Self-expanding fireproof sealing plate

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of fireproof plate materials, and particularly discloses a self-expanding fireproof sealing plate, two mutually spliced outer decorative plates and an internal supporting structure cooperatively form a stable initial packaging frame; a plurality of groups of expansion plates rotationally connected at the heads and the tails are uniformly arranged in the circumferences, and cooperate with preset mechanical potential energy of a force storage mechanism to quickly release a deformation driving force when triggered by high temperature, so that the expansion plates are directionally unfolded to the edges of the outer decorative plates. The structure remarkably improves the expansion triggering speed and the direction controllability through a mechanical preloading and thermal response linkage mechanism, overcomes the filling lag and direction disorder problems caused by passive thermal expansion of traditional plate materials, and simultaneously ensures that there is no dead zone coverage at the hole edges due to the circumferential uniform unfolding characteristics, so that the fireproof sealing reliability is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fireproof board technology, and in particular to a self-expanding fireproof sealing board. Background Technology

[0002] Fire-resistant sealing panels are a key fire-resistant material used in construction, shipbuilding, and power facilities. They primarily work by sealing and isolating openings and pipe penetrations in buildings to prevent the spread of flames, high temperatures, and toxic fumes. Their core function is to buy time for evacuation and firefighting during a fire through physical barriers and thermal protection, while simultaneously protecting critical equipment from high-temperature damage. These panels are widely used in scenarios such as cable trays penetrating walls and ventilation ducts running through them, and are a core component for ensuring fire-resistant compartments in buildings.

[0003] Fire-resistant sealing panels typically employ a multi-layered composite structure, usually consisting of an expansion layer, a support layer, and a sealing layer. The expansion layer, primarily composed of expanded graphite, vermiculite, or silicate materials, expands in volume upon heating, forming a dense carbonized layer. These panels generally rely on the spontaneous expansion of the material upon heating to fill gaps, supplemented by external fixing devices such as bolts and anchors to complete the sealing process.

[0004] Although existing fireproof sealing boards have basic fireproof functions, in practical applications, the expansion behavior of intumescent materials depends entirely on the material itself, resulting in delayed expansion initiation and uncontrollable filling direction, making it difficult to quickly form a uniform sealing area. Therefore, improvements are needed. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to overcome the technical problems of delayed start-up and uncontrollable filling direction caused by the passive response of the expansion material in the above-mentioned fireproof sealing board, this application provides a self-expanding fireproof sealing board.

[0006] This application provides a self-expanding fireproof sealing board, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A self-expanding fireproof sealing panel includes two exterior panels that are spliced ​​and fixed together. Two sets of support structures are provided between the two exterior panels for support. Multiple sets of expansion plates are provided between the two support structures and are rotatably connected end to end. The expansion plates are evenly spaced in the circumference, and multiple sets of energy storage mechanisms are provided at their close ends. Each energy storage mechanism is connected to its corresponding expansion plate. When the exterior panel is in a high-temperature environment, each set of energy storage mechanisms drives the corresponding expansion plate to expand towards the edge of the exterior panel.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the two interlocking outer panels and the internal support structure work together to form a stable initial encapsulation frame. Multiple sets of expansion plates, connected end-to-end, are evenly distributed circumferentially. Combined with the pre-set mechanical potential energy of the energy storage mechanism, the deformation driving force is rapidly released upon high-temperature triggering, causing the expansion plates to directionally expand towards the edge of the outer panel. This structure, through a mechanical preload and thermal response linkage mechanism, significantly improves the expansion triggering speed and directional controllability, overcoming the problems of delayed filling and directional disorder caused by the passive thermal expansion of traditional panels. Simultaneously, the circumferentially uniform expansion characteristic ensures no blind spots at the edges of the holes, greatly improving the reliability of the fireproof seal.

[0009] Optionally, the power storage mechanism includes a fixed ring, a connecting rod, an elastic element, and a high-temperature melting element. The fixed ring is fixedly installed at the middle position of the ends of each of the folding plates. The connecting rod slides through the fixed ring, with one end located inside the fixed ring and the other end extending out of the fixed ring and movably connected to the end expansion plate away from the fixed ring. A rotational allowance is reserved between the connecting rod and the fixed ring.

[0010] The elastic element is sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod, with one end fixed to the outer wall of the connecting rod and the other end fixed to the outer wall of the fixed ring. The elastic element is in a compressed state. The high-temperature melting element is fixed on the connecting rod inside the fixed ring and can overcome the elastic force of the elastic element so that there is no mutual displacement between the connecting rod and the fixed ring.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the fixing ring and connecting rod form a rigid guiding assembly, ensuring the accuracy of the expansion plate's deployment path. The pre-compressed state of the elastic element stores sufficient mechanical energy. After the high-temperature molten part fails due to heat, the elastic element quickly releases its elastic force to push the connecting rod to slide, thereby causing the expansion plate to deploy in a directional manner. This design achieves explosive deployment of the expansion plate through the synergistic effect of pre-stored elastic potential energy and heat-triggered release, solving the response delay problem caused by traditional expansion materials relying on their own foaming rate. At the same time, the sliding through-structure provides adaptive fine-tuning capability for the deployment process, effectively coping with installation errors or substrate deformation.

[0012] Optionally, a limiting block is fixed on the connecting rod on the side of the high-temperature melting element away from the fixed ring. The limiting block can limit the movement of the connecting rod when the high-temperature melting element melts.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the spatial fit between the limiting block and the high-temperature melting component physically limits the sliding displacement of the connecting rod after the melting component fails, preventing excessive rebound of the elastic component from causing the expansion plate to exceed its unfolding angle. This structure, through its mechanical hard-limiting design, ensures that the expansion plate automatically locks after unfolding to the predetermined position, avoiding secondary displacement caused by inertia or external disturbances. This maintains a stable unfolding shape and sealing interface, improving the structural reliability of the system in dynamic fire environments.

[0014] Optionally, each of the expansion plates is fixed with fiberglass cloth.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the fiberglass cloth fixed on the surface of the expansion plate maintains high strength and flexibility at high temperatures, providing tear-resistant protection for the expansion plate during unfolding and forming a composite reinforcement structure with the carbonized layer after expansion. This design, through the interfacial synergy between the fiber cloth and the metal expansion plate, effectively suppresses the risk of cracking or delamination of the plate during expansion. Simultaneously, its porous nature allows for the smooth release of gas from the expansion material, preventing damage to the seal caused by internal pressure buildup.

[0016] Optionally, high-temperature expansion material is filled between adjacent expansion plates.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the high-temperature expansion material filling the space between adjacent expansion plates undergoes secondary expansion when heated, utilizing the gaps formed after the expansion plates unfold for deep penetration and filling. This design, through the sequential coordination of active and passive expansion mechanisms, achieves rapid sealing of macroscopic gaps during the initial expansion (mechanical unfolding) and precise filling of microscopic pores during the secondary expansion (material foaming), forming a multi-scale sealing barrier. This significantly improves fire resistance and smoke blocking capabilities, making it particularly suitable for complex working conditions such as cable bundles and irregular holes.

[0018] Optionally, the support structure includes a plurality of intersecting and fixed rods, the ends of which are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the corresponding outer trim panel.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the intersecting and fixed rods form a stable mesh support frame, and the rigid connection between its ends and the inner wall of the outer panel ensures the overall structural resistance to deformation of the panel under high temperature. This design effectively resists the multi-directional forces generated when the expansion plates are deployed through the stress dispersion effect of the intersecting nodes, preventing the outer panel from warping or tearing due to local stress concentration. At the same time, it provides precise trajectory constraints for the directional deployment of the expansion plates, ensuring that each expansion plate moves synchronously in the circumferential direction, avoiding asynchronous deployment or jamming problems caused by insufficient support stiffness, thereby improving the structural stability and operational reliability of the system under extreme thermal loads.

[0020] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0021] This solution constructs a composite structure that combines rigidity and deformation adaptability by using an exterior panel splicing frame, a cross-fixed rod support structure, and circumferentially evenly distributed expansion plates. Combined with the pre-stored mechanical potential energy of the elastic energy storage mechanism and the high-temperature trigger release mechanism, the expansion plates can be rapidly and directionally deployed after being heated. This design breaks through the traditional passive expansion mode, deeply integrating mechanical energy drive and material thermal response, and solving the problems of expansion lag, uncontrollable direction, and filling blind spots in the existing technology. At the same time, the mesh rigid frame of the support structure ensures the synchronicity and stability of the deployment action.

[0022] This solution is based on the linkage design of high-temperature melting parts, elastic parts and limiting blocks to form a hierarchical control logic of "thermal triggering-elastic release-hard limiting". The pre-storage and controlled release of elastic potential energy realizes the explosive expansion of the expansion plate. The physical constraint of the limiting block prevents overshoot. The fixed rod network of the support structure further constrains the expansion trajectory. This mechanism improves the response speed while ensuring the accuracy of the expansion shape, and solves the problems of interface peeling and structural instability caused by unconstrained expansion of traditional plates.

[0023] This solution forms a dual sealing barrier of "rapid mechanical sealing + deep material penetration" through the sequential coordination of mechanical deployment and secondary material expansion. Fiberglass cloth enhances the tear resistance of the interface, and the cross-support structure maintains the stability of the expanded shape. This system breaks through the limitation of relying solely on material expansion, achieving full-scale sealing of macroscopic gaps and microscopic pores, and significantly improving fire resistance limit and dynamic environmental adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a self-expanding fireproof sealing plate according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a self-expanding fireproof sealing board;

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a self-expanding fireproof sealing board.

[0027] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Exterior trim panel; 11. Support structure; 111. Fixing rod; 2. Expansion plate; 3. Power storage mechanism; 31. Fixing ring; 32. Connecting rod; 33. Elastic component; 34. High-temperature melting component; 4. Limiting block. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-3 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0029] This application discloses a self-expanding fireproof sealing plate.

[0030] A self-expanding fireproof sealing board, as described in the reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 It includes two exterior trim panels 1 that are spliced ​​and fixed together. The two exterior trim panels 1 are fixedly connected by special glue. Two sets of support structures 11 are provided between the two exterior trim panels 1 for support. Multiple sets of expansion plates 2 are provided between the two support structures 11 and are rotatably connected end to end. Each set of expansion plates 2 is evenly spaced in the circumference, and multiple sets of power storage mechanisms 3 are provided at the ends that are close to each other. Each power storage mechanism 3 is connected to the corresponding set of expansion plates 2. When the exterior trim panel 1 is in a high temperature environment, each set of power storage mechanisms 3 drives the corresponding expansion plate 2 to unfold towards the edge of the exterior trim panel 1.

[0031] Two interlocking exterior panels 1 and the internal support structure 11 work together to form a stable initial encapsulation frame; multiple sets of expansion plates 2 with rotating ends are evenly distributed around the circumference, and with the mechanical potential energy pre-set by the power storage mechanism 3, the deformation driving force is quickly released when triggered by high temperature, causing the expansion plates 2 to expand directionally towards the edge of the exterior panel 1.

[0032] This structure significantly improves the expansion triggering speed and directional controllability through a mechanical preload and thermal response linkage mechanism, overcoming the problems of delayed filling and directional disorder caused by the passive thermal expansion of traditional boards. At the same time, the circumferential uniform expansion characteristic ensures that there are no blind spots at the edges of the holes, greatly improving the reliability of fireproof sealing.

[0033] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The power storage mechanism 3 includes a fixed ring 31, a connecting rod 32, an elastic element 33, and a high-temperature melting element 34. The fixed ring 31 is fixedly installed at the middle position of the ends of each folding plate. The connecting rod 32 slides through the fixed ring 31, with one end located inside the fixed ring 31 and the other end extending out of the fixed ring 31 and movably connected to the end expansion plate 2 at the end away from the fixed ring 31. A rotational allowance is reserved between the connecting rod and the fixed ring 31.

[0034] The elastic element 33 is a compression spring. The elastic element 33 is sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod 32. One end is fixed to the outer wall of the connecting rod 32, and the other end is fixed to the outer wall of the fixing ring 31. The elastic element 33 is in a compressed state. The high-temperature melting element 34 is made of bismuth-based alloy. The high-temperature melting element 34 is fixed on the connecting rod 32 inside the fixing ring 31 and can overcome the elastic force of the elastic element 33 so that there is no mutual displacement between the connecting rod 32 and the fixing ring 31.

[0035] The fixed ring 31 and the connecting rod 32 form a rigid guiding assembly to ensure the accuracy of the expansion plate 2's deployment path. The elastic element 33 stores sufficient mechanical energy in its pre-compressed state. After the high-temperature molten element 34 fails due to heat, the elastic element 33 quickly releases its elastic force to push the connecting rod 32 to slide, thereby causing the expansion plate 2 to deploy in a directional manner. This design achieves the explosive deployment of the expansion plate 2 through the synergistic effect of pre-stored elastic potential energy and heat-triggered release, solving the response delay problem caused by the reliance on the foaming rate of traditional expansion materials. At the same time, the sliding through-structure provides adaptive fine-tuning capability for the deployment process, effectively addressing installation errors or substrate deformation.

[0036] A limiting block 4 is fixed on the connecting rod 32 on the side of the high-temperature melting component 34 away from the fixed ring 31. The limiting block 4 can limit the movement of the connecting rod 32 when the high-temperature melting component 34 melts.

[0037] The spatial fit between the limiting block 4 and the high-temperature melting component 34 physically limits the sliding displacement of the connecting rod 32 after the melting component fails, preventing excessive rebound of the elastic component 33 and thus preventing the expansion plate 2 from exceeding its unfolding angle. This structure, through mechanical hard limiting design, ensures that the expansion plate 2 automatically locks after unfolding to the predetermined position, avoiding secondary displacement caused by inertia or external disturbances, thereby maintaining a stable unfolding shape and sealing interface, and improving the structural reliability of the system in dynamic fire environments.

[0038] Each expansion plate 2 is fixed with fiberglass cloth. The fiberglass cloth fixed to the surface of the expansion plate 2 maintains high strength and flexibility at high temperatures, providing tear-resistant protection for the expansion plate 2 during expansion and forming a composite reinforcement structure with the carbonized layer after expansion. This design effectively suppresses the risk of cracking or delamination of the plate during expansion through the synergistic interface between the fiber cloth and the metal expansion plate 2. At the same time, its porous nature allows the gas in the expansion material to be released smoothly, avoiding damage to the seal caused by internal pressure accumulation.

[0039] Both adjacent expansion plates 2 are filled with a high-temperature expansion material, which is a composite of vermiculite and sodium silicate, combined with sodium bicarbonate foaming agent. The high-temperature expansion material filling the space between adjacent expansion plates 2 undergoes secondary expansion when heated, and deep penetration and filling are achieved by utilizing the gaps formed after the expansion plates 2 are expanded. This design, through the sequential coordination of active and passive expansion mechanisms, achieves rapid closure of macroscopic gaps during the initial expansion (mechanical expansion) and precise filling of microscopic pores during the secondary expansion (material foaming), forming a multi-scale sealing barrier. This significantly improves the fire resistance limit and smoke blocking ability, and is especially suitable for complex working conditions such as cable bundles and irregular holes.

[0040] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3The support structure 11 includes multiple intersecting and fixed rods 111. The ends of each fixed rod 111 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the corresponding outer trim panel 1. The intersecting and fixed rods 111 form a stable mesh support frame. The rigid connection between the ends of the rods and the inner wall of the outer trim panel 1 ensures the deformation resistance of the overall structure of the panel at high temperatures.

[0041] This design effectively resists the multi-directional forces generated when the expansion plate 2 is deployed by dispersing the stress at the intersection nodes, preventing the outer panel 1 from warping or tearing due to local stress concentration. At the same time, it provides precise trajectory constraints for the directional deployment of the expansion plate 2, ensuring that each expansion plate 2 moves synchronously in the circumference, avoiding asynchronous deployment or jamming caused by insufficient support stiffness, thereby improving the structural stability and operational reliability of the system under extreme thermal loads.

[0042] The implementation principle of a self-expanding fireproof sealing board in this application embodiment is as follows: at room temperature, the board stores mechanical potential energy through the energy storage mechanism 3, and the expansion plate 2 is encapsulated in a folded form within a rigid support frame composed of the outer trim panel 1 and the cross fixing rod 111.

[0043] When the ambient temperature rises to a set threshold, the high-temperature melting component 34 fails, and the elastic component 33 instantly releases its pre-stored elastic force, pushing the connecting rod 32 to slide and causing the circumferentially evenly distributed expansion plates 2 to unfold directionally towards the edge of the outer trim panel 1. This process, through the precise coordination of mechanical energy preloading and thermal triggering, achieves a rapid switching of the expansion plates 2 from a folded state to an unfolded state, solving the hysteresis problem of traditional passive expansion materials.

[0044] During the unfolding process, the limiting block 4 physically limits the sliding displacement of the connecting rod 32, ensuring that the unfolding angle of the expansion plate 2 remains stable within the preset range and preventing misalignment of the sealing interface caused by overshoot. Fiberglass cloth covers the surface of the expansion plate 2, maintaining its tear resistance in the unfolded shape at high temperatures and preventing the carbonized layer from cracking.

[0045] After the expansion plate 2 unfolds to form a macroscopic sealing skeleton, the high-temperature expansion material pre-filled between adjacent plates undergoes secondary expansion at temperatures above 300°C, permeating and filling the micropores along the gaps between the expansion plates 2. During this process, the porous structure of the fiberglass cloth allows for the smooth release of gas from the expansion material, while simultaneously intertwining with the carbonized layer to form a ceramic composite sealing layer. The sequential synergy between mechanical unfolding and material expansion achieves full-scale sealing from millimeter-level gaps to micrometer-level pores, significantly improving the fire resistance limit.

[0046] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A self-expanding firestop panel, characterized by: It includes two exterior panels (1) that are spliced ​​and fixed together. Two sets of support structures (11) are provided between the two exterior panels (1). Multiple sets of expansion plates (2) are provided between the two support structures (11) and rotated sequentially from end to end. Each set of expansion plates (2) is evenly spaced in the circumferential direction, and multiple sets of energy storage mechanisms (3) are provided at the ends that are close to each other. Each energy storage mechanism (3) is connected to the corresponding set of expansion plates (2). When the exterior panel (1) is in a high-temperature environment, each set of energy storage mechanisms (3) drives the corresponding expansion plate (2) to unfold towards the edge of the exterior panel (1).

2. The self-inflating firestop panel of claim 1, wherein: The power storage mechanism (3) includes a fixed ring (31), a connecting rod (32), an elastic element (33), and a high-temperature melting element (34). The fixed ring (31) is fixedly installed at the middle position of the ends of each of the folding plates. The connecting rod (32) slides through the fixed ring (31), with one end located inside the fixed ring (31) and the other end extending out of the fixed ring (31) and movably connected to the end expansion plate (2) at the end away from the fixed ring (31). A rotational allowance is reserved between the connecting rod and the fixed ring (31). The elastic element (33) is sleeved on the outside of the connecting rod (32), with one end fixed to the outer wall of the connecting rod (32) and the other end fixed to the outer wall of the fixing ring (31). The elastic element (33) is in a compressed state. The high-temperature melting element (34) is fixed on the connecting rod (32) inside the fixing ring (31) and can overcome the elastic force of the elastic element (33) so that there is no mutual displacement between the connecting rod (32) and the fixing ring (31).

3. A self-inflating firestop panel according to claim 2, wherein: A limiting block (4) is fixed on the connecting rod (32) on the side of the high-temperature melting component (34) away from the fixed ring (31). The limiting block (4) can limit the movement of the connecting rod (32) when the high-temperature melting component (34) melts.

4. The self-inflating firestop panel of claim 1, wherein: Each of the expansion plates (2) is fixed with fiberglass cloth.

5. The self-inflating firestop panel of claim 1, wherein: High-temperature expansion material is filled between adjacent expansion plates (2).

6. The self-expanding fireproof sealing board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support structure (11) includes a plurality of intersecting and fixed rods (111), the ends of which are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the corresponding outer trim panel (1).

Images