

[0042] Preferably, the module also includes a buzzer, the input of which is connected to the output of the controller module.

[0043] Specifically, in this embodiment, when the tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring system malfunctions, the buzzer will sound an alarm to remind staff to inspect it. Simultaneously, the warning LED light will be activated to further alert the staff. It should be noted that in other embodiments, buzzers and warning LED lights of other types can be used; this is not specifically limited here, but all such solutions are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0044] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model. The protection scope of this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions that fall within the scope of this utility model's concept are protected by this utility model.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring the initial settlement of the tunnel arch, characterized in that, include: The system includes a visual positioning module and a displacement rope assembly. The visual positioning module is positioned in the tunnel support area at a predetermined distance behind the tunnel face to be monitored. The displacement rope assembly is positioned in the stratum above the tunnel to be monitored. The control terminals of the visual positioning module and the displacement rope assembly are electrically connected to the output terminal of an external controller module. The output terminals of the visual positioning module and the displacement rope assembly are electrically connected to the input terminal of the external controller module. The visual positioning module is used to collect visual displacement data of pre-deployed target points to obtain the settlement of the tunnel arch target in the excavated area, and the displacement rope assembly is used to collect the inclination changes at each collection node position of the tunnel to be monitored.

2. The tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset length range is 20 to 50 meters.

3. The tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The visual positioning module is a visual displacement camera, which includes an infrared anti-interference module. The target corresponding to the visual displacement camera is set at the arch position within the excavated area behind the tunnel face to be monitored.

4. The tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The displacement rope assembly is a displacement rope fixed on a steel pipe. The displacement rope is pre-embedded in the stratum above the tunnel to be monitored by pre-drilling. The position of the target and the position of the borehole opening of the displacement rope assembly are provided.

5. The tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The displacement rope is composed of a gradient distribution of node sensors with equal or unequal spacing, wherein the spacing between the node sensors with equal spacing is 0.5m.

6. The tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a power module, the output of which is electrically connected to the power supply of the visual positioning module and the power supply of the displacement rope assembly.

7. A tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring system, characterized in that, The device includes a controller module and a tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the control end of the visual position module and the control end of the displacement rope assembly are electrically connected to the output end of the controller module, and the output end of the visual position module and the output end of the displacement rope assembly are electrically connected to the input end of the controller module.

8. The tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The output terminal of the power module is electrically connected to the power terminal of the controller module.

9. The tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a warning LED light, the input of which is connected to the output of the controller module.

10. The tunnel initial arch settlement monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a buzzer, the input of which is connected to the output of the controller module.

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