Shaft excavation steering system
By combining the main body of the tunneling machine, the adjusting cylinder, the universal adjusting component and the adjusting cylinder, the problems of complex angle adjustment and well wall disturbance in vertical shaft tunneling are solved, and rapid and stable angle adjustment is achieved, reducing the changes in the strata.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHAANXI COAL & CHEM CONSTR (GRP) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
Smart Images
Figure CN224338976U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of shaft excavation technology. Specifically, it is a shaft excavation orienting system. Background Technology
[0002] During vertical shaft excavation, when adjusting the drilling angle, existing technologies typically involve coordinating the extension lengths of the hydraulic cylinders in the support shoes around the tunneling machine and simultaneously controlling the extension lengths of the upper and lower layers of support shoe hydraulic cylinders to adjust the direction and angle. During underground operations, each support shoe hydraulic cylinder is in working condition, i.e., tightly supported against the shaft wall. Adjusting using this method requires precise calculation of the extension and retraction of each hydraulic cylinder by the control module, and control of the cylinder's movement. However, due to the complexity of the geological formation, there is a discrepancy between the actual movement and the calculated movement of each hydraulic cylinder. In this case, an additional detection system is needed to provide feedback on the actual data, and then compensation actions are performed on each individual hydraulic cylinder. The actual operation is complex, and the movement of the hydraulic cylinders causes fluctuations in the support force exerted by the support shoes on the shaft wall. In special geological formations, this may lead to formation changes and support failure. Utility Model Content
[0003] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a vertical shaft tunneling orientation adjustment system that can quickly adjust the angle without affecting the shaft wall.
[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a vertical shaft tunneling directional adjustment system, comprising a tunneling machine body, an adjusting cylinder, a universal adjusting component, and adjusting cylinders. The tunneling machine body is coaxially installed inside the adjusting cylinder. The first end of the adjusting cylinder is connected to the tunneling machine body via the universal adjusting component. The tunneling machine body can swing in any direction within the adjusting cylinder via the universal adjusting component. Adjusting cylinders are arranged around the second end of the adjusting cylinder. One end of each adjusting cylinder is connected to the outer wall of the tunneling machine body, and the other end is movably connected to the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder. The front end of the tunneling machine body extends out of the adjusting cylinder and is equipped with a drill bit.
[0005] In the aforementioned vertical shaft tunneling directional adjustment system, the universal adjustment component is installed in the end of the adjustment cylinder adjacent to the drill bit; the adjustment cylinder is installed in the end of the adjustment cylinder away from the drill bit.
[0006] In the aforementioned vertical shaft tunneling directional adjustment system, the distance from the drill bit to the center of the universal adjustment component is less than the distance from the adjustment cylinder to the center of the universal adjustment component.
[0007] In the aforementioned vertical shaft tunneling directional adjustment system, one end of the adjusting cylinder is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the tunneling machine body, and a steel cable is fixedly connected to the other end of the adjusting cylinder. The end of the steel cable is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder. The adjusting cylinders around the inside of the adjusting cylinder pull the steel cable to a taut state.
[0008] In the aforementioned vertical shaft tunneling directional adjustment system, a rubber ring is provided inside the end of the adjusting cylinder. The outer ring surface of the rubber ring is sealed and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder, and the inner ring surface of the rubber ring is sealed and fixedly connected to the outer wall surface of the tunneling machine body.
[0009] In the aforementioned shaft tunneling directional adjustment system, the axial length of the rubber ring is greater than the ring width of the rubber ring.
[0010] The aforementioned shaft tunneling directional adjustment system includes a universal adjustment component comprising a support base and an adjustment ring. The support base is coaxially installed inside the adjustment cylinder, and the inner wall of the support base is a concave spherical surface. The adjustment ring is coaxially fixedly installed on the main body of the tunneling machine, and the outer wall of the adjustment ring is a convex spherical surface. The adjustment ring is fitted and installed inside the support base.
[0011] In the aforementioned vertical shaft tunneling directional adjustment system, an arc-shaped groove is formed along the axial direction on the inner wall of the support base, and an arc-shaped groove is also formed along the axial direction on the outer wall of the adjusting ring. The arc-shaped grooves on the support base and the arc-shaped grooves on the adjusting ring are aligned and fitted to form a raceway with a circular cross-section. Steel balls are rolled and installed in the raceway. Along the circumferential direction of the support base, four raceways are provided between the support base and the adjusting ring.
[0012] In the aforementioned vertical shaft tunneling directional adjustment system, a hydraulic support shoe is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the adjusting cylinder, and the hydraulic support shoe is braced against the shaft wall.
[0013] The technical solution of this utility model has achieved the following beneficial technical effects:
[0014] Without adjusting the support shoe, the main body of the tunneling machine can be quickly and easily adjusted using the adjusting cylinder, in conjunction with the universal adjusting component and the adjusting cylinder. This avoids the complicated procedures involved in adjusting the support shoe cylinder. Furthermore, since the support shoe cylinder is always in a stable state, it reduces the disturbance to the stratum caused by repeated tightening at a single point in the stratum. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 A cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the vertical shaft excavation and orientation adjustment system of this utility model;
[0016] Figure 2 A top view of the vertical shaft tunneling orienting system of this utility model;
[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical shaft tunneling orientation adjustment system after adjustment.
[0018] The reference numerals in the figure are as follows: 1-Main body of the tunneling machine; 2-Adjusting cylinder; 3-Universal adjusting component; 31-Support base; 32-Adjusting ring; 33-Arc-shaped groove; 34-Steel ball; 4-Adjusting cylinder; 5-Steel cable; 6-Hydraulic support shoe; 7-Drill bit; 8-Rubber ring. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The vertical shaft tunneling orientation system in this embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the tunneling machine includes a main body 1, an adjusting cylinder 2, a universal adjusting component 3, and adjusting cylinders 4. The main body 1 is coaxially mounted inside the adjusting cylinder 2. The first end of the adjusting cylinder 2 is connected to the main body 1 via the universal adjusting component 3. The main body 1 can swing in any direction within the adjusting cylinder 2 via the universal adjusting component 3. Adjusting cylinders 4 are arranged around the second end of the adjusting cylinder 2. One end of the adjusting cylinder 4 is connected to the outer wall of the main body 1, and the other end of the adjusting cylinder 4 is movably connected to the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder 2. The front end of the main body 1 extends out of the adjusting cylinder 2 and is equipped with a drill bit 7. A hydraulic support shoe 6 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the adjusting cylinder 2 and is braced against the well wall.
[0020] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the universal adjustment component 3 is installed in the end of the adjustment cylinder 2 near the drill bit 7; the adjustment cylinder 4 is installed in the end of the adjustment cylinder 2 away from the drill bit 7; the distance from the drill bit 7 to the center of the universal adjustment component 3 is less than the distance from the adjustment cylinder 4 to the center of the universal adjustment component 3. In this embodiment, the universal adjustment component 3 is at the front end and the adjustment cylinder 4 is at the rear end. Using the main body 1 of the tunneling machine as the cylinder rod, the adjustment cylinder 4 can adjust the direction and angle of the drill bit with relatively small power. The load on the adjustment cylinder 4 is small, and the adjustment angle of the drill bit is small, which is conducive to precise control. It is suitable for high precision requirements, small adjustment amounts, or hard and complex formations. In some other embodiments, the universal adjustment component 3 can also be arranged at the rear end and the adjustment cylinder 4 at the front end. In this arrangement, the adjustment effect of the adjustment cylinder 4 can act more directly on the drill bit, that is, the adjustment speed of the drill bit is faster and the angle is larger. However, the load on the adjustment cylinder 4 is larger, requiring the use of a larger diameter adjustment cylinder 4. This arrangement is suitable for non-hard formations.
[0021] like Figure 1-2As shown, one end of the adjusting cylinder 4 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the tunneling machine body 1, and a steel cable 5 is fixedly connected to the other end of the adjusting cylinder 4. The end of the steel cable 5 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder 2. The adjusting cylinder 4 around the inside of the adjusting cylinder 2 pulls the steel cable 5 to a taut state. By using the steel cable 5, since the relative position of the tunneling machine body 1 will change when it moves inside the adjusting cylinder 2, the steel cable 5 can compensate for the change in position.
[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, a rubber ring 8 is provided inside the end of the regulating cylinder 2. The outer ring surface of the rubber ring 8 is sealed and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the regulating cylinder 2, and the inner ring surface of the rubber ring 8 is sealed and fixedly connected to the outer wall surface of the tunneling machine body 1. The axial length of the rubber ring 8 is greater than the ring width of the rubber ring 8. By adopting the design of the rubber ring 8, it can play a sealing role, preventing rock debris from entering between the regulating cylinder 2 and the tunneling machine body 1. At the same time, it plays a role in buffering and providing restoring force during compression.
[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the universal adjustment component 3 includes a support base 31 and an adjustment ring 32. The support base 31 is coaxially installed inside the adjustment cylinder 2. The inner wall of the support base 31 is a concave spherical surface. The adjustment ring 32 is coaxially fixedly installed on the main body 1 of the tunneling machine. The outer wall of the adjustment ring 32 is a convex spherical surface. The adjustment ring 32 is fitted inside the support base 31. An arc-shaped groove 33 is formed along the axial direction on the inner wall of the support base 31. An arc-shaped groove 33 is also formed along the axial direction on the outer wall of the adjustment ring 32. The arc-shaped grooves 33 on the support base 31 and the arc-shaped grooves 33 on the adjustment ring 32 are aligned and fitted to form a raceway with a circular cross-section. Steel balls 34 are rolled and installed in the raceway. Along the circumferential direction of the support base 31, four raceways are provided between the support base 31 and the adjustment ring 32. The main function of the steel balls 34 is to bear and transmit the counter-torque. In specific applications, the steel balls 34 can be held in the middle position by a retainer to ensure that the adjustment ring 32 can move smoothly relative to the support base 31. Multiple raceways can be provided.
[0024] In operation, under normal conditions, the four adjusting cylinders 4 extend and retract at the same distance, meaning the tunneling machine body 1 and the adjusting cylinder 2 are coaxial. When adjustment is required, the current direction and angle of the adjusting cylinder 2 and the drill bit 7 are obtained through the drilling measurement system, and then the industrial control module calculates the required adjustment direction and angle. Figure 3 As shown, each adjusting cylinder 4 is controlled to move according to the required extension and retraction amount, so that the tunneling machine body 1 swings to the required angle through the universal adjusting component 3, and the angle of the drill bit 7 is adjusted. Since the adjusting cylinder 2 is supported by the hydraulic support shoe 6 on the well wall, it is in a relatively stable state and can adjust the tunneling machine body 1 just right.
[0025] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the claims of this patent application.
Claims
1. A vertical shaft tunneling orientation adjustment system, characterized in that, The machine includes a tunneling machine body (1), an adjusting cylinder (2), a universal adjusting component (3), and adjusting cylinders (4). The tunneling machine body (1) is coaxially installed inside the adjusting cylinder (2). The first end of the adjusting cylinder (2) is connected to the tunneling machine body (1) through the universal adjusting component (3). The tunneling machine body (1) can swing in any direction inside the adjusting cylinder (2) through the universal adjusting component (3). The adjusting cylinders (4) are arranged around the second end of the adjusting cylinder (2). One end of the adjusting cylinder (4) is connected to the outer wall of the tunneling machine body (1), and the other end of the adjusting cylinder (4) is movably connected to the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder (2). The front end of the tunneling machine body (1) extends out of the adjusting cylinder (2) and is equipped with a drill bit (7).
2. The shaft excavation orienting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The universal adjustment component (3) is installed in the end of the adjustment cylinder (2) near the drill bit (7); the adjustment cylinder (4) is installed in the end of the adjustment cylinder (2) away from the drill bit (7).
3. A vertical shaft tunneling orienting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance from the drill bit (7) to the center of the universal adjustment component (3) is less than the distance from the adjustment cylinder (4) to the center of the universal adjustment component (3).
4. A vertical shaft tunneling orientation adjustment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the regulating cylinder (4) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the tunneling machine body (1), and a steel cable (5) is fixedly connected to the other end of the regulating cylinder (4). The end of the steel cable (5) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the regulating cylinder (2). The regulating cylinder (4) around the inside of the regulating cylinder (2) pulls the steel cable (5) into a taut state.
5. A vertical shaft tunneling orienting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A rubber ring (8) is provided inside the end of the adjusting cylinder (2). The outer ring surface of the rubber ring (8) is sealed and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the adjusting cylinder (2), and the inner ring surface of the rubber ring (8) is sealed and fixedly connected to the outer wall surface of the tunneling machine body (1).
6. A vertical shaft tunneling orientation adjustment system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The axial length of the rubber ring (8) is greater than the ring width of the rubber ring (8).
7. A vertical shaft tunneling orienting system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The universal adjustment component (3) includes a support base (31) and an adjustment ring (32). The support base (31) is coaxially installed inside the adjustment cylinder (2). The inner wall of the support base (31) is a concave spherical surface. The adjustment ring (32) is coaxially fixedly installed on the tunneling machine body (1). The outer wall of the adjustment ring (32) is a convex spherical surface. The adjustment ring (32) is fitted inside the support base (31).
8. A shaft excavation orienting system according to claim 7, characterized in that, An arc-shaped groove (33) is provided on the inner wall of the support base (31) along the axial direction. An arc-shaped groove (33) is also provided on the outer wall of the adjusting ring (32) along the axial direction. The arc-shaped groove (33) on the support base (31) and the arc-shaped groove (33) on the adjusting ring (32) are aligned and fitted to form a raceway with a circular cross section. A steel ball (34) is rolled in the raceway. Along the circumferential direction of the support base (31): four raceways are provided between the support base (31) and the adjusting ring (32).
9. A vertical shaft tunneling orientation adjustment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A hydraulic support shoe (6) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the regulating cylinder (2), and the hydraulic support shoe (6) is braced against the well wall.