Intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of protective equipment, especially to a kind of intelligent protective helmet based on multi-posture perception, including the electric connection of main control unit and information monitoring unit, receive and handle the data from information monitoring unit, power module is connected information monitoring unit and main control unit respectively, detection unit includes pressure sensor module, ultrasonic ranging module, Beidou dual-mode module, attitude angle sensor module and photosensitive sensor module, main control unit includes microcontroller and communication module, communication module input end is connected to microcontroller, power module includes energy storage power supply and DC-DC conversion circuit, energy storage power supply exports different voltage by DC-DC conversion circuit, provides adaptive power supply for each module, the utility model realizes to the multi-dimension monitoring of helmet wearing state, rear obstacle distance, rider space posture, real-time position and environmental illumination, can comprehensively perceive potential risk in the process of cycling, improves cycling safety protection level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of protective equipment technology, and in particular to an intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception. Background Technology

[0002] With the popularization of the concept of green travel, the frequency of use of non-motorized vehicles such as bicycles and electric vehicles has increased significantly. However, the issue of safety protection during riding is becoming increasingly prominent. At present, traditional protective helmets can only provide head collision protection through physical structure and cannot monitor and respond to riding status, environmental risks and sudden accidents, which has significant functional limitations.

[0003] Currently, some cycling assistance devices attempt to achieve local monitoring functions through a single sensor. For example, pressure sensors are used to detect helmet wearing status, but they can only output simple on / off signals and cannot be linked with other systems. Secondly, ultrasonic sensors are used to monitor surrounding obstacles, but there is a lack of early warning mechanisms for cycling scenarios. In addition, posture sensors are used to determine abnormal cycling posture, but because they are not combined with location information, it is difficult to quickly determine the rescue location after an accident. Furthermore, the hardware connections of existing cycling safety devices mostly use dedicated interfaces, resulting in poor module scalability and the lack of a closed-loop system for perception, judgment, and response. When sudden accidents such as collisions or falls occur, they cannot automatically trigger the distress call process, nor can they send a rescue signal containing location information to preset contacts, leading to a delay in rescue response and increasing the safety risks for cyclists. At present, there is a need for a smart protective helmet based on multi-posture perception. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the issues of limited functionality and inadequate risk warning in traditional helmets, this invention provides an intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception.

[0005] This utility model provides an intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A smart protective helmet based on multi-pose perception, comprising:

[0007] The helmet includes an information monitoring unit, a main control unit, a power module, and a helmet body. The helmet body provides attachment points for the information monitoring unit, the power module, and the main control unit. The main control unit is electrically connected to the information monitoring unit, receives and processes data from the information monitoring unit, and the power module is connected to both the information monitoring unit and the main control unit.

[0008] The information monitoring unit includes a pressure sensor module, an ultrasonic ranging module, a Beidou dual-mode module, an attitude angle sensor module, and a photosensitive sensor module. The main control unit includes a microcontroller and a communication module. The input terminal of the communication module is connected to the microcontroller. The power supply module includes an energy storage power supply and a DC-DC conversion circuit. The energy storage power supply outputs different voltages through the DC-DC conversion circuit to provide adaptive power to each module.

[0009] Furthermore, the pressure sensor module includes a pressure-sensitive resistor film and a signal conditioning circuit. The output terminal of the pressure-sensitive resistor film is connected to the input terminal of the signal conditioning circuit via a wire. The output terminal of the signal conditioning circuit is connected to the ADC input pin of the microcontroller via an analog signal output interface. The power supply interface of the signal conditioning circuit is connected to the voltage output interface of the DC-DC conversion circuit.

[0010] Furthermore, the signal conditioning circuit includes a filter composed of an inductor and a ceramic capacitor and an operational amplifier. The input terminal of the filter is connected to the output terminal of the varistor film. The non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the filter. The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to its own output terminal through a feedback resistor. The output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the ADC input pin of the microcontroller through a voltage divider resistor.

[0011] Furthermore, the photosensitive sensor module includes a photoresistor, a comparator, and a voltage regulator. The output terminal of the photoresistor is connected to the input terminal of the comparator, the output terminal of the comparator is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator, and the output terminal of the voltage regulator is connected to the ADC input pin of the microcontroller via a wire. The power supply pins of the comparator and the voltage regulator are both connected to the voltage output interface of the DC-DC conversion circuit.

[0012] Furthermore, the helmet body is provided with a front mounting platform, a rear mounting position, a top shock-absorbing base, and an inner liner mounting position. The rear mounting position is provided with a slot, and the ultrasonic ranging module is fixed in the rear mounting position through the slot. The top shock-absorbing base is made of silicone and is used to fix the attitude angle sensor module. The inner liner mounting position is located at the top of the helmet inner liner and is used to embed the pressure sensor module.

[0013] Furthermore, the attitude angle sensor module includes a MEMS inertial measurement unit, a sensor fusion chip, a data interface, and a module housing. The input terminal of the sensor fusion chip is connected to the output terminal of the MEMS inertial measurement unit, and the output terminal of the sensor fusion chip is connected to the serial port receiver of the microcontroller through the data interface. The module housing is used to encapsulate the MEMS inertial measurement unit and the sensor fusion chip. The module housing is fixedly connected to the top shock-absorbing base in the center of the helmet body through a snap-fit ​​structure.

[0014] Furthermore, the MEMS inertial measurement component includes a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope. The input end of the sensor fusion chip is connected to the output end of the three-axis accelerometer and the output end of the three-axis gyroscope respectively via data cables, for fusing acceleration data and angular velocity data and outputting attitude angle.

[0015] Furthermore, the ultrasonic ranging module includes an ultrasonic transmitting probe, an ultrasonic receiving probe, a distance calculation chip, and a mounting housing. The ultrasonic transmitting probe is embedded in one side of the front end of the mounting housing via a snap-fit ​​structure. The signal input end of the ultrasonic transmitting probe is connected to the transmitting control end of the distance calculation chip via a connecting cable. The ultrasonic receiving probe is embedded in the other side of the front end of the mounting housing via a snap-fit ​​structure. The signal output end of the ultrasonic receiving probe is connected to the receiving input end of the distance calculation chip via a connecting cable. The distance calculation chip is fixed to a base inside the mounting housing by adhesive bonding.

[0016] Furthermore, the mounting shell is an arc-shaped shell that adapts to the rear contour of the helmet. Two symmetrical protruding buckles are provided on the back of the mounting shell. The mounting shell is fixedly installed with the corresponding slot of the mounting position on the rear of the helmet body through the protruding buckles. An anti-vibration base is provided inside the mounting shell, and the distance calculation chip is attached to the anti-vibration base.

[0017] Furthermore, the Beidou dual-mode module includes an RF front-end and a baseband processor. The output of the RF front-end is connected to the input of the baseband processor through internal circuitry. The output of the baseband processor is connected to the serial port receiving pin of the microcontroller via a UART interface according to the NMEA0183 protocol. The power supply interface of the baseband processor is connected to the voltage output interface of the energy storage power supply via an LDO voltage regulator circuit.

[0018] Furthermore, the communication module includes a communication chip and a SIM card slot. The interface pins of the SIM card slot are connected to the SIM card data interface pins of the communication chip via internal wires. The instruction input terminal of the communication chip is connected to the serial port output terminal of the microcontroller via a data cable for receiving distress trigger commands.

[0019] In summary, this utility model has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0020] 1. This utility model integrates a pressure sensor module, an ultrasonic ranging module, a Beidou dual-mode module, an attitude angle sensor module, and a photosensitive sensor module through an information monitoring unit to achieve multi-dimensional monitoring of helmet wearing status, distance to obstacles behind, rider's spatial posture, real-time location, and ambient light. It can comprehensively perceive potential risks during riding and improve the level of riding safety protection.

[0021] 2. The helmet body of this utility model features a customized structure including a front mounting platform and a rear mounting position, enabling precise positioning and stable fixation of each module. The internal hidden wiring channel and unified DC-DC conversion circuit power supply design simplify wiring and power supply logic, while taking into account installation stability, ease of use, and riding comfort.

[0022] 3. This utility model combines the positioning function of the Beidou dual-mode module with the abnormal identification capability of the attitude angle sensor module. When an accident occurs, the main control unit can send a distress signal containing location information through the communication module, thereby improving rescue efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the Beidou dual-mode module structure of an intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception, according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of an ultrasonic ranging module for an intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception, according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the attitude angle sensor module of an intelligent protective helmet based on multi-attitude perception, according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a pressure sensor module in an intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception, according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0027] Figure 5 This is an LDO voltage regulator circuit diagram of an intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception, according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0028] Figure 6 This is an installation architecture diagram of an intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception, according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of an intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception, according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0030] The components include: 1. Beidou dual-mode module; 2. Communication module; 3. Mounting platform; 4. Protruding structure; 5. Ultrasonic ranging module; 6. Base; 7. Mounting shell; 8. Attitude angle sensor module; 9. Speaker; 10. Photosensitive sensor module; 11. Pressure sensor module; 12. Rear mounting position; 13. Side mounting position. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example 1

[0032] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment of an intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception includes:

[0033] The helmet includes an information monitoring unit, a main control unit, a power module, and a helmet body. The helmet body provides attachment points for the information monitoring unit, the power module, and the main control unit. The main control unit is electrically connected to the information monitoring unit, receives and processes data from the information monitoring unit, and the power module is connected to both the information monitoring unit and the main control unit.

[0034] The information monitoring unit includes a pressure sensor module, an ultrasonic ranging module, a Beidou dual-mode module, an attitude angle sensor module, and a photosensitive sensor module. The main control unit includes a microcontroller and a communication module. The input terminal of the communication module is connected to the microcontroller. The power supply module includes an energy storage power supply and a DC-DC conversion circuit. The energy storage power supply outputs different voltages through the DC-DC conversion circuit to provide adaptive power to each module.

[0035] The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0036] like Figure 1 , Figure 6 As shown, the helmet body is made of ABS engineering plastic with a streamlined shell. This material has impact resistance and lightweight characteristics. The streamlined design reduces air resistance during riding. After the shell is integrally formed, it is processed by mold to form an installation structure that adapts to each module. The interior is integrally molded with a dedicated mounting position through injection molding to ensure the positioning accuracy and structural stability of each module. The helmet body has a front mounting platform 3, a rear mounting position 12, a top shock-absorbing base, and an inner liner mounting position. The rear mounting position has a slot, which fixes the ultrasonic ranging module. The top shock-absorbing base is made of silicone and is used to fix the attitude angle sensor module. The inner liner mounting position is located on the top of the helmet inner liner and is used to embed the pressure sensor module. The front mounting platform 3 adopts a raised plane design with screw holes machined on the surface to form an independent installation area. The Beidou dual-mode module 1 is fixed to the platform by screws. The raised height of the platform avoids direct contact between the module and the shell, reducing the impact of shell vibration on the module. The screw holes and anti-loosening nuts achieve rigid fixation of the module and ensure the stability of positioning signal acquisition.

[0037] The mounting platform 3 is a groove with symmetrical slots machined on the inner sidewall. A wire through-hole is provided at the bottom of the groove. The mounting shell 7 of the ultrasonic ranging module 5 forms an interference fit with the slot via a back buckle, enabling quick positioning and fixation. The wire through-hole in the groove is used for the module connection harness to pass through, preventing exposed wires from being worn. The top shock-absorbing base 6 is a circular protrusion made of silicone material with a positioning post at the center. The base 6 is fixed to the helmet shell via secondary injection molding. The damping characteristics of the silicone material can attenuate high-frequency vibrations. The mounting shell of the attitude angle sensor module 8 has a positioning hole. The attitude angle sensor module 8 cooperates with the positioning post of the base 6 to achieve radial limiting. The attitude angle sensor module 8 is fixed to the base 6 via a buckle, ensuring the stability of attitude detection. The inner liner mounting position is a square groove pre-reserved at the top of the inner liner. A flexible buffer layer is provided inside the groove, and a wire groove is provided at the edge of the groove. The varistor film is adhered to the buffer layer inside the groove with double-sided adhesive. The buffer layer can compensate for the gap between the head and the inner liner, ensuring uniform force on the film. The output wire of the film passes through the wire groove to prevent the wire from breaking under pressure.

[0038] The left side of the mounting platform 3 has an interface slot with a PCB mounting post, and the right side has a buckle structure with elastic claws. The main control unit is fixed to the interface slot via the PCB mounting post and screwed together. The communication module 2 is engaged with the buckle structure on the right side via the elastic claws. The spacing between the left and right mounting positions is reasonable to avoid electromagnetic interference. The internal wiring channel is a closed channel between the outer shell and the inner lining. The inner wall of the channel has guide ribs. The channel is injection molded. The guide ribs are used to constrain the direction of the wiring harness and prevent it from tangling. The two ends of the channel have cable exits with rounded corners to reduce wire wear. The wiring harness is fixed in the channel with cable ties to ensure that the wiring harness does not shift during riding. After each module is mechanically fixed by a dedicated mounting structure, its connecting wiring harness converges to the main control unit through the internal wiring channel. The wiring harness is fixed by guide ribs and cable ties to ensure the stability of signal transmission. The positioning accuracy of all mounting positions is high, and the fit gap between the module and the mounting structure is small. By combining rigid fixing with flexible buffering, the mechanical structure ensures the accuracy of sensor data acquisition.

[0039] The pressure sensor module 11, installed in the helmet liner mounting position, consists of a pressure-sensitive resistor film (in this embodiment, an FSR402 pressure-sensitive resistor film) and a signal conditioning circuit. The signal conditioning circuit includes an inductor, a ceramic capacitor, an operational amplifier, a feedback resistor, and a voltage divider resistor. During installation, the pressure-sensitive resistor film is embedded in the helmet liner mounting position, fitting tightly against the liner sponge for accurate head pressure sensing. The signal conditioning circuit is fixed to the PCB board inside the helmet liner via screws. The output of the pressure-sensitive resistor film is connected to the filter input of the signal conditioning circuit via a wire. This filter, composed of an inductor and a ceramic capacitor in series, filters out high-frequency noise in the signal. The filter output is connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier, which is connected to its own output via a feedback resistor, forming an amplification circuit that amplifies weak signals. The operational amplifier output is then connected to the ADC input pin of the main control unit microcontroller (PA0 pin of the STM32 microcontroller) via a voltage divider resistor to achieve signal transmission.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the ultrasonic ranging module 5 consists of an ultrasonic transmitting probe, an ultrasonic receiving probe, a distance calculation chip (model HC-SR04 dedicated chip), and an arc-shaped mounting shell 7. During installation, the arc-shaped mounting shell 7 is fixed to the corresponding slot of the helmet mounting position 12 by a protruding buckle on the back. This fixing method is both stable and easy to disassemble, and ensures that the probe faces the rear of the helmet, ensuring accurate ranging direction. The distance calculation chip is pasted on the silicone shockproof base 6 inside the mounting shell 7. The silicone base 6 can reduce the impact of vibration on the chip. During connection, the ultrasonic transmitting probe is embedded in the front left side of the mounting shell 7 by a buckle, and its signal input terminal is connected to the transmitting control terminal of the distance calculation chip through a connecting cable. The receiving probe is embedded in the front right side of the mounting shell 7 by a buckle, with a distance of 1cm between it and the transmitting probe. This distance can avoid interference between the transmitted signal and the received signal. The signal output terminal of the receiving probe is connected to the receiving input terminal of the distance calculation chip through a connecting cable. The output terminal of the distance calculation chip is connected to the GPIO pin of the main control unit microcontroller through a wire, which is the PB0 pin of the STM32 controller.

[0041] like Figure 1As shown, the Beidou dual-mode module 1, as the core positioning component of the smart protective helmet, is used to acquire the rider's location information in real time and transmit it to the main control unit. The Beidou dual-mode module 1 includes an RF front-end, a baseband processor, an LDO voltage regulator circuit, and external connection components. The RF front-end uses an integrated RF chip with a built-in low-noise amplifier and filter, which can receive mixed signals from GPS and Beidou satellites. Its external package is equipped with a metal shielding shell, which can reduce electromagnetic interference from other electronic modules inside the helmet. The RF front-end is fixed to one side of the PCB board inside the module through a surface mount process, and the baseband processor is fixed to the other side of the PCB board by screws. The baseband processor uses a dedicated positioning chip and has the ability to analyze and process satellite signals.

[0042] The output of the RF front-end is connected to the signal input of the baseband processor via microstrip lines (internal circuitry) inside the PCB board. This internal circuitry connection shortens the signal transmission path, reduces signal attenuation, and ensures that the transmission loss of satellite signals from the RF front-end to the baseband processor is minimized. The baseband processor output is equipped with a UART interface, which is connected to the serial port receive pin of the microcontroller via a shielded ribbon cable. The baseband processor analyzes the received satellite signals and generates positioning data such as latitude, longitude, and time. This data is encapsulated according to the NMEA0183 protocol and transmitted to the microcontroller in real time via serial communication through the UART interface. The microcontroller receives the positioning data and buffers it for quick retrieval in emergencies.

[0043] like Figure 5 As shown, in terms of power supply, the LDO voltage regulator circuit serves as the core power supply regulation unit of the Beidou dual-mode module 1. The input terminal of the LDO voltage regulator circuit is connected to the voltage output interface of the energy storage power supply via a wire, receiving the voltage Vin output by the energy storage power supply. The energy storage power supply is typically a lithium battery or other rechargeable power source, providing initial power to the entire system. The output terminal Vout of the circuit is connected to the power supply interface of the baseband processor via a wire, providing a stable operating voltage to the baseband processor. The LDO voltage regulator circuit mainly consists of a power transistor T, an error amplifier, a reference voltage circuit, an ON / OFF circuit, an overload current protection circuit, and voltage divider resistors R1 and R2. The power transistor T, as the core voltage regulation element, has its gate connected to the output terminal of the error amplifier, its drain connected to the input terminal Vin, and its source serving as part of the output terminal Vout, used to output a stable voltage. The non-inverting input terminal of the error amplifier ErrorAMP is connected to the reference voltage Vref generated by the reference voltage circuit, while the inverting input terminal is connected to the output terminal Vout via voltage divider resistors R1 and R2, forming a negative feedback loop.

[0044] When the circuit is operating, the reference voltage circuit generates a stable reference voltage Vref, which serves as the reference standard for the error amplifier. The output voltage Vout, after being divided by voltage divider resistors R1 and R2, is fed back to the inverting input of the error amplifier. The error amplifier compares the feedback voltage with the reference voltage Vref, generates an error signal, and adjusts the gate voltage of the power transistor T according to the error signal, thereby changing the conduction level of the power transistor and adjusting the magnitude of the output voltage Vout to stabilize the output voltage at the set value. The ON / OFF circuit controls the on / off state of the LDO regulator circuit. When an ON / OFF control signal is received, the ON / OFF circuit controls the operating state of the reference voltage circuit through logic processing, thereby realizing the switching control of the entire LDO regulator circuit. The overload current protection circuit monitors the current of the power transistor T. When the current exceeds a set threshold, the overload current protection circuit will adjust the operating state of the power transistor in time to limit the excessive current, thus protecting the circuit and the load.

[0045] A protection diode is also provided at the input terminal Vin to prevent reverse voltage breakdown and protect circuit components. A corresponding diode is also provided at the output terminal Vout to prevent damage to the circuit in case of abnormal output voltage. The LDO regulator circuit has the significant characteristic of low output voltage ripple because it uses a linear regulation method, avoiding the high-frequency noise generated by switching actions in switching power supplies. This low ripple characteristic is crucial for the baseband processor to resolve satellite signals, effectively avoiding the impact of power supply fluctuations on signal resolution accuracy, and ensuring that the baseband processor can accurately and stably process satellite signals from the RF front-end.

[0046] In practical applications, the LDO voltage regulator circuit is firmly fixed to the PCB board of the Beidou dual-mode module 1 by soldering. A heat sink is installed on the outside of the LDO voltage regulator circuit. The heat sink is in close contact with the power transistors and other heat-generating components of the LDO voltage regulator circuit, which can quickly conduct the heat generated during the operation of the circuit to the PCB board and then dissipate it through the heat dissipation path of the PCB board. This ensures that the voltage regulator circuit operates stably within a safe temperature range and avoids performance degradation or damage due to overheating. In addition, the entire Beidou dual-mode module 1 is fixed to the front mounting platform 3 of the helmet body by screwing. The protruding structure 4 of the mounting platform 3 keeps a certain distance between the module and the helmet shell, reducing the impact of shell vibration on the module. The RF front end of the module faces the sky and is unobstructed, ensuring stable reception of satellite signals.

[0047] like Figure 3As shown, the attitude angle sensor module 8 consists of a MEMS inertial measurement unit, including a three-axis accelerometer ADXL345 and a three-axis gyroscope ITG3200, a sensor fusion chip model JF60 dedicated chip, and a module housing. During installation, the module housing is fixed to the helmet top shockproof base 6 by a snap-fit ​​structure to ensure that the module can move synchronously with the helmet and ensure the accuracy of attitude detection. The inertial measurement unit and the fusion chip are fixed to the PCB board inside the housing by adhesive bonding. The output of the three-axis accelerometer is connected to the acceleration signal input of the sensor fusion chip through a data cable, and the output of the three-axis gyroscope is connected to the angular velocity signal input of the sensor fusion chip through a data cable. The output of the sensor fusion chip is connected to the serial port receiver of the main control unit microcontroller through a data interface, such as the USART2_RX pin of the STM32 controller.

[0048] like Figure 4 , Figure 7 As shown, the photosensitive sensor module 10 consists of a photoresistor (model GL5528), a comparator (LM393), and a voltage regulator. During installation, the photoresistor is fixed to the edge of the helmet mounting platform 3 with clips, facing directly forward, to accurately sense ambient light. The comparator and voltage regulator are fixed to the PCB board of the main control unit by soldering. The connection relationship is as follows: the output terminal of the photoresistor is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator, the output terminal of the comparator is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator, and the output terminal of the voltage regulator is connected to the ADC input pin of the microcontroller of the main control unit through a wire.

[0049] The main control unit consists of a microcontroller (model STM32F103) and a communication module 2. The communication module 2 includes a communication chip (model SIM900A) and a SIM card slot. During installation, the microcontroller is fixed to the PCB board on the left side of the helmet by screws, with the SIM card slot facing outwards for easy insertion or replacement of the SIM card. In terms of connection, the SIM card data interface pins of the communication chip are connected one-to-one with the interface pins of the SIM card slot through internal wires to ensure data interaction between the SIM card and the communication chip. The instruction input terminal of the communication chip is connected to the serial port output terminal of the microcontroller (such as the USART3_TX pin of the STM32) through a data cable to receive instructions sent by the microcontroller.

[0050] The power module consists of an energy storage power supply (in this embodiment, a lithium battery 18650 with a capacity of 2000mAh) and a DC-DC conversion circuit. The DC-DC conversion circuit can be a universal circuit that outputs both 3.3V and 5V voltages, which will not be described in detail in this embodiment. During installation, the energy storage power supply is fixed to the inside of the rear of the helmet with Velcro, which facilitates battery replacement. The DC-DC conversion circuit is soldered to the PCB board of the main control unit. During connection, the output terminal of the energy storage power supply is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC conversion circuit through a wire to power the conversion circuit. The 3.3V voltage is connected to the power supply interface of the signal conditioning circuit of the pressure sensor module 11, the attitude angle sensor module 8, and the photosensor module 10 through wires, respectively. The 5V voltage is connected to the power supply interface of the ultrasonic ranging module 5, the Beidou dual-mode module 1, and the communication module 2 through wires, respectively, to provide the appropriate operating voltage for each module. Example 2

[0051] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that this embodiment provides a specific working principle for an intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception:

[0052] like Figure 7As shown, the working principle of this smart protective helmet is to monitor the riding status and respond to emergencies through the coordinated operation of various modules. When the rider puts on the helmet, each module starts working. In the pressure sensor module 11, the pressure sensor film is pressed by the head, causing its resistance to change with pressure. The output analog signal is filtered to remove high-frequency noise, amplified by an operational amplifier, and then converted into a suitable voltage signal by a voltage divider resistor and transmitted to the microcontroller. The microcontroller converts this into a digital quantity. A digital threshold is preset in the microcontroller; in this embodiment, it is set to 1500. When the system starts, only when the digital quantity collected by the microcontroller is greater than 1500 will it be recognized as correctly wearing the helmet. This judgment logic is based on the characteristic that the greater the pressure, the lower the resistance, and the larger the corresponding digital quantity of the output signal. This ensures that only when the helmet fits tightly against the head is it considered to be in an effective wearing state, thus determining whether the helmet is worn correctly. The distance calculation chip of the ultrasonic ranging module 5 sends a signal to the transmitting probe. A trigger signal is generated, and the transmitting probe produces ultrasonic waves. After being reflected by an obstacle, the receiving probe captures the ultrasonic waves and converts them into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the distance calculation chip. The chip calculates the distance based on the time difference and transmits the data to the microcontroller. The microcontroller has a preset distance threshold of 200cm. When the received distance data is less than 200cm, it is determined that a vehicle is approaching from behind. The microcontroller determines whether a vehicle is approaching from behind and broadcasts the warning through the speaker 9. The speaker 9 is fixed to the helmet side mounting position 13 by a snap-fit ​​structure. The sound-emitting surface of the speaker 9 faces the rider's ear canal to ensure that the warning voice can be clearly perceived. The STM32 microcontroller is connected by wires. When the microcontroller determines that a vehicle is approaching from behind, it sends a control command to the voice module to trigger the speaker 9 to play the preset warning voice.

[0053] The antenna of the Beidou dual-mode module 1 receives satellite signals, and the positioning chip resolves the latitude and longitude coordinates, which are then transmitted to the microcontroller in real time via a serial port. The microcontroller caches the latest position information. The three-axis accelerometer and three-axis gyroscope of the attitude angle sensor module 8 detect the component of gravity and angular velocity respectively and output the data. The sensor fusion chip fuses the two types of data to calculate the angle. The sensor fusion chip performs fusion processing on the two types of data using the KNN algorithm to calculate the pitch angle, roll angle, and other attitude angle data of the helmet. The attitude angle data is then transmitted to the microcontroller in real time. When the angle changes abruptly, an abnormal signal is output to the microcontroller, which determines that the rider has fallen. The resistance of the photoresistor of the photosensitive sensor module 10 changes with the light intensity. The output voltage signal is compared with a preset threshold by a comparator and stabilized by a voltage regulator before being transmitted to the microcontroller. The microcontroller determines whether it is a low-light environment.

[0054] After receiving data from each module, the microcontroller performs logical judgments. Specifically, after receiving attitude angle data, the microcontroller performs dual judgments through built-in logic: First, it monitors whether the single attitude angle value exceeds a preset safety threshold (such as pitch or roll angle greater than 60°); second, it monitors whether the change in attitude angle exceeds a preset sudden change threshold within a short period of time, which is set to 1 second in this embodiment, such as an angle change greater than 60°. When either of the above two conditions is met, the microcontroller combines the characteristics of the cycling scenario (such as normal actions such as not intentionally looking down or turning the head) to eliminate false judgments and finally determines that the cyclist has fallen. If a fall is detected, the latest positioning data of the Beidou dual-mode module 1 is immediately retrieved and a distress command is sent to the communication module 2 via the serial port. After receiving the command, the communication chip of the communication module 2 establishes a GSM network connection with the SIM card inserted into the SIM card slot and forming an electrical connection, and sends a distress SMS containing positioning information to the preset guardian's mobile phone.

[0055] The operation of communication module 2 also includes initialization, network access, and emergency communication phases. During initialization, the power supply provides power to the communication chip, and the chip sends instructions to the SIM card to read authentication information. During the network access phase, the communication chip sends the authentication information to the GSM base station and enters standby mode after establishing a network connection. During the emergency communication phase, it performs operations such as sending SMS messages and making phone calls. If the SIM card is not inserted or the connection is loose, the communication chip cannot read the authentication information, will send a feedback signal, and will be unable to perform emergency communication.

[0056] The above are all preferred embodiments of this utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape and principle of this utility model should be covered within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A smart protective helmet based on multi-pose perception, characterized in that, include: The helmet includes an information monitoring unit, a main control unit, a power module, and a helmet body. The helmet body provides attachment points for the information monitoring unit, the power module, and the main control unit. The main control unit is electrically connected to the information monitoring unit, receives and processes data from the information monitoring unit, and the power module is connected to both the information monitoring unit and the main control unit. The information monitoring unit includes a pressure sensor module (11), an ultrasonic ranging module (5), a Beidou dual-mode module (1), an attitude angle sensor module (8), and a photosensitive sensor module (10). The main control unit includes a microcontroller and a communication module (2). The input terminal of the communication module (2) is connected to the microcontroller. The power supply module includes an energy storage power supply and a DC-DC conversion circuit. The energy storage power supply outputs different voltages through the DC-DC conversion circuit to provide adaptive power to each module.

2. The intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure sensor module (11) includes a pressure-sensitive resistor film and a signal conditioning circuit. The output end of the pressure-sensitive resistor film is connected to the input end of the signal conditioning circuit through a wire. The output end of the signal conditioning circuit is connected to the ADC input pin of the microcontroller through an analog signal output interface. The power supply interface of the signal conditioning circuit is connected to the voltage output interface of the DC-DC conversion circuit.

3. The intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception according to claim 2, characterized in that, The signal conditioning circuit includes a filter composed of an inductor and a ceramic capacitor, and an operational amplifier. The input terminal of the filter is connected to the output terminal of the varistor film. The non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the filter. The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to its own output terminal through a feedback resistor. The output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the ADC input pin of the microcontroller through a voltage divider resistor.

4. The intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photosensitive sensor module (10) includes a photoresistor, a comparator, and a voltage regulator. The output terminal of the photoresistor is connected to the input terminal of the comparator, the output terminal of the comparator is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator, and the output terminal of the voltage regulator is connected to the ADC input pin of the microcontroller via a wire. The power supply pins of the comparator and the voltage regulator are both connected to the voltage output interface of the DC-DC conversion circuit.

5. The intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception according to claim 1, characterized in that, The attitude angle sensor module (8) includes a MEMS inertial measurement unit, a sensor fusion chip, a data interface, and a module housing. The input end of the sensor fusion chip is connected to the output end of the MEMS inertial measurement unit. The output end of the sensor fusion chip is connected to the serial port receiver of the microcontroller through the data interface. The module housing is used to encapsulate the MEMS inertial measurement unit and the sensor fusion chip. The module housing is fixedly connected to the top shockproof base (6) in the center of the helmet body through a snap-fit ​​structure.

6. The intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception according to claim 5, characterized in that, The MEMS inertial measurement unit includes a three-axis accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope. The input end of the sensor fusion chip is connected to the output end of the three-axis accelerometer and the output end of the three-axis gyroscope respectively via data cables, for fusing acceleration data and angular velocity data and outputting attitude angle.

7. The intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic ranging module (5) includes an ultrasonic transmitting probe, an ultrasonic receiving probe, a distance calculation chip, and a mounting housing (7). The ultrasonic transmitting probe is embedded in one side of the front end of the mounting housing (7) through a snap-fit ​​structure. The signal input end of the ultrasonic transmitting probe is connected to the transmitting control end of the distance calculation chip through a connecting cable. The ultrasonic receiving probe is embedded in the other side of the front end of the mounting housing (7) through a snap-fit ​​structure. The signal output end of the ultrasonic receiving probe is connected to the receiving input end of the distance calculation chip through a connecting cable. The distance calculation chip is fixed to the base (6) inside the mounting housing (7) by adhesive bonding.

8. The intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mounting shell (7) is an arc-shaped shell that fits the rear profile of the helmet. The mounting shell (7) has two symmetrical protruding buckles on its back. The mounting shell (7) is fixedly installed to the corresponding slot of the mounting position (12) at the rear of the helmet body through the protruding buckles. The mounting shell (7) has a shock-absorbing base (6) inside. The distance calculation chip is attached to the shock-absorbing base (6).

9. The intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Beidou dual-mode module (1) includes an RF front-end and a baseband processor. The output of the RF front-end is connected to the input of the baseband processor through an internal circuit. The output of the baseband processor is connected to the serial port receiving pin of the microcontroller through a UART interface according to the NMEA0183 protocol. The power supply interface of the baseband processor is connected to the voltage output interface of the energy storage power supply through an LDO voltage regulator circuit.

10. The intelligent protective helmet based on multi-pose perception according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication module (2) includes a communication chip and a SIM card slot. The interface pins of the SIM card slot are connected to the SIM card data interface pins of the communication chip via internal wires. The instruction input terminal of the communication chip is connected to the serial port output terminal of the microcontroller via a data cable to receive distress trigger commands.

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