Solar cell module
By using metal oxide conductive films or metal conductive films as electrode leads, the aging problem of pressure-sensitive adhesive is avoided, the conductivity of the electrode leads and the stability of the battery module are improved, and it is suitable for narrow bezel and flexible packaging processes.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HEFEI BOE SOLAR TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
Smart Images
Figure CN224386067U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of new energy technology, and in particular to a solar cell module. Background Technology
[0002] A solar cell is a photoelectric semiconductor energy conversion device that directly generates electricity using sunlight. To improve performance, multiple solar cells are usually connected in series to form a solar cell module with a higher output voltage.
[0003] In related technologies, a solar cell module includes multiple solar cells connected in series and two electrode leads. The multiple solar cells connected in series have an anode and a cathode at each end, and both the anode and cathode are connected to an anode layer, which is the layer containing the anodes of the multiple solar cells. The two electrode leads are both connected to the anode layer, and through the anode layer, they connect to the anode and cathode respectively.
[0004] The electrode leads are made of conductive tape, which is bonded to the anode layer via pressure-sensitive adhesive. The pressure-sensitive adhesive is prone to aging during use, which affects the electrical performance. Utility Model Content
[0005] This disclosure provides a solar cell module that avoids the impact of pressure-sensitive adhesive aging on electrical performance. The technical solution is as follows:
[0006] In a first aspect, a solar cell module is provided, comprising: a plurality of solar cells, a first electrode lead, and a second electrode lead.
[0007] The solar cell comprises a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode stacked sequentially.
[0008] The first electrode lead is connected to the first electrode of the first solar cell, and the second electrode lead is connected to the second electrode of the second solar cell; the first solar cell and the second solar cell are the first and last two of the plurality of solar cells, respectively;
[0009] Both the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead are metal oxide conductive thin film leads, metal conductive thin film leads, or stacked leads of metal oxide conductive thin film and metal conductive thin film.
[0010] Optionally, both the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead include a stacked first layer and a second layer, wherein the first layer is on the same layer as the first electrode of the plurality of solar cells, and the second layer is on the same layer as the second electrode of the plurality of solar cells.
[0011] Optionally, the first layer of the first electrode lead is integrally disposed with the first electrode of the first solar cell, and the second layer of the first electrode lead is disposed spaced apart from the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode of the first solar cell.
[0012] or,
[0013] The solar cell module also includes a sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer;
[0014] The first layer of the first electrode lead is integrally formed with the first electrode of the first solar cell. The sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer is located on the first layer of the first electrode lead and is spaced apart from the first solar cell. The second layer of the first electrode lead covers the surface of the sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer and the sidewall away from the first solar cell.
[0015] Optionally, the first layer of the second electrode lead is spaced apart from the first electrode of the second solar cell, and the second layer of the second electrode lead is integrally formed with the second electrode of the second solar cell, and covers the photoelectric conversion layer of the second solar cell away from the sidewall of the first solar cell.
[0016] Optionally, the thickness of the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead is less than 40 μm.
[0017] Optionally, the photoelectric conversion layer includes a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, and an electron transport layer sequentially stacked on the first electrode;
[0018] Alternatively, the photoelectric conversion layer may include an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a hole transport layer sequentially stacked on the first electrode.
[0019] Optionally, the solar cell module further includes: a substrate and an encapsulation structure;
[0020] The plurality of solar cells, the first electrode lead, and the second electrode lead are located on the substrate, and the encapsulation structure covers the plurality of solar cells, the first electrode lead, the second electrode lead, and the substrate;
[0021] One end of the first electrode lead and one end of the second electrode lead extend outside the package structure.
[0022] Optionally, the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead are two parallel leads;
[0023] Alternatively, the first electrode lead may include a first portion and a second portion connected together, the first portion of the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead being parallel to each other, and the second portion of the first electrode lead extending toward the second electrode lead.
[0024] Optionally, the encapsulation structure includes an encapsulation layer disposed on the side of the second electrode away from the substrate. The encapsulation layer includes an inorganic layer and an organic layer that are alternately stacked. The inorganic layer and the organic layer cover a plurality of solar cells, at least a portion of the first electrode lead, and at least a portion of the second electrode lead.
[0025] Optionally, the solar cell module further includes a dam portion disposed on the side of the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead away from the solar cell, and the encapsulation structure is connected to the dam portion.
[0026] Secondly, a method for manufacturing a solar cell module is provided, including:
[0027] Multiple solar cells, first electrode leads, and second electrode leads are fabricated. The solar cells include a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode stacked sequentially.
[0028] The first electrode lead is connected to the first electrode of the first solar cell, and the second electrode lead is connected to the second electrode of the second solar cell; the first solar cell and the second solar cell are the first and last two of the plurality of solar cells, respectively;
[0029] Wherein, the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead are both metal oxide conductive thin film leads, metal conductive thin film leads, or stacked leads of metal oxide conductive thin film and metal conductive thin film.
[0030] Optionally, the fabrication of multiple solar cells, first electrode leads, and second electrode leads includes:
[0031] The first electrode layer is fabricated, and the first electrode layer is patterned for the first time to obtain the first electrode of the plurality of solar cells, the first layer of the first electrode lead, and the first layer of the second electrode lead;
[0032] A photoelectric conversion layer is formed on the first electrode layer, and the photoelectric conversion layer is patterned a second time;
[0033] A second electrode layer is formed on the photoelectric conversion layer, and the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode layer are patterned a third time to obtain the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode of the plurality of solar cells, as well as the second layer of the first electrode lead and the second layer of the first electrode lead; the second layer is stacked on the first layer;
[0034] Edge clearing is performed through a fourth graphical processing step.
[0035] Optionally, the photoelectric conversion layer is patterned a second time, including:
[0036] The photoelectric conversion layer is laser scribing to form multiple grooves, a first filling groove, and a second filling groove. The grooves are used for the second electrode of the solar cell to pass through to connect to the first electrode of the adjacent solar cell. The first filling groove and the second filling groove are respectively used to accommodate the second layer of the first electrode lead and the second layer of the first electrode lead.
[0037] Optionally, the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode layer are patterned a third time, including:
[0038] Laser scribing is performed on the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode layer along the sidewall of the first filling groove near the second filling groove to form the first electrode lead;
[0039] Alternatively, laser scribing can be performed on the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode layer between the sidewall of the first filling groove near the second filling groove and the groove of the first solar cell to form the first electrode lead and the sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer.
[0040] Optionally, the edge clearing process performed through the fourth graphical processing includes:
[0041] Laser edge cleaning is performed on the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode layer along the sidewall of the first filling groove away from the second filling groove, and along the sidewall of the second filling groove away from the first filling groove.
[0042] Optionally, it also includes:
[0043] A substrate is provided, on which the plurality of solar cells, the first electrode lead, and the second electrode lead are located;
[0044] An encapsulation structure is fabricated, the encapsulation structure covering a plurality of solar cells, at least a portion of the first electrode lead, at least a portion of the second electrode lead, and the substrate;
[0045] One end of the first electrode lead and one end of the second electrode lead extend outside the package structure.
[0046] Optionally, the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead are two parallel leads;
[0047] Alternatively, the first electrode lead may include a first portion and a second portion connected together, the first portion of the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead being parallel to each other, and the second portion of the first electrode lead extending toward the second electrode lead.
[0048] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this disclosure are:
[0049] In this embodiment, the solar cell module includes multiple solar cells, a first electrode lead, and a second electrode lead. The multiple solar cells ensure the module's capacity, and the first and second electrode leads connect the module to other external electrical components or circuits. The first and second electrode leads are formed using a metal oxide conductive film, a metal conductive film, or a stack of metal oxide and metal conductive films. Compared to related technologies that use conductive tape as electrode leads and require pressure-sensitive adhesive bonding, the electrode leads in this embodiment do not require pressure-sensitive adhesive bonding, avoiding the impact of pressure-sensitive adhesive aging on electrical performance. This results in lower electrode lead resistance and improved battery efficiency. Furthermore, the electrode leads formed using the aforementioned thin films are thinner than those using conductive tape in related technologies. Solar cell modules with thinner electrode leads can be applied in scenarios requiring narrow bezels and flexible packaging processes. Attached Figure Description
[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0052] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a solar cell module provided by related technologies;
[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another solar cell module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0054] Figure 4 This is a top view of a solar cell module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0055] Figure 5 This is a top view of another solar cell module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0056] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a solar cell module according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0057] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module during the manufacturing process according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0058] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module during the manufacturing process according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0059] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module during the manufacturing process according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0060] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module during the manufacturing process according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0061] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of another solar cell module provided in this disclosure embodiment;
[0062] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module during the manufacturing process according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0063] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module during the manufacturing process according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0064] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of another solar cell module provided in this disclosure embodiment;
[0065] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of another solar cell module provided in this disclosure embodiment;
[0066] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module during the manufacturing process according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0067] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of another solar cell module provided in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation
[0068] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this disclosure clearer, the embodiments of this disclosure will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0069] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and similar terms used in this patent application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, the terms “an” or “a” and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms “comprising” or “including” and similar terms mean that the elements or objects preceding “comprising” or “including” encompass the elements or objects listed following “comprising” or “including” and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. The terms “connected” or “linked” and similar terms are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” “right,” “top,” and “bottom,” etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and these relative positional relationships may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described objects changes.
[0070] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solar cell module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, the solar cell module includes: multiple solar cells 101, a first electrode lead 102, and a second electrode lead 103.
[0071] The solar cell 101 includes a first electrode 111, a photoelectric conversion layer 112, and a second electrode 113 stacked in sequence.
[0072] The first electrode lead 102 is connected to the first electrode 111 of the first solar cell 1011, and the second electrode lead 103 is connected to the second electrode 113 of the second solar cell 1012; the first solar cell 1011 and the second solar cell 1012 are the first and last two of the plurality of solar cells 101.
[0073] The first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode lead 103 are both metal oxide conductive thin film leads, metal conductive thin film leads, or stacked leads of metal oxide conductive thin film and metal conductive thin film.
[0074] In this embodiment, the solar cell module includes multiple solar cells, a first electrode lead, and a second electrode lead. The multiple solar cells ensure the module's capacity, and the first and second electrode leads connect the module to other external electrical components or circuits. The first and second electrode leads are formed using a metal oxide conductive film, a metal conductive film, or a stack of metal oxide and metal conductive films. Compared to related technologies that use conductive tape as electrode leads and require pressure-sensitive adhesive bonding, the electrode leads in this embodiment do not require pressure-sensitive adhesive bonding, avoiding the impact of pressure-sensitive adhesive aging on electrical performance. This results in lower electrode lead resistance and improved battery efficiency. Furthermore, the electrode leads formed using the aforementioned thin films are thinner than those using conductive tape in related technologies. Solar cell modules with thinner electrode leads can be applied in scenarios requiring narrow bezels and flexible packaging processes.
[0075] The first electrode lead 102 can be a metal oxide conductive thin film lead, a metal conductive thin film lead, or a laminated lead of a metal oxide conductive thin film and a metal conductive thin film. The second electrode lead 103 can be a metal oxide conductive thin film lead, a metal conductive thin film lead, or a laminated lead of a metal oxide conductive thin film and a metal conductive thin film. Furthermore, the materials selected for the first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode lead 103 are independent of each other.
[0076] In one example, the first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode lead 103 are thin-film leads made of the same material. In other examples, the first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode lead 103 may also be thin-film leads made of different materials.
[0077] like Figure 1 As shown, the first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode lead 103 both include a first layer 1231 and a second layer 1232 stacked together. The first layer 1231 is on the same layer as the first electrode 111 of the plurality of solar cells 101, and the second layer 1232 is on the same layer as the second electrode 113 of the plurality of solar cells 101.
[0078] The first electrode lead and the second electrode lead are formed by a two-layer stack, which is on the same layer as the first electrode and the second electrode. Compared with related technologies that use conductive tape as electrode leads and require bonding with pressure-sensitive adhesive, the electrode leads in this embodiment do not require bonding with pressure-sensitive adhesive, thus avoiding the impact of pressure-sensitive adhesive aging on electrical performance. Furthermore, the design of being on the same layer as the first electrode and the second electrode eliminates the need for additional manufacturing processes, simplifying the fabrication of the entire battery assembly.
[0079] In other implementations, the first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode lead 103 can also be made using other process steps, such as fabricating the electrode leads of the thin film or thin film stack separately through process steps after the solar cell is fabricated.
[0080] In one example of this disclosure, the first electrode 111 is the anode and the second electrode 113 is the cathode.
[0081] In another example of this disclosure, the first electrode 111 is a cathode and the second electrode 113 is an anode.
[0082] In one example of this disclosure, multiple solar cells 101 may be connected in series. In this case, the first and last two solar cells 101 are the two solar cells 101 at the ends of a circuit formed by series connection.
[0083] In another example of this disclosure, the multiple solar cells 101 can be connected in parallel. In this case, the first and last two solar cells 101 can be two solar cells 101 located on opposite sides of the parallel arrangement direction. Furthermore, since the electrodes of the parallel solar cells 101 are connected together, the first and second electrodes of the first and last two solar cells 101 are also the first and second electrodes of the other solar cells 101.
[0084] In another example of this disclosure, the plurality of solar cells 101 may include multiple groups, with the individual solar cells 101 within a group connected in series and the multiple groups connected in parallel. In this case, the first and last two plurality of solar cells 101 may be the two solar cells 101 at the ends of a circuit formed in series in any group.
[0085] In the embodiments of this disclosure, "same layer" refers to the relationship between layers formed simultaneously in the same step, and the materials of the formed layers are also the same.
[0086] For example, the first layer of electrode leads and the first electrode of the solar cell are formed by performing one or more patterning steps in the first electrode layer material, and they are in the same layer, with the first layer of electrode leads made of the same material as the first electrode of the solar cell. Similarly, the second layer of electrode leads and the second electrode of the solar cell are formed by performing one or more patterning steps in the second electrode layer material, and they are in the same layer, with the second layer of electrode leads made of the same material as the second electrode of the solar cell.
[0087] The same layer does not always mean that the thickness of the layer or the layers in the cross-sectional view are the same. For example, the first layer of the electrode lead and the first electrode of the solar cell may have the same thickness, while the second layer of the electrode lead and the second electrode of the solar cell may have different thicknesses, with the second layer of the electrode lead being thicker than the second electrode of the solar cell.
[0088] exist Figure 1 In the solar cell module shown, the thickness of the first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode lead 103 is equal to the thickness of the entire solar cell 101.
[0089] In other examples, the thickness of the first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode lead 103 may be greater than or less than the thickness of the entire solar cell 101, and this disclosure does not limit this.
[0090] See you again Figure 1 The first layer 1231 of the first electrode lead 102 is integrally disposed with the first electrode 111 of the first solar cell 1011, and the second layer 1232 of the first electrode lead 102 is disposed at intervals with the photoelectric conversion layer 112 and the second electrode 113 of the first solar cell 1011.
[0091] In this context, "integrated setup" means that the two are separated together during the graphical process and are not isolated.
[0092] In this implementation, the first layer 1231 of the first electrode lead 102 is integrally formed with the first electrode 111 of the first solar cell 1011, ensuring the connection between the first electrode lead 102 and the first electrode of the solar cell array; while the second layer 1232 of the first electrode lead 102 is spaced apart from the photoelectric conversion layer 112 and the second electrode 113 of the first solar cell 1011, avoiding short circuits between the first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode of the solar cell.
[0093] and, Figure 1 In the structure shown, the first electrode lead 102 has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture.
[0094] See you again Figure 1 The first layer 1231 of the second electrode lead 103 is spaced apart from the first electrode 111 of the second solar cell 1012, and the second layer 1232 of the second electrode lead 103 is integrally formed with the second electrode 113 of the second solar cell 1012, and the photoelectric conversion layer 112 covering the second solar cell 1012 is far away from the sidewall of the first solar cell 1011.
[0095] In this implementation, the second layer 1232 of the second electrode lead 103 is placed on the sidewall of the photoelectric conversion layer 112 of the original second solar cell 1012, compared to Figure 2The solar cell module provided by the related technology does not require connection through vias in the photoelectric conversion layer 112 of the second solar cell 1012. The second solar cell 1012 has one less laser scribing and the sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer 104 at the second solar cell 1012 has been reduced.
[0096] Depend on Figure 1 As shown in the structure, the first electrode lead 102 is equivalent to extending the first electrode of the first solar cell 1011, with a second layer superimposed on the extended first electrode of the first solar cell 1011 to form the first electrode lead 102; the second electrode lead 103 is equivalent to extending the second electrode of the second solar cell 1012, with a first layer superimposed on the extended second electrode of the second solar cell 1012 to form the second electrode lead 103. This improves the electrical conductivity of the first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode lead 103.
[0097] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another solar cell module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 3 As shown, compared to Figure 1 The structure shown includes a sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer 104 at the first electrode lead 102.
[0098] The first layer 1231 of the first electrode lead 102 is integrally disposed with the first electrode 111 of the first solar cell 1011. The sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer 104 is located on the first layer 1231 of the first electrode lead 102 and is spaced apart from the first solar cell 1011. The second layer 1232 of the first electrode lead 102 covers the surface of the sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer 104 and the sidewall away from the first solar cell 1011.
[0099] exist Figure 3 In the scheme shown, compared to Figure 1 The scheme shown includes an additional sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer 104. The sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer 104 blocks part of the second layer 1232 of the first electrode lead 102 from approaching the second electrode 113 of the first solar cell 1011, thereby reducing the possibility of a short circuit between the first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode 113 of the first solar cell 1011.
[0100] exist Figure 1 and Figure 3 In the structure shown, in addition to the sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer 104 at the first solar cell 1011, a corresponding sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer 104 is also provided on the solar cell 101 in the middle. This can also prevent short circuits between the electrodes of adjacent solar cells.
[0101] In this embodiment, the first electrode 111 can be a metal oxide conductive film, a metal conductive film, or a stack of a metal oxide conductive film and a metal conductive film. For example, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and other thin films.
[0102] The second electrode 113 is a metal oxide conductive thin film, or a metal conductive thin film, or a stack of metal oxide conductive thin films and metal conductive thin films. For example, ITO, indium tungsten oxide (IWO) thin films, or stacks of ITO / Cu, ITO / Cu / ITO thin films.
[0103] Using the first electrode side as the light-incident side of the solar cell, and employing the aforementioned thin film or thin film stack as the material, on the one hand, electrical performance can be guaranteed, and on the other hand, due to the good light transmittance of the aforementioned material, the light-incident requirements of the solar cell can be met.
[0104] Using the aforementioned thin film or thin film stack as the material for the second electrode can improve the electrical performance of the second electrode.
[0105] The first electrode 111 and the second electrode 113 of the solar cell 101 are made of the aforementioned conductive material, which makes the thickness of the electrode leads thinner than the conductive tape (thickness > 40µm) in related technologies. Solar cell modules with thinner electrode leads can be used in scenarios requiring narrow bezels and flexible packaging processes.
[0106] In this embodiment, the thickness of the first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode lead 103 is less than 40µm. This meets the requirements of narrow bezels and flexible packaging processes.
[0107] For example, it is used in packaging processes such as dam filling and thin film encapsulation (TFE) for flexible packaging.
[0108] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the photoelectric conversion layer 112 includes a hole transport layer 121, a perovskite layer 122, and an electron transport layer 123 sequentially stacked on the first electrode 111. In this case, the first electrode 111 is the anode, and the second electrode 113 is the cathode.
[0109] In this implementation, a perovskite layer is used as the photoelectric conversion material to ensure the energy conversion efficiency of the battery.
[0110] In other examples, the photoelectric conversion layer 112 includes an electron transport layer 123, a perovskite layer 122, and a hole transport layer 121 sequentially stacked on the first electrode 111. In this case, the first electrode 111 is the cathode, and the second electrode 113 is the anode.
[0111] In addition, perovskite solar cells have advantages such as high photoelectric conversion efficiency in low light, easy thinning and flexible manufacturing, and have great market potential in applications such as indoor photovoltaic power generation, such as powering electronic tags, electronic nameplates and other application products. In the process of powering these application products, due to the influence of product size, perovskite solar panels are generally required to have a narrow encapsulation bezel to improve the overall power generation of the product. The structure of the above-described embodiment of this disclosure, by improving the electrode leads, can be applied to narrow bezel encapsulation, which can meet the requirements of the above-mentioned scenarios.
[0112] In other implementations, the photoelectric conversion layer 112 may have more film layers.
[0113] In other implementations, the photoelectric conversion material in the photoelectric conversion layer 112 can also be made of materials other than perovskite.
[0114] See you again Figure 1 and Figure 3 The solar cell module also includes a substrate 105 and an encapsulation structure 106.
[0115] Multiple solar cells 101, first electrode leads 102 and second electrode leads 103 are located on a substrate 105, and an encapsulation structure 106 covers at least a portion of the multiple solar cells 101, at least a portion of the first electrode leads 102, at least a portion of the second electrode leads 103 and the substrate 105.
[0116] One end of the first electrode lead 102 and one end of the second electrode lead 103 extend outside the packaging structure 106.
[0117] In this implementation, by extending the electrode leads outside the packaging structure 106, the entire battery assembly is made easier to connect to other devices electrically.
[0118] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the substrate 105 may be a glass substrate.
[0119] In other embodiments, the substrate may also be other transparent substrates.
[0120] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the encapsulation structure 106 may include an encapsulation layer 161, which covers a plurality of solar cells 101, at least a portion of the first electrode lead 102, and at least a portion of the second electrode lead 103.
[0121] Optionally, the encapsulation structure 106 may also include a cover plate 162 that covers the encapsulation layer 161.
[0122] The encapsulation layer 161 can be filled in the scribed area between the electrode lead and the solar cell, as well as the scribed area between solar cells, to serve as an isolation and insulation function.
[0123] In one example, the encapsulation layer 161 may be a polyolefin elastomer (POE) material or other insulating material layer.
[0124] In another example, the encapsulation layer 161 includes alternating layers of inorganic and organic layers, multiple solar cells 101, at least a portion of the first electrode lead 102, and at least a portion of the second electrode lead 103. The encapsulation layer 161 employing the above structure thus achieves the aforementioned TFE encapsulation.
[0125] The number of cycles for the inorganic and organic layers in the encapsulation layer 161 can be one or more.
[0126] For example, cover 162 may be a glass cover or a cover made of other insulating material.
[0127] See you again Figure 1 and Figure 3 The solar cell module also includes: dam section 107.
[0128] The dam portion is located on the side of the first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode lead 103 away from the solar cell 101, or in other words, the dam portion is arranged around the edge of the substrate. The encapsulation structure 106 is connected to the dam portion 107. The dam portion achieves the aforementioned dam-filling encapsulation.
[0129] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the cover plate 162, the dam portion 107 and the substrate 105 form a closed space, and the encapsulation layer is located within this closed space.
[0130] For example, the dam section 107 can be a dam section made of polyisobutylene (PIB) material.
[0131] Figure 4 This is a top view of a solar cell module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 4 As shown, the package structure 106 is smaller than the substrate 105.
[0132] The first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode lead 103 are two parallel leads.
[0133] Two leads are led out at the ends via traces 108 (e.g., conductive tape).
[0134] In this implementation, two parallel leads are used, and then conductive tape or similar materials are used to bring the two leads closer together, thereby enabling electrical connection with other devices.
[0135] Figure 5 This is a top view of another solar cell module provided in an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 5 As shown, the first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode lead 103 are two parallel leads.
[0136] The first electrode lead 102 includes a first part and a second part connected together. The first part of the first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode lead 103 are parallel to each other, and the second part of the first electrode lead 102 extends toward the second electrode lead 103.
[0137] In this implementation, a portion of the lead wire is directly led out to bring the two wires closer together, thereby enabling electrical connection with other devices. Of course, in this case, a trace 108 (e.g., conductive tape) can also be connected at the end, making the trace 108 shorter.
[0138] By forming traces on the outside of the encapsulation structure through module bonding, soldering ribbons, conductive tape, direct overlap, etc., the traces further connect the positive and negative terminals of the battery to the junction box, which can improve the flexibility and bendability of flexible perovskite batteries, and improve the reliability and repairability of perovskite battery devices.
[0139] This disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a solar cell module, the method comprising:
[0140] Multiple solar cells, first electrode leads, and second electrode leads are fabricated. The solar cells include a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode stacked sequentially.
[0141] The first electrode lead is connected to the first electrode of the first solar cell, and the second electrode lead is connected to the second electrode of the second solar cell; the first solar cell and the second solar cell are the first and last two of a plurality of solar cells.
[0142] Both the first electrode lead and the first electrode lead are metal oxide conductive thin film leads, metal conductive thin film leads, or stacked leads of metal oxide conductive thin film and metal conductive thin film.
[0143] In this embodiment, the solar cell module includes multiple solar cells, a first electrode lead, and a second electrode lead. The multiple solar cells ensure the module's capacity, and the first and second electrode leads connect the module to other external electrical components or circuits. The first and second electrode leads are formed using a metal oxide conductive film, a metal conductive film, or a stack of metal oxide and metal conductive films. Compared to related technologies that use conductive tape as electrode leads and require pressure-sensitive adhesive bonding, the electrode leads in this embodiment do not require pressure-sensitive adhesive bonding, avoiding the impact of pressure-sensitive adhesive aging on electrical performance. This results in lower electrode lead resistance and improved battery efficiency. Furthermore, the electrode leads formed using the aforementioned thin films are thinner than those using conductive tape in related technologies. Solar cell modules with thinner electrode leads can be applied in scenarios requiring narrow bezels and flexible packaging processes.
[0144] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a solar cell module according to an embodiment of this disclosure. See also... Figure 6 The method includes:
[0145] 201: Fabricate the first electrode layer and perform the first patterning of the first electrode layer to obtain the first electrode of multiple solar cells, the first layer of the first electrode lead, and the first layer of the second electrode lead.
[0146] The first graphical step can also be called the P1 line drawing step. The subsequent second to fourth graphical steps can be called the P2 line drawing, P3 line drawing, and P4 edge clearing steps, respectively.
[0147] In this embodiment of the disclosure, step 201 may include:
[0148] The first step is to provide a substrate.
[0149] The substrate can be a glass substrate.
[0150] In other embodiments, the substrate may also be other transparent substrates.
[0151] The second step is to form a first electrode layer on the substrate.
[0152] The first electrode layer can be a metal oxide conductive thin film, a metal conductive thin film, or a stack of a metal oxide conductive thin film and a metal conductive thin film. For example, FTO, ITO, IZO, and other thin films.
[0153] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of a solar cell module according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 7 As shown, a first electrode layer 1110 is fabricated on a substrate 105.
[0154] The third step is to perform the first patterning of the first electrode layer.
[0155] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of a solar cell module according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 8 As shown, after the first electrode layer 1110 is scribed by P1, it forms multiple first electrodes 111 of solar cells, first layers 1231 of first electrode leads, and first layers 1231 of second electrode leads. Furthermore, the first electrode 111 of the solar cell located on the left and the first layer 1231 of the first electrode leads are a single integrated structure.
[0156] 202: A photoelectric conversion layer is formed on the first electrode layer, and the photoelectric conversion layer is patterned a second time.
[0157] In one example, the photoelectric conversion layer includes a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, and an electron transport layer sequentially stacked on a first electrode. In this case, the first electrode is the anode, and the second electrode is the cathode.
[0158] In this implementation, a perovskite layer is used as the photoelectric conversion material to ensure the energy conversion efficiency of the battery.
[0159] In other examples, the photoelectric conversion layer includes an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a hole transport layer sequentially stacked on a first electrode. In this case, the first electrode is the cathode, and the second electrode is the anode.
[0160] In other implementations, the photoelectric conversion layer can also have more film layers.
[0161] In other implementations, the photoelectric conversion material in the photoelectric conversion layer can also be made of materials other than perovskite.
[0162] In this embodiment of the disclosure, step 202 may include:
[0163] The photoelectric conversion layer is laser scribing to form multiple grooves, a first filling groove, and a second filling groove. The grooves are used for the second electrode of the solar cell to pass through to connect to the first electrode of the adjacent solar cell. The first filling groove and the second filling groove are used to accommodate the second layer of the first electrode lead and the second layer of the first electrode lead, respectively.
[0164] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of a solar cell module according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 9 As shown, hole transport layer 121, perovskite layer 122 and electron transport layer 123 are sequentially stacked on the first electrode 111.
[0165] Figure 10This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of a solar cell module according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 10 As shown, by laser scribing, the hole transport layer 121, the perovskite layer 122 and the electron transport layer 123 are provided with a plurality of grooves A, a first filling groove B and a second filling groove C.
[0166] In this implementation, a filling groove is added during the P2 scribing process to form electrode leads, which simplifies the fabrication process.
[0167] In another example, in addition to the aforementioned grooves, first filling grooves, and second filling grooves, isolation trenches can also be formed to isolate the sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer of the first electrode lead from the photoelectric conversion layer of the solar cell.
[0168] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of another solar cell module provided in this disclosure embodiment. Figure 11 As shown, by laser scribing, in addition to having multiple grooves A, a first filling groove B, and a second filling groove C, the hole transport layer 121, the perovskite layer 122, and the electron transport layer 123 also have isolation grooves D.
[0169] 203: A second electrode layer is formed on the photoelectric conversion layer, and the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode layer are patterned for the third time to obtain the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode of multiple solar cells, as well as the second layer of the first electrode lead and the second layer of the first electrode lead.
[0170] The second layer is stacked on top of the first layer.
[0171] The second electrode is a metal oxide conductive thin film, or a metal conductive thin film, or a stack of metal oxide conductive thin films and metal conductive thin films. For example, ITO, IWO, or stacks of ITO / Cu, ITO / Cu / ITO, etc.
[0172] In this embodiment of the present disclosure, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer can be formed by deposition.
[0173] In this embodiment of the disclosure, step 203 may include:
[0174] Laser scribing is performed on the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode layer along the sidewall of the first filling groove near the second filling groove to form the first electrode lead.
[0175] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of a solar cell module according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 Is Figure 10A second electrode layer 1130 is formed on the basis of the first electrode layer 1130, which covers multiple grooves A, a first filling groove B and a second filling groove C.
[0176] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of a solar cell module according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 13 As shown, Figure 13 Is Figure 12 Based on this, a marking process is performed. By marking the sidewall of the first filling groove B, the first electrode lead 102 is separated from the second electrode of the solar cell 101. Since the second electrode lead 102 is integral with the second electrode of the solar cell 101, there is no need to mark it on this side.
[0177] In another example, a sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer 104 is also provided on one side of the first electrode lead 102. Accordingly, step 203 may include:
[0178] Between the sidewall of the first filling groove near the second filling groove and the groove of the first solar cell, the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode layer are laser scribing processed to form the first electrode lead and the sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer.
[0179] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of another solar cell module provided in this disclosure embodiment. Figure 14 As shown, Figure 14 Is Figure 11 A second electrode layer 1130 is formed on the basis of the first electrode layer 1130, which covers a plurality of grooves A, a first filling groove B, a second filling groove C and an isolation groove D.
[0180] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of another solar cell module provided in this disclosure embodiment. Figure 15 As shown, in Figure 12 or Figure 14 Based on this, a scribing process is performed between the first filling groove B and the groove A of the solar cell 101 to form the first electrode lead 102 and the sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer 104.
[0181] In addition, from Figure 12 and Figure 13 It can be seen that the lines separating each solar cell in P3 are close to the lines separating each photoelectric conversion layer in P2, and sacrificial photoelectric conversion layers 104 are also formed between adjacent lines in P3 and P2.
[0182] 204: Edge clearing is performed through the fourth graphical processing.
[0183] In this embodiment of the disclosure, 204 may include:
[0184] Laser edge cleaning is performed on the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode layer along the sidewall of the first filling groove away from the second filling groove, and along the sidewall of the second filling groove away from the first filling groove.
[0185] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of a solar cell module according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 16 As shown, in Figure 13 Based on this, edge cleaning is performed. The second electrode layer and photoelectric conversion layer are removed from the outer wall of the first filling groove B and the outer wall of the second filling groove C by laser edge cleaning.
[0186] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the manufacturing process of another solar cell module provided in this disclosure embodiment. Figure 17 As shown, in Figure 15 Based on this, edge cleaning is performed. The second electrode layer and photoelectric conversion layer are removed from the outer wall of the first filling groove B and the outer wall of the second filling groove C by laser edge cleaning.
[0187] In the above steps, the solar cells are fabricated using the P1~P4 scribing steps, without changing the original process steps.
[0188] 205: Fabricate the encapsulation structure and dam section.
[0189] Figure 16 The structure is formed after step 205. Figure 1 The solar cell module shown.
[0190] Figure 17 The structure is formed after step 205. Figure 3 The solar cell module shown.
[0191] The encapsulation structure 106 covers a plurality of solar cells 101, at least a portion of the first electrode lead 102, at least a portion of the second electrode lead 103, and a substrate 105.
[0192] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the encapsulation structure 106 may include an encapsulation layer 161, which covers a plurality of solar cells 101, at least a portion of the first electrode lead 102, and at least a portion of the second electrode lead 103.
[0193] Optionally, the encapsulation structure 106 may also include a cover plate 162 that covers the encapsulation layer 161.
[0194] The encapsulation layer 161 can be filled in the scribed area between the electrode lead and the solar cell, as well as the scribed area between solar cells, to serve as an isolation and insulation function.
[0195] In one example, the encapsulation layer 161 may be a POE material or other insulating material layer.
[0196] In another example, the encapsulation layer 161 includes alternating layers of inorganic and organic layers, multiple solar cells 101, at least a portion of the first electrode lead 102, and at least a portion of the second electrode lead 103. The encapsulation layer 161 employing the above structure thus achieves the aforementioned TFE encapsulation.
[0197] The number of cycles for the inorganic and organic layers in the encapsulation layer 161 can be one or more.
[0198] For example, cover 162 may be a glass cover or a cover made of other insulating material.
[0199] In this embodiment of the disclosure, step 205 may further include: constructing a dam section.
[0200] The dam section is located on the side of the first electrode lead 102 and the second electrode lead 103 away from the solar cell 101, that is, along the edge of the substrate. The encapsulation structure 106 is connected to the dam section 107. The dam section achieves the aforementioned dam-filling encapsulation.
[0201] For example, the dam section 107 can be a dam section made of PIB material.
[0202] This embodiment of the invention forms filling grooves on the left and right sides of the battery through a semi-edge-cleaning process during P2 laser scribing. A second electrode is deposited within these filling grooves. Simultaneously, through P3 laser scribing and P4 laser full edge-cleaning processes, the first electrode and the second electrode in the aforementioned filling groove area serve as the positive and negative leads of the battery, respectively. This embodiment of the invention does not use conductive tape as electrode leads, which can reduce the battery bezel width, increase battery output power, reduce battery cost, and prevent problems such as sealing failure and breakage at the conductive tape lead-out points, thus improving product reliability and making it more suitable for packaging technologies such as Dam & Filler and Lamination.
[0203] The above description is not intended to limit this disclosure in any way. Although this disclosure has been disclosed above through embodiments, it is not intended to limit this disclosure. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this disclosure. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this disclosure without departing from the content of the technical solution of this disclosure shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this disclosure.
Claims
1. A solar cell module, characterized in that, include: Multiple solar cells, first electrode lead and second electrode lead, The solar cell comprises a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode stacked sequentially. The first electrode lead is connected to the first electrode of the first solar cell, and the second electrode lead is connected to the second electrode of the second solar cell; the first solar cell and the second solar cell are the first and last two of the plurality of solar cells, respectively; Both the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead are metal oxide conductive thin film leads, metal conductive thin film leads, or stacked leads of metal oxide conductive thin film and metal conductive thin film.
2. The solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized by Both the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead include a first layer and a second layer stacked together. The first layer is on the same layer as the first electrode of the plurality of solar cells, and the second layer is on the same layer as the second electrode of the plurality of solar cells.
3. The solar cell module according to claim 2, characterized by The first layer of the first electrode lead is integrally formed with the first electrode of the first solar cell, and the second layer of the first electrode lead is spaced apart from the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode of the first solar cell. or, The solar cell module also includes a sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer; The first layer of the first electrode lead is integrally formed with the first electrode of the first solar cell. The sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer is located on the first layer of the first electrode lead and is spaced apart from the first solar cell. The second layer of the first electrode lead covers the surface of the sacrificial photoelectric conversion layer and the sidewall away from the first solar cell.
4. The solar cell module according to claim 2, characterized by The first layer of the second electrode lead is spaced apart from the first electrode of the second solar cell, and the second layer of the second electrode lead is integrally formed with the second electrode of the second solar cell, and covers the photoelectric conversion layer of the second solar cell away from the sidewall of the first solar cell.
5. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by, The thickness of the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead is less than 40 μm.
6. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by The photoelectric conversion layer includes a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer and an electron transport layer sequentially stacked on the first electrode; Alternatively, the photoelectric conversion layer may include an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a hole transport layer sequentially stacked on the first electrode.
7. The solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by, The solar cell module also includes: a substrate and an encapsulation structure; The plurality of solar cells, the first electrode lead, and the second electrode lead are located on the substrate, and the encapsulation structure covers the plurality of solar cells, at least a portion of the first electrode lead, at least a portion of the second electrode lead, and the substrate; One end of the first electrode lead and one end of the second electrode lead extend outside the package structure.
8. The solar cell module according to claim 7, wherein The first electrode lead and the second electrode lead are two parallel leads; Alternatively, the first electrode lead may include a first portion and a second portion connected together, the first portion of the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead being parallel to each other, and the second portion of the first electrode lead extending toward the second electrode lead.
9. The solar cell module according to claim 7, wherein The encapsulation structure includes an encapsulation layer disposed on the side of the second electrode away from the substrate. The encapsulation layer includes an inorganic layer and an organic layer that are alternately stacked. The inorganic layer and the organic layer cover a plurality of solar cells, at least a portion of the first electrode lead, and at least a portion of the second electrode lead.
10. The solar cell module according to claim 7, wherein The solar cell module further includes a dam portion disposed on the side of the first electrode lead and the second electrode lead away from the solar cell, and the encapsulation structure is connected to the dam portion.