Roadway surrounding rock supporting anchor rod with shear-resistant structure

Abstract

A shear-resistant rock support anchor bolt for roadways includes a tray with a central opening. The tray protrudes to one side from its center, and a ball-shaped pad is placed at the opening on the protruding side. An anchor bolt passes through the center of the ball-shaped pad. A nut is placed at the end of the anchor bolt away from the tray, and a rigid washer and a deformable washer are fitted between the nut and the ball-shaped pad. A shear-resistant tube is also fitted onto the anchor bolt, and an expansion port is provided at the end of the shear-resistant tube near the nut, flush with the end of the ball-shaped pad. An annular groove matching the expansion port is provided at the end of the ball-shaped pad near the nut. By flaring the shear-resistant tube and then using a pre-fabricated annular groove structure on the ball-shaped pad, the shear-resistant tube can be positioned during installation. The washer, when compressed, can also limit the position of the shear-resistant tube, and the annular groove further restricts the position of the shear-resistant tube along the length of the anchor bolt.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of anchor bolt support technology, specifically to an anchor bolt for roadway surrounding rock support with a shear-resistant structure. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional rock bolt support systems (such as threaded steel anchors and fiberglass anchors), the unevenness of the surrounding rock surface results in a 10°-30° construction angle between the anchor bolt hole and the rock surface. During construction, the anchor bolt tray is pressed tightly against the surrounding rock surface. Due to the angle between the anchor bolt and the rock, the tray hole exerts a shearing force on the threaded section of the anchor bolt during the pre-tightening process. The larger the angle, the more easily the anchor bolt is subjected to the shearing force of the tray hole, leading to the anchor bolt body (threaded section) failing due to lateral shearing at the junction of the tray and the ball bearing pad.

[0003] When the surface of the surrounding rock is not smooth, the tray slips during the pre-tightening of the anchor bolt, causing concentrated stress to form at the borehole opening. Shearing at the borehole opening can also cause the anchor bolt to break.

[0004] Conventional anchor bolts have the following defects:

[0005] 1) The anchor bolt has no shear-resistant structural components, so it cannot avoid the shearing problem of the bolt body at the orifice caused by the deformation of the surrounding rock;

[0006] 2) The threaded part of the rod becomes a weak point due to work hardening effect. When the surrounding rock surface is not ideal, the interaction between the tray and the ball pad creates a shearing phenomenon, which leads to the breakage of the threaded section of the anchor rod.

[0007] The installation position of conventional shear pipes is not fixed, and the shear pipes slide up and down along the anchor rods. During construction, the installation position of the shear pipes cannot be accurately predicted, and the shear structure cannot form an integrated shear structure with the ball pad and the tray, resulting in unsatisfactory shear resistance. Utility Model Content

[0008] To address the problem of difficulty in directly locating the shear-resistant pipe during installation, this invention provides a roadway surrounding rock support anchor bolt with a shear-resistant structure.

[0009] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0010] A roadway surrounding rock support anchor bolt with shear resistance structure includes a tray with a central opening, the center of the tray protruding to one side, and a ball pad provided at the opening on the protruding side of the tray, with the anchor bolt passing through the center of the ball pad;

[0011] The anchor rod has a nut at the end of the ball pad away from the tray, and a rigid washer and a deformable washer are sleeved between the nut and the ball pad.

[0012] The anchor rod is also fitted with a shear-resistant tube, and the end of the shear-resistant tube near the nut is provided with an expansion port, which is flush with the end of the ball pad. The end of the ball pad near the nut is provided with an annular groove that matches the expansion port.

[0013] By flaring the anti-shear tube and then setting a pre-made matching annular groove structure on the ball pad, the anti-shear tube can be positioned during installation. The method is to push the anti-shear tube to move after tightening the nut on the washer until the washer contacts the ball pad. At this time, the flared end of the anti-shear tube can also reach the preset position and complete the positioning.

[0014] To avoid misalignment, the expansion port cannot pass through the through hole of the ball pad.

[0015] To achieve shear resistance, the end of the shear-resistant tube furthest from the nut is positioned relative to the outer edge of the tray.

[0016] To accommodate different mounting surfaces, the contact surface between the ball pad and the tray is spherical and can be offset relative to the central axis of the tray within a certain angle.

[0017] To prevent movement, the inner and outer sides of the shear-resistant tube are respectively fitted to the anchor rod and the ball pad.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the deformable shim is disposed on the side closer to the ball pad relative to the rigid shim.

[0019] To prevent the deformable shim from directly entering the annular groove, the projection of the deformable shim along the length of the anchor rod is set larger than the annular groove.

[0020] The aforementioned expansion port and annular groove are designed to fit together such that the outer edge of the expansion port away from the anchor rod is located inside the annular groove and does not contact the inner wall of the annular groove.

[0021] To avoid the annular groove affecting the structural strength, the depth of the annular groove is no greater than the thickness of the deformable gasket.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment, the rigid gasket is made of iron, and the deformable gasket is made of a polymer material.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model is a roadway surrounding rock support anchor with a shear-resistant structure. It adds a shear-resistant tube to the original anchor. Although the setting of the shear-resistant tube is described in the previous patent application of our company, it is improved to address the shortcomings of easy displacement and inability to determine its position during installation. By setting the expansion port and the annular groove, it can be positioned synchronously after the gasket is compressed and aligned with the end of the ball pad, thereby avoiding displacement after installation. In addition, the setting of the deformable gasket allows it to have a certain deformation capacity. After the deformable gasket is deformed, it will also enter the annular groove to compress the expansion port. Moreover, the deformed gasket can reduce the friction between metals. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The advantages and solutions of this application will become clear to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this invention.

[0025] In the attached diagram:

[0026] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Partial structural diagram;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the shear-resistant tube structure of this utility model;

[0030] The components represented by the various reference numerals in the diagram are:

[0031] 1. Nut; 2. Rigid washer; 3. Deformable washer; 4. Ball washer; 41. Annular groove; 5. Shear tube; 51. Expansion port; 6. Tray; 7. Anchor bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Example

[0033] like Figure 1-3 The rock bolt for roadway surrounding rock support with shear resistance structure shown includes a tray 6 with a central opening, which increases the contact area. Its structure will not be described in detail. To adapt to various mounting surfaces, the center of the tray 6 protrudes to one side, and a ball pad 4 is provided at the opening on the protruding side of the tray 6. Similarly, to adapt to different mounting surfaces, the contact surface between the ball pad 4 and the tray 6 is spherical, thus allowing it to be offset relative to the central axis of the tray 6 within a certain angle. Figure 3As shown in the diagram, even if the mounting surface is tilted, it will not have a significant impact on the structure. Furthermore, the above structure has been described in our company's previous patent applications, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0034] Subsequently, an anchor rod 7 is installed through the center of the ball pad 4, and a nut 1 is installed at the end of the anchor rod 7 on the side of the ball pad 4 away from the tray 6. A rigid washer 2 and a deformable washer 3 are sleeved between the anchor rod 7 and the nut 1 and the ball pad 4. In a preferred embodiment, the rigid washer 2 is made of iron, and the deformable washer 3 is made of polymer material. In use, the rigid washer 2 will not deform under the pressure of the nut 1, but the deformable washer 3 will deform under greater pressure.

[0035] Based on the above structure, furthermore, the anchor rod 7 is also sleeved with a shear-resistant tube 5, and importantly, as shown... Figure 4 As shown, the anti-shear tube 5 is provided with an expansion port 51 at the end near the nut 1, and the expansion port 51 is flush with the end of the ball pad 4. Therefore, after installation, due to the change in shape, the installed anti-shear tube 5 will be fixed in a fixed position flush with the ball pad 4 under the limitation of the expansion port 51, thereby ensuring the controllability of the installation position. Then, the ball pad 4 is provided with an annular groove 41 that matches the expansion port 51 at one end near the nut 1. The annular groove 41 can avoid the expansion port 51 by giving way and accommodate it and position it.

[0036] It should also be noted that in the above structure, in order to avoid misalignment, the expansion port cannot pass through the through hole of the ball pad 4. Therefore, during the use of the anchor, by tightening the nut 1, the rigid pad 2 and the deformable pad 3 can be moved until they contact the ball pad 4. At this time, the end of the shear tube 5 can be limited, and the shear tube 5 cannot move along the length of the anchor rod.

[0037] It should also be noted that, in order to achieve the shear resistance effect, the end of the shear-resistant tube 5 furthest from the nut 1 is positioned relative to the outer edge of the tray 6. Therefore, as... Figure 3 As shown, the shear-resistant tube 5 can play a shear-resistant role at the preset position, so there is no need to worry about the shear-resistant effect deteriorating due to changes in its position during installation or use.

[0038] Subsequently, to prevent movement, the inner and outer sides of the anti-shear tube 5 are respectively fitted with the anchor rod 7 and the ball pad 4. That is to say, after the nut 1 is tightened, the anti-shear tube 5 will be limited to the preset position and cannot move.

[0039] Based on the above structure, by flaring the anti-shear tube 5, it can be limited by the ball pad 4 during its movement along the anchor rod 7. Then, by setting a pre-made matching annular groove 41 structure in the ball pad 4, the anti-shear tube 5 can be positioned during installation, and after being moved, the expansion port 51 can be accommodated without the external protrusion affecting the installation. The method is to push the anti-shear tube 5 to move after the nut 1 presses the washer until the washer abuts against the ball pad 4. At this time, the expansion port 51 of the anti-shear tube 5 can also reach the preset position and complete the positioning. At this time, the anti-shear tube 5 can be locked in position, and it will be unable to move or rotate.

[0040] Subsequently, as a preferred embodiment, based on the above structure, the deformable gasket 3 is disposed on the side closer to the ball pad 4 relative to the rigid gasket 2, and the deformable gasket 3, after being deformed under pressure, can cooperate with the expansion port 51 and the annular groove 41 to produce a better locking effect.

[0041] Furthermore, in the above structure, in order to prevent the deformable shim 3 from directly entering the annular groove 41, the projection of the deformable shim 3 along the length direction of the anchor rod 7 is set to be larger than the annular groove 41. That is to say, during the normal tightening of the nut 1, the deformable shim 3 will not directly enter the annular groove 41, thereby preventing it from failing to function.

[0042] Based on this, in order to avoid the annular groove 41 affecting the structural strength, the depth of the annular groove 41 is not greater than the thickness of the deformable shim 3. This setting ensures that after being compressed, the deformable shim 3 will not fall completely into the annular groove 41 and thus be unable to withstand the elastic deformation effect, enabling the anchor to have a certain deformation capacity. The way the expansion port 51 cooperates with the annular groove 41 is that the outer edge of the expansion port 51 away from the anchor rod 7 is located inside the annular groove 41 and does not contact the inner wall of the annular groove 41. In other words, a certain space is reserved to ensure that under extreme conditions, if the deformable shim 3 is compressed beyond the limit, it can deform and enter the annular groove 41. However, after deformation, it can press the expansion port 51 and cooperate with the annular groove 41 to limit its position, thereby obtaining a better positioning effect of the shear tube 5.

Claims

1. A roadway surrounding rock support anchor with shear-resistant structure, characterized in that, The tray (6) includes a central opening, the middle of which protrudes to one side, and a ball pad (4) is provided at the opening on the protruding side of the tray (6), and an anchor rod (7) is provided through the center of the ball pad (4). The anchor rod (7) is provided with a nut (1) at the end of the ball pad (4) away from the tray (6), and a rigid washer (2) and a deformable washer (3) are sleeved between the nut (1) and the ball pad (4). The anchor rod (7) is also fitted with a shear tube (5), and the end of the shear tube (5) near the nut (1) is provided with an expansion port (51), and the expansion port (51) is flush with the end of the ball pad (4). The end of the ball pad (4) near the nut (1) is provided with an annular groove (41) adapted to the expansion port (51).

2. The roadway surrounding rock support anchor bolt with shear-resistant structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expansion port (51) cannot pass through the through hole of the ball pad (4).

3. The roadway surrounding rock support anchor bolt with shear-resistant structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shear tube (5) is positioned at the end away from the nut (1) and extends outward relative to the tray (6).

4. The roadway surrounding rock support anchor bolt with shear-resistant structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contact surface between the ball pad (4) and the tray (6) is a spherical surface, and it can be offset relative to the central axis of the tray (6) within a certain angle.

5. A roadway surrounding rock support anchor with shear-resistant structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner and outer sides of the shear-resistant tube (5) are respectively fitted to the anchor rod (7) and the ball pad (4).

6. A roadway surrounding rock support anchor with shear-resistant structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deformable shim (3) is positioned on the side closest to the ball pad (4) relative to the rigid shim (2).

7. A roadway surrounding rock support anchor bolt with shear-resistant structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The projection of the deformable gasket (3) along the length of the anchor rod (7) is greater than that of the annular groove (41).

8. A roadway surrounding rock support anchor bolt with shear-resistant structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The outer edge of the expansion port (51) away from the anchor rod (7) is located in the annular groove (41) and does not contact the inner wall of the annular groove (41).

9. A roadway surrounding rock support anchor bolt with shear-resistant structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The depth of the annular groove (41) is not greater than the thickness of the deformable gasket (3).

10. A roadway surrounding rock support anchor with a shear-resistant structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rigid gasket (2) is made of iron, and the deformable gasket (3) is made of polymer material.

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