Lithium extraction system and salt lake water treatment system

Abstract

This utility model discloses a lithium extraction system and a salt lake water treatment system. The lithium extraction system includes: a lithium extraction device with a lithium extraction element and a first chamber and a second chamber separated by the lithium extraction element; a raw liquid conveying pipeline for conveying lithium-containing raw liquid; the raw liquid conveying pipeline is connected to the first chamber; a residual liquid conveying pipeline for conveying the residual liquid obtained after the lithium extraction element processes the raw liquid; the residual liquid conveying pipeline is connected to the second chamber; an extract liquid conveying pipeline for conveying the extract liquid containing lithium ions retained by the lithium extraction element; and a recovery liquid conveying pipeline for conveying the recovery liquid obtained after the extract liquid processes the lithium extraction element; the extract liquid conveying pipeline is connected to the first chamber, and the recovery liquid conveying pipeline is connected to the second chamber; or the extract liquid conveying pipeline is connected to the second chamber, and the recovery liquid conveying pipeline is connected to the first chamber. This utility model simultaneously possesses switchable lithium ion extraction and elution functions, facilitating more efficient lithium carbonate production processes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of lithium extraction, and more specifically, to a lithium extraction system and a salt lake water treatment system. Background Technology

[0002] In existing lithium carbonate production processes, lithium loss occurs at many stages, such as in impurity removal and lithium precipitation, where lithium ions are not fully recovered. Increasing the number of cleaning cycles leads to a significant increase in energy consumption; therefore, companies generally do not recycle trace amounts of lithium, resulting in low lithium resource recovery. Furthermore, existing lithium carbonate production processes typically involve two lithium precipitation operations. The first precipitation yields battery-grade lithium carbonate, accounting for 75-85% of the input lithium resources. However, the second precipitation, due to its lower quality compared to battery-grade lithium carbonate, is only suitable for industrial-grade products, with a much lower value.

[0003] To increase lithium carbonate production, high-lithium salt lake water or lithium ore are currently used as raw materials. In particular, due to the phenomenon of "lithium runoff" and energy consumption limitations, there is currently no way to extract lithium from industrial wastes with low lithium content, such as smelting slag, at low cost and with high recovery rate. Utility Model Content

[0004] The main purpose of this utility model is to provide lithium extraction elements, lithium extraction devices, lithium extraction systems, salt lake water treatment systems, and lithium-containing smelting slag treatment systems to solve the technical problem of the difficulty in recovering trace amounts of lithium in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model first provides a lithium extraction element, the technical solution of which is as follows:

[0006] A lithium extraction element includes: an active layer formed by stacking selective lithium extraction material particles; a protective mesh having pores with a diameter smaller than that of the selective lithium extraction material particles; the protective mesh being disposed on the water-facing side and the backwater side of the active layer; and a protective plate having water-permeable holes; the protective plate being disposed on the outer side of the water-facing protective mesh and the backwater protective mesh.

[0007] In the lithium extraction element of this invention, selective lithium extraction material particles in the active layer selectively adsorb lithium ions in the solution. Even at low lithium ion concentrations, lithium ion extraction can be achieved through specific adsorption. For larger solutions, lithium ion enrichment can also be achieved, increasing the processing volume of subsequent lithium precipitation processes. The pores of the protective mesh not only effectively prevent the loss of selective lithium extraction material particles but also act as a water distributor, ensuring uniform contact between the particles and the solution. The support of the protective plate facilitates installation and improves the pressure resistance of the lithium extraction element, extending its service life.

[0008] As a further improvement to the above-mentioned lithium extraction element, the cross-sectional shape of the lithium extraction element is circular or polygonal.

[0009] As a further improvement to the above-mentioned lithium extraction element: the particle size of the selective lithium extraction material particles is 5-5000 μm, and the thickness of the active layer is 5-50 mm.

[0010] As a further improvement to the aforementioned lithium extraction element: the protective mesh is a metal mesh with an average pore size of 1–100 μm and a thickness of 0.5–3 mm.

[0011] As a further improvement to the above-mentioned lithium extraction element: the active layer is N layers, the protective mesh is N+1 layers, and N≥2.

[0012] As a further improvement to the above-mentioned lithium extraction element: the outer edge of the protective mesh extends beyond the outer edge of the active layer, and an annular isolation layer adapted to the cross-sectional shape is provided between the outer edges of adjacent protective meshes, and the active layer is disposed within the annular isolation layer.

[0013] As a further improvement to the aforementioned lithium extraction element: the outer edge of the protective mesh is welded, bonded, or pressed to the annular isolation layer.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above-mentioned lithium extraction element: the thickness of the protective plate is 5-10 mm, the diameter of the water-permeable hole is 1-20 mm, and the hole edge distance is 1.5-6 mm.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model further provides two lithium extraction devices that preferably employ the aforementioned lithium extraction element, as follows:

[0016] The first lithium extraction device includes a liquid inlet structure and a liquid outlet structure, and further comprises: a lithium extraction element having an active layer formed by the deposition of selective lithium extraction material particles; a support cylinder having an annular protrusion, a first support platform located inside the annular protrusion, and a second support platform located outside the annular protrusion; the lithium extraction element being detachably mounted on the first support platform; the liquid outlet structure being located on the backwater side of the lithium extraction element and connected to the support cylinder; a feed cylinder having its lower end detachably mounted on the second support platform, the liquid inlet structure being located on the water-facing side of the lithium extraction element and connected to the feed cylinder; and a pressurization structure including an air inlet pipe connected to the feed cylinder.

[0017] In addition to possessing the advantages of the aforementioned lithium extraction elements, the lithium extraction device of this invention allows for easy assembly and disassembly of the elements, making it more convenient to use. Furthermore, by incorporating a pressurization structure, the efficiency of lithium ion extraction and elution can be improved. The lithium extraction device of this invention has a simple structure, is easy to use, and is convenient to manufacture. It can be used in the experimental stage or in actual lithium carbonate production processes.

[0018] As a further improvement to the first lithium extraction device described above, it also includes a locking structure, which includes a locking ring. The inner wall of the annular protrusion is threaded, and the locking ring is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the annular protrusion. The lithium extraction element is fixed between the locking ring and the first support platform.

[0019] As a further improvement to the first lithium extraction device described above, the locking structure further includes a first sealing ring disposed between the lithium extraction element and the first support platform.

[0020] As a further improvement to the first lithium extraction device described above, the locking structure further includes a thread on the outer wall of the annular protrusion, and the lower end of the feed cylinder is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the annular protrusion.

[0021] As a further improvement to the first lithium extraction device described above, the locking structure also includes a second sealing ring disposed between the feed cylinder and the second support platform.

[0022] As a further improvement to the first lithium extraction device mentioned above, it also includes a three-way pipe, with the first channel connected to the upper end cover of the feed cylinder, the second channel connected to the liquid inlet pipe of the liquid inlet structure via a ball valve, and the third channel connected to the air inlet pipe via a vent valve.

[0023] As a further improvement to the first lithium extraction device described above: the drainage structure includes a drainage funnel and a drainage pipe, wherein the drainage funnel is integrally formed with the support cylinder.

[0024] As a further improvement to the first lithium extraction device described above, the pressurization structure further includes an air tank and a gas delivery pipe, with a pressure gauge installed on the gas delivery pipe.

[0025] As a further improvement to the first lithium extraction device described above, it also includes a support structure, which includes lugs provided on the feed cylinder and a frame connected to the lugs.

[0026] The second type of lithium extraction device includes a liquid inlet structure and a liquid outlet structure, and further includes: a lithium extraction element having an active layer formed by the accumulation of selective lithium extraction material particles; a support cylinder having at least two lithium extraction elements arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the support cylinder; a locking structure including a gap support ring located between adjacent lithium extraction elements and a water-facing locking ring and a back-water-facing locking ring located on the outside of the lithium extraction elements at both ends; and end caps including water-facing end caps and back-water-facing end caps located at both ends of the support cylinder, wherein the water-facing end caps and / or the back-water-facing end caps are detachably connected to the support cylinder; the liquid inlet structure and the liquid outlet structure are provided on the end caps.

[0027] As a further improvement to the second lithium extraction device described above, the locking structure further includes a first sealing ring disposed between the locking ring on the backwater side and the lithium extraction element.

[0028] As a further improvement to the second lithium extraction device described above: the outer wall of the water-facing locking ring and / or the back-water locking ring is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the support cylinder.

[0029] As a further improvement to the second lithium extraction device described above: the water-facing end cap and / or the back-water-facing end cap are connected to the support cylinder via flanges.

[0030] As a further improvement to the second lithium extraction device described above, the locking structure further includes a second sealing ring located at the connection between the water-facing end cap and / or the back-facing end cap and the support cylinder.

[0031] As a further improvement to the second lithium extraction device described above: the liquid inlet structure includes a liquid inlet pipe, a first liquid inlet branch pipe, a second liquid inlet branch pipe and a third liquid inlet branch pipe, and the liquid outlet structure includes a liquid outlet pipe, a first liquid outlet branch pipe, a second liquid outlet branch pipe and a third liquid outlet branch pipe.

[0032] As a further improvement to the second lithium extraction device described above, it also includes a pressurization structure, which includes an air inlet pipe, an air delivery pipe, and an air tank connected in sequence to the water-facing end cap, and the air delivery pipe is equipped with a pressure gauge.

[0033] As a further improvement to the second lithium extraction device described above, it also includes a support structure, which includes a support rod connected to the lower side of the support cylinder.

[0034] As a further improvement to the second lithium extraction device described above, the thickness of the gap support ring is 5 to 20 cm.

[0035] As a further improvement to the second lithium extraction device described above, the cross-sectional shape of the lithium extraction element is circular or polygonal.

[0036] Compared with the first lithium extraction device, the second lithium extraction device is more suitable for actual production use, is easier to use, and has higher production efficiency.

[0037] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model then provides a lithium extraction system preferably employing the above-mentioned lithium extraction element and lithium extraction device, the technical solution of which is as follows:

[0038] A lithium extraction system includes: a lithium extraction device having a lithium extraction element and a first cavity and a second cavity separated by the lithium extraction element; the lithium extraction element having an active layer formed by the deposition of selective lithium extraction material particles; a raw liquid conveying pipeline for conveying a lithium-containing raw liquid; the raw liquid conveying pipeline is connected to the first cavity and is equipped with a first valve; a residual liquid conveying pipeline for conveying the residual liquid obtained after the lithium extraction element processes the raw liquid; the residual liquid conveying pipeline is connected to the second cavity and is equipped with a second valve; an extraction liquid conveying pipeline for conveying an extraction liquid for extracting lithium ions trapped by the lithium extraction element; the extraction liquid conveying pipeline is equipped with a third valve; and a recovery liquid conveying pipeline for conveying the recovery liquid obtained after the extraction liquid processes the lithium extraction element; the recovery liquid conveying pipeline is equipped with a fourth valve; wherein, when the extraction liquid conveying pipeline is connected to the first cavity, the recovery liquid conveying pipeline is connected to the second cavity; and when the extraction liquid conveying pipeline is connected to the second cavity, the recovery liquid conveying pipeline is connected to the first cavity.

[0039] In addition to possessing the advantages of the aforementioned lithium extraction elements and equipment, the lithium extraction system of this invention also features switchable lithium ion extraction and elution functions, making it more convenient for the efficient execution of the lithium carbonate production process.

[0040] As a further improvement to the above-mentioned lithium extraction system, the lithium extraction device includes multiple lithium extraction elements connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0041] As a further improvement to the lithium extraction system described above, a raw liquid pump is also provided on the raw liquid delivery pipeline.

[0042] As a further improvement to the lithium extraction system described above, an extraction pump is also provided on the extraction liquid delivery pipeline.

[0043] As a further improvement to the aforementioned lithium extraction system, the system further includes: a wash water conveying pipeline for conveying wash water to clean the lithium extraction element; the wash water conveying pipeline is equipped with a fifth valve; a first washing liquid conveying pipeline for conveying a first washing liquid obtained after washing the lithium extraction element with the original solution; the first washing liquid conveying pipeline is equipped with a sixth valve; and a second washing liquid conveying pipeline for conveying a second washing liquid obtained after washing the lithium extraction element with the extract solution; the second washing liquid conveying pipeline is equipped with a seventh valve. Therefore, by washing the lithium extraction element before and after lithium ion extraction and elution, contact between residual original solution and extract solution in the lithium extraction element can be effectively prevented, thereby ensuring the relative independence of the extraction and elution processes.

[0044] As a further improvement to the above-mentioned lithium extraction system, it also includes: a raw solution preparation device, which is connected to the output end of the first washing liquid conveying pipeline; and an extract preparation device, which is connected to the output end of the second washing liquid conveying pipeline.

[0045] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model further provides a salt lake water treatment system and a lithium-containing smelting slag treatment system that preferably employ the above-mentioned lithium extraction elements, lithium extraction devices, and lithium extraction systems. The technical solutions are as follows:

[0046] A salt lake water treatment system includes: a pretreatment system for removing impurities from the salt lake water and outputting a lithium-containing raw solution; the aforementioned lithium extraction system; and a lithium precipitation system, wherein the lithium precipitation system processes the remaining liquid to obtain a lithium carbonate and sodium salt solution.

[0047] As a further improvement to the above-mentioned salt lake water treatment system, a sodium salt separation system is also included, which processes the sodium salt solution to obtain sodium salt and an acidic solution.

[0048] As a further improvement to the aforementioned salt lake water treatment system, the sodium salt separation system also includes a reflux pipe for recycling the acidic solution as an extract.

[0049] The lithium extraction system of this invention can not only treat the trace lithium waste liquid (such as wastewater from multiple washings and lithium precipitation mother liquor) generated by traditional salt lake lithium extraction, but also directly extract lithium from pretreated salt lake water. It can enrich lithium ions into the recovery liquid to a certain extent, thereby improving the lithium precipitation efficiency.

[0050] A lithium-containing smelting slag treatment system comprises, in sequence: a calcining furnace for calcining the lithium-containing smelting slag, outputting fluorine-containing and dust-containing gas and calcined slag; a leaching system for leaching metal ions from the calcined slag to obtain a leachate; a purification system for removing impurity ions from the leachate to obtain a lithium-containing raw solution; a lithium extraction system for extracting lithium ions from the raw solution to obtain a recovered solution; the lithium extraction system includes a lithium extraction device having a lithium extraction element having an active layer formed by the deposition of selective lithium extraction material particles; and a lithium precipitation system for precipitating lithium ions from the recovered solution to obtain lithium carbonate.

[0051] As a further improvement to the aforementioned lithium-containing smelting slag treatment system: the leaching system includes: a crusher for crushing the calcined slag to obtain calcined slag powder; a first reaction tank for reacting a solvent with the calcined slag powder to obtain insoluble slag and a first supernatant; a centrifuge for centrifuging the first supernatant to obtain a first liquid phase and a first solid phase; a first washing machine for washing the insoluble slag and the first solid phase to obtain a first washing liquid; a first filter for filtering the first liquid phase and the first washing liquid to obtain a leachate and a first concentrate; a first dehydrator for dehydrating the first concentrate to obtain a second liquid phase; the second liquid phase is returned to the inlet of the first filter.

[0052] As a further improvement to the above-mentioned lithium-containing smelting slag treatment system: the impurity removal system includes: a second reaction tank for reacting alkaline precipitant with leachate to obtain a concentrated precipitate solid phase and a second supernatant; a second filter for filtering the second supernatant to obtain a lithium-containing raw solution and a second concentrated solution; a second dehydrator for dehydrating the concentrated precipitate solid phase and the second concentrated solution to obtain a third liquid phase; the third liquid phase is returned to the inlet of the second filter.

[0053] As a further improvement to the above-mentioned lithium-containing smelting slag treatment system: the lithium extraction system includes multiple lithium extraction devices connected in series and / or in parallel.

[0054] As a further improvement to the above-mentioned lithium-containing smelting slag treatment system: the lithium precipitation system includes: a third reaction tank for reacting sodium carbonate with the recovered liquid to obtain lithium carbonate precipitate and a third supernatant; a third filter for filtering the third supernatant to obtain filtrate and a second solid phase; a second washing machine for washing the lithium carbonate precipitate and the second solid phase to obtain a second washing liquid and wet lithium carbonate; the second washing liquid is returned to the inlet of the third filter; and a dryer for drying the wet lithium carbonate to obtain lithium carbonate.

[0055] As a further improvement to the above-mentioned lithium-containing smelting slag treatment system, the treatment system also includes a sodium salt separation system, which includes: a mixing device for receiving filtrate and residual liquid to obtain a sodium salt solution; and an evaporator for evaporating and concentrating the sodium salt solution to obtain sodium salt and an acidic solution.

[0056] As a further improvement to the above-mentioned lithium-containing smelting slag treatment system, the sodium salt separation system also includes a reflux pipe for recycling the acidic solution as an extractant.

[0057] As a further improvement to the above-mentioned lithium-containing smelting slag treatment system, the treatment system also includes a hydrofluoric acid recovery system, which includes: a fourth filter for filtering the fluorine-containing dust-containing gas to obtain fluorine-containing dust-free gas; and a waste heat recovery unit for condensing and recovering heat from the fluorine-containing dust-free gas to obtain hydrofluoric acid.

[0058] For smelting slag generated in smelting processes such as aluminum smelting, antimony smelting, and tungsten smelting, the treatment system of this utility model can effectively recover trace amounts of lithium and obtain battery-grade lithium carbonate, realizing the efficient resource utilization of solid waste.

[0059] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0060] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this utility model, are used to aid in understanding this utility model. The content provided in the drawings and the related descriptions in this utility model can be used to explain this utility model, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this utility model. In the drawings:

[0061] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the lithium extraction element of this utility model.

[0062] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the lithium extraction element of this utility model.

[0063] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the lithium extraction element of this utility model.

[0064] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the lithium extraction device of this utility model.

[0065] Figure 5 This is a partially enlarged view of the first embodiment of the lithium extraction device of this utility model.

[0066] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the lithium extraction device of this utility model.

[0067] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the lithium extraction device of this utility model.

[0068] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the lithium extraction system of this utility model.

[0069] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the lithium extraction system of this utility model.

[0070] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the lithium extraction system of this utility model.

[0071] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment of the lithium extraction system of this utility model.

[0072] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the salt lake water treatment system of this utility model.

[0073] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the lithium-containing smelting slag treatment system of this utility model.

[0074] The relevant markings in the above figures are:

[0075] 100-Lithium extraction element, 110-Active layer, 120-Protective mesh, 130-Protective plate, 131-Water permeable hole, 140-Annular isolation layer, 151-Locking ring, 152-First sealing ring, 210-Support cylinder, 211-Annular protrusion, 212-First support platform, 213-Second support platform, 214-Second sealing ring, 220-Feed cylinder, 221-Upper end cover, 222-Support lug, 231-First channel, 232-Second channel, 233-Third channel, 234-Ball valve, 235-Vent valve, 241-Liquid inlet pipe, 251-Drain funnel 252-Drain pipe, 261-Gap support ring, 262-Water-facing locking ring, 263-Water-returning locking ring, 264-First sealing ring, 265-Second sealing ring, 271-Water-facing end cap, 272-Water-returning end cap, 273-Air inlet pipe, 274-Support rod, 281-First liquid inlet branch pipe, 282-Second liquid inlet branch pipe, 283-Third liquid inlet branch pipe, 291-First drain branch pipe, 292-Second drain branch pipe, 293-Third drain branch pipe, 310-First cavity, 320-Second cavity, 331-Original liquid delivery pipe, 332- First valve, 333-Potential liquid pump, 334-Potential liquid preparation device, 341-Residual liquid conveying pipeline, 342-Second valve, 351-Extractant conveying pipeline, 352-Third valve, 353-Extractant pump, 354-Extractant preparation device, 361-Recovery liquid conveying pipeline, 362-Fourth valve, 371-Wash water conveying pipeline, 372-Fifth valve, 373-Wash water pump, 381-First washing liquid conveying pipeline, 382-Sixth valve, 391-Second washing liquid conveying pipeline, 392-Seventh valve, 410-Pretreatment system, 420- Lithium precipitation system, 430-sodium salt separation system, 510-calcining furnace, 520-crusher, 521-first reaction tank, 522-centrifuge, 523-first washing machine, 524-first filter, 525-first dehydrator, 530-second reaction tank, 531-second filter, 532-second dehydrator, 540-third reaction tank, 541-third filter, 542-second washing machine, 543-dryer, 550-mixing device, 551-evaporator concentrator, 552-reflux pipe, 560-fourth filter, 560-waste heat recovery unit. Detailed Implementation

[0076] The present invention will now be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the present invention based on these descriptions. Before describing the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it should be particularly noted that:

[0077] The technical solutions and features provided in the various parts of this utility model, including the following description, can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0078] Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention described below are generally only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0079] Regarding the terminology and units used in this utility model: The terms "comprising," "having," and any variations thereof in the specification, claims, and related parts of this utility model are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0080] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the lithium extraction element of this utility model.

[0081] like Figure 1 The lithium extraction element shown includes an active layer 110, a protective mesh 120, and a protective plate 130. The active layer 110 is formed by stacking selective lithium extraction material particles, the particle size of which is 5–5000 μm, and the thickness of the active layer 110 is 5–50 mm. The protective mesh 120 has pores with a pore size smaller than that of the selective lithium extraction material particles. The protective mesh 120 is a metal mesh with an average pore size of 1–100 μm and a thickness of 0.5–3 mm. The protective mesh 120 is located on the water-facing side and the backwater side of the active layer 110. The protective plate 130 has water-permeable holes 131. The protective plate 130 is located outside the water-facing side protective mesh 120 and the backwater side protective mesh 120. The thickness of the protective plate 130 is 5–10 mm, the pore size of the water-permeable holes 131 is 1–20 mm, and the hole edge distance is 1.5–6 mm.

[0082] The lithium extraction element 100 has a circular or polygonal cross-sectional shape (such as a rectangle or square). The active layer 110 has one layer, and the protective mesh 120 has two layers.

[0083] The selective lithium extraction material particles are metal oxides, such as at least one of manganese oxide, aluminum oxide, and titanium oxide.

[0084] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the lithium extraction element of this utility model.

[0085] Compared with the first embodiment, the lithium extraction element in this embodiment differs in that: Figure 2 As shown, the active layer 110 has two layers, and the protective net 120 has three layers.

[0086] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the lithium extraction element of this utility model.

[0087] Compared with the second embodiment, the lithium extraction element in this embodiment differs in that: Figure 3 As shown, the outer edge of the protective net 120 extends beyond the outer edge of the active layer 110. An annular isolation layer 140 adapted to the cross-sectional shape is provided between the outer edges of adjacent protective nets 120. The active layer 110 is located inside the annular isolation layer 140. The outer edge of the protective net 120 is welded, bonded, or pressed to the annular isolation layer 140.

[0088] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the lithium extraction device of this utility model. Figure 5 This is a partially enlarged view of the first embodiment of the lithium extraction device of this utility model.

[0089] like Figure 4-5 The lithium extraction device shown includes the lithium extraction element 100 of any of the above embodiments, as well as the support cylinder 210, the feed cylinder 220, the pressurization structure, the locking structure, the three-way pipe, the liquid inlet structure, the liquid outlet structure, and the support structure.

[0090] The support cylinder 210 has an annular protrusion 211, a first support platform 212 located inside the annular protrusion 211, and a second support platform 213 located outside the annular protrusion 211; the lithium extraction element 100 is detachably mounted on the first support platform 212, and the liquid drainage structure is located on the back water side of the lithium extraction element 100 and connected to the support cylinder 210; the lower end of the feed cylinder 220 is detachably mounted on the second support platform 213, and the liquid inlet structure is located on the front water side of the lithium extraction element 100 and connected to the feed cylinder 220.

[0091] The pressurization structure includes an air inlet pipe 273 connected to the feed cylinder 220, an air reservoir, and an air delivery pipe, with a pressure gauge installed on the air delivery pipe. The liquid discharge structure includes a liquid discharge funnel 251 and a liquid discharge pipe 252, with the liquid discharge funnel 251 integrally formed with the support cylinder 210. The support structure includes lugs 222 provided on the feed cylinder 220 and a frame connected to the lugs 222.

[0092] The locking structure includes a locking ring 151 and a first sealing ring 152 disposed between the lithium extraction element 100 and the first support platform 212. The inner wall of the annular protrusion 211 is threaded, and the locking ring 151 is threadedly connected to the inner wall of the annular protrusion 211. The lithium extraction element 100 is fixed between the locking ring 151 and the first support platform 212.

[0093] To facilitate the replacement of the lithium extraction element 100, at least one of the following connections—between the upper end cap 221 of the feed cylinder 220 and the upper end of the feed cylinder 220, and between the annular protrusion 211 and the lower end of the feed cylinder 220—is detachable, such as a flange connection or a threaded connection. In this embodiment, the locking structure further includes a thread on the outer wall of the annular protrusion 211 and a second sealing ring 214 between the feed cylinder 220 and the second support platform 213. The lower end of the feed cylinder 220 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the annular protrusion 211.

[0094] The first channel 231 of the three-way pipe is connected to the upper end cap 221, the second channel 232 is connected to the liquid inlet pipe 241 of the liquid inlet structure through the ball valve 234, and the third channel 233 is connected to the air inlet pipe 273 through the vent valve 235.

[0095] Practical application below Figure 11 In the lithium extraction system shown, the inlet pipe 241 is used to transport lithium-containing raw solution, extractant and washing water. That is, the raw solution transport pipe 331, the extractant transport pipe 351 and the washing water transport pipe 371 are connected in parallel and then connected to the inlet pipe 241. The outlet pipe 252 is used to transport residual liquid, recovered liquid, first washing liquid and second washing liquid. That is, the residual liquid transport pipe 341, the recovered liquid transport pipe 361, the first washing liquid transport pipe 381 and the second washing liquid transport pipe 391 are connected in parallel and then connected to the outlet pipe 252.

[0096] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the lithium extraction device of this utility model.

[0097] Compared with the first embodiment, the lithium extraction device in this embodiment differs in that: Figure 6 As shown, the lithium extraction device includes two lithium extraction elements 100 connected in series, with a gap support ring 261 between the two lithium extraction elements 100. Of course, more lithium extraction elements 100 can be provided as needed.

[0098] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the lithium extraction device of this utility model.

[0099] like Figure 7 The lithium extraction device shown includes the lithium extraction element 100 of any of the above embodiments, as well as a liquid inlet structure, a liquid outlet structure, a support cylinder 210, a locking structure, an end cap, a pressurizing structure, and a support structure.

[0100] The lithium extraction elements 100 are at least two and are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the support cylinder 210. The locking structure includes a gap support ring 261 located between adjacent lithium extraction elements 100, a water-facing locking ring 262 and a water-repellent locking ring 263 located on the outer sides of the lithium extraction elements 100 at both ends, a first sealing ring 264 located between the water-repellent locking ring 263 and the lithium extraction element 100, and a second sealing ring 265 located at the connection between the water-facing end cap 271 and / or the water-repellent end cap 272 and the support cylinder 210. The outer walls of the water-facing locking ring 262 and / or the water-repellent locking ring 263 are threadedly connected to the inner wall of the support cylinder 210. The thickness of the gap support ring 261 is 5 to 20 cm.

[0101] The end caps include a water-facing end cap 271 and a water-repellent end cap 272 located at both ends of the support cylinder 210. Both the water-facing end cap 271 and the water-repellent end cap 272 are connected to the support cylinder 210 via flanges.

[0102] The pressurization structure includes an air inlet pipe 273, an air supply pipe, and an air tank, which are sequentially connected to the water-facing end cap 271. A pressure gauge is installed on the air supply pipe. The support structure includes a support rod 274 connected to the lower side of the support cylinder 210.

[0103] The liquid inlet and liquid outlet structures are located on the end cap. The liquid inlet structure includes an inlet pipe 241, a first inlet branch pipe 281, a second inlet branch pipe 282, and a third inlet branch pipe 283. The liquid outlet structure includes a drain pipe 252, a first drain branch pipe 291, a second drain branch pipe 292, and a third drain branch pipe 293. (Practical application follows...) Figure 11 In the lithium extraction system shown, the first inlet branch pipe 281 is connected to the raw liquid conveying pipe 331, the second inlet branch pipe 282 is connected to the extract liquid conveying pipe 351, the third inlet branch pipe 283 is connected to the washing water conveying pipe 371, the first drain branch pipe 291 is connected to the residual liquid conveying pipe 341, the second drain branch pipe 292 is connected to the recovery liquid conveying pipe 361, and the first washing liquid conveying pipe 381 and the second washing liquid conveying pipe 391 are connected in parallel to the third drain branch pipe 293.

[0104] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the lithium extraction system of this utility model.

[0105] like Figure 8The lithium extraction system shown includes a lithium extraction device according to any of the above embodiments, as well as a raw liquid conveying pipe 331, a residual liquid conveying pipe 341, an extract conveying pipe 351, and a recovery liquid conveying pipe 361. The lithium extraction device has a first cavity 310 and a second cavity 320 isolated by a lithium extraction element 100. The raw liquid conveying pipe 331 is used to convey lithium-containing raw liquid, and is connected to the first cavity 310. A first valve 332 and a raw liquid pump 333 are provided on the raw liquid conveying pipe 331. The residual liquid conveying pipe 341 is used to convey the residual liquid obtained after the lithium extraction element 100 processes the raw liquid. The residual liquid conveying pipe 341 is connected to the second cavity 320, and a second valve 342 is provided on the residual liquid conveying pipe 341. The extract conveying pipe 351 is used to convey the extract of lithium ions retained by the lithium extraction element 100, and is provided with a third valve 352 and an extract pump 353. The recovery liquid conveying pipe 361 is used to convey the recovery liquid obtained after the lithium extraction element 100 is treated with the extractant; the recovery liquid conveying pipe 361 is provided with a fourth valve 362. The extractant conveying pipe 351 is connected to the first cavity 310, and the recovery liquid conveying pipe 361 is connected to the second cavity 320.

[0106] The lithium extraction device can be equipped with two inlet pipes 241, which are respectively connected to the raw liquid conveying pipe 331 and the extract conveying pipe 351, or it can be equipped with only one inlet pipe 241. This inlet pipe 241 is connected to the raw liquid conveying pipe 331 and the extract conveying pipe 351 via a three-way valve. Similarly, it can be equipped with two drain pipes 252, which are respectively connected to the residual liquid conveying pipe 341 and the recovered liquid conveying pipe 361, or it can be equipped with only one drain pipe 252. This drain pipe 252 is connected to the residual liquid conveying pipe 341 and the recovered liquid conveying pipe 361 via a three-way valve.

[0107] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the lithium extraction system of this utility model.

[0108] Compared with the first embodiment, the lithium extraction system of this embodiment differs in that: Figure 9 As shown, the extract delivery pipe 351 is connected to the second cavity 320, and the recovery liquid delivery pipe 361 is connected to the first cavity 310.

[0109] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the lithium extraction system of this utility model.

[0110] Compared with the first embodiment, the lithium extraction system of this embodiment differs in that: Figure 10 As shown, the lithium extraction system includes two lithium extraction devices connected in parallel, thereby allowing the liquid flow direction to be switched according to the usage of the lithium extraction element 100, thus improving production efficiency.

[0111] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment of the lithium extraction system of this utility model.

[0112] Compared with the first embodiment, the lithium extraction system of this embodiment differs in that: Figure 11 As shown, it also includes a washing water conveying pipe 371, a first washing liquid conveying pipe 381, a second washing liquid conveying pipe 391, a raw liquid preparation device 334, and an extract preparation device 354.

[0113] The wash water conveying pipe 371 is used to convey wash water for washing the lithium extraction element 100. The wash water conveying pipe 371 is equipped with a fifth valve 372 and a wash water pump 373. The first washing liquid conveying pipe 381 is used to convey the first washing liquid obtained after washing the lithium extraction element 100 with the treatment stock solution. The first washing liquid conveying pipe 381 is equipped with a sixth valve 382. The second washing liquid conveying pipe 391 is used to convey the second washing liquid obtained after washing the lithium extraction element 100 with the extraction solution. The second washing liquid conveying pipe 391 is equipped with a seventh valve 392. The stock solution preparation device 334 is connected to the output end of the first washing liquid conveying pipe 381. The extraction solution preparation device 354 is connected to the output end of the second washing liquid conveying pipe 391.

[0114] When using it, the main working process includes the following:

[0115] Adsorption: Only the first valve 332, the raw liquid pump 333, and the second valve 342 are opened, so that the raw liquid in the raw liquid preparation device 334 flows into the lithium extraction device through the raw liquid conveying pipe 331. After being adsorbed by the lithium extraction element 100, the resulting residual liquid is discharged from the residual liquid conveying pipe 341.

[0116] Cleaning: Only the fifth valve 372, the wash water pump 373 and the sixth valve 382 are opened to allow the wash water to flow into the lithium extraction device from the wash water delivery pipe 371. The first washing liquid formed after the wash water washes the lithium extraction element 100 flows into the raw liquid preparation device 334 from the first washing liquid delivery pipe 381.

[0117] Desorption: Only the third valve 352, the extract pump 353, and the fourth valve 362 are opened, so that the acidic solution in the extract preparation device 354 flows into the lithium extraction device through the extract delivery pipe 351. The recovery liquid formed after the acidic solution desorbs the lithium extraction element 100 is discharged from the recovery liquid delivery pipe 361.

[0118] Cleaning: Only the fifth valve 372, the wash water pump 373 and the seventh valve 392 are opened to allow the wash water to flow into the lithium extraction device from the wash water delivery pipe 371. The second washing liquid formed after the wash water washes the lithium extraction element 100 flows into the extraction liquid preparation device 354 from the second washing liquid delivery pipe 391.

[0119] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the salt lake water treatment system of this utility model.

[0120] like Figure 12 The salt lake water treatment system shown includes a pretreatment system 410, a lithium extraction system (as described in any of the above embodiments), a lithium precipitation system 420, and a sodium salt separation system 430. The pretreatment system 410 removes impurities from the salt lake water and outputs a lithium-containing raw solution. The pretreatment system 410 includes a filtration device, primarily for removing particulate impurities. The lithium precipitation system 420 processes the remaining liquid to obtain a lithium carbonate and sodium salt solution. The sodium salt separation system 430 processes the sodium salt solution to obtain a sodium salt and an acidic solution. The sodium salt separation system 430 also includes a reflux pipe 552 for recycling the acidic solution as an extractant. The specific structures of the lithium precipitation system 420 and the sodium salt separation system 430 are shown below. Figure 13 .

[0121] The salt lake water is chloride salt lake water, the lithium extraction system uses hydrochloric acid solution as the extraction liquid, the obtained sodium salt is sodium chloride, and the remaining liquid can be directly discharged into other areas of the salt lake.

[0122] Similarly, the salt lake water treatment system of this invention can also be used to extract trace lithium ions from sulfate or nitrate salt lake brine, by simply replacing the corresponding sulfuric acid solution or nitric acid solution as the extraction liquid.

[0123] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the lithium-containing smelting slag treatment system of this utility model.

[0124] like Figure 13 The lithium-containing smelting slag treatment system shown includes a calcining furnace 510, a leaching system, a purification system, a lithium extraction system as described in any of the above embodiments, a lithium precipitation system, a sodium salt separation system, and a hydrofluoric acid recovery system connected in sequence.

[0125] The calcining furnace 510 is used to calcine lithium-containing smelting slag, outputting fluorine-containing and dust-laden gas and calcined slag. The leaching system is used to leach metal ions from the calcined slag to obtain a leachate. The impurity removal system is used to remove impurity ions from the leachate to obtain a lithium-containing raw solution. The lithium precipitation system is used to precipitate lithium ions from the recovered solution to obtain lithium carbonate. The sodium salt separation system processes the sodium salt solution to obtain sodium salt and an acidic solution. The hydrofluoric acid recovery system is used to recover hydrofluoric acid from the fluorine-containing and dust-laden gas.

[0126] The leaching system includes a crusher 520, a first reaction tank 521, a centrifuge 522, a first washing machine 523, a first filter 524, and a first dewatering machine 525. The crusher 520 crushes the calcined slag to obtain calcined slag powder. The first reaction tank 521 reacts a solvent (such as sulfuric acid) with the calcined slag powder to obtain insoluble slag and a first supernatant. The centrifuge 522 centrifuges the first supernatant to obtain a first liquid phase and a first solid phase. The first washing machine 523 washes the insoluble slag and the first solid phase to obtain a first washing liquid. The first filter 524 filters the first liquid phase and the first washing liquid to obtain a leachate and a first concentrated solution. The first dewatering machine 525 dehydrates the first concentrated solution to obtain a second liquid phase; the second liquid phase is returned to the inlet of the first filter 524. The solid phase generated by the first washing machine 523 and the first dewatering machine 525 is directly treated as solid waste.

[0127] The impurity removal system includes a second reaction tank 530, a second filter 531, and a second dehydrator 532. The second reaction tank 530 reacts an alkaline precipitant with the leachate to obtain a concentrated solid phase and a second supernatant. The second filter 531 filters the second supernatant to obtain a lithium-containing stock solution and a second concentrated solution. The second dehydrator 532 dehydrates the concentrated solid phase and the second concentrated solution to obtain a third liquid phase and a hydroxide precipitate. The third liquid phase is returned to the inlet of the second filter 531, and the hydroxide precipitate can be reused as needed.

[0128] The lithium extraction system includes two lithium extraction devices connected in parallel (with the same principle). Figure 10 The extraction solution used was sulfuric acid solution.

[0129] The lithium precipitation system includes a third reaction tank 540, a third filter 541, a second washing machine 542, and a dryer 543. The third reaction tank 540 reacts sodium carbonate with the recovered liquid to obtain lithium carbonate precipitate and a third supernatant. The third filter 541 filters the third supernatant to obtain filtrate and a second solid phase. The second washing machine 542 washes the lithium carbonate precipitate and the second solid phase to obtain a second washing solution and wet lithium carbonate; the second washing solution is returned to the inlet of the third filter 541. The dryer 543 dries the wet lithium carbonate to obtain lithium carbonate.

[0130] The sodium salt separation system includes a mixing device 550, an evaporator 551, and a reflux pipe 552. The mixing device 550 receives the filtrate and residual liquid to obtain a sodium salt solution. The mixing device 550 is a nanofiltration membrane device or a reverse osmosis membrane device. The evaporator 551 is used to evaporate and distill the sodium salt solution to obtain sodium salt (i.e., sodium sulfate) solid and an acidic solution. The reflux pipe 552 is used to reflux the acidic solution as the extract.

[0131] The hydrofluoric acid recovery system includes a fourth filter 560 and a waste heat recovery unit 560. The fourth filter 560 is used to filter the fluorine-containing dust-laden gas to obtain fluorine-containing dust-free gas and flue gas. The flue gas is recovered and fed into the calcining furnace 510 for deep calcination. The waste heat recovery unit 560 is used to condense and recover heat from the fluorine-containing dust-free gas to obtain hydrofluoric acid and tail gas. The tail gas can be directly discharged.

[0132] In both of the above application examples, the obtained lithium carbonate was battery grade, and the lithium yield was above 90%, with a maximum of 95%.

[0133] The foregoing has described the relevant content of this utility model. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement this utility model based on these descriptions. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the above description of this utility model without inventive effort should fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A lithium extraction system, characterized in that: include: A lithium extraction device having a lithium extraction element (100) and a first cavity (310) and a second cavity (320) separated by the lithium extraction element (100); the lithium extraction element (100) having an active layer (110) formed by the accumulation of selective lithium extraction material particles. The raw material delivery pipeline (331) is used to deliver lithium-containing raw material; the raw material delivery pipeline (331) is connected to the first cavity (310), and the raw material delivery pipeline (331) is provided with a first valve (332); The residual liquid conveying pipeline (341) is used to convey the residual liquid obtained after the lithium extraction element (100) processes the raw liquid; the residual liquid conveying pipeline (341) is connected to the second cavity (320), and a second valve (342) is provided on the residual liquid conveying pipeline (341); An extract delivery pipeline (351) is used to deliver the extract of lithium ions trapped by the lithium extraction element (100); a third valve (352) is provided on the extract delivery pipeline (351); A recovery liquid conveying pipeline (361) is used to convey the recovery liquid obtained after the lithium extraction element (100) is treated with the extraction liquid; a fourth valve (362) is provided on the recovery liquid conveying pipeline (361); When the extract delivery pipe (351) is connected to the first cavity (310), the recovery liquid delivery pipe (361) is connected to the second cavity (320); when the extract delivery pipe (351) is connected to the second cavity (320), the recovery liquid delivery pipe (361) is connected to the first cavity (310).

2. The lithium extraction system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lithium extraction device includes multiple lithium extraction elements (100) connected in series and / or in parallel.

3. The lithium extraction system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The raw liquid delivery pipeline (331) is also equipped with a raw liquid pump (333).

4. The lithium extraction system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The extract delivery pipeline (351) is also equipped with an extract pump (353).

5. The lithium extraction system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A wash water conveying pipe (371) is used to convey wash water for washing the lithium extraction element (100); a fifth valve (372) is provided on the wash water conveying pipe (371); The first washing liquid conveying pipe (381) is used to convey the first washing liquid obtained by washing after the lithium extraction element (100) processes the raw liquid. The first washing liquid conveying pipe (381) is provided with a sixth valve (382). The second washing liquid conveying pipe (391) is used to convey the second washing liquid obtained after washing the lithium extraction element (100) after the extraction liquid treatment. The second washing liquid conveying pipe (391) is provided with a seventh valve (392).

6. The lithium extraction system as described in claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: The original liquid preparation device (334) is connected to the output end of the first washing liquid conveying pipeline (381); Extraction solution preparation device (354) is connected to the output end of the second washing solution delivery pipe (391).

7. A salt lake water treatment system, characterized in that: include: A pretreatment system (410) is used to remove impurities from the salt lake water and output lithium-containing raw solution; The lithium extraction system according to any one of claims 1-6; A lithium precipitation system (420) is used to process the residual liquid to obtain a lithium carbonate and sodium salt solution.

8. The salt lake water treatment system as described in claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a sodium salt separation system (430) that processes a sodium salt solution to obtain sodium salt and an acidic solution.

9. The salt lake water treatment system as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The sodium salt separation system (430) also includes a reflux pipe (552) for recycling the acidic solution as an extract.

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