A simple, high-efficiency, wide-band waveguide structure for polarization orthogonal conversion

Abstract

The utility model discloses a simple, efficient, broadband's waveguide structure of polarization orthogonal conversion belongs to waveguide antenna technical field, including waveguide conversion device, and waveguide conversion device includes H face waveguide transmission line, polarization orthogonal torsion ware and E face waveguide transmission line. Through above -mentioned mode, polarization orthogonal torsion ware changes waveguide transmission line of transmission horizontal polarization electromagnetic wave into waveguide transmission line of propagation vertical polarization electromagnetic wave, and the same reason can also realize vertical polarization becomes horizontal polarization, and the electromagnetic wave of H face waveguide transmission line transmission can be converted into vertical polarization electromagnetic wave through polarization orthogonal torsion ware and can be transmitted in H face waveguide transmission line, wherein H face waveguide transmission line and cavity antenna, slot antenna are connected, and this connecting mode not only can reduce the profile height of waveguide antenna, reduce the space occupied, and still can reduce the processing difficulty of waveguide antenna, improve production efficiency, reduce production cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of waveguide antenna technology, specifically to a simple, high-efficiency, and broadband waveguide structure with polarization orthogonal conversion. Background Technology

[0002] In the context of today's autonomous driving, millimeter-wave radar is a particularly important sensor. In the entire autonomous driving and driver assistance system, millimeter-wave radar needs to provide detection at greater distances and over a wider range compared to previous systems. In this context, traditional PCB antennas, limited by antenna design, PCB insertion loss, and overall radar size, cannot provide the radar with longer detection ranges. Under these circumstances, waveguide antennas, with their air insertion loss, offer significantly higher radiation efficiency compared to PCB antennas. The dielectric insertion loss of PCBs is much greater than that of air, which is a key advantage of waveguide antennas in millimeter-wave radar applications.

[0003] Waveguide antennas not only offer advantages in performance but also in cost. High-frequency PCB materials are expensive, and PCB antenna manufacturing is complex, both contributing to increased costs. Using waveguide antennas eliminates the high costs associated with high-frequency PCB materials and complex PCB fabrication.

[0004] However, existing waveguide antennas also have the following two problems:

[0005] First, it requires high machining precision;

[0006] Second, it has a complex structure and a high cross-section.

[0007] Based on this, this utility model designs a simple, efficient, and broadband polarization orthogonal conversion waveguide structure to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a simple, efficient, and broadband waveguide structure for polarization orthogonal conversion.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0010] A simple, efficient, and broadband polarization orthogonal conversion waveguide structure includes a waveguide conversion device, which includes an H-plane waveguide transmission line, a polarization orthogonal torsion device for converting between the waveguide transmission line of horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves and the waveguide transmission line of vertically polarized electromagnetic waves, and an E-plane waveguide transmission line for transmitting and receiving signals.

[0011] The input port of the H-plane waveguide transmission line is connected to the waveguide antenna, the input port of the polarization orthogonal torsion device is connected to the output port of the H-plane waveguide transmission line, the output port of the polarization orthogonal torsion device is connected to the input port of the E-plane waveguide transmission line, and the output port of the E-plane waveguide transmission line is connected to the electronic system.

[0012] Furthermore, the H-plane waveguide transmission line, polarization orthogonal torsion device, and E-plane waveguide transmission line can be arranged in straight, curved, or folded manner.

[0013] Furthermore, both the H-plane waveguide transmission line and the E-plane waveguide transmission line are rectangular waveguides.

[0014] Furthermore, a ridge may be provided within the waveguide cavity of the rectangular waveguide, and the number of ridges may be one or more, and the form of the ridges may include continuous ridges and segmented ridges.

[0015] Furthermore, the polarization orthogonal torsion device is a square waveguide chamfered structure.

[0016] Furthermore, the square waveguide chamfered structure can be one or more, and the chamfered position can be set at any side or corner of the square waveguide.

[0017] Furthermore, the waveguide antenna includes a cavity antenna and a slot antenna, which are respectively connected to the input port of the H-plane waveguide transmission line.

[0018] Furthermore, the cavity shape of the cavity antenna includes rectangular, circular, and elliptical shapes.

[0019] Furthermore, the slot shape of the slot antenna includes straight, broken, and arc shapes.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are as follows: 1. The polarized orthogonal twisted waveguide structure proposed in this utility model has a simple structure, a large working bandwidth, and a conversion efficiency of up to 99.5% in the bandwidth of 60-100GHz, which can reduce the requirements for processing accuracy and further reduce the processing cost.

[0021] 2. This invention achieves orthogonal torsion of polarization while further reducing the cross-section of the waveguide antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of a simple, efficient, and broadband polarization orthogonal conversion waveguide structure according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of an air cavity of a simple, efficient, and broadband polarization orthogonal conversion waveguide structure according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a waveguide antenna combining a polarization orthogonal torsion device and a cavity waveguide antenna, according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of an air cavity waveguide antenna that combines a polarization orthogonal torsion device and a cavity waveguide antenna according to this utility model.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a waveguide antenna combining a polarization orthogonal torsion device and a slot waveguide antenna, according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of an air cavity for a waveguide antenna that combines a polarization orthogonal torsion device and a slot waveguide antenna according to this utility model.

[0029] Figure 7 The diagram shows the S-parameter results of the polarized orthogonal torsion device of this invention.

[0030] The labels in the diagram represent:

[0031] 10. Waveguide conversion device; 100. H-plane waveguide transmission line; 101. Polarized orthogonal torsion device; 102. E-plane waveguide transmission line; 200. Cavity antenna; 300. Slot antenna. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0033] Example 1: In some embodiments, please refer to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-7 A simple, efficient, and broadband polarization orthogonal conversion waveguide structure includes a waveguide conversion device 10, wherein the waveguide conversion device 10 has a polarization conversion efficiency of not less than 99.5% within a bandwidth of 60-100 GHz.

[0034] The waveguide conversion device 10 includes an H-plane waveguide transmission line 100, a polarization orthogonal torsion device 101 for converting between the waveguide transmission line of horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves and the waveguide transmission line of vertically polarized electromagnetic waves, and an E-plane waveguide transmission line 102 for transmitting and receiving signals; the waveguide conversion device 10 has a polarization conversion efficiency of not less than 99.5% within a bandwidth of 60-100 GHz.

[0035] The input port of the H-plane waveguide transmission line 100 is connected to the waveguide antenna;

[0036] The waveguide antenna includes a cavity antenna 200 and a slot antenna 300, etc., and the cavity antenna 200 and the slot antenna 300 can be fed in various ways, such as series feeding, parallel feeding, series-parallel feeding, etc.

[0037] When series feeding is used, the feed lines are connected to each radiating unit in sequence; when parallel feeding is used, the feed lines are connected to each radiating unit simultaneously; when series-parallel feeding is used, it combines the methods of series feeding and parallel feeding.

[0038] The cavity antenna 200 and the slot antenna 300 are respectively connected to the input port of the H-plane waveguide transmission line 100. Effect: This reduces the profile of the waveguide antenna and also reduces the fabrication difficulty.

[0039] The cavity shape of the cavity antenna 200 includes rectangular, circular, and elliptical shapes.

[0040] The slot shape of the slot antenna 300 includes straight, broken, and arc shapes.

[0041] The input port of the polarization orthogonal torsion transformer 101 is connected to the output port of the H-plane waveguide transmission line 100, and the output port of the polarization orthogonal torsion transformer 101 is connected to the input port of the E-plane waveguide transmission line 102. The output port of the E-plane waveguide transmission line 102 is connected to the electronic system.

[0042] Effect: The polarization orthogonal torsion device 101 transforms the waveguide transmission line that transmits horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves into a waveguide transmission line that transmits vertically polarized electromagnetic waves. Similarly, it can also realize the transformation of vertical polarization into horizontal polarization. The electromagnetic waves transmitted by the H-plane waveguide transmission line 100 can be transformed into vertically polarized electromagnetic waves that can be transmitted in the H-plane waveguide transmission line 100 after passing through the polarization orthogonal torsion device 101.

[0043] The H-plane waveguide transmission line 100 is connected to the waveguide antenna. This connection method can not only reduce the profile height of the waveguide antenna and reduce the space occupied, but also reduce the processing difficulty of the waveguide antenna, improve production efficiency, and reduce production costs.

[0044] The H-plane waveguide transmission line 100, the polarization orthogonal torsion generator 101, and the E-plane waveguide transmission line 102 can be arranged in a straight, curved, or folded manner.

[0045] The polarization orthogonal torsion device 101 is integrally formed with the H-plane waveguide transmission line 100 and the E-plane waveguide transmission line 102, and the manufacturing process includes casting, machining and 3D printing.

[0046] Both the H-plane waveguide transmission line 100 and the E-plane waveguide transmission line 102 are rectangular waveguides. Ridges can be provided inside the waveguide cavity of the rectangular waveguide. The number of ridges can be one or more, and the form of the ridges includes continuous ridges and segmented ridges.

[0047] The polarization orthogonal torsion device 101 is a square waveguide chamfered structure, and the number and position of the chamfers are not limited; that is, the number of square waveguide chamfered structures is one or more, and the chamfer position can be set at any side or corner of the square waveguide.

[0048] In the specific implementation process, the structure of cavity antenna 200 and slot antenna 300 (such as whether to set a ridge, the number and form of the ridge, etc.), the number and position of the chamfer of polarization orthogonal torsion transformer 101, as well as the form and feeding method of waveguide antenna can be flexibly selected according to different application scenarios and performance requirements in order to achieve the best performance.

[0049] Example 2: In some embodiments, such as Figures 3-4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of this utility model, this embodiment consists of a waveguide conversion device 10 and a cavity antenna 200. The waveguide conversion device 10 includes an H-plane waveguide transmission line 100, a polarization orthogonal torsion transformer 101, and an E-plane waveguide transmission line 102 connected in sequence. The cavity antenna 200 is connected to the H-plane waveguide transmission line 100, and the E-plane waveguide transmission line 102 is connected to the electronic system to realize signal transmission and reception.

[0050] The cavity antenna 200 has a rectangular cavity shape, and the cavity is filled with air to reduce losses. The cavity antenna 200 is fed in series, with the feed lines sequentially connected to each radiating element. This feeding method ensures phase consistency among the radiating elements and improves the antenna's radiation performance.

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, 202, 203, 024, and 205 are all radiation ports;

[0052] When the electronic system emits horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves, these waves are first transmitted to the polarization orthogonal torsion transformer 101 via the E-plane waveguide transmission line 102. In the polarization orthogonal torsion transformer 101, the horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves are converted into vertically polarized electromagnetic waves. Then, the vertically polarized electromagnetic waves are transmitted to the cavity antenna 200 via the H-plane waveguide transmission line 100, and are radiated into space by the cavity antenna 200.

[0053] Example 3: In some embodiments, such as Figures 5-6 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment consists of a waveguide conversion device 10 and a slot antenna 300. The waveguide conversion device 10 includes an H-plane waveguide transmission line 100, a polarization orthogonal torsion transformer 101, and an E-plane waveguide transmission line 102 connected in sequence.

[0054] The slot antenna 300 is connected to the H-plane waveguide transmission line 100, and the E-plane waveguide transmission line 102 is connected to the electronic system to realize signal transmission and reception.

[0055] The slot shape of the slot antenna 300 is a polygonal shape, which increases the effective radiating area of ​​the antenna and improves its gain. The slot antenna 300 is fed in parallel, with the feed lines simultaneously connecting each slot radiating element to ensure that the excitation amplitude and phase of each radiating element are consistent.

[0056] like Figure 6 As shown, 302, 303, 304, and 305 are all radiation ports;

[0057] When the electronic system emits horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic waves are transmitted through the E-plane waveguide transmission line 102 to the polarization orthogonal torsion transformer 101, where polarization conversion is completed, transforming them into vertically polarized electromagnetic waves. Then, the vertically polarized electromagnetic waves are transmitted through the H-plane waveguide transmission line 100 to the slot antenna 300, and radiated into space by the slot antenna 300.

[0058] Example 4: In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown in the figure, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Sparameter (scattering parameter) result diagram is used to characterize the electromagnetic performance of the waveguide conversion device 10 at different frequencies. By analyzing the S11 and S21 parameters in the figure, the performance of the device in signal transmission and reflection can be evaluated, providing a key basis for its performance optimization and practical application.

[0059] S11 represents the reflection coefficient of port 1, reflecting how much energy of the signal input from port 1 is reflected back to port 1. In the frequency range of 60-100 GHz, a smaller S11 value means less reflected energy and better matching between the waveguide converter 10 and external connecting components such as waveguide antennas and transmission lines. When S11 is below -20 dB, it indicates that less than 1% of the input signal is reflected, and most of the energy can be transmitted smoothly, reducing signal reflection loss at the port and improving transmission efficiency.

[0060] S21 represents the transmission coefficient from port 1 to port 2, reflecting the proportion of energy output from port 1 to port 2 after the signal is input at port 1. Within a bandwidth of 60-100GHz, the closer the value of S21 is to 0dB, the smaller the energy loss during transmission and the higher the signal transmission efficiency.

[0061] If the waveguide conversion device 10 has a S21 close to 0dB in a specific frequency band, combined with the polarization conversion efficiency of up to 99.5% mentioned above, it indicates that not only is the polarization conversion effect good, but the signal can also maintain a high energy level during transmission, thus ensuring the quality of signal transmission.

[0062] Port 1 is located at the connection between the H-plane waveguide transmission line 100 and the polarization orthogonal torsion device 101, and its main function is to receive electromagnetic wave signals from the waveguide antenna.

[0063] Port 2 is located at the connection between the E-plane waveguide transmission line 102 and the polarization orthogonal torsion device 101. The electromagnetic wave, after its polarization direction is changed by the polarization orthogonal torsion device 101, will be output from this port and transmitted to the electronic system.

[0064] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A simple, high-efficiency, and broadband waveguide structure for polarization orthogonal conversion, characterized in that: The device includes a waveguide conversion device (10), which includes an H-plane waveguide transmission line (100), a polarization orthogonal torsion device (101) for converting the waveguide transmission line of horizontally polarized electromagnetic waves to the waveguide transmission line of vertically polarized electromagnetic waves, and an E-plane waveguide transmission line (102) for transmitting and receiving signals. The input port of the H-plane waveguide transmission line (100) is connected to the waveguide antenna, the input port of the polarization orthogonal torsion transformer (101) is connected to the output port of the H-plane waveguide transmission line (100), the output port of the polarization orthogonal torsion transformer (101) is connected to the input port of the E-plane waveguide transmission line (102), and the output port of the E-plane waveguide transmission line (102) is connected to the electronic system.

2. The simple, high-efficiency, and broadband polarization orthogonal conversion waveguide structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The H-plane waveguide transmission line (100), the polarization orthogonal torsion device (101), and the E-plane waveguide transmission line (102) can be arranged in a straight, curved, or folded manner.

3. The simple, high-efficiency, and broadband polarization orthogonal conversion waveguide structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the H-plane waveguide transmission line (100) and the E-plane waveguide transmission line (102) are rectangular waveguides.

4. The simple, high-efficiency, and broadband polarization orthogonal conversion waveguide structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rectangular waveguide has a ridge inside its waveguide cavity. The number of ridges can be one or more, and the ridges can be continuous or segmented.

5. The simple, high-efficiency, and broadband polarization orthogonal conversion waveguide structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The polarization orthogonal torsion device (101) is a square waveguide chamfered structure.

6. The simple, high-efficiency, and broadband polarization orthogonal conversion waveguide structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The square waveguide chamfer structure can be one or more, and the chamfer position can be set at any side or corner of the square waveguide.

7. The simple, high-efficiency, and broadband polarization orthogonal conversion waveguide structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waveguide antenna includes a cavity antenna (200) and a slot antenna (300), which are respectively connected to the input port of the H-plane waveguide transmission line (100).

8. The simple, high-efficiency, and broadband polarization orthogonal conversion waveguide structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cavity shape of the cavity antenna (200) includes rectangular, circular and elliptical shapes.

9. The simple, high-efficiency, and broadband polarization orthogonal conversion waveguide structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The slot shape of the slot antenna (300) includes straight, broken, and arc shapes.

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