A milling cutter for processing external spline keyway

Abstract

A milling cutter for machining external spline keyways relates to the field of machining tool technology. It includes a cutter head and inserts disposed at the edge of the cutter head. The cutter head comprises a disc body with inclined surfaces formed at the edges of its upper and lower surfaces. An upper milling mechanism is arranged on the inclined surface at the edge of the upper surface of the disc body, and a lower milling mechanism is arranged on the inclined surface at the edge of the lower surface of the disc body. The inserts are disposed in both the upper and lower milling mechanisms, and the milling surfaces formed by the inserts in the upper and lower milling mechanisms are vertically aligned. In this milling cutter for machining external spline keyways, by using the inserts on the upper and lower surfaces of the disc body, in conjunction with the structure of the inclined surfaces, rough machining of the keyway can be achieved after one axial relative movement with the workpiece during rotation. This avoids the drawback of prior art, which requires milling at multiple angles to achieve rough machining, thus improving machining efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machining cutting tools, specifically to a milling cutter for machining external splines and keyways. Background Technology

[0002] Splines are a common type of mechanical connection structure, consisting of internal and external splines. The transmission function is achieved through the meshing of the teeth and keyways between the internal and external splines. In existing technologies, the machining of external spline keyways mainly includes two steps: roughing and finishing. The roughing step is typically performed using a saw-blade milling cutter, a common tool in this field. The cutter holder drives the milling cutter to rotate while simultaneously moving it along the workpiece's axial direction, ultimately completing the roughing of the keyway.

[0003] However, the keyway of a spline has a structure where the bottom is narrower than the opening. Taking the most common rectangular spline as an example, in the roughing process, the saw blade milling cutter first passes through the central axis of the keyway to machine the main groove body. Then, it performs two cuts on both sides of the main groove body to form the structure where the bottom of the keyway is narrower than the opening, completing the roughing process. Then, the subsequent finishing process is performed. Therefore, in the roughing process alone, the workpiece needs to be milled from at least three different machining angles, making the process cumbersome and inefficient. Therefore, designing a technical solution to improve the machining efficiency of roughing, thereby further improving the overall machining efficiency of external spline keyways, has become an urgent problem to be solved in this field. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a milling cutter for machining external spline keyways that can achieve rough machining of the keyway after the disc body moves axially relative to the workpiece once during rotation, avoiding the drawback of the prior art that requires milling at multiple angles to achieve rough machining, and improving the machining efficiency.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is as follows: the milling cutter for machining external splines and keyways includes a cutter head and a cutting blade disposed at the edge of the cutter head. The cutter head includes a disc body, with inclined surfaces formed at the edges of the upper and lower surfaces of the disc body. An upper milling mechanism is arranged on the inclined surface at the edge of the upper surface of the disc body, and a lower milling mechanism is arranged on the inclined surface at the edge of the lower surface of the disc body. The cutting blades are disposed in both the upper and lower milling mechanisms, and the milling surfaces formed by the cutting blades in the upper and lower milling mechanisms are joined together.

[0006] Preferably, the upper milling mechanism is evenly arranged at the edge of the upper surface of the disc, and the lower milling mechanism is evenly arranged at the edge of the lower surface of the disc.

[0007] Preferably, the number of upper milling mechanisms and lower milling mechanisms are the same and they correspond one-to-one, and the upper milling mechanisms and the corresponding lower milling mechanisms are arranged alternately.

[0008] Preferably, in the upper or lower milling mechanism, the cutting tool includes an inner milling tool and an outer milling tool arranged at intervals.

[0009] Preferably, in the upper or lower milling mechanism, the cutting tool further includes a finishing cutting tool, and the finishing cutting tool and the inner milling cutting tool are located on both sides of the outer milling cutting tool, respectively.

[0010] Preferably, the inner milling insert and the outer milling insert are arranged in a stepped manner, with the outer milling insert located axially outside the inner milling insert.

[0011] Preferably, it is also provided with a tool holder, which is coaxially arranged with the disc body.

[0012] Preferably, a fixed end is coaxially provided on the side of the disc body, and a receiving groove for placing the tool holder is provided at the end of the fixed end.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0014] In the milling cutter for machining external splines and keyways of this application, the cutting inserts on the upper and lower surfaces of the disc body, in conjunction with the inclined surfaces of the upper and lower surfaces of the disc body, can achieve rough machining of the keyway after one axial relative movement with the workpiece during rotation. This avoids the drawback of the prior art, which requires milling at multiple angles to achieve rough machining, and improves machining efficiency.

[0015] By setting finishing inserts in the upper and lower milling mechanisms, the machining accuracy of the keyway roughing step is improved, and the intensity of the subsequent finishing step is reduced. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A isometric drawing of a milling cutter used for machining external spline keyways.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a front view of a milling cutter used for machining external spline keyways.

[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view along line AA.

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Top view.

[0020] Figure 5 for Figure 2 A bottom view.

[0021] Figure 6 for Figure 1Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0022] Figure 7 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of section B in the middle.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the machining process using a milling cutter for machining external splines and keyways.

[0024] The components are: 1. Cutter head; 2. Upper milling mechanism; 3. Lower milling mechanism; 4. Tool holder; 5. Disc body; 6. Fixed end; 7. Internal milling insert; 8. External milling insert; 9. Finishing insert; 10. Workpiece. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Figures 1-8 This is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is described below in conjunction with the appendix. Figures 1-8 The present invention will be further described below.

[0026] like Figures 1-2 As shown, a milling cutter for machining external spline keyways includes a tool holder 4 and a cutter head 1. The tool holder 4 is located on one side of the cutter head 1 and is coaxially fixed with the cutter head 1. In actual machining, the cutter head 1 is rotated by the tool holder 4 to achieve milling.

[0027] Combination Figure 3 The cutter head 1 includes a disc body 5 and a fixed end 6. The disc body 5 and the fixed end 6 are an integral structure. The fixed end 6 is located at one end of the disc body 5 and is coaxially arranged with it. A receiving groove is formed at the center of the end of the fixed end 6 facing away from the disc body 5. The top end of the tool holder 4 is inserted into the receiving groove at the end of the fixed end 6, thereby connecting the tool holder 4 and the cutter head 1. The fixing between the tool holder 4 and the cutter head 1 can be achieved by means known in the art, such as through a spline structure, which will not be elaborated here.

[0028] The edges of both the upper and lower surfaces of the disc 5 are beveled. This symmetrical design of the bevels on the upper and lower surfaces of the disc 5 creates a frustum-shaped structure at each edge, ensuring that the contours of the disc 5's edges match the contours of the external spline keyway. Combined with... Figures 4-5 Several sets of upper milling mechanisms 2 are evenly arranged on the inclined surface of the frustum on the upper surface of the disc 5, and several sets of lower milling mechanisms 3 are evenly arranged on the inclined surface of the frustum on the lower surface of the disc 5.

[0029] The number of upper milling mechanisms 2 on the upper surface of the disk 5 is the same as the number of lower milling mechanisms 3 on the lower surface of the disk 5, and they correspond vertically. Any upper milling mechanism 2 and its corresponding lower milling mechanism 3 are arranged alternately vertically. The specific arrangements of the upper milling mechanisms 2 and the lower milling mechanisms 3 are the same. The milling surfaces formed by the upper milling mechanisms 2 and the lower milling mechanisms 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central plane of the disk 5, and they form a complete cutting surface when connected vertically.

[0030] Further integration Figures 6-7 Taking the milling mechanism 2 as an example, it includes an inner milling insert 7, an outer milling insert 8, and a finishing insert 9 arranged sequentially. The inner milling insert 7 and the outer milling insert 8 are arranged in a stepped manner, with the outer milling insert 8 located outside the corresponding inner milling insert 7 along the axial direction of the disk body 5. On the upper surface of the disk body 5, the circumference of all inner milling inserts 7 in the upper milling mechanism 2 is axially aligned with the circumference of the outer milling insert 8.

[0031] In the lower milling mechanism 3, the circumferences of all the inner milling inserts 7 and the circumferences of all the inner milling inserts 7 in the upper milling mechanism 2 are located on opposite sides of the central plane of the disk body 5.

[0032] The specific working process and working principle are as follows:

[0033] After connecting and fixing the tool holder 4 to the cutter head 1, connect the tool holder 4 to the power end of the milling machine. When the milling machine is working, the tool holder 4 drives the cutter head 1 to rotate and perform milling operations on the pre-fixed workpiece 10. Figure 8 As shown.

[0034] During the rotation of the cutter head 1, it moves along the axial direction of the workpiece 10, forming a keyway structure on the surface of the workpiece 10, and forming key teeth at intervals between adjacent keyways.

[0035] In the actual milling process, the inner milling insert 7, outer milling insert 8, and finishing insert 9 in the upper milling mechanism 2 and the lower milling mechanism 3 contact the workpiece 10 in sequence. The milling surfaces formed by the inner milling insert 7 and the outer milling insert 8 in the upper milling mechanism 2 and the lower milling mechanism 3 are axially connected. With the frustum structure at both ends of the disc body 5, a keyway bottom narrower than the opening can be formed. At the same time, during the axial movement, after the finishing insert 9 contacts the workpiece 10, it performs finishing on the inner wall of the keyway. Therefore, the cutter head 1 achieves the roughing process of one keyway in one axial movement along the workpiece 10. After the workpiece 10 completes the machining of a preset number of keyways, the workpiece 10 is sent to the subsequent process for further processing.

[0036] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this utility model without departing from its technical solution shall still fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A milling cutter for machining external spline keyways, comprising a cutter head (1) and inserts disposed at the edge of the cutter head (1), characterized in that: The cutter head (1) includes a disc body (5), with inclined surfaces formed at the edges of the upper and lower surfaces of the disc body (5). An upper milling mechanism (2) is arranged on the inclined surface at the edge of the upper surface of the disc body (5), and a lower milling mechanism (3) is arranged on the inclined surface at the edge of the lower surface of the disc body (5). The cutter blades are provided in both the upper milling mechanism (2) and the lower milling mechanism (3), and the milling surfaces formed by the cutter blades in the upper milling mechanism (2) and the lower milling mechanism (3) are joined together.

2. The milling cutter for machining external splines and keyways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper milling mechanism (2) is evenly arranged at the edge of the upper surface of the disc (5), and the lower milling mechanism (3) is evenly arranged at the edge of the lower surface of the disc (5).

3. The milling cutter for machining external splines and keyways according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The number of upper milling mechanism (2) and lower milling mechanism (3) is the same and they correspond one-to-one. The upper milling mechanism (2) and the corresponding lower milling mechanism (3) are staggered.

4. The milling cutter for machining external splines and keyways according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the upper milling mechanism (2) or the lower milling mechanism (3), the cutting tool includes an inner milling tool (7) spaced apart and an outer milling tool (8).

5. The milling cutter for machining external splines and keyways according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the upper milling mechanism (2) or the lower milling mechanism (3), the cutting tool also includes a finishing cutting tool (9), and the finishing cutting tool (9) and the inner milling cutting tool (7) are located on both sides of the outer milling cutting tool (8).

6. The milling cutter for machining external splines and keyways according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner milling insert (7) and the outer milling insert (8) are arranged in a stepped manner, with the outer milling insert (8) located axially outside the inner milling insert (7).

7. The milling cutter for machining external splines and keyways according to claim 1, characterized in that: It is also equipped with a tool holder (4), which is coaxially arranged with the disc body (5).

8. The milling cutter for machining external splines and keyways according to claim 7, characterized in that: A fixed end (6) is coaxially provided on the side of the disc body (5), and a receiving groove for placing the tool holder (4) is provided at the end of the fixed end (6).

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