A three-axis movement unit

Abstract

This utility model discloses a three-axis moving unit, including a mounting base, a three-axis module, and a rotary spindle. The rotary spindle is mounted on the three-axis module and is used to clamp and rotate a tool. The three-axis module is mounted on the mounting base and can drive the rotary spindle to perform three-axis movement adjustment. The three-axis module includes a Z-axis module, an X-axis module, and a Y-axis module connected in sequence. A balancing cylinder is added between the Z-axis module and the mounting base. The piston rod contacts the Z-axis base to dynamically counteract the influence of gravity, improve motion stability, and reduce motor load. This three-axis moving unit achieves high precision, high stability, and compact design through optimized design of Z-axis gravity balance, high-precision transmission, and efficient space utilization. It can be widely used in CNC machine tools, laser processing equipment, and other fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, and more specifically to a three-axis motion unit. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of CNC machine tool technology, the three-axis traverse unit is a core component for achieving precise multi-directional positioning of tools or workpieces. Existing three-axis traverse units generally suffer from the following problems: ① Insufficient Z-axis stability: The Z-axis (vertical axis) is significantly affected by gravity during movement, lacking an effective balancing mechanism, which easily leads to decreased motion accuracy, increased motor load, and even affects long-term service life. ② Inefficient spatial layout: In traditional designs, the motor and lead screw are often arranged coaxially or have complex transmission structures, resulting in a large overall size of the equipment and occupying a significant amount of space, limiting the development of compact equipment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a compact and stable three-axis traverse unit. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a three-axis motion unit. Through optimized design of Z-axis gravity balance, high-precision transmission, and efficient space utilization, the three-axis motion unit achieves high precision, high stability, and compact design, and can be widely used in CNC machine tools, laser processing equipment, and other fields.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A three-axis moving unit includes a mounting base, a three-axis module, and a rotary spindle. The rotary spindle is mounted on the three-axis module and is used to clamp and rotate a tool. The three-axis module is mounted on the mounting base and can drive the rotary spindle to perform three-axis movement adjustment.

[0006] The three-axis module includes a Z-axis module, an X-axis module, and a Y-axis module connected in sequence. The Z-axis module includes a Z-axis base, a Z-axis motor, a Z-axis lead screw, and a Z-axis threaded sleeve. The Z-axis base is vertically slidably connected to a mounting base. The Z-axis motor is mounted on the mounting base. The Z-axis lead screw is rotatably connected to the mounting base and connected to the spindle of the Z-axis motor. The Z-axis threaded sleeve is mounted on the Z-axis base and threadedly connected to the Z-axis lead screw. A balancing assembly is provided between the Z-axis base and the mounting base. The balancing assembly includes a balancing cylinder, which is mounted on the mounting base and arranged vertically, with the piston rod of the balancing cylinder in contact with the bottom of the Z-axis base.

[0007] Furthermore, the mounting base is provided with a plurality of Z-axis sliders, and the Z-axis base is provided with a plurality of Z-axis slide rails, and the Z-axis sliders and Z-axis slide rails are slidably connected in cooperation.

[0008] Furthermore, the X-axis module includes an X-axis base, an X-axis motor, an X-axis lead screw, and an X-axis threaded sleeve. The X-axis base is vertically slidably connected to the Z-axis base. The X-axis motor is mounted on the Z-axis base. The X-axis lead screw is rotatably connected to the Z-axis base and is connected to the main shaft of the X-axis motor. The X-axis threaded sleeve is mounted on the X-axis base and threadedly connected to the X-axis lead screw.

[0009] Furthermore, the Z-axis base is provided with several X-axis slide rails, and the X-axis base is provided with several X-axis sliders, the X-axis sliders being slidably connected to the X-axis slide rails.

[0010] Furthermore, the Y-axis module includes a Y-axis base, a Y-axis motor, a Y-axis lead screw, and a Y-axis threaded sleeve. The Y-axis base is vertically slidably connected to the X-axis base. The Y-axis motor is mounted on the X-axis base. The Y-axis lead screw is rotatably connected to the X-axis base and is connected to the main shaft of the Y-axis motor. The Y-axis threaded sleeve is mounted on the Y-axis base and threadedly connected to the Y-axis lead screw.

[0011] Furthermore, the Y-axis base is provided with several Y-axis slide rails, and the X-axis base is provided with several Y-axis sliders, the Y-axis sliders being slidably connected to the Y-axis slide rails.

[0012] Furthermore, the Z-axis motor and Z-axis lead screw, the X-axis motor and X-axis lead screw, and the Y-axis motor and Y-axis lead screw are all arranged side by side in parallel, and all of them are connected by a synchronous belt structure.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0014] 1. Z-axis gravity balance optimization: A balance cylinder is added between the Z-axis base and the mounting base. Its piston rod contacts the bottom of the Z-axis base, which can dynamically counteract the gravity effect when the Z-axis moves, improve motion stability and accuracy, and reduce motor load and energy consumption.

[0015] 2. High-efficiency space utilization: By arranging the Z-axis, X-axis, and Y-axis motors and corresponding lead screws in parallel and using a synchronous belt drive structure, the space layout is greatly optimized, the overall size of the equipment is reduced, and it is suitable for compact CNC equipment.

[0016] 3. High-precision transmission design: Each axis module adopts a sliding connection method of slide rail and slider (such as Z-axis slide rail and Z-axis slider, X / Y axis slide rail and corresponding slider), combined with the lead screw-threaded sleeve transmission mechanism to ensure the accuracy of movement and repeatability of each axis.

[0017] 4. Reliability of synchronous belt drive: The motor and the lead screw are connected by the driving pulley, the driven pulley and the synchronous belt, which has high transmission efficiency and smooth operation, while reducing the vibration and error that may be introduced by traditional couplings. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort, wherein:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-axis machining center;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a hidden cabin structure for a multi-axis machining center. Figure 1 ;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a hidden cabin structure for a multi-axis machining center. Figure 2 ;

[0022] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of a machine tool rotary table Figure 1 ;

[0023] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of a machine tool rotary table Figure 2 ;

[0024] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a machine tool rotary table that conceals the fixed base and drive motor Figure 1 ;

[0025] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a machine tool rotary table that conceals the fixed base and drive motor Figure 2 ;

[0026] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a three-axis moving unit Figure 1 ;

[0027] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of a three-axis moving unit Figure 2 ;

[0028] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of a three-axis moving unit Figure 3 ;

[0029] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Sectional view of AA;

[0030] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the X-axis module and Y-axis module Figure 1 ;

[0031] Figure 13Schematic diagram of the X-axis module and Y-axis module Figure 2 ;

[0032] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the combined tool magazine Figure 1 ;

[0033] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the combined tool magazine Figure 2 ;

[0034] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the combined tool magazine Figure 3 ;

[0035] Figure 17 for Figure 16 Sectional view of BB;

[0036] Figure 18 A cross-sectional view of the tilt angle adjustment component;

[0037] Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the combined tool magazine Figure 4 ;

[0038] Figure 20 Schematic diagram of the combined tool magazine Figure 5 ;

[0039] Figure 21 Schematic diagram of the combined tool magazine Figure 6 .

[0040] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1. Machine compartment; 2. Base; 3. Machine tool rotary table; 301. Fixed base; 302. Work platform; 3021. Receiving cavity; 303. Rotary table; 3031. Mounting cavity; 3032. Positioning and fixing component; 304. Linear motor; 305. Rotary drive assembly; 3051. Rotary table motor; 3052. Rotary sleeve; 3053. Sliding axis; 306. Drive motor; 4. Combination tool. 401. Tool magazine base; 402. Adjusting base; 4021. Threaded hole; 403. Tool head holder; 404. Tool head protective cover; 4041. Tool edge; 405. Tool gripper; 406. Lifting motor; 407. Tool head rotation motor; 408. Through hole; 409. Mounting bolt; 410. Expansion sleeve; 4101. Concave spherical surface; 411. Spherical washer; 4111. Convex spherical surface; 412. Tool magazine slide rail; 4 13. Tool magazine slider; 414. Lifting base; 415. Lifting screw; 416. Threaded sleeve; 417. Connecting plate; 5. Three-axis moving unit; 501. Mounting base; 502. Z-axis module; 5021. Z-axis base; 5022. Z-axis motor; 5023. Z-axis screw; 5024. Z-axis threaded sleeve; 5025. Z-axis slide rail; 5026. Z-axis slider; 503. X-axis module; 5031. X-axis base 5032, X-axis motor; 5033, X-axis slide rail; 5034, X-axis slider; 5035, X-axis lead screw; 5036, X-axis threaded sleeve; 504, Y-axis module; 5041, Y-axis base; 5042, Y-axis slide rail; 5043, Y-axis slider; 5044, Y-axis motor; 505, rotary spindle; 506, balance cylinder; 507, drive pulley; 508, synchronous belt; 509, driven pulley. Detailed Implementation

[0041] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the directional terms such as "center", "horizontal (X)", "longitudinal (Y)", "vertical (Z)", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", and "counterclockwise" indicate the orientation and positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. They should not be construed as limiting the specific protection scope of this utility model.

[0042] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features. Thus, the use of "first" and "second" to define a feature may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "several" or "a number" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0043] A multi-axis machining center, such as Figure 1-3 As shown, it includes:

[0044] Cabin 1, which is fixed on base 2, and three combined tool magazines 4 and three three-axis moving units 5 are all located inside the cabin 1;

[0045] The base 2, three three-axis moving units 5 and three combined tool magazines 4 are all mounted on the base 2;

[0046] Three combined tool magazines 4 are located above three three-axis moving units 5, and are installed on the machine compartment 1. Each combined tool magazine 4 contains a number of tools.

[0047] Three three-axis moving units 5 are respectively installed on the front, left and right sides of the machine tool rotary table 3. Each three-axis moving unit 5 includes a mounting base 501, a three-axis module and a rotary spindle 505. The rotary spindle 505 is mounted on the three-axis module, which is mounted on the mounting base 501. The three-axis module can drive the rotary spindle 505 to perform three-axis moving adjustment.

[0048] Machine tool rotary table 3, such as Figure 4-7 As shown, it includes a fixed base 301, a working platform 302, and a rotating platform 303. The working platform 302 is horizontally slidably connected to the fixed base 301, and a transverse movement module is provided between them. The rotating platform 303 is inclined and rotatably connected to the working platform 302. The rotating platform 303 is connected to a rotation drive assembly 305, which can drive the rotating platform 303 to rotate at an inclination. The working platform 302 is provided with a receiving cavity 3021, and the rotating platform 303 is provided with a plurality of mounting cavities 3031. A zero-point clamping system for clamping zero-point fixtures is provided in the mounting cavities 3031. The mounting cavities 3031 are connected to the receiving cavity 3021. An electric spindle 306 that can drive the zero-point clamping system to rotate is provided in the receiving cavity 3021. The electric spindle 306 can extend into the mounting cavity 3031 and connect to the zero-point fixture.

[0049] Preferably, the fixed base 301 is provided with a plurality of fixed slide rails, and the working platform 302 is provided with a plurality of movable sliders. The movable sliders cooperate with the fixed slide rails, so that the working platform 302 and the fixed base 301 are horizontally slidably connected and slide precisely.

[0050] Preferred, such as Figure 6-7 As shown, the transverse module includes a linear motor 304, which is mounted on a fixed base 301, and the drive end of the linear motor 304 is connected to the working platform 302.

[0051] Preferred, such as Figure 6-7 As shown, the rotary drive assembly 305 includes a turntable rotary motor 3051, a rotating sleeve 3052, a sliding shaft 3053, a bevel gear ring, and a bevel gear. The turntable rotary motor 3051 is mounted on a fixed base 301. The rotating sleeve 3052 is connected to the main shaft of the turntable rotary motor 3051. The bevel gear ring is mounted on the turntable 303. One end of the sliding shaft 3053 extends into the rotating sleeve 3052 and is circumferentially fixedly connected to the rotating sleeve 3052 and axially slidably connected. The other end of the sliding shaft 3053 is circumferentially rotatably connected to the working base 302 and axially fixedly connected, and connected to the bevel gear. The bevel gear meshes with the bevel gear ring.

[0052] Preferably, a key is fixed inside one end of the rotating sleeve 3052 connected to the sliding shaft 3053, and a sliding keyway is provided at one end of the sliding shaft 3053 connected to the rotating sleeve 3052, and the key extends into the sliding keyway for mating connection;

[0053] Specifically, when the transverse module moves the working platform 302 relative to the fixed base 301, the sliding shaft 3053 moves axially within the rotating sleeve 3052, thereby causing the key to move within the sliding keyway, thus achieving a circumferential fixed connection and an axial sliding connection between the sliding shaft 3053 and the rotating sleeve 3052.

[0054] Preferably, the zero-point clamping system can adopt a hydraulic gripper structure 3032. The hydraulic gripper structure 3032 is installed on the cavity wall and connected to the hydraulic pump. When opened, the starting gripper structure can be ejected and cooperate with the zero-point clamp installed in the mounting cavity 3031 to achieve positioning and fixation.

[0055] Preferably, the rotary table 303 has two mounting cavities 3031, which are distributed opposite to each other.

[0056] Working process and principle of the machine tool rotary table 3:

[0057] In use, the work base 302 is first moved forward by the transverse module, so that the connecting piece connected to the electric spindle 306 extends out of the mounting cavity 3031.

[0058] Then the rotary table motor 3051 starts, sequentially driving the rotating sleeve 3052, the sliding shaft 3053 and the bevel gear ring to rotate, which in turn drives the bevel gear ring to rotate, and then drives the rotary table 303 to rotate, so that one of the mounting cavities 3031 rotates to the top (from facing forward to facing upward). Then the zero-point fixture with the product mounted can be placed into the mounting cavity 3031 by the robotic arm. Then the zero-point clamping system limits and fixes the zero-point fixture.

[0059] Finally, the rotary table motor 3051 is started again, driving the rotary table 303 to rotate, so that the mounting cavity 3031 with the zero-point fixture is rotated to the front. Then the transverse module is started again, driving the working base to move (towards), so that the electric spindle 306 extends into the mounting cavity 3031 and connects with the zero-point fixture. Finally, the zero-point clamping system releases the zero-point fixture, and the loading and installation of the zero-point fixture is completed.

[0060] The machine tool rotary table 3 of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0061] ① Space optimization design: By tilting the rotary table 303 and rotating it to connect it with the work base 302, the overall size of the equipment is significantly reduced, saving machine tool layout space, while not affecting the realization of functions. It is especially suitable for the processing environment of compact CNC machine tools.

[0062] ② High precision and stability: The transverse module uses a linear motor 304 to drive the working platform 302. Combined with the fixed slide rail of the fixed base 301 and the moving slider of the working platform 302, the horizontal sliding high-precision positioning of the working platform 302 is achieved, ensuring the stability of movement and repeatability of positioning during the processing.

[0063] ③ High-efficiency rotary drive: The rotary drive assembly 305, through the meshing transmission of the bevel gear ring and bevel gear, and the circumferential fixed and axial sliding connection of the sliding shaft 3053 and the rotating sleeve 3052, can automatically adapt to axial displacement when the working base 302 moves, while maintaining the stability of the rotary power transmission, thus improving the reliability and efficiency of the tilting rotation of the rotary table 303.

[0064] ④ Modular and convenient operation: Two relatively distributed mounting cavities 3031 are set on the rotary table 303, which allow for alternating loading and processing of zero-point fixtures. With the electric spindle 306 in the receiving cavity 3021, the zero-point fixtures can be quickly docked and separated, reducing downtime and improving multi-task processing efficiency.

[0065] ⑤ Precise positioning and fixation: The zero-point clamping system (such as the hydraulic gripper structure 3032) on the cavity wall of the mounting cavity 3031 can quickly clamp and release the zero-point fixture, ensuring the positional stability of the zero-point fixture during rotation and processing, and reducing processing errors caused by vibration or displacement.

[0066] ⑥ Advantages of automation integration: Through the coordinated control of the transverse module and the rotary drive component 305, the entire process of zero-point fixture loading, positioning and processing is automated, reducing the need for manual intervention and significantly improving production efficiency and equipment intelligence.

[0067] ⑦ Compact structure and strong functional expandability: The connection design between the mounting cavity 3031 and the receiving cavity 3021 simplifies the connection path between the electric spindle 306 and the zero-point fixture, which facilitates later maintenance or expansion of functional modules and adapts to diverse processing needs.

[0068] This invention solves the problems of large space occupation, low positioning accuracy, and insufficient operation efficiency of traditional machine tool rotary tables through innovative structural design and drive scheme. It has the advantages of compactness, high precision, high efficiency and automation, and is suitable for high-precision CNC machining.

[0069] Preferred, such as Figure 8-11 As shown, the three-axis module includes a Z-axis module 502, an X-axis module 503, and a Y-axis module 504 connected in sequence. The Z-axis module 502 includes a Z-axis base 5021, a Z-axis motor 5022, a Z-axis lead screw 5023, and a Z-axis threaded sleeve 5024. The Z-axis base 5021 is vertically slidably connected to the mounting base 501. The Z-axis motor 5022 is mounted on the mounting base 501, and the Z-axis lead screw 5023 is rotatably connected to the mounting base 501. Furthermore, the Z-axis lead screw 5023 is connected to the spindle of the Z-axis motor 5022, and the Z-axis threaded sleeve 5024 is installed on the Z-axis base 5021 and threadedly connected to the Z-axis lead screw 5023. The Z-axis base 5021 is provided with a balancing assembly between the mounting base 501 and the mounting base 501. The balancing assembly includes a balancing cylinder 506, which is installed on the mounting base 501 and arranged vertically, and the piston rod of the balancing cylinder 506 is in contact with the bottom of the Z-axis base 5021.

[0070] Preferred, such as Figure 8-9 As shown, the mounting base 501 is provided with a plurality of Z-axis sliders 5026, and the Z-axis base 5021 is provided with a plurality of Z-axis slide rails 5025. The Z-axis sliders 5026 and the Z-axis slide rails 5025 are slidably connected, thereby making the movement of the Z-axis base 5021 more precise.

[0071] Preferred, such as Figure 12-13As shown, the X-axis module 503 includes an X-axis base 5031, an X-axis motor 5032, an X-axis lead screw 5035, and an X-axis threaded sleeve 5036. The X-axis base 5031 is vertically slidably connected to the Z-axis base 5021. The X-axis motor 5032 is mounted on the Z-axis base 5021. The X-axis lead screw 5035 is rotatably connected to the Z-axis base 5021 and is connected to the spindle of the X-axis motor 5032. The X-axis threaded sleeve 5036 is mounted on the X-axis base 5031 and threadedly connected to the X-axis lead screw 5035.

[0072] Preferably, the Z-axis base 5021 is provided with a plurality of X-axis slide rails 5033, and the X-axis base 5031 is provided with a plurality of X-axis sliders 5034. The X-axis sliders 5034 are slidably connected with the X-axis slide rails 5033, thereby making the movement of the X-axis base 5031 more precise.

[0073] Preferred, such as Figure 12-13 As shown, the Y-axis module 504 includes a Y-axis base 5041, a Y-axis motor 5044, a Y-axis lead screw, and a Y-axis threaded sleeve. The Y-axis base 5041 is vertically slidably connected to the X-axis base 5031. The Y-axis motor 5044 is mounted on the X-axis base 5031. The Y-axis lead screw is rotatably connected to the X-axis base 5031 and is connected to the spindle of the Y-axis motor 5044. The Y-axis threaded sleeve is mounted on the Y-axis base 5041 and threadedly connected to the Y-axis lead screw.

[0074] Preferably, the Y-axis base 5041 is provided with a plurality of Y-axis slide rails 5042, and the X-axis base 5031 is provided with a plurality of Y-axis sliders 5043. The Y-axis sliders 5043 are slidably connected with the Y-axis slide rails 5042, thereby making the movement of the Y-axis base 5041 more precise.

[0075] Preferably, the Z-axis motor 5022 and Z-axis lead screw 5023, the X-axis motor 5032 and X-axis lead screw 5035, and the Y-axis motor 5044 and Y-axis lead screw are all arranged in parallel side by side, and all of them are connected by a synchronous belt structure.

[0076] Preferred, such as Figure 9-13 As shown, the synchronous belt structure includes a driving pulley 507, a driven pulley 509, and a synchronous belt 508. The driving pulley 507 is mounted on the main shaft of the motor, the driven pulley 509 is mounted on the lead screw, and the synchronous belt 508 is mounted on the driving pulley 507 and the driven pulley 509.

[0077] Specifically, by arranging the motor and lead screw side by side in parallel, the overall space occupied can be effectively reduced, and the spatial layout can be optimized.

[0078] The three-axis moving unit 5 in this invention has the following advantages:

[0079] ①Z-axis gravity balance optimization: A balance cylinder 506 is added between the Z-axis base 5021 and the mounting base 501. Its piston rod contacts the bottom of the Z-axis base 5021, which can dynamically counteract the gravity effect when the Z-axis moves, improve motion stability and accuracy, and reduce motor load and energy consumption.

[0080] ② High-efficiency space utilization: By arranging the Z-axis, X-axis, and Y-axis motors and corresponding lead screws in parallel and using a synchronous belt drive structure, the space layout is greatly optimized, the overall size of the equipment is reduced, and it is suitable for compact CNC equipment.

[0081] ③ High-precision transmission design: Each axis module adopts a sliding connection method of slide rail and slider (such as Z-axis slide rail 5025 and Z-axis slider 5026, X / Y axis slide rail and corresponding slider), combined with the screw-threaded sleeve transmission mechanism to ensure the accuracy of movement and repeatability of each axis.

[0082] ④ Reliability of synchronous belt drive: The motor and the lead screw are connected by the driving pulley 507, the driven pulley 509 and the synchronous belt 508, which has high transmission efficiency and smooth operation, while reducing the vibration and error that may be introduced by traditional couplings.

[0083] Through the above-mentioned technical improvements, this invention achieves a high-precision, high-stability, and compact design for the three-axis moving unit 5, which can be widely used in CNC machine tools, laser processing equipment, and other fields, and has significant practical value and market competitiveness.

[0084] Preferred, such as Figure 14-21 As shown, the combined tool magazine 4 includes a tool magazine base 401, an adjusting base 402, a lifting seat 414, and a rotating tool disc. The lifting seat 414 is mounted on the tool magazine base 401 and is vertically slidably connected to the tool magazine base 401. A lifting module is provided on the tool magazine base 401 and is connected to the lifting seat 414 for driving the lifting seat 414 to rise and fall. The rotating tool disc is mounted on the lifting seat 414. The adjusting base 402 is located at the top of the tool magazine base 401, and a tilt angle adjustment component is provided between the adjusting base 402 and the tool magazine base 401.

[0085] Preferred, such as Figure 16-18As shown, the tilt angle adjustment assembly includes several sets of adjustment components. The adjustment base 402 is provided with several threaded holes 4021, and the top of the tool magazine base 401 is provided with several through holes 408. The adjustment components include an expansion sleeve 410, a mounting bolt 409, and a spherical washer 411. The two ends of the spherical washer 411 are respectively provided with a flat surface and a convex spherical surface 4111. One end of the expansion sleeve 410 is provided with a concave spherical surface 4101. The spherical washer 411 and the expansion sleeve 410 are sequentially inserted into the through holes 408, and the flat surface of the spherical washer 411 contacts the adjustment base 402, and the convex spherical surface 4111 of the spherical washer 411 contacts the concave spherical surface 4101 of the expansion sleeve 410. The mounting bolt 409 passes through the expansion sleeve 410 and the spherical washer 411 and extends into the threaded hole 4021 of the adjustment base 402.

[0086] Preferably, the adjusting component is provided in three sets, the top of the tool magazine base 401 is provided with three through holes 408, and the adjusting base 402 is provided with three threaded holes 4021. The three through holes 408 and the three threaded holes 4021 are all distributed in a triangular shape.

[0087] Specifically, three sets of adjusting components are arranged in a triangular pattern between the adjusting base 402 and the tool magazine base 401 to enhance stability. The adjusting components include a spherical washer 411 and an expansion sleeve 410. These are screwed into the threaded hole 4021 of the adjusting base 402 by mounting bolts 409. The engagement of the convex spherical surface 4111 and the concave spherical surface 4101 allows for multi-angle fine-tuning. After loosening the bolts, the adjusting base 402 can tilt around the spherical contact point. Once locked, it is fixed by the radial expansion force of the expansion sleeve 410, ensuring rigidity after adjustment.

[0088] Preferred, such as Figure 19 As shown, the tool magazine base 401 is provided with several vertically arranged tool magazine slide rails 412, and the lifting seat 414 is connected to several tool magazine sliders 413. The several tool magazine sliders 413 cooperate with the several tool magazine slide rails 412 respectively, so that the lifting seat 414 and the tool magazine base 401 are vertically slidably connected to achieve precise vertical lifting.

[0089] Preferred, such as Figure 20-21 As shown, the lifting module includes a lifting motor 406, a lifting screw 415, a connecting plate 417, and a threaded sleeve 416. The lifting motor 406 is mounted on the tool magazine base 401. The lifting screw 415 rotates on the tool magazine base 401 and is connected at one end to the main shaft of the lifting motor 406. The connecting plate 417 connects the threaded sleeve 416 and the lifting seat 414 respectively. The threaded sleeve 416 is fitted onto the lifting screw 415 for threaded connection.

[0090] Specifically, the tool magazine base 401 is equipped with a vertical tool magazine slide rail 412. The lifting seat 414 cooperates with the tool magazine slide rail 412 through the tool magazine slider 413 to achieve stable vertical sliding. The lifting module is driven by the lifting motor 406 to rotate the lifting screw 415, which drives the threaded sleeve 416 and the connecting plate 417 to move, thereby driving the lifting seat 414 to rise and fall, thus accurately controlling the lifting accuracy of the lifting seat 414 and ensuring the adjustability and positioning accuracy of the tool position.

[0091] Preferably, the lifting motor 406 and the lifting screw 415 are directly connected by a synchronous belt structure for transmission.

[0092] Preferred, such as Figure 19 As shown, the rotating cutter head includes a cutter head rotating motor 407, a cutter head base 403, and a plurality of tool grippers 405. The cutter head base 403 is rotatably mounted on a lifting base 414, the cutter head rotating motor 407 is mounted on the lifting base 414, and the main shaft of the cutter head rotating motor 407 is connected to the cutter head base 403. The plurality of tool grippers 405 are arranged in a circular array on the cutter head base 403.

[0093] Preferred, such as Figure 14 As shown, a cutter head protective cover 404 is provided on the outer side of the cutter head seat 403. The cutter head protective cover 404 is fixed to the lifting seat 414 and is provided with a plurality of cutter mouths 4041, and the plurality of cutter mouths 4041 correspond to a plurality of cutter jaws 405 respectively.

[0094] Specifically, the rotary motor 407 drives the cutter head holder 403 and the circular array of tool grippers 405 to achieve rapid tool changing; the cutter head protective cover 404 is fixed to the lifting seat 414, and its tool opening 4041 corresponds one-to-one with the grippers, which not only protects the tool from external impact, but also prevents machining debris from entering, thus improving safety and durability.

[0095] The combined tool magazine 4 in this invention has the following advantages:

[0096] ① High-precision adjustment and stability: The tilt angle adjustment component uses three sets of triangularly distributed adjustment parts, combined with the cooperation of the spherical washer 411 and the expansion sleeve 410, which can realize multi-dimensional angle fine adjustment. After adjustment, the expansion sleeve 410 is locked to ensure rigidity and prevent loosening, which significantly improves the installation accuracy.

[0097] ② Precise lifting and space optimization: The combination design of tool magazine slide rail 412 and lifting screw 415 ensures smooth operation of lifting seat 414 and precise lifting accuracy, enabling precise tool changing; the rotating tool disc adopts a ring layout, which, together with the lifting function, saves equipment space to the maximum extent.

[0098] ③ Efficient tool changing and safety protection: The tool turret rotary motor 407 drives the tool turret to quickly switch tools, shortening the tool changing time; the integrated design of the tool turret protective cover 404 and the special tool port 4041 not only improves the tool changing efficiency, but also protects the rotating tool turret and the internal tools, ensuring the safety of the tools.

[0099] Overall advantages:

[0100] 1. Significantly Enhanced Multi-Axis Collaborative Machining Capability: Through the collaborative control of three three-axis motion units 5 (distributed on the front, left, and right sides of the rotary table 3), combined with the tilting and rotation function of the machine tool's rotary table 3, multi-angle and multi-directional synchronous machining can be achieved. The Z-axis balancing cylinder 506 design of the three-axis motion unit 5 effectively counteracts the effects of gravity. Combined with a high-precision lead screw-slide rail transmission system, it greatly improves machining stability and positioning accuracy, making it particularly suitable for the efficient machining of complex curved surface parts.

[0101] 2. Space Utilization and Equipment Compactness Optimization: The integrated design of the machine compartment 1 centrally arranges the three combined tool magazines 4 and the three-axis movement unit 5 on the base 2, reducing the equipment's footprint. The tilted arrangement of the rotary table 3 and the linear motor 304 drive scheme of the transverse module further compress the equipment size, making it suitable for compact production environments while maintaining functional integrity.

[0102] 3. High-efficiency automation and rapid tool change system: The combined tool magazine 4 adopts a modular design, equipped with an adjustable tilting angle rotary tool head and lifting module. Multi-dimensional angle fine adjustment is achieved through triangularly distributed adjustment components to ensure precise tool positioning. The coordinated design of the tool head protective cover 404 and the ring array tool gripper 405 enables tool changes in seconds, significantly reducing downtime and improving production efficiency.

[0103] 4. Enhanced High-Precision Transmission and Stability: In the three-axis moving unit 5, the Z / X / Y axis motors and lead screws adopt a synchronous belt transmission structure, reducing vibration and transmission errors. The bevel gear-bevel gear ring meshing transmission of the rotary drive assembly 305 and the keyway fit design of the sliding shaft 3053 ensure the stability of power transmission and the adaptability of axial displacement. The slide rail-slider fit structure of the fixed base 301 and the working base 302 further ensures the repeatability of horizontal positioning.

[0104] 5. Intelligent and flexible production compatibility: The dual mounting cavity 3031 design of the machine tool rotary table 3 supports alternating loading and processing of zero-point fixtures. Combined with the quick docking function of the electric spindle 306, it realizes fully automated loading and unloading. The zero-point clamping system can be adapted to various zero-point fixture specifications to meet the flexible production needs of small batches and multiple varieties.

[0105] 6. Ease of maintenance and expandability: The interconnected design of the mounting cavity 3031 and the receiving cavity 3021 simplifies the connection path between the electric spindle 306 and the zero-point fixture, facilitating maintenance and functional module replacement. The adjustment base 402 and the tool magazine base 401 of the combined tool magazine 4 adopt a split structure, supporting quick disassembly and upgrades to adapt to future process expansion needs.

[0106] This invention solves the problems of traditional multi-axis machine tools, such as large size, low tool changing efficiency, and insufficient flexibility, through technological breakthroughs in multi-axis collaboration, compact layout, high-precision transmission, and intelligent control. It combines high precision, high efficiency, high stability, and strong scalability, and can be widely used in the processing of complex parts in aerospace, automotive molds, precision electronics, and other fields.

[0107] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-axis motion unit, characterized in that: It includes a mounting base, a three-axis module, and a rotary spindle. The rotary spindle is mounted on the three-axis module and is used to clamp and rotate the tool. The three-axis module is mounted on the mounting base and can drive the rotary spindle to perform three-axis movement adjustment. The three-axis module includes a Z-axis module, an X-axis module, and a Y-axis module connected in sequence. The Z-axis module includes a Z-axis base, a Z-axis motor, a Z-axis lead screw, and a Z-axis threaded sleeve. The Z-axis base is vertically slidably connected to a mounting base. The Z-axis motor is mounted on the mounting base. The Z-axis lead screw is rotatably connected to the mounting base and connected to the spindle of the Z-axis motor. The Z-axis threaded sleeve is mounted on the Z-axis base and threadedly connected to the Z-axis lead screw. A balancing assembly is provided between the Z-axis base and the mounting base. The balancing assembly includes a balancing cylinder, which is mounted on the mounting base and arranged vertically, with the piston rod of the balancing cylinder in contact with the bottom of the Z-axis base.

2. The three-axis moving unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting base is provided with a plurality of Z-axis sliders, and the Z-axis base is provided with a plurality of Z-axis slide rails. The Z-axis sliders and Z-axis slide rails are slidably connected.

3. A three-axis moving unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The X-axis module includes an X-axis base, an X-axis motor, an X-axis lead screw, and an X-axis threaded sleeve. The X-axis base is vertically slidably connected to the Z-axis base. The X-axis motor is mounted on the Z-axis base. The X-axis lead screw is rotatably connected to the Z-axis base and is connected to the main shaft of the X-axis motor. The X-axis threaded sleeve is mounted on the X-axis base and threadedly connected to the X-axis lead screw.

4. A three-axis moving unit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The Z-axis base is provided with several X-axis slide rails, and the X-axis base is provided with several X-axis sliders, which are slidably connected to the X-axis slide rails.

5. A three-axis moving unit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The Y-axis module includes a Y-axis base, a Y-axis motor, a Y-axis lead screw, and a Y-axis threaded sleeve. The Y-axis base is vertically slidably connected to the X-axis base. The Y-axis motor is mounted on the X-axis base. The Y-axis lead screw is rotatably connected to the X-axis base and is connected to the main shaft of the Y-axis motor. The Y-axis threaded sleeve is mounted on the Y-axis base and threadedly connected to the Y-axis lead screw.

6. A three-axis moving unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The Y-axis base is provided with several Y-axis slide rails, and the X-axis base is provided with several Y-axis sliders. The Y-axis sliders are slidably connected to the Y-axis slide rails.

7. A three-axis moving unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The Z-axis motor and Z-axis lead screw, the X-axis motor and X-axis lead screw, and the Y-axis motor and Y-axis lead screw are all arranged side by side in parallel, and all of them are connected by a synchronous belt structure.

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