Lever amplification type self-resetting hinged rocking frame-steel frame structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a lever amplification type self-resetting hinged support rocking frame - steel frame structure, including middle column, side column, first lug plate, first pin shaft, second lug plate, lever amplification system and self-resetting displacement type damper, the first pin shaft between the first lug plate and the second lug plate is formed hinged connection with base through the bottom of middle column, the side column is shortened relative to middle column to form structural space, the lever amplification system is set up in the both sides of middle column, including vertical connecting rod, amplification lever and the lug plate and pin shaft structure connected with it, for realizing the transmission and amplification of force and displacement, the upper and lower ends of self-resetting displacement type damper are hinged with amplification lever and base respectively. Through the advantage of combining damper displacement amplification technology and self-resetting technology, the structure can have excellent energy dissipation and self-resetting ability under smaller horizontal displacement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of seismic resistance of building structures, and relates to a lever amplification type self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure. Background Technology

[0002] The self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure system regulates the lateral deformation of the steel frame through the rigid body rotation characteristics of the hinged swing mechanism, effectively eliminating the weak-story phenomenon in traditional steel frame structures. This system achieves post-earthquake reset by incorporating self-resetting elements and employs displacement dampers to enhance the system's energy dissipation capacity, demonstrating significant advantages in controlling residual deformation and concentrating damage. However, existing research indicates that the limited inter-story deformation capacity of traditional steel frame systems restricts the swing amplitude of the hinged swing frame, resulting in limited deformation of the displacement dampers and hindering their effective energy dissipation capabilities. Especially when using conventional displacement dampers, irreversible plastic deformation leads to significant residual displacement accumulation; while using self-resetting dampers improves reset performance, it reduces the energy dissipation efficiency of the structure under small displacement conditions. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a lever-amplified self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure. By combining the advantages of damper displacement amplification technology and self-resetting technology, the structure can have both excellent energy dissipation and self-resetting capabilities under small horizontal displacement.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A lever-amplified self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure includes a central swing rigid frame, a lever amplification system, and a self-resetting displacement damper.

[0006] The central column and side columns form a central swaying rigid frame through multiple sets of crossbeams, and the lever amplification system and self-resetting displacement damper are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central column.

[0007] The bottom of the central column is hinged to the foundation via a first pin between the first and second ear plates; the side columns are shortened relative to the central column to form a structural space; the lever amplification system is set on both sides of the central column, including vertical connecting rods, amplification levers and multiple sets of ear plates and pin structures connected to them, for the transmission and amplification of force and displacement; the self-resetting displacement damper is hinged to the amplification levers and the foundation at its upper and lower ends, respectively.

[0008] Preferably, the upper end of the vertical connecting rod is hinged to the side post via a second pin between the third and fourth ear plates.

[0009] Preferably, one end of the amplifying lever is connected to the third pin between the fifth ear plate, the sixth ear plate and the vertical connecting rod, and the other end is hinged to the triangular support frame through the seventh ear plate and the fourth pin.

[0010] Furthermore, the triangular support frame includes H-shaped steel short columns, clamping plates, a seventh base plate and an eighth base plate. The H-shaped steel short columns are connected to each other through the clamping plates. The seventh ear plate is welded to the top of the H-shaped steel short column (30) through the eighth base plate. The bottom is connected and fixed to the foundation through the seventh base plate.

[0011] Preferably, the upper end of the self-resetting displacement damper is connected to the amplifying lever via the eighth ear plate, the ninth ear plate, and the fifth pin, and the lower end is connected to the foundation via the tenth ear plate, the eleventh ear plate, and the sixth pin.

[0012] Preferably, the crossbeams are arranged in multiple layers between the central column and the side column, and stiffening ribs are provided on the crossbeams to enhance the rigidity of the central swaying rigid frame.

[0013] Preferably, both the central column and the side columns are H-shaped steel components. The central column is provided with a first central column stiffening rib in the horizontal direction and a second central column stiffening rib in the vertical direction, and the side columns are provided with a first side column stiffening rib in the horizontal direction and a second side column stiffening rib in the vertical direction.

[0014] Preferably, the diagonal bracing is installed between each layer, with the bottom layer using an inverted herringbone arrangement.

[0015] Preferably, diagonal bracing is provided between the side columns and the beams of each floor.

[0016] Preferably, bolt holes are provided in the base plate and it is connected to the foundation using high-strength bolts.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] This invention constructs a controllable swaying mechanism through a hinged node at the bottom of the central column: under seismic action, the swaying frame rotates around this node in a rigid body response; simultaneously, the lever amplification system, through displacement gain effect, can generate significant energy dissipation capacity even with small horizontal displacements, thereby synergistically reducing the structural seismic response and suppressing the development of plastic deformation in the steel frame. The displacement-type self-resetting damper possesses excellent residual deformation control characteristics, with its post-earthquake residual deformation approaching zero; the generated excess restoring force is amplified and transmitted to the main structure through the lever system, forming an additional restoring torque, significantly improving the overall structure's post-earthquake deformation recovery capacity. The structural seismic energy dissipation is concentrated in the displacement-type self-resetting damper, allowing for rapid restoration of the structure's functionality after an earthquake without the need for repair or with only the replacement of the self-resetting damper. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is the front view of the lever-enlarged self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the lever-enlarged self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ear plate-pin hinge point of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the base plate of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the magnified system of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the H-shaped short column of this utility model.

[0025] The components are: 1. Central column, 2. Side column, 3. Crossbeam, 4. Diagonal brace, 5. First side column stiffening rib, 6. Crossbeam stiffening rib, 7. First central column stiffening rib, 8. Second central column stiffening rib, 9. First base plate, 10. First ear plate, 11. First pin, 12. Second ear plate, 13. Second base plate, 14. Second side column stiffening rib, 15. Third base plate, 16. Third ear plate, 17. Second pin, 18. Fourth ear plate, 19. Fourth base plate, 20. Vertical connecting rod, 21. Fifth base plate. 22. Fifth ear plate, 23. Third pin, 24. Sixth ear plate, 25. Sixth base plate, 26. Seventh ear plate, 27. Fourth pin, 28. Eighth base plate, 29. Clamping plate, 30. H-beam short column, 31. Seventh base plate, 32. Enlarging lever, 33. Ninth base plate, 34. Eighth ear plate, 35. Fifth pin, 36. Ninth ear plate, 37. Self-resetting displacement damper, 38. Tenth ear plate, 39. Sixth pin, 40. Eleventh ear plate, 41. Tenth base plate. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0027] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms “installation,” “connection,” and “linkage” should be interpreted broadly, for example, as a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication; a direct connection or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium; or a connection within two elements or an interaction between two elements. The term “and / or” as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention.

[0029] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0030] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of this invention. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples; such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, examples of various specific processes and materials are provided in this invention, but those skilled in the art will recognize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment illustrates a lever-amplified self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure, which includes a central swing rigid frame, two symmetrically arranged lever amplification systems, and a self-resetting displacement damper 37. In conjunction with the claims and the accompanying drawings, the implementation of this structural system will be described in full detail below.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the central swaying rigid frame consists of a central column 1, two side columns 2 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central column 1, multiple layers of crossbeams 3 connecting the central column 1 and the side columns 2, and diagonal braces 4 in each layer. The bottom of the central column 1 is connected to the foundation through a hinged joint consisting of a first ear plate 10, a second ear plate 12, and a first pin 11, with the rotation plane of this joint coinciding with the structural plane. The first ear plate 10 is welded to the bottom of the central column 1 through a first base plate 9, and the second ear plate 12 is welded to the foundation through a second base plate 13, thereby achieving stable support and rigid rotation of the central column 1.

[0033] The height of the side column 2 is reduced by half the height of the ground floor compared to the central column 1 to provide structural space for the installation of the lever amplification system. The central column 1, side column 2, crossbeam 3, and diagonal brace 4 are all made of H-beams. Furthermore, a first horizontal central column stiffening rib 7 and a second vertical central column stiffening rib 8 are welded to the central column 1; a first horizontal side column stiffening rib 5 and a second vertical side column stiffening rib 14 are welded to the side column 2; and a crossbeam stiffening rib 6 is welded to the crossbeam 3 to enhance its load-bearing capacity and improve the overall structural stability.

[0034] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, two symmetrically arranged lever amplification systems are respectively set on both sides of the central swing frame. Each lever amplification system includes a vertical connecting rod 20, a triangular support frame, and an amplifying lever 32. The upper end of the vertical connecting rod 20 is hinged to the side post 2 through the third ear plate 16, the fourth ear plate 18, and the second pin 17. The third ear plate 16 is welded to the side post 2 through the third base plate 15, and the fourth ear plate 18 is welded to the upper end of the vertical connecting rod 20 through the fourth base plate 19. The lower end of the vertical connecting rod 20 is connected to the amplifying lever 32 through the fifth ear plate 22, the fifth base plate 21, and the third pin 23. The sixth ear plate 24 is welded to the amplifying lever 32 through the sixth base plate 25, and together with the fifth ear plate 22, it is inserted into the third pin 23 to form a rotatable connection.

[0035] Both the vertical connecting rod 20 and the amplifying lever 32 adopt a box-shaped cross-section to improve their bending stiffness and meet the requirements of force transmission and deformation amplification. The amplifying lever 32 forms a rotation fulcrum with the triangular support structure through the fourth pin 27.

[0036] The triangular support frame includes a seventh ear plate 26 and a pair of H-shaped steel short columns 30. During processing, the upper part of the H-shaped steel short columns 30 is cut into an Γ-shape, and clamping plates 29 are welded to both sides of the middle section to form a stable connection. The bottom is welded to the foundation via a seventh base plate 31. The seventh ear plate 26 is welded to the top of the H-shaped steel short columns 30 via an eighth base plate 28. The seventh ear plate 26, together with the fourth pin 27, forms the rotation fulcrum of the amplifying lever 32.

[0037] The key dimensional relationships of the above lever amplification system are: the amplification factor depends on... l 1 / l 2, of which l 1 represents the distance between the center points of pins 23 and 27. l 2 represents the distance between the center points of pins 27 and 35; simultaneously, it should meet the following requirements. l 1≥ θl Condition 3, where, θ The rotation angle of the frame during an earthquake. l 3 represents the length of the bottom diagonal brace 4. By adjusting the geometric parameters, the displacement amplification capability of the system can be significantly improved, maximizing the lever effect.

[0038] The self-resetting displacement damper 37 is hinged to the amplifying lever 32 and the foundation at its upper and lower ends, respectively. Its upper end is connected to the amplifying lever 32 via the eighth ear plate 34, the ninth ear plate 36, and the fifth pin 35. The eighth ear plate 34 is welded to the end of the amplifying lever 32 via the ninth base plate 33, and the ninth ear plate 36 is welded to the upper end of the self-resetting displacement damper 37. The lower end of the self-resetting displacement damper 37 is hinged to the foundation via the tenth ear plate 38, the eleventh ear plate 40, and the sixth pin 39. The eleventh ear plate 40 is fixed to the foundation via the tenth base plate 41, forming a hinge.

[0039] Bolt holes are provided in the second base plate 13, the seventh base plate 31, and the tenth base plate 41, which are then fixed to the foundation with high-strength bolts to ensure a firm and reliable connection. Q355 steel is uniformly selected as the material for all components in the system to ensure that the components remain in an elastic state under seismic disturbances and to avoid plastic failure.

[0040] Through this lever-amplified self-resetting hinged swing frame structure system, under seismic load, the central swing rigid frame can rotate rigidly around the first pin 11, and the resulting horizontal displacement is amplified and transmitted to the self-resetting displacement damper 37 through the lever system, so that it can play a sufficient energy dissipation role under a small displacement. At the same time, since the self-resetting displacement damper 37 is self-resetting, it has the characteristics of small residual deformation and strong recovery ability, which can minimize the residual deformation after the earthquake and facilitate the rapid repair of the structure after the earthquake.

[0041] Furthermore, by adjusting the mechanical performance parameters and lever geometry parameters of the self-resetting displacement damper 37, the self-resetting capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the structure can be actively controlled, enabling it to have good adaptability under different seismic intensities. The structural seismic energy dissipation is concentrated at the self-resetting displacement damper 37, while the main structural part can maintain an elastic or slightly deformed state. After an earthquake, only the damaged self-resetting displacement damper 37 needs to be replaced to quickly restore the structural function, significantly improving the maintainability and economy of engineering applications.

[0042] The installation method for the above-mentioned lever-amplified self-resetting hinged swayback frame-steel frame structure includes the following steps:

[0043] I. Assembly of the central swaying rigid frame.

[0044] The installation of the central column 1 is completed on the foundation platform. The bottom of the central column is welded with the first ear plate 10 through the first base plate 9. The second ear plate 12 is fixed to the foundation through the second base plate 13 and is hinged to the central column 1 through the first pin 11 to form a swingable node.

[0045] Two side columns 2 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central column 1 and reinforced by the first side column stiffening rib 5 and the second side column stiffening rib 14.

[0046] Multi-layered beams 3 are welded between the central column 1 and the side column 2, and stiffening ribs 6 are provided on the beams to enhance the rigidity of the components.

[0047] Diagonal bracing 4 is arranged between each layer. The bottom layer adopts an inverted herringbone shape, while the upper layer has the opposite direction of the diagonal bracing. It is welded to the central column 1 and the side column 2 to form a stable structure.

[0048] II. Assembly of the lever amplification system.

[0049] Install the vertical connecting rod 20: The upper end is welded to the side post 2 and the vertical connecting rod 20 respectively through the third ear plate 16 and the fourth ear plate 18, and is hinged with the second pin 17; the lower end is welded to the vertical connecting rod 20 and the amplifying lever 32 respectively through the fifth ear plate 22 and the sixth ear plate 24, and is connected by inserting the third pin 23.

[0050] Install the triangular support frame: install two H-shaped steel short columns 30 vertically on the foundation, connect them into a whole through the clamping plate 29, and fix them with the seventh base plate 31; the seventh ear plate 26 is welded to the top of the H-shaped steel short column 30 through the eighth base plate 28, providing a rotation fulcrum for the magnifying lever 32.

[0051] Install the magnifying lever 32: one end is hinged to the vertical connecting rod 20, and the middle of the lever is connected to the seventh ear plate 26 through the fourth pin 27 to form the fulcrum of the lever action; the magnifying lever 32 has reserved pin holes to meet the assembly requirements of each pin, and the installation position is adjusted to achieve the design magnification ratio.

[0052] III. Assembly of self-resetting displacement damper 37.

[0053] The upper end is hinged to the eighth ear plate 34 and the ninth ear plate 36, respectively welded to the end of the amplifying lever 32 and the upper end of the damper, and connected by the fifth pin 35.

[0054] The lower end is hinged to the eleventh ear plate 40 via the tenth ear plate 38, and is welded to the lower end of the self-resetting displacement damper 37 and the foundation respectively. The eleventh ear plate 40 is fixed to the foundation via the tenth base plate 41, and the hinge is achieved by inserting the sixth pin 39.

[0055] IV. Overall system connectivity check.

[0056] Confirm that all pins are inserted correctly and that the ear plate holes are in the correct positions; check the quality of the ear plate, base plate, and welds to ensure there are no welding defects; level the structure and, if necessary, adjust the position of the vertical connecting rod 20 and the amplifying lever 32 to ensure system stability.

[0057] V. Acceptance preparation.

[0058] After assembly, perform overall system function tests, such as whether the central rocking rigid frame can rotate smoothly around the pin 11; check whether the amplified displacement of the lever system is effectively transmitted to the self-resetting displacement damper 37, and whether the self-resetting displacement damper 37 has a self-resetting function; verify whether all connection parts are securely fastened, and whether the overall system meets the design expectations.

[0059] In addition, the system has advantages such as convenient construction, clear structure and easy maintenance. It is suitable for seismic design of steel structure buildings in high-intensity seismic zones and can be widely used in industrial plants, commercial buildings and high-rise steel structures, and has broad promotion value.

[0060] The sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0061] In the above embodiments of this application, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0062] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For instance, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between units or modules may be electrical or other forms.

[0063] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0064] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

[0065] It should be understood that the above description is for illustrative purposes and not for limitation. Many embodiments and applications beyond the provided examples will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of this patent should not be determined by reference to the above description, but rather by reference to the foregoing claims and the full scope of their equivalents. For purposes of completeness, all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are incorporated herein by reference. The omission of any aspect of the subject matter disclosed herein in the foregoing claims is not intended as a waiver of that subject matter, nor should it be construed as an indication that the applicant has not considered that subject matter as part of the disclosed utility model subject matter.

Claims

1. A lever-amplified self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure, characterized in that, Including a central swaying rigid frame, a lever amplification system and a self-resetting displacement damper (37). The central column (1) and the side column (2) form a central swaying rigid frame through multiple sets of crossbeams (3). The lever amplification system and the self-resetting displacement damper (37) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central column (1). The bottom of the central column (1) is hinged to the foundation through the first pin (11) between the first ear plate (10) and the second ear plate (12); the side column (2) is shortened relative to the central column (1) to form a structural space; the lever amplification system is set on both sides of the central column (1), including a vertical connecting rod (20), an amplification lever (32) and multiple sets of ear plates and pin structures connected thereto, for the purpose of transmitting and amplifying force and displacement; the self-resetting displacement damper (37) is hinged to the amplification lever (32) and the foundation at its upper and lower ends respectively.

2. The lever-amplified self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the vertical connecting rod (20) is hinged to the side post (2) through the second pin (17) between the third ear plate (16) and the fourth ear plate (18).

3. The lever-amplified self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the amplifying lever (32) is connected to the third pin (23) between the fifth ear plate (22), the sixth ear plate (24) and the vertical connecting rod (20), and the other end is hinged to the triangular support frame through the seventh ear plate (26) and the fourth pin (27).

4. The lever-amplified self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The triangular support frame includes H-shaped steel short columns (30), clamping plates (29), a seventh base plate (31) and an eighth base plate (28). The H-shaped steel short columns (30) are connected to each other through clamping plates (29). The seventh ear plate (26) is welded to the top of the H-shaped steel short columns (30) through the eighth base plate (28). The bottom is connected and fixed to the foundation through the seventh base plate (31).

5. The lever-amplified self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the self-resetting displacement damper (37) is connected to the amplifying lever (32) through the eighth ear plate (34), the ninth ear plate (36) and the fifth pin (35), and the lower end is connected to the foundation through the tenth ear plate (38), the eleventh ear plate (40) and the sixth pin (39).

6. The lever-amplified self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The beams (3) are arranged in multiple layers between the central column (1) and the side column (2), and the beam stiffening ribs (6) are provided to enhance the stiffness of the central swaying rigid frame.

7. The lever-amplified self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the central column (1) and the side column (2) are H-shaped steel components. The central column (1) is provided with a first central column stiffening rib (7) in the horizontal direction and a second central column stiffening rib (8) in the vertical direction. The side column (2) is provided with a first side column stiffening rib (5) in the horizontal direction and a second side column stiffening rib (14) in the vertical direction.

8. The lever-amplified self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Diagonal bracing (4) is installed between each layer, with the bottom layer using an inverted herringbone arrangement.

9. The lever-amplified self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Diagonal bracing (4) is provided between the side column (2) and the horizontal beam (3) of each floor.

10. The lever-amplified self-resetting hinged swing frame-steel frame structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Bolt holes are made in the base plate and it is connected to the foundation with high-strength bolts.

Images