Underwater plug-type intake and outlet of pumped storage power station adaptable to complex conditions

Abstract

The utility model belongs to underwater rock plug blasting technical field especially relates to a kind of pumped storage power station underwater rock plug type water inlet and outlet that can adapt to complex conditions, it includes rock plug body, water diversion tunnel, slag collecting pit, gate well, lower construction passageway, multifunctional auxiliary tunnel, pre-reinforcement passageway, water intake passageway, water replenishment and air replenishment monitoring passageway and underwater concrete pouring passageway, slag collecting pit is set in the side of water diversion tunnel close to reservoir, rock plug body is located between slag collecting pit and reservoir, gate well is connected with the side of water diversion tunnel away from reservoir, the utility model is improved by the fusion of conventional pumped storage power station water inlet and outlet structure and underwater rock plug water inlet, accurate survey, pre-reinforcement and stone residue control of underwater rock plug water inlet and outlet are realized, intuitive and effective control underwater rock plug blasting stone residue into slag collecting pit and store and close, both adapt to the characteristics of underwater rock plug blasting implementation and meet the demand of pumped storage power station to stone residue control of water inlet and outlet structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of underwater rock plug blasting technology, and in particular relates to an underwater rock plug-type inlet and outlet for pumped storage power stations that can adapt to complex conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations are a type of energy storage that converts electricity between an upper reservoir (high elevation) and a lower reservoir (low elevation). Typically, when electricity demand is low, excess electricity is used to pump water to the upper reservoir for storage. Then, during peak demand periods, the water is released to drive turbines and generate electricity, thus balancing the power grid load and improving the stability and efficiency of the power system. If existing reservoirs or natural lakes can be used as upper or lower reservoirs during construction, the amount of engineering work related to the reservoir can be reduced, thereby lowering investment costs and improving the cost-effectiveness of the pumped-storage power station, maximizing overall benefits. However, this also brings a series of technical challenges to construction. For example, the inlet and outlet of pumped-storage power stations are often located tens of meters below the water surface, creating significant construction difficulties for underwater excavation and shaping of the inlet and outlet when using existing reservoirs or natural lakes.

[0003] Currently, the cofferdam method is commonly used for excavating and shaping the inlet and outlet of newly constructed pumped storage power stations in existing reservoirs or lakes. The cofferdam method involves constructing a cofferdam or reserving a rock embankment in the reservoir or natural lake to enclose the inlet and outlet, creating favorable dry conditions for foundation excavation and structural concrete construction. However, the cofferdam method has poor adaptability. When the terrain is steep or the water depth exceeds 10 meters, the amount of cofferdam work, its feasibility, and economic efficiency decrease sharply, limiting the layout of the inlet and outlet and the planning and site selection of pumped storage power stations.

[0004] The underwater rock plug blasting method for forming the underwater inlet and outlet of a pumped storage power station avoids the need for large-scale cofferdam construction and offers advantages such as low cost, small dismantling scale, and strong adaptability to deep water and complex conditions. However, since rock plug blasting is the crucial part of the entire pumped storage project's inlet and outlet, its applicable conditions and technical requirements are quite stringent. This makes the underwater rock plug blasting process susceptible to external interference, which can damage the water diversion tunnel. If the water diversion tunnel is not successfully completed, or if the performance of the inlet and outlet structures does not meet expectations, it will affect the progress of the project construction and the realization of the pumped storage power station's benefits. During operation, the water flow within the pumped storage project's inlet and outlet exhibits frequent reciprocating flow characteristics, easily triggering unstable rock debris within the flow channel, posing a significant challenge to the use of a slag-collecting underwater rock plug inlet structure.

[0005] This invention designs an underwater rock plug-type inlet / outlet for pumped storage power stations that can adapt to complex conditions, thus solving the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] An underwater rock plug-type inlet / outlet for a pumped storage power station adaptable to complex conditions includes: a rock plug body, a water diversion tunnel, a slag collection pit, a gate well, a lower construction channel, a multi-functional auxiliary tunnel, a pre-reinforced channel, a water intake channel, a water and gas replenishment monitoring channel, and an underwater concrete pouring channel. The water diversion tunnel is connected to the reservoir. The slag collection pit is located on the side of the water diversion tunnel closest to the reservoir. The rock plug body is located between the slag collection pit and the reservoir. The gate well is connected to the side of the water diversion tunnel furthest from the reservoir. The lower construction channel is located between the middle section of the water diversion tunnel and the tail section of the slag collection pit. The multi-functional auxiliary tunnel is located above the slag collection pit and is connected to the ground. The pre-reinforced channel is connected to both the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel and the rock plug body. The water intake channel is connected to both the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel and the reservoir. The underwater concrete pouring channel is connected to both the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel and the slag collection pit.

[0008] As a preferred option, an auxiliary slag collection pit is set up inside the water diversion tunnel. The auxiliary slag collection pit is located between the gate well and the lower construction passage. The auxiliary slag collection pit is 1 to 3 meters wide and 1 to 3 meters deep. The auxiliary slag collection pit is formed by excavation and pouring, and there are 1 to 3 of them.

[0009] As a preferred option, a sand-blocking sluice is installed at the connection between the end of the lower construction passage and the water diversion tunnel.

[0010] As a preferred option, the sand retaining wall adopts a solid sealing structure with a thickness of 1 to 5 meters, which is made of brick or cast-in-place concrete. The sand retaining wall is used to further block the connection between the lower construction passage and the rock debris of the water diversion tunnel before the underwater rock plug blasting and during the operation period. The sand retaining wall adopts a non-fully enclosed structure and a permeable structure.

[0011] As a preferred option, the diameter of the rock plug and the water diversion tunnel ranges from 5.0 to 20.0 m.

[0012] As a preferred option, the cross-sectional width of the lower construction passage is 2.5 to 4.0 m. The cross-sectional width of the lower construction passage is smaller than the diameter of the water diversion tunnel. It is not a straight line in the plane, but rather an arc or has a large-angle turn.

[0013] As a preferred option, the rock plug and the slag pit are on the same axis, the front section of the water diversion tunnel is connected to the slag pit, and the front section of the water diversion tunnel is inclined along the axis of the slag pit, with the axis of the front section of the water diversion tunnel intersecting the axis of the slag pit.

[0014] As a preferred option, the oblique angle between the axis of the front section of the water diversion tunnel and the axis of the slag collection pit is 10° to 90°.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this utility model are:

[0016] 1. This utility model improves the inlet and outlet structure of conventional pumped storage power stations, enabling precise surveying, pre-reinforcement, and control of rock debris at underwater rock plug inlets and outlets. It directly and effectively controls the entry of underwater rock plug blasting debris into the slag collection pit for disposal and sealing, thus meeting the rock debris control requirements of pumped storage power station inlet and outlet structures. This provides a good construction environment for underwater rock plug blasting construction of pumped storage power station inlets and outlets, improves the stability of the inlet and outlet and surrounding rock during rock plug blasting construction and permanent operation, and optimizes the stability of blasting debris in the slag collection pit during permanent operation. It adapts to the characteristics of underwater rock plug blasting and meets the needs of pumped storage power stations. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a top view of the present invention.

[0019] The following are the labels on the map: 1. Rock plug; 2. Water diversion tunnel; 3. Slag pit; 4. Gate well; 5. Lower construction passage; 6. Auxiliary slag pit; 7. Reservoir; 9. Multifunctional auxiliary tunnel; 10. Pre-reinforced passage; 11. Water intake passage; 12. Water and gas replenishment monitoring passage; 13. Underwater concrete pouring passage; 14. Sand retaining wall. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following embodiments or drawings are used to illustrate this utility model, but are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model.

[0021] A type of underwater rock plug-type inlet and outlet for pumped storage power stations that can adapt to complex conditions, such as... Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the structure includes: a rock plug 1, a water diversion tunnel 2, a slag pit 3, a gate well 4, a lower construction passage 5, a multi-functional auxiliary tunnel 9, a pre-reinforced passage 10, a water intake passage 11, a water and gas replenishment monitoring passage 12, and an underwater concrete pouring passage 13. The water diversion tunnel 2 is connected to the reservoir 7. The slag pit 3 is located on the side of the water diversion tunnel 2 closest to the reservoir 7. The rock plug 1 is located between the slag pit 3 and the reservoir 7. The gate well 4 is connected to the side of the water diversion tunnel 2 away from the reservoir 7. The lower construction passage 5 is located between the middle section of the water diversion tunnel 2 and the tail section of the slag pit 3. The multi-functional auxiliary tunnel 9 is located above the slag pit 3 and is connected to the ground. The pre-reinforced passage 10 is connected to both the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel 9 and the rock plug 1. The water intake passage 11 is connected to both the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel 9 and the reservoir 7. The underwater concrete pouring passage 13 is connected to both the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel 9 and the slag pit 3.

[0022] Before construction, the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel 9 can be used to conduct close-range and precise surveys of the geological conditions of the rock plug 1.

[0023] Furthermore, during construction, the pre-reinforcement channel 10, which connects to the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel 9, can be used to carry out pre-reinforcement operations such as anchoring and grouting support on the rock plug body 1 and the surrounding rock mass to ensure the stability of the rock plug body 1 during construction. Multiple rows of anti-seepage consolidation grouting holes can be arranged to penetrate deep into the rock plug body 1 for reinforcement. This ensures the stability of the rock mass around the rock plug body 1 during and after construction. At the same time, anti-seepage consolidation grouting holes and prestressed anchors are arranged to penetrate deep into the surrounding rock of the rock plug body 1, reaching the connection between the slag pit 3 and the rock plug body 1 and the surrounding rock mass. The prestressed anchors are mainly arranged in the upper part of the rock plug body 1 and the surrounding rock mass.

[0024] The water intake channel 11 and the water and gas replenishment monitoring channel 12 are used to fill the water diversion tunnel 2 and the slag collection pit 3 with water and gas before blasting, and are formed by drilling in the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel 9. The gas replenishment measure can form an air mass zone in front of the rock plug 1, which can control and reduce the peak value of the negative effects of blasting while achieving the penetration function of the broken rock plug 1. The water replenishment measure can form a water zone downstream of the rock plug 1, which can control and reduce the flow and maximum velocity of the water after blasting while ensuring that the rock debris falls into the slag collection pit 3 after the rock plug 1 is broken, thereby controlling the movement range of the rock plug blast debris and keeping it within the slag collection pit 3. Setting up and replenishing water through the water intake channel 11 can reduce the difficulty of water replenishment and save water pumping costs.

[0025] Underwater rock plug blasting creates a flow channel, and blast debris is scattered. The debris collection pit 3, located behind the rock plug body 1, is used to collect the scattered and collapsed debris. The underwater concrete pouring channel 13 is generally formed by drilling before blasting. After the underwater rock plug blasting, the underwater concrete pouring channel 13 provides dry construction space for underwater concrete covering and pouring of blast debris in the debris collection pit 3. After the underwater concrete covering and pouring construction is completed, it can meet the control requirements of the frequent back-and-forth flow of water in the inlet and outlet of the pumped storage project, preventing the debris in the flow channel from being activated by the water flow and entering the pumped storage unit through the water diversion tunnel 2, thus avoiding damage.

[0026] Effective control of the negative effects of underwater blasting and blasting debris is needed to meet the requirements of pumped storage power stations for constructing inlet and outlet structures and functions in existing reservoirs or lakes.

[0027] A sand-trapping sill 14 is installed at the connection point between the lower construction passage 5 and the water diversion tunnel 2. The sand-trapping sill 14 is a solid sealing structure constructed of brick or cast-in-place concrete, 1-5 meters long. It further blocks the flow of rock debris between the lower construction passage 5 and the water diversion tunnel 2 before underwater rock plug blasting and during operation. The sand-trapping sill 14 employs a non-fully enclosed and permeable structure. It effectively prevents water flow during blasting and operation from entering the water diversion tunnel 2 and the downstream generating area, thus blocking rock debris from entering the downstream area of ​​the water diversion tunnel 2. While satisfying the requirements of flow obstruction and preventing rock debris from entering the downstream area, the non-fully enclosed and permeable structure of the sand-trapping sill 14 reduces the head difference and improves structural stability.

[0028] An auxiliary slag collection pit 6 is installed inside the water diversion tunnel 2. Located between the gate well 4 and the lower construction passage 5, the auxiliary slag collection pit 6 is 1-3m wide and 1-3m deep, formed by excavation and casting, and consists of 1-3 pits. The auxiliary slag collection pit 6 is used to further intercept potential rock debris leaking from the slag collection pit 3 and the lower construction passage 5 during blasting and post-blasting operation. It can further control the flow of rock debris in the channel towards the gate and generating units, preventing rock debris from being carried into the gate slot and causing damage to the pumped storage unit by the water flow.

[0029] The diameter of the rock plug 1 and the water diversion tunnel 2 ranges from 5.0 to 20.0 m, and the cross-sectional width of the lower construction passage 5 is 2.5 to 4.0 m. The lower construction passage 5 is designed to allow single-lane passage during the excavation and pouring of the slag pit 3. The cross-sectional width of the lower construction passage 5 should be significantly smaller than the diameter of the water diversion tunnel 2. It should be non-straight in plan view, with an arc or a large-angle turn, to avoid becoming a potential main channel for the movement of rock debris.

[0030] The rock plug 1 and the slag collection pit 3 are on the same axis, facilitating the collection of rock debris and improving collection efficiency. The front section of the water diversion tunnel 2 connects to the slag collection pit 3, and the front section of the water diversion tunnel 2 is inclined along the axis of the slag collection pit 3. The axis of the front section of the water diversion tunnel 2 intersects the axis of the slag collection pit 3, with an oblique angle of 10° to 90°. Based on dynamics and parabolic fall characteristics, it can avoid the rock debris scattered during the blasting of the rock plug 1 and directly enter the front section of the water diversion tunnel 2. During operation, while meeting the water intake requirements of the project, it can significantly reduce the probability of water flow carrying rock debris into the water diversion tunnel 2 and the downstream unit area.

[0031] Construction steps:

[0032] 1. First, excavate the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel 9 to conduct a precise survey of the geological conditions of the pre-designated rock plug 1 and slag pit 3 area and the surrounding rock mass from downstream of the reservoir 7.

[0033] 2. Next, construct the gate well 4, the water diversion tunnel 2, and the auxiliary slag collection pit 6 sequentially from the downstream of reservoir 7;

[0034] 3. Excavate the lower construction passage 5 in the middle section of the water diversion tunnel 2, and then construct the slag collection pit 3 and pour the lining concrete together from the front section of the water diversion tunnel 2 and the lower construction passage 5.

[0035] 4. Construct pre-reinforcement channels 10 at 9 locations in the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel, and use the pre-reinforcement channels 10 to pre-reinforce the rock plug 1 and the surrounding rock.

[0036] 5. Complete the construction of the sand-retaining sill 14 at the end of the lower construction passage 5;

[0037] 6. Construct water intake channels 11, water and gas replenishment monitoring channels 12, and underwater concrete pouring channels 13 at 9 locations in the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel, for preparation of underwater rock plug blasting and subsequent work.

[0038] 7. Carry out underwater rock plug 1 blasting and control the blasted rock debris within the slag collection pit 3;

[0039] 8. Finally, underwater concrete is poured to cover the blasted rock debris in the slag pit 3 through the underwater concrete pouring channel 13.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any way. Any simple modifications or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A type of underwater rock plug-type inlet and outlet for a pumped storage power station adaptable to complex conditions, characterized in that, include: The water diversion tunnel (2), slag pit (3), gate well (4), lower construction passage (5), multi-functional auxiliary tunnel (9), pre-reinforced passage (10), water intake passage (11), water and gas replenishment monitoring passage (12), and underwater concrete pouring passage (13) are connected to the reservoir (7). The slag pit (3) is located on the side of the water diversion tunnel (2) near the reservoir (7). The rock block (1) is located between the slag pit (3) and the reservoir (7). The gate well (4) is located away from the water diversion tunnel (2) from the reservoir. (7) is connected to one side, the lower construction passage (5) is set between the middle section of the water diversion tunnel (2) and the tail section of the slag pit (3), the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel (9) is set above the slag pit (3) and the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel (9) is connected to the ground, the pre-reinforcement passage (10) is connected to the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel (9) and the rock block (1) respectively, the water intake passage (11) is connected to the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel (9) and the reservoir (7) respectively, and the underwater concrete pouring passage (13) is connected to the multi-functional auxiliary tunnel (9) and the slag pit (3) respectively.

2. The underwater rock plug-type inlet and outlet of a pumped storage power station adaptable to complex conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that: An auxiliary slag collection pit (6) is provided inside the water diversion tunnel (2). The auxiliary slag collection pit (6) is located between the gate well (4) and the lower construction passage (5). The auxiliary slag collection pit (6) is 1 to 3 meters wide and 1 to 3 meters deep. The auxiliary slag collection pit (6) is formed by excavation and pouring, and there are 1 to 3 of them.

3. The underwater rock plug-type inlet and outlet of a pumped storage power station adaptable to complex conditions as described in claim 2, characterized in that: A sand-blocking sill (14) is provided at the connection between the end of the lower construction passage (5) and the water diversion tunnel (2).

4. The underwater rock plug-type inlet and outlet of a pumped storage power station adaptable to complex conditions as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The sand retaining wall (14) is a solid sealing structure made of brick or concrete cast in place for 1 to 5 meters. The sand retaining wall (14) is used to further block the connection between the lower construction passage (5) and the water diversion tunnel (2) before the underwater rock plug blasting and during the operation period. The sand retaining wall (14) adopts a non-fully enclosed structure and a permeable structure.

5. The underwater rock plug-type inlet and outlet of a pumped storage power station adaptable to complex conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the rock plug (1) and the water diversion tunnel (2) ranges from 5.0 to 20.0 m.

6. The underwater rock plug-type inlet and outlet of a pumped storage power station adaptable to complex conditions as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The cross-sectional width of the lower construction passage (5) is 2.5 to 4.0 m. The cross-sectional width of the lower construction passage (5) is smaller than the diameter of the water diversion tunnel (2). It is not a straight line in the plane and adopts an arc shape or a large-angle turn.

7. The underwater rock plug-type inlet and outlet of a pumped storage power station adaptable to complex conditions as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The rock plug (1) and the slag pit (3) are on the same axis. The front section of the water diversion tunnel (2) is connected to the slag pit (3), and the front section of the water diversion tunnel (2) is inclined along the axis of the slag pit (3). The axis of the front section of the water diversion tunnel (2) intersects with the axis of the slag pit (3).

8. A submersible rock plug-type inlet / outlet for a pumped storage power station adaptable to complex conditions, as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The oblique angle between the front section axis of the water diversion tunnel (2) and the axis of the slag collection pit (3) is 10° to 90°.

Images