Battery controller and battery equalization system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a battery controller and battery equalization system, wherein, each battery controller is suitable for connecting one battery module, and each battery module includes a plurality of battery monomer, and the battery controller includes: input interface is suitable for connecting the first output interface of one battery controller or the second output interface of equalization host through a equalization bus, first output interface is suitable for connecting the input interface of next battery controller through another equalization bus, acquisition unit and first communication unit, and acquisition unit is configured to collect the voltage information of corresponding battery module, and first communication unit is configured to send the voltage information of corresponding battery module to equalization host, so that equalization host generates control instruction according to the voltage information of each battery module, switching unit is configured to switch corresponding battery module or corresponding battery monomer and equalization host intercommunication according to control instruction, so as to carry out voltage sharing to corresponding battery module or corresponding battery monomer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery controller and a battery balancing system. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, battery balancing technology mainly includes passive balancing and active balancing. Passive balancing generally involves adding bypass circuits to the battery module to consume energy from the high-voltage battery module, or adding bypass circuits between individual battery cells within the battery module to consume energy from the high-voltage individual battery cells. However, this method has the problems of large energy waste and serious heat generation. Active balancing transfers electrical energy from the high-voltage battery pack to the low-voltage battery pack (balancing between battery modules), or transfers electrical energy from the high-voltage individual battery cells to the low-voltage individual battery cells through a series of control circuits (balancing individual battery cells within the battery module). However, active balancing schemes are relatively simple and can only achieve balancing between battery packs or within battery packs, and cannot simultaneously take into account the consistency of capacity between packs and the consistency of capacity within packs. Utility Model Content

[0003] This utility model aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. Therefore, the first objective of this utility model is to provide a battery controller that, through a switching unit, can switch the connection between a battery module or a battery cell and the equalization host, enabling the equalization host to perform inter-group equalization of battery modules or intra-group equalization of battery cells, satisfying both equalization requirements and achieving a balance between inter-group capacity consistency and intra-group capacity consistency.

[0004] The second objective of this invention is to propose a battery balancing system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, a battery controller is provided according to a first aspect of the present invention. The battery controller comprises multiple controllers, each adapted to connect to a battery module. Each battery module includes multiple battery cells connected in series. The battery controller includes: an input interface adapted to connect to a first output interface of a previous battery controller or a second output interface of an equalization host via an equalization bus; a first output interface adapted to connect to the input interface of a next battery controller via another equalization bus; a data acquisition unit and a first communication unit, the first communication unit being connected to the data acquisition unit. The data acquisition unit is configured to acquire voltage information of the corresponding battery module, and the first communication unit is configured to send the voltage information of the corresponding battery module to the equalization host, so that the equalization host generates control commands based on the voltage information of each battery module; and a switching unit, the switching unit being connected to the input interface and the first output interface respectively, and adapted to connect to each battery cell in the corresponding battery module. The switching unit is configured to switch the connection between the corresponding battery module or the corresponding battery cell and the equalization host according to the control commands, so that the equalization host performs voltage equalization on the corresponding battery module or the corresponding battery cell.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a battery controller includes an input interface, a first output interface, a data acquisition unit, a first communication unit, and a switching unit. The input interface is adapted to connect to the first output interface of a previous battery controller or the second output interface of a balancing host via a balancing bus. The first output interface is adapted to connect to the input interface of a next battery controller via another balancing bus. The first communication unit is connected to the data acquisition unit, which is configured to acquire voltage information of the corresponding battery module. The first communication unit is configured to send the voltage information of the corresponding battery module to the balancing host, so that the balancing host can generate control commands based on the voltage information of each battery module. The switching unit is connected to both the input interface and the first output interface, and is adapted to connect to each individual battery cell in the corresponding battery module. The switching unit is configured to switch the connection between the corresponding battery module or the corresponding individual battery cell and the balancing host according to the control commands, so that the balancing host can perform voltage equalization on the corresponding battery module or the corresponding individual battery cell. Thus, the switching unit can switch the connection between the battery module or the individual battery cell and the balancing host, so that the balancing host can perform inter-group balancing on the battery module or intra-group balancing on the individual battery cell, satisfying both balancing requirements and achieving a balance between inter-group capacity consistency and intra-group capacity consistency.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the switching unit includes: a plurality of first switches, one end of each first switch being adapted to connect to the positive terminal of a battery cell, and the other end of each first switch being connected to an input interface and a first output interface respectively; a second switch, one end of the second switch being adapted to connect to the negative terminal of the last battery cell, and the other end of the second switch being connected to the input interface and the first output interface respectively; and a control module, which is connected to each first switch and the second switch respectively, and is configured to control the switching of the plurality of first switches and the second switches according to control instructions, so as to connect the corresponding battery module or the corresponding battery cell to the equalization host.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second output interface includes a third communication interface and a fourth communication interface. The input interface and the first output interface each include: a plurality of first interfaces, each first interface being connected to the other end of a first switch; a second interface, the second interface being connected to the other end of a second switch; a first communication interface, one end of which is adapted to connect to the first or third communication interface of a previous battery controller, and the other end of which is connected to a first communication unit; and a second communication interface, one end of which is adapted to connect to the second or fourth communication interface of a previous battery controller, and the other end of which is connected to the first communication unit.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second output interface further includes multiple fifth interfaces and a sixth interface. Each equalization bus includes: multiple intra-group equalization buses, one end of the last intra-group equalization bus is connected to the sixth interface or the second interface in the first output interface, and the other end of the last intra-group equalization bus is connected to the second interface in the input interface; one end of the remaining intra-group equalization buses is connected to a fifth interface or a first interface in the first output interface, and the other end of the remaining intra-group equalization buses is connected to a first interface in the input interface; a first communication bus, one end of the first communication bus is connected to the third communication interface or the first communication interface in the first output interface, and the other end of the first communication bus is connected to the first communication interface in the input interface; a second communication bus, one end of the second communication bus is connected to the fourth communication interface or the second communication interface in the first output interface, and the other end of the second communication bus is connected to the second communication interface in the input interface.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the switching unit further includes: a third switch, one end of which is adapted to connect to the positive terminal of the first battery cell, and the other end of which is connected to the input interface and the first output interface respectively; and a fourth switch, one end of which is adapted to connect to the negative terminal of the last battery cell, and the other end of which is connected to the input interface and the first output interface respectively.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the control module is connected to the third switch and the fourth switch respectively. The control module is configured to control the third switch and the fourth switch to close according to the control command, so that the equalization host can perform inter-group voltage equalization according to the power of the corresponding battery modules.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the input interface and the first output interface further include: a third interface, which is connected to the other end of the third switch; and a fourth interface, which is connected to the other end of the fourth switch.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the second output interface further includes a seventh interface and an eighth interface, and each equalization bus further includes: a first inter-group equalization bus, one end of which is connected to the seventh interface or the third interface in the first output interface, and the other end of which is connected to the third interface in the input interface; and a second inter-group equalization bus, one end of which is connected to the eighth interface or the fourth interface in the first output interface, and the other end of which is connected to the fourth interface in the input interface.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, a battery equalization system is proposed according to a second aspect of the present invention, comprising: a battery controller according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein there are multiple battery controllers, each battery controller is adapted to connect to a battery module, and each battery controller is configured to collect voltage information of the corresponding battery module, wherein each battery module includes multiple battery cells connected in series; multiple equalization buses, wherein the output terminal of the first equalization bus is connected to the input interface of the first battery controller of the first battery module, and the remaining equalization buses are adapted to connect the first output interface of the battery controller of one battery module to the input interface of the battery controller of the next battery module; and an equalization host, wherein the equalization host is connected to the input terminal of the first equalization bus and is configured to receive voltage information of each battery module, generate control commands based on the voltage information of each battery module, and send the control commands to the corresponding battery controller, so that the corresponding battery controller switches the connection between the corresponding battery module or the corresponding battery cell and the equalization host according to the control commands, and performs voltage equalization on the corresponding battery module or the corresponding battery cell.

[0015] According to the battery balancing system of this utility model embodiment, by adopting the above-mentioned battery controller, the battery module or battery cell can be switched to be connected to the balancing host through the switching unit, so that the balancing host can perform inter-group balancing of battery modules or intra-group balancing of battery cells, satisfying two balancing requirements, thereby achieving both inter-group capacity consistency and intra-group capacity consistency.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the equalization host includes: a second output interface connected to the input terminal of a first equalization bus; a second communication unit connected to the second output interface and configured to receive voltage information of each battery module and send control commands to the corresponding battery controller; an inter-group equalization unit connected to the second output interface and configured to boost the output power of the first battery module with the highest voltage to obtain an inter-group equalization voltage, and use the inter-group equalization voltage to charge the second battery module with the lowest voltage; and an intra-group equalization unit connected to the second output interface and configured to boost the output power of the first battery cell with the highest voltage to obtain an intra-group equalization voltage, and use the intra-group equalization voltage to charge the second battery cell with the lowest voltage. The control unit is connected to the second communication unit, the inter-group equalization unit, and the intra-group equalization unit, and is configured to determine the first battery module and the second battery module based on the voltage information of each battery module, and to send control commands to the battery controllers of the first battery module and the second battery module through the second communication unit, and to control the inter-group equalization unit to perform inter-group voltage equalization on the first battery module and the second battery module. After the first battery module and the second battery module have completed inter-group voltage equalization, the control unit determines the first battery cell and the second battery cell based on the voltage information of each battery module, and sends control commands to the battery controller of the first battery cell through the second communication unit, and controls the intra-group equalization unit to perform intra-group voltage equalization on the first battery cell and the second battery cell, wherein the first battery cell and the second battery cell are located in the same battery module.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first output interface and the input interface respectively include a plurality of first interfaces, a second interface, a first communication interface, and a second communication interface; the second output interface includes: a plurality of fifth interfaces, each fifth interface being connected to one of the first interfaces in the input interface of the first battery controller via a first equalization bus; a sixth interface, the sixth interface being connected to a second interface in the input interface of the first battery controller via the first equalization bus; a third communication interface, the third communication interface being connected to a first communication interface in the input interface of the first battery controller via the first equalization bus; and a fourth communication interface, the fourth communication interface being connected to a second communication interface in the input interface of the first battery controller via the first equalization bus.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the inter-group balancing unit includes: a fifth switch and a sixth switch, one end of the fifth switch being connected to one end of the sixth switch and the first fifth interface among a plurality of fifth interfaces; a seventh switch and an eighth switch, one end of the seventh switch being connected to one end of the eighth switch and the sixth interface; and a first isolation boost module, the power input terminal of the first isolation boost module being connected to the other end of the sixth switch, the power output terminal of the first isolation boost module being connected to the other end of the fifth switch, the ground input terminal of the first isolation boost module being connected to the other end of the eighth switch, and the ground output terminal of the first isolation boost module being connected to the other end of the seventh switch. The first isolation boost module is configured to boost the electrical energy output by the first battery module to obtain an inter-group balancing voltage, and to use the inter-group balancing voltage to charge the second battery module.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first output interface and the input interface further include a third interface and a fourth interface, respectively; the second output interface further includes: a seventh interface, which is connected to the third interface in the input interface of the first battery controller via a first equalization bus; and an eighth interface, which is connected to the fourth interface in the input interface of the first battery controller via the first equalization bus.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the inter-group balancing unit includes: a second isolation boost module, the power input terminal of the second isolation boost module being connected to a seventh interface, the power output terminal of the second isolation boost module being connected to the first fifth interface among a plurality of fifth interfaces, the ground input terminal of the second isolation boost module being connected to an eighth interface, and the ground output terminal of the second isolation boost module being connected to the other end of a sixth interface. The second isolation boost module is configured to boost the electrical energy output by the first battery module to obtain an inter-group balancing voltage, and to use the inter-group balancing voltage to charge the second battery module.

[0021] According to one embodiment of this utility model, the group equalization unit includes: a ninth switch, one end of which is connected to a sixth interface; a tenth switch, one end of which is connected to the first fifth interface among a plurality of fifth interfaces; at least one switch group, each switch group including an eleventh switch and a twelfth switch, one end of the eleventh switch being connected to one end of the twelfth switch and one of the remaining fifth interfaces excluding the first fifth interface; a thirteenth switch and a fourteenth switch, one end of the thirteenth switch being connected to one end of the fourteenth switch, the other end of the ninth switch, and the other end of the eleventh switch of the m-th fifth interface, where m is greater than 1 and m is an odd number; a fifteenth switch and a sixteenth switch, one end of the fifteenth switch being connected to one end of the sixteenth switch and the other end of the twelfth switch of the n-th fifth interface. One end is connected, where n is an even number; the third isolation boost module, the first pin of the third isolation boost module is connected to the other end of the thirteenth switch, the second pin of the third isolation boost module is connected to the other end of the eleventh switch of the nth fifth interface, the third pin of the third isolation boost module is connected to the other end of the fourteenth switch, the fourth pin of the third isolation boost module is connected to the other end of the fifteenth switch, the fifth pin of the third isolation boost module is connected to the other ends of the twelfth switch and the tenth switch of the mth fifth interface respectively, and the sixth pin of the third isolation boost module is connected to the other end of the sixteenth switch. The third isolation boost module is configured to boost the electrical energy output by the first battery cell to obtain the group's equalization voltage, and use the group's equalization voltage to charge the second battery cell.

[0022] According to one embodiment of this utility model, the intra-group equalization unit includes: a ninth switch, one end of which is connected to a sixth interface; a tenth switch, one end of which is connected to the first fifth interface among a plurality of fifth interfaces; at least one switch group, each switch group including an eleventh switch and a twelfth switch, one end of the eleventh switch being connected to one end of the twelfth switch and one of the remaining fifth interfaces excluding the first fifth interface; a thirteenth switch and a fourteenth switch, one end of the thirteenth switch being connected to one end of the fourteenth switch and the other end of the twelfth switch of the nth fifth interface, where n is an even number; a fifteenth switch and a sixteenth switch, one end of the fifteenth switch being connected to one end of the sixteenth switch and the other end of the ninth switch to the other end of the eleventh switch of the mth fifth interface, respectively. In this configuration, m is greater than 1 and is an odd number; the third isolation boost module has its first pin connected to the other end of the thirteenth switch, its second pin connected to the other ends of the eleventh and tenth switches of the mth fifth interface, its third pin connected to the other end of the fourteenth switch, its fourth pin connected to the other end of the fifteenth switch, its fifth pin connected to the other end of the twelfth switch of the nth fifth interface, and its sixth pin connected to the other end of the sixteenth switch. The third isolation boost module is configured to boost the electrical energy output from the first battery cell to obtain an intra-group equalization voltage, and use the intra-group equalization voltage to charge the second battery cell.

[0023] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery balancing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery controller according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an equalization bus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of an equalization bus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery controller according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a load balancer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an inter-group balancing unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a load balancer according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an inter-group balancing unit according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a connection diagram of the battery controller of the first battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 11 This is a connection diagram of the battery controller of the second battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intra-group equalization unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intra-group equalization unit according to another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0038] It should be noted that this application is based on the inventor's understanding and research into the following issues:

[0039] With the increasing demand for batteries, the development of battery module management systems has become a major technical challenge. Capacity consistency between individual battery cells and battery modules is decreasing, and this problem worsens over time. Therefore, battery balancing technology has emerged. Related balancing technologies mainly include active balancing and passive balancing. Active balancing typically uses a series of control circuits to transfer energy from high-voltage battery packs to low-voltage battery packs (inter-pack balancing), or to transfer energy from high-voltage individual battery cells to low-voltage individual battery cells (intra-pack balancing). Passive balancing generally refers to adding bypass circuits between battery packs to dissipate energy from high-voltage battery packs, or adding bypass circuits within battery packs to dissipate energy from individual battery cells, thereby achieving better capacity consistency between and within battery packs.

[0040] However, passive balancing is an energy-consuming technology, resulting in severe heat generation and significant energy waste in the balancing system. Active balancing solutions in related technologies are relatively simple, achieving balancing between battery packs or within battery packs on their own, but they cannot simultaneously ensure the consistency of capacity between packs and the consistency of capacity within packs. Although some solutions have relatively complete functions, the wiring is complex and requires the connection of many additional modules. As the number of batteries participating in balancing increases, the cost will increase.

[0041] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention provide a battery controller and a battery balancing system. Through a switching unit, the battery module or battery cell can be switched to be connected to the balancing host, so that the balancing host can perform inter-group balancing of the battery module or intra-group balancing of the battery cell, satisfying both balancing requirements, thereby achieving both inter-group capacity consistency and intra-group capacity consistency.

[0042] The battery controller and battery balancing system of this utility model are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a battery balancing system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, there are multiple battery controllers 100, each battery controller 100 is adapted to connect to a battery module 200, each battery module 200 includes multiple battery cells connected in series, and the battery controller 100 includes: an input interface 110, a first output interface 120, a data acquisition unit 130, a first communication unit 140 and a switching unit 150.

[0044] The input interface 110 is adapted to be connected to the first output interface 120 of the previous battery controller 100 or the second output interface 310 of the equalization host 300 via an equalization bus 400; the first output interface 120 is adapted to be connected to the input interface 110 of the next battery controller 100 via another equalization bus 400; the first communication unit 140 is connected to the acquisition unit 130, which is configured to acquire voltage information of the corresponding battery module 200, and the first communication unit 140 is configured to send the voltage information of the corresponding battery module 200 to the equalization host 300 so that the equalization host 300 can generate control commands based on the voltage information of each battery module 200; the switching unit 150 is connected to the input interface 110 and the first output interface 120 respectively, and is adapted to connect to each battery cell in the corresponding battery module 200. The switching unit 150 is configured to switch the corresponding battery module 200 or the corresponding battery cell to the equalization host 300 according to the control commands so that the equalization host 300 can equalize the voltage of the corresponding battery module 200 or the corresponding battery cell.

[0045] Specifically, there are multiple equalization buses 400. The first equalization bus 400 is used to connect the second output interface 310 of the equalization host 300 and the input / output interface 110 of the battery controller 100 of the first battery module 200. The remaining equalization buses 400 are used to connect the battery controllers 100 of two adjacent battery modules 200. Therefore, if a new battery module 200 needs to be added, only one new equalization bus 400 needs to be added. The input of the new equalization bus 400 is connected to the first output interface 120 of the battery controller 100 of the last battery module 200, and the output of the new equalization bus 400 is connected to the input interface 110 of the battery controller 100 of the new battery module 200. In this way, the new battery module 200 is connected to the battery equalization system. Each battery controller 100 includes a data acquisition unit 130, which can acquire the voltage information of each battery cell in the corresponding battery module 200. The first communication unit 140 packages the data into communication data frames and sends them to the equalization host 300. The data frame includes the device address. After receiving the data, the equalization host 300 parses the data according to the device address and determines whether inter-group equalization or intra-group equalization is required based on the voltage information of each battery module 200. If inter-group equalization is required, the equalization host 300 sends a control command to the battery controller 100 of the corresponding battery module 200. The switching unit 150 in the battery controller 100 of the corresponding battery module 200 controls the corresponding battery module 200 to connect with the equalization host 300 according to the control command received from the first communication unit 140, and the equalization host 300 performs inter-group equalization on the corresponding battery module 200. If intra-group equalization is required, the equalization host 300 sends a control command to the battery controller 100 of the corresponding battery module 200. The switching unit 150 in the battery controller 100 of the corresponding battery module 200 controls the corresponding battery cell to connect with the equalization host 300 according to the control command received from the first communication unit 140, and the equalization host 300 performs intra-group equalization on the corresponding battery cell. The control command includes the device address. Therefore, after receiving the control command, each battery controller 100 can determine whether it needs to participate in the equalization process based on the device address.

[0046] In the above embodiments, the switching unit can switch the connection between the battery module or battery cell and the equalization host according to the control command of the equalization host, so that the equalization host can perform inter-group equalization of the battery module or intra-group equalization of the battery cell, satisfying two equalization requirements. This achieves both inter-group capacity consistency and intra-group capacity consistency. Furthermore, each battery controller is connected to one battery module, and the battery controller is connected to the equalization host and other battery controllers through the equalization bus. Therefore, only one equalization bus is needed to connect the battery module to the equalization host, reducing the connection difficulty.

[0047] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, the switching unit 150 includes: multiple first switches S1, second switches S2, and a control module 151. One end of each first switch S1 is adapted to connect to the positive terminal of a battery cell 210, and the other end of each first switch S1 is connected to the input interface 110 and the first output interface 120, respectively. One end of each second switch S2 is adapted to connect to the negative terminal of the last battery cell 210, and the other end of each second switch S2 is connected to the input interface 110 and the first output interface 120, respectively. The control module 151 is connected to each first switch S1 and each second switch S2, and is configured to control the switching of the multiple first switches S1 and the second switches S2 according to control commands, so that the corresponding battery module 200 or the corresponding battery cell 210 is connected to the equalization host 300.

[0048] Specifically, when performing inter-group balancing on battery modules 200, the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 corresponding to the positive terminal of the first battery cell 210 need to be turned on in a time-sharing manner. For example, during inter-group balancing, firstly, the first switch and the second switch corresponding to the first battery cell in the first battery module with the highest voltage are turned on, while the first switch and the second switch corresponding to the first battery cell in the second battery module with the lowest voltage are turned off. The first battery module outputs electrical energy to the balancing host 300. Then, the first switch and the second switch corresponding to the first battery cell in the first battery module are turned off, while the first switch and the second switch corresponding to the first battery cell in the second battery module are turned on. The balancing host 300 uses the electrical energy output by the first battery module to charge the second battery module, thereby performing inter-group balancing on the first and second battery modules.

[0049] When balancing the battery cells 210 within the group, the first switch S1 or the second switch S2 corresponding to the respective battery cell 210 is turned on. For example, firstly, the first switch corresponding to the positive terminal of the first battery cell with the highest voltage and the first switch or second switch corresponding to the negative terminal of the first battery cell are turned on, while the first switch corresponding to the positive terminal of the second battery cell with the lowest voltage and the first switch or second switch corresponding to the negative terminal of the first battery cell are turned off. The first battery cell outputs electrical energy to the balancing host 300. Then, the first switch corresponding to the positive terminal of the first battery cell with the highest voltage and the first switch or second switch corresponding to the negative terminal of the first battery cell are turned off, while the first switch corresponding to the positive terminal of the second battery cell with the lowest voltage and the first switch or second switch corresponding to the negative terminal of the first battery cell are turned on. The balancing host 300 uses the electrical energy output by the first battery cell to charge the second battery cell, thereby balancing the first and second battery cells within the group.

[0050] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2As shown, the second output interface 310 includes a third communication interface 313 and a fourth communication interface 314. The input interface 110 and the first output interface 120 respectively include: a plurality of first interfaces 111, second interfaces 112, first communication interfaces 113 and second communication interfaces 114, wherein each first interface 111 is connected to the other end of a first switch S1; the second interface 112 is connected to the other end of a second switch S2; one end of the first communication interface 113 is adapted to connect to the first communication interface 113 or the third communication interface 313 of the previous battery controller 100, and the other end of the first communication interface 113 is connected to the first communication unit 140; one end of the second communication interface 114 is adapted to connect to the second communication interface 114 or the fourth communication interface 314 of the previous battery controller 100, and the other end of the second communication interface 114 is connected to the first communication unit 140.

[0051] In other words, the first interface 111 and the first switch S1 are configured correspondingly, and the second interface 112 and the second switch S2 are configured correspondingly. The first interface 111 is connected to one of the first switches S1 and the equalization bus 400, the second interface 112 is connected to the second switch S2 and the equalization bus 400, and the first communication interface 113 and the second communication interface 114 are connected to the equalization bus 400 and the first communication unit 140, respectively. When the first switch S1 is turned on, the positive terminal of the corresponding battery cell 210 is connected to the corresponding first interface 111 and then connected to the equalization host 300 through the equalization bus 400; when the second switch S2 is turned on, the negative terminal of the corresponding battery cell 210 is connected to the second interface 112 and then connected to the equalization host 300 through the equalization bus 400.

[0052] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the second output interface 310 also includes multiple fifth interfaces 311 and sixth interfaces 312. Each equalization bus 400 includes multiple intra-group equalization buses 410, a first communication bus 420, and a second communication bus 430. One end of the last intra-group equalization bus 410 is connected to either the sixth interface 312 or the second interface 112 in the first output interface 120, and the other end of the last intra-group equalization bus 410 is connected to the second interface 112 in the input interface 110. One end of the remaining intra-group equalization buses 410 is connected to either one of the fifth interfaces 311 or one of the first interfaces 112 in the first output interface 120. 11 are connected, and the other end of the remaining equalization bus 410 in the group is connected to a first interface 111 in the input interface 110; one end of the first communication bus 420 is connected to the third communication interface 313 or to the first communication interface 113 in the first output interface 120, and the other end of the first communication bus 420 is connected to the first communication interface 113 in the input interface 110; one end of the second communication bus 430 is connected to the fourth communication interface 314 or to the second communication interface 114 in the first output interface 120, and the other end of the second communication bus 430 is connected to the second communication interface 114 in the input interface 110.

[0053] Specifically, the multiple fifth interfaces 311 and sixth interfaces 312 of the equalization host 300 are connected to the multiple first interfaces 111 and second interfaces 112 of the input interface 110 of the first battery controller 100 through multiple intra-group equalization buses 410 in the first equalization bus 400. The third communication interface 313 and fourth communication interface 313 of the equalization host 300 are connected to the first communication interface 113 and second communication interface 114 of the input interface 110 of the first battery controller 100 through the first communication bus 420 and second communication bus 430 in the first equalization bus 400. Multiple first interfaces 111 in the first output interface 120 of the first battery controller 100 are connected to multiple first interfaces 111 in the input interface 110 of the second battery controller 100 via the remaining intra-group equalization bus 410 in the second equalization bus 400. The second interface 112 in the first output interface 120 of the second battery controller 100 is connected to the second interface 112 in the input interface 110 of the second battery controller 100 via the last intra-group equalization bus 410 in the second equalization bus 400. The first communication interface 113 and the second communication interface 114 in the first output interface 120 of the second battery controller 100 are connected to the first communication interface 113 and the second communication interface 114 in the input interface 110 of the second battery controller 100 via the first communication bus 420 and the second communication bus 430 in the second equalization bus 400, respectively. The connection method of the subsequent battery controllers 100 is similar to the connection method between the first battery controller 100 and the second battery controller 100, and will not be described again here.

[0054] It should be noted that the communication bus in this embodiment adopts a two-wire structure. The communication bus includes, but is not limited to, serial port, 485, 232, CAN (Controller Area Network), etc.

[0055] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the switching unit 150 further includes a third switch S3 and a fourth switch S4, wherein one end of the third switch S3 is adapted to connect to the positive terminal of the first battery cell 210, and the other end of the third switch S3 is connected to the input interface 110 and the first output interface 120 respectively; one end of the fourth switch S4 is adapted to connect to the negative terminal of the last battery cell 210, and the other end of the fourth switch S4 is connected to the input interface 110 and the first output interface 120 respectively.

[0056] In some embodiments, the control module 151 is connected to the third switch S3 and the fourth switch S4 respectively. The control module 151 is configured to control the third switch S3 and the fourth switch S4 to close according to the control command, so that the equalization host 300 can perform inter-group voltage equalization according to the power of the corresponding battery module 200.

[0057] Specifically, the third switch S3 and the fourth switch S4 are used for inter-group balancing. During inter-group balancing, the third and fourth switches of the input interface of the battery controller of the first battery module are turned on, and the first switch corresponding to the first battery cell in the second battery module with the lowest voltage and the second switch corresponding to the first battery module are turned on. The first battery module outputs electrical energy to the balancing host 300, and the balancing host 300 uses the electrical energy output by the first battery module to charge the second battery module, thereby performing inter-group balancing between the first and second battery modules.

[0058] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the input interface 110 and the first output interface 120 also include a third interface 115 and a fourth interface 116, respectively, wherein the third interface 115 is connected to the other end of the third switch S3; and the fourth interface 116 is connected to the other end of the fourth switch S4.

[0059] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the second output interface 310 also includes a seventh interface 315 and an eighth interface 316. Each equalization bus 400 also includes: a first inter-group equalization bus 440 and a second inter-group equalization bus 450. One end of the first inter-group equalization bus 440 is connected to the seventh interface 315 or the third interface 115 in the first output interface 120, and the other end of the first inter-group equalization bus 440 is connected to the third interface 115 in the input interface 110. One end of the second inter-group equalization bus 450 is connected to the eighth interface 316 or the fourth interface 116 in the first output interface 120, and the other end of the second inter-group equalization bus 450 is connected to the fourth interface 116 in the input interface 110.

[0060] Specifically, due to the addition of a third switch S3 and a fourth switch S4, the input interface 110 and the first output interface 120 of the battery controller 100 also need to be augmented with a third interface 115 and a fourth interface 116, respectively. Each equalization bus 400 also needs to be augmented with a first inter-group equalization bus 440 and a second inter-group equalization bus 450. The third interface 115 is connected to the third switch S3 and the first inter-group equalization bus 440, respectively, and the fourth interface 116 is connected to the fourth switch S4 and the second inter-group equalization bus 450, respectively. When the third switch S3 is on, the positive terminal of the corresponding battery module 200 is connected to the equalization host 300 through the third switch S3 and the first inter-group equalization bus 440; when the fourth switch S4 is on, the positive terminal of the corresponding battery module 200 is connected to the equalization host 300 through the fourth switch S4 and the second inter-group equalization bus 450.

[0061] In the above embodiments, since the inter-group equalization bus, intra-group bus and communication bus are independent of each other, the inter-group equalization and intra-group equalization can be performed simultaneously without interference.

[0062] In summary, the battery controller according to this utility model embodiment can switch the connection between a battery module or a battery cell and the balancing host via a switching unit. This allows the balancing host to perform inter-group balancing of battery modules or intra-group balancing of battery cells. This effectively solves the problem in related technologies where repeated adjustments to external battery wiring connections are required when switching between intra-group and inter-group balancing. This not only simplifies the operation process and reduces the need for manual intervention but also significantly improves system stability and reliability. Users no longer need to interrupt operation or reconfigure wiring when switching balancing modes, thus avoiding potential connection errors or efficiency losses. Furthermore, each battery controller is connected to one battery module, and the battery controller is connected to the balancing host and other battery controllers via a balancing bus. Therefore, only one balancing bus is needed to connect the battery module to the balancing host, reducing the number of wires and layout complexity. It also optimizes data transmission and resource sharing, making system configuration, debugging, and maintenance more efficient and convenient. Simultaneously, the standardized bus connection design provides good compatibility and flexibility for future functional expansion, further reducing development and integration costs. In addition, it reduces reliance on external accessory modules, lowering equipment maintenance costs and providing users with a more convenient and efficient user experience.

[0063] Corresponding to the above embodiments, this utility model also proposes a battery balancing system. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the battery balancing system includes: a battery controller 100, multiple balancing buses 400, and a balancing host 300, as described in any of the preceding embodiments.

[0064] The system includes multiple battery controllers 100, each adapted to connect to a battery module 200. Each battery controller 100 is configured to collect voltage information from the corresponding battery module 200. Each battery module 200 includes multiple battery cells connected in series. The output of the first equalization bus 400 is connected to the input interface 110 of the first battery controller 100 of the first battery module 200. The remaining equalization buses 400 are adapted to connect to the first output interface 110 of the battery controller 100 of each battery module 200. The input interface 110 of the battery controller 100 of the next battery module 200 is connected to the input terminal of the first equalization bus 400 and is configured to receive the voltage information of each battery module 200, generate control commands based on the voltage information of each battery module 200, and send the control commands to the corresponding battery controller 100 so that the corresponding battery controller 100 can switch the corresponding battery module 200 or the corresponding battery cell to connect to the equalization host 300 according to the control commands, and perform voltage equalization on the corresponding battery module 200 or the corresponding battery cell.

[0065] In the above embodiments, the battery controller can switch the connection between the battery module or the battery cell and the equalization host according to the control command of the equalization host, so that the equalization host can perform inter-group equalization of the battery module or intra-group equalization of the battery cell, satisfying two equalization requirements. This achieves both inter-group capacity consistency and intra-group capacity consistency. Furthermore, each battery controller is connected to one battery module, and the battery controller is connected to the equalization host and other battery controllers through an equalization bus. Therefore, only one equalization bus is needed to connect the battery module to the equalization host, reducing the connection difficulty.

[0066] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the equalization host 300 includes: a second output interface 310, a second communication unit 320, an inter-group equalization unit 330, an intra-group equalization unit 340, and a control unit 350. The second output interface 310 is connected to the input terminal of the first equalization bus 400. The second communication unit 320 is connected to the second output interface 310 and configured to receive voltage information from each battery module 200 and send control commands to the corresponding battery controller 100. The inter-group equalization unit 330 is connected to the second output interface 310 and configured to boost the output power of the first battery module with the highest voltage to obtain an inter-group equalization voltage, and use the inter-group equalization voltage to charge the second battery module with the lowest voltage. The inter-group equalization unit 330 is also connected to the second output interface 310 and configured to boost the output power of the first battery cell with the highest voltage to obtain an intra-group equalization voltage, and use the intra-group equalization voltage to charge the second battery module with the lowest voltage. The second battery cell is charged; the control unit 350 is connected to the second communication unit 320, the inter-group equalization unit 330 and the intra-group equalization unit 340 respectively, and is configured to determine the first battery module and the second battery module according to the voltage information of each battery module 200, and send control commands to the battery controllers of the first battery module and the second battery module through the second communication unit 320, and control the inter-group equalization unit 330 to perform inter-group voltage equalization of the first battery module and the second battery module, and after the first battery module and the second battery module complete the inter-group voltage equalization, determine the first battery cell and the second battery cell according to the voltage information of each battery module 200, and send control commands to the battery controller of the first battery cell through the second communication unit 320, and control the intra-group equalization unit 340 to perform intra-group voltage equalization of the first battery cell and the second battery cell, wherein the first battery cell and the second battery cell are located in the same battery module.

[0067] Specifically, the second output interface 310 is connected to the input interface 110 of the battery controller 100 of the first battery module 200 via the first equalization bus 400. The first communication unit 140 sends the voltage information of each battery module 200 to the second communication unit 320 via the first equalization bus 400. The second communication unit 320 forwards the voltage information of each battery module 200 to the control unit 350. The control unit 350 generates control commands based on the voltage information of each battery module 200 and sends them to the second communication unit 320. The second communication unit 320 forwards the control commands to each battery controller 100 via the equalization bus 400 so that the corresponding battery controller 100 can perform switching control.

[0068] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the first output interface 120 and the input interface 110 respectively include multiple first interfaces 111, second interfaces 112, first communication interfaces 113, and second communication interfaces 114; the second output interface 310 includes multiple fifth interfaces 311, sixth interfaces 312, third communication interfaces 313, and fourth communication interfaces 314, wherein each fifth interface 311 is connected to one of the first interfaces 111 in the input interface 110 of the first battery controller 100 through a first equalization bus 400; the sixth interface 312 is connected to the second interface 112 in the input interface 110 of the first battery controller 100 through the first equalization bus 400; the third communication interface 313 is connected to the first communication interface 113 in the input interface 110 of the first battery controller 100 through the first equalization bus 400; and the fourth communication interface 314 is connected to the second communication interface 114 in the input interface 110 of the first battery controller 100 through the first equalization bus 400.

[0069] Specifically, the control unit 350 selects the first battery module with the highest voltage and the second battery module with the lowest voltage based on the voltage information of each battery module 200, generates control commands, and sends the control commands through the second communication unit 320. The battery controller of the first battery module closes the first and second switches corresponding to the positive terminal of the first battery cell. The first battery module and the inter-module balancing unit 330 form a current loop. The inter-module balancing unit 330 boosts the electrical energy output from the first battery module to obtain the inter-module balancing voltage. Then, the battery controller of the second battery module closes the first and second switches corresponding to the positive terminal of the first battery cell. The inter-module balancing unit 330 and the second battery module form a current loop. The inter-module balancing unit 330 outputs the inter-module balancing voltage to the second battery module, thereby achieving inter-module balancing.

[0070] After inter-group balancing is completed, the control unit 350 selects the battery module 200 with the largest internal voltage difference for intra-group balancing based on the voltage information of each battery module 200. The control unit 350 determines the first battery cell with the largest voltage and the second battery cell with the smallest voltage. The battery controller of the battery module with the largest internal voltage difference closes the first switch corresponding to the positive terminal of the first battery cell and the first or second switch corresponding to the negative terminal of the first battery cell. The first battery cell and the intra-group balancing unit 340 form a current loop. The intra-group balancing unit 340 boosts the electrical energy output by the first battery cell to obtain the intra-group balancing voltage. Then, the battery controller of the battery module with the largest internal voltage difference closes the first switch corresponding to the positive terminal of the second battery cell and the first or second switch corresponding to the negative terminal of the first battery cell. The second battery cell and the intra-group balancing unit 340 form a current loop. The intra-group balancing unit 340 outputs the intra-group balancing voltage to the second battery cell, thereby achieving intra-group balancing.

[0071] It should be noted that in practical applications, the balancing logic of the control unit 350 is not limited to performing inter-group balancing first and then intra-group balancing. The control unit 350 can determine whether inter-group balancing is needed based on the voltage information of each battery module 200. If inter-group balancing is not needed, intra-group balancing can be performed directly, or the control unit 350 can determine whether intra-group balancing is needed after inter-group balancing is completed.

[0072] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the inter-group equalization unit 330 includes: a fifth switch S5, a sixth switch S6, a seventh switch S7, an eighth switch S8, and a first isolation boost module 331. One end of the fifth switch S5 is connected to one end of the sixth switch S6 and the first fifth interface 311 among a plurality of fifth interfaces 311. One end of the seventh switch S7 is connected to one end of the eighth switch S8 and the sixth interface 312. The power input terminal VIN of the first isolation boost module 331 is connected to the other end of the sixth switch S6, the power output terminal VOUT of the first isolation boost module 331 is connected to the other end of the fifth switch S5, the ground input terminal GNDIN of the first isolation boost module 331 is connected to the other end of the eighth switch S8, and the ground output terminal GNDOUT of the first isolation boost module 331 is connected to the other end of the seventh switch S7. The first isolation boost module 331 is configured to boost the power output from the first battery module 200 to obtain an inter-group equalization voltage, and use the inter-group equalization voltage to charge the second battery module 200.

[0073] Specifically, during inter-group balancing, the first and second switches of the first battery module and the first and second switches of the second battery module are connected to the balancing bus 400 in a time-sharing manner according to the discharge or charging sequence. During discharge, the first and second switches in the battery controller of the first battery module are turned on, and the first and second switches in the battery controller of the second battery module are turned off. Current flows out from the first interface of the battery controller of the first battery module. At the same time, the sixth switch S6 and the eighth switch S8 are turned on, and the fifth switch S5 and the seventh switch S7 are turned off. The first isolation boost module 331 boosts the electrical energy output by the first battery module to obtain the inter-group balancing voltage and stores it. During charging, the first and second switches in the battery controller of the first battery module are turned off, and the first and second switches in the battery controller of the second battery module are turned on. At the same time, the sixth switch S6 and the eighth switch S8 are turned off, and the fifth switch S5 and the seventh switch S7 are turned on. The inter-group balancing voltage flows out from the first fifth interface of the balancing device and then flows into the positive terminal of the first battery cell in the second battery module.

[0074] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 and Figure 8 As shown, the first output interface 120 and the input interface 110 also include a third interface 115 and a fourth interface 116, respectively; the second output interface 310 also includes a seventh interface 315 and an eighth interface 316, wherein the seventh interface 315 is connected to the fifth interface 311 in the input interface 110 of the first battery controller 100 through the first equalization bus 400; and the eighth interface 316 is connected to the fourth interface 116 in the input interface 110 of the first battery controller 100 through the first equalization bus 400.

[0075] In other words, if the battery controller 100 is equipped with a third interface 115 and a fourth interface 116 for inter-group balancing, each balancing bus needs to add a first inter-group balancing bus 440 and a second inter-group balancing bus 450. The output interface of the balancing host 300 also needs to add a seventh interface 315 and an eighth interface 316 for inter-group balancing. The seventh interface 315 is connected to the third interface 115 in the input interface 110 of the first battery controller 100 through the first inter-group balancing bus 440 in the first balancing bus 400. The eighth interface 316 is connected to the fourth interface 116 in the input interface 110 of the first battery controller 100 through the first inter-group balancing bus 440 in the first balancing bus 400.

[0076] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9As shown, the inter-group balancing unit 330 includes: a second isolation boost module 332, the power input terminal VIN of the second isolation boost module 332 is connected to the seventh interface 315, the power output terminal VOUT of the second isolation boost module 332 is connected to the first fifth interface 311 among a plurality of fifth interfaces 311, the ground input terminal GNDIN of the second isolation boost module 332 is connected to the eighth interface 316, and the ground output terminal GNDOUT of the second isolation boost module 332 is connected to the other end of the sixth interface 312. The second isolation boost module 332 is configured to boost the power output of the first battery module to obtain an inter-group balancing voltage, and use the inter-group balancing voltage to charge the second battery module.

[0077] Specifically, when performing inter-group equilibrium, such as Figure 10 As shown, the third switch S3 and the fourth switch S4 in the battery controller 101 of the first battery module 201 are turned on, as... Figure 11 As shown, the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 in the battery controller 102 of the second battery module 202 are turned on. The second isolated boost module 332 boosts the power output from the first battery module 201 to obtain an inter-module equalization voltage, and then provides the inter-module equalization voltage to the second battery module 202. Because the second isolated boost module 332 is an isolated boost module, there is no risk of short circuit between any two battery modules 200.

[0078] It should be noted that without the third switch S3 and the fourth switch S4, the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 need to be turned on in a time-sharing manner during inter-group equalization. This may limit the time for high-voltage battery modules to discharge and low-voltage battery modules to charge, thus affecting the efficiency of inter-group equalization. Especially in scenarios requiring fast response or high-power equalization, time-sharing connection may lead to discontinuous energy transfer, thereby affecting the overall performance of the system. However, this method can reduce the number of components, especially when the number of battery packs is large enough, achieving a relative balance between cost and functional requirements. Adding the third switch S3 and the fourth switch S4 can effectively improve the efficiency of inter-group equalization, but this method will increase costs. The choice should be made based on the actual situation.

[0079] In some embodiments, such as Figure 12As shown, the group equalization unit 340 includes: a ninth switch S9, a tenth switch S10, at least one switch group, a thirteenth switch S13, a fourteenth switch S14, a fifteenth switch S15, a sixteenth switch S16, and a third isolation boost module 341. One end of the ninth switch S9 is connected to the sixth interface 312; one end of the tenth switch S10 is connected to the first fifth interface 311 among a plurality of fifth interfaces 311; each switch group includes an eleventh switch and a twelfth switch, one end of the eleventh switch being connected to one end of the twelfth switch and one of the remaining fifth interfaces 311 excluding the first fifth interface 311; one end of the thirteenth switch S13 is connected to one end of the fourteenth switch S14, the other end of the ninth switch S9, and the other end of the eleventh switch of the m-th fifth interface 311, where m is greater than 1 and m is an odd number; one end of the fifteenth switch S15 is connected to one end of the sixteenth switch S16 and the n-th fifth interface 311. The other end of the twelfth switch is connected, where n is an even number; the first pin Vrd of the third isolation boost module 341 is connected to the other end of the thirteenth switch S13, the second pin Vrm of the third isolation boost module 341 is connected to the other end of the eleventh switch of the nth fifth interface 311, the third pin Vrt of the third isolation boost module 341 is connected to the other end of the fourteenth switch S14, the fourth pin Vld of the third isolation boost module 341 is connected to the other end of the fifteenth switch S15, the fifth pin Vlm of the third isolation boost module 341 is connected to the other end of the twelfth switch and the other end of the tenth switch S10 of the mth fifth interface 311 respectively, and the sixth pin Vlt of the third isolation boost module 341 is connected to the other end of the sixteenth switch S16. The third isolation boost module 341 is configured to boost the electrical energy output by the first battery cell to obtain the group equalization voltage, and use the group equalization voltage to charge the second battery cell.

[0080] For example, with Figure 12Taking the example shown, assuming there are 4 battery cells in the battery module, the battery cells that need to be balanced are the first battery cell a and the second battery cell b at the bottom, and the voltage of the first battery cell a is greater than the voltage of the second battery cell b. Control the first switch corresponding to the positive terminal of the first battery cell a and the second switch corresponding to the negative terminal of the first battery cell a to be turned on, and control the first switch corresponding to the positive terminal of the second battery cell b and the first switch corresponding to the negative terminal of the second battery cell b to be turned on. Control the ninth switch S9, the third eleventh switch S113, the third twelfth switch S123 and the second twelfth switch S122 to be turned on, and control the second eleventh switch S112, the first eleventh switch S111, the first twelfth switch S121 and the tenth switch S10 to be turned off. During the discharge process, the thirteenth switch S13 is turned on, and the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth switches S14, S15, and S16 are turned off. Current flows from the positive terminal of the first battery cell a, through the eleventh switch S113 into the second pin Vrm of the third isolation boost module 341, and then from the first pin Vrd of the third isolation boost module 341 into the negative terminal of the first battery cell a, through the thirteenth switch S13 and the ninth switch S9. Therefore, the first battery cell a and the third isolation boost module 341 form a current loop, allowing the third isolation boost module 341 to charge and discharge. The system allows for temporary energy storage. During charging, the sixteenth switch S16 is turned on, while the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth switches S13, S14, and S15 are turned off. Current flows out from the fifth pin Vlm of the third isolation boost module 341, through the second twelfth switch S122, into the positive terminal of the second battery cell b, and then out from the negative terminal of the second battery cell b, through the first twelfth switch S121 and the sixteenth switch S16, into the sixth pin Vlt of the third isolation boost module 341. Therefore, the second battery cell b and the third isolation boost module 341 form a current loop, completing the balancing within the battery module. It should be noted that different switch combinations can be used to achieve balancing between any two battery cells within a battery module.

[0081] In one alternative implementation, the first isolation boost module 331, the second isolation boost module 332, and the third isolation boost module 341 each include a transformer.

[0082] In some embodiments, such as Figure 13As shown, the group equalization unit 340 includes: a ninth switch S9, a tenth switch S10, at least one switch group, a thirteenth switch S13, a fourteenth switch S14, a fifteenth switch S15, a sixteenth switch S16, and a third isolation boost module 341. One end of the ninth switch S9 is connected to the sixth interface 312; one end of the tenth switch S10 is connected to the first fifth interface 311 among a plurality of fifth interfaces 311; each switch group includes an eleventh switch and a twelfth switch, one end of the eleventh switch being connected to one end of the twelfth switch and one of the remaining fifth interfaces 311 excluding the first fifth interface 311; one end of the thirteenth switch S13 is connected to one end of the fourteenth switch S14 and the other end of the eleventh switch of the nth fifth interface 311, where n is an even number; one end of the fifteenth switch S15 is connected to one end of the sixteenth switch S16, the other end of the ninth switch S9, and the twelfth switch of the mth fifth interface 311. The other end is connected, where m is greater than 1 and m is an odd number; the first pin Vrd of the third isolation boost module 341 is connected to the other end of the thirteenth switch S13, the second pin Vrm of the third isolation boost module 341 is connected to the other end of the eleventh switch and the tenth switch S10 of the mth fifth interface 311 respectively, the third pin Vrt of the third isolation boost module 341 is connected to the other end of the fourteenth switch S14, the fourth pin Vld of the third isolation boost module 341 is connected to the other end of the fifteenth switch S15, the fifth pin Vlm of the third isolation boost module 341 is connected to the other end of the twelfth switch of the nth fifth interface 311, and the sixth pin Vlt of the third isolation boost module 341 is connected to the other end of the sixteenth switch S16. The third isolation boost module 341 is configured to boost the electrical energy output by the first battery cell to obtain the group equalization voltage, and use the group equalization voltage to charge the second battery cell.

[0083] It should be noted that the intra-group balancing unit 340 is not limited to, for example... Figure 12 The circuit shown can also be used as follows: Figure 13 The circuit shown, Figure 13 The intra-group equalization unit 340 shown and Figure 12 The intra-group balancing unit 340 shown is symmetrical, therefore, Figure 13 The working principle of the intra-group equalization unit 340 shown is similar to Figure 12 The working principle of the intra-group equalization unit 340 shown is the same, so it will not be described again here.

[0084] In summary, the battery balancing system according to the present invention, by employing the aforementioned battery controller, can switch the connection between the battery module or the battery cell and the balancing host via the switching unit, so that the balancing host can perform inter-group balancing of the battery module or intra-group balancing of the battery cell, satisfying both balancing requirements, thereby achieving a balance between inter-group capacity consistency and intra-group capacity consistency.

[0085] It should be understood that the various parts of this utility model can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0086] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0087] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this utility model are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated in this embodiment. Therefore, features defined with terms such as "first" and "second" in the embodiments of this utility model can explicitly or implicitly indicate that the embodiment includes at least one of those features. In the description of this utility model, the word "multiple" means at least two or more, such as two, three, four, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified in the embodiments.

[0088] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited in the embodiments, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" appearing in the embodiments should be interpreted broadly. For example, a connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, etc. Of course, it can also be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components, or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific implementation.

[0089] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery controller, characterized in that, The battery controllers are multiple, each battery controller is adapted to connect to a battery module, and each battery module includes multiple battery cells connected in series. The battery controllers include: The input interface is suitable for connecting to the first output interface of a battery controller or the second output interface of a balancing host via a balancing bus. The first output interface is adapted to connect to the input interface of the next battery controller via another equalization bus; The system includes a data acquisition unit and a first communication unit, wherein the first communication unit is connected to the data acquisition unit. The data acquisition unit is configured to acquire voltage information of the corresponding battery module, and the first communication unit is configured to send the voltage information of the corresponding battery module to the equalization host, so that the equalization host can generate control commands based on the voltage information of each battery module. A switching unit is connected to the input interface and the first output interface respectively, and is adapted to connect to each of the battery cells in the corresponding battery module. The switching unit is configured to switch the corresponding battery module or corresponding battery cell to the equalization host according to the control command, so that the equalization host can equalize the voltage of the corresponding battery module or corresponding battery cell.

2. The battery controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching unit includes: Multiple first switches, one end of each first switch is adapted to connect to the positive terminal of one of the battery cells, and the other end of each first switch is connected to the input interface and the first output interface respectively; The second switch has one end adapted to connect to the negative terminal of the last battery cell, and the other end connected to the input interface and the first output interface respectively. A control module is connected to each of the first and second switches respectively, and is configured to control the switching of the plurality of first and second switches according to the control command, so as to connect the corresponding battery module or the corresponding battery cell to the equalization host.

3. The battery controller according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second output interface includes a third communication interface and a fourth communication interface, and the input interface and the first output interface each include: Multiple first interfaces, each first interface being connected to the other end of a first switch; The second interface is connected to the other end of the second switch; A first communication interface, one end of which is adapted to connect to the first communication interface of a previous battery controller or the third communication interface, and the other end of which is connected to the first communication unit. The second communication interface has one end adapted to connect to the second communication interface of the previous battery controller or the fourth communication interface, and the other end of the second communication interface is connected to the first communication unit.

4. The battery controller according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second output interface also includes multiple fifth and sixth interfaces, and each of the equalization buses includes: Multiple intra-group equalization buses, one end of the last intra-group equalization bus is connected to the sixth interface or the second interface of the first output interface, the other end of the last intra-group equalization bus is connected to the second interface of the input interface, one end of the remaining intra-group equalization buses is connected to a fifth interface or a first interface of the first output interface, and the other end of the remaining intra-group equalization buses is connected to a first interface of the input interface. A first communication bus, one end of which is connected to the third communication interface or the first communication interface in the first output interface, and the other end of which is connected to the first communication interface in the input interface. The second communication bus has one end connected to the fourth communication interface or the second communication interface in the first output interface, and the other end connected to the second communication interface in the input interface.

5. The battery controller according to claim 4, characterized in that, The switching unit further includes: A third switch, one end of which is adapted to connect to the positive terminal of the first battery cell, and the other end of which is connected to the input interface and the first output interface respectively; A fourth switch, one end of which is adapted to connect to the negative terminal of the last battery cell, and the other end of which is connected to the input interface and the first output interface respectively.

6. The battery controller according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control module is connected to the third switch and the fourth switch respectively. The control module is configured to control the third switch and the fourth switch to close according to the control command, so that the equalization host can perform inter-group voltage equalization according to the power of the corresponding battery modules.

7. The battery controller according to claim 5, characterized in that, The input interface and the first output interface further include: The third interface is connected to the other end of the third switch; The fourth interface is connected to the other end of the fourth switch.

8. The battery controller according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second output interface also includes a seventh interface and an eighth interface, and each of the equalization buses also includes: The first inter-group equalization bus, one end of the first inter-group equalization bus is connected to the seventh interface or the third interface in the first output interface, and the other end of the first inter-group equalization bus is connected to the third interface in the input interface. The second inter-group equalization bus has one end connected to the eighth interface or the fourth interface in the first output interface, and the other end connected to the fourth interface in the input interface.

9. A battery balancing system, characterized in that, include: According to any one of claims 1-8, the battery controller is a plurality of battery controllers, each battery controller is adapted to connect to a battery module, each battery controller is configured to collect voltage information of the corresponding battery module, wherein each battery module includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series; Multiple equalization buses, wherein the output of the first equalization bus is connected to the input interface of the first battery controller of the first battery module, and the remaining equalization buses are adapted to connect the first output interface of the battery controller of one battery module to the input interface of the battery controller of the next battery module. The equalization host is connected to the input terminal of the first equalization bus and is configured to receive voltage information of each battery module, generate control commands based on the voltage information of each battery module, and send the control commands to the corresponding battery controller so that the corresponding battery controller switches the connection between the corresponding battery module or the corresponding battery cell and the equalization host according to the control commands, and performs voltage equalization on the corresponding battery module or the corresponding battery cell.

10. The battery balancing system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The load balancer includes: The second output interface is connected to the input terminal of the first equalization bus; The second communication unit is connected to the second output interface and is configured to receive voltage information of each battery module and send the control command to the corresponding battery controller. Inter-group balancing unit, which is connected to the second output interface and configured to boost the power output of the first battery module with the largest voltage to obtain an inter-group balancing voltage, and use the inter-group balancing voltage to charge the second battery module with the smallest voltage. The intra-group balancing unit is connected to the second output interface and is configured to boost the power output of the first battery cell with the largest voltage to obtain the intra-group balancing voltage, and use the intra-group balancing voltage to charge the second battery cell with the smallest voltage. The control unit is connected to the second communication unit, the inter-group equalization unit, and the intra-group equalization unit, and is configured to determine the first battery module and the second battery module based on the voltage information of each battery module, and to send the control command to the battery controller of the first battery module and the battery controller of the second battery module through the second communication unit, and to control the inter-group equalization unit to perform inter-group voltage equalization on the first battery module and the second battery module, and after the first battery module and the second battery module have completed inter-group voltage equalization, to determine the first battery cell and the second battery cell based on the voltage information of each battery module, and to send the control command to the battery controller of the first battery cell through the second communication unit, and to control the intra-group equalization unit to perform intra-group voltage equalization on the first battery cell and the second battery cell, wherein the first battery cell and the second battery cell are located in the same battery module.

11. The battery balancing system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The first output interface and the input interface each include multiple first interfaces, second interfaces, first communication interfaces, and second communication interfaces; The second output interface includes: Multiple fifth interfaces, each of which is connected to one of the first interfaces in the input interface of the first battery controller via the first equalization bus; The sixth interface is connected to the second interface in the input interface of the first battery controller via the first equalization bus; The third communication interface is connected to the first communication interface in the input interface of the first battery controller through the first equalization bus. The fourth communication interface is connected to the second communication interface in the input interface of the first battery controller through the first equalization bus.

12. The battery balancing system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The inter-group balancing unit includes: The fifth switch and the sixth switch, wherein one end of the fifth switch is connected to one end of the sixth switch and the first fifth interface among the plurality of fifth interfaces; The seventh switch and the eighth switch, wherein one end of the seventh switch is connected to one end of the eighth switch and the sixth interface respectively; The first isolation boost module has its power input terminal connected to the other end of the sixth switch, its power output terminal connected to the other end of the fifth switch, its ground input terminal connected to the other end of the eighth switch, and its ground output terminal connected to the other end of the seventh switch. The first isolation boost module is configured to boost the electrical energy output from the first battery module to obtain the inter-group equalization voltage, and use the inter-group equalization voltage to charge the second battery module.

13. The battery balancing system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first output interface and the input interface further include a third interface and a fourth interface, respectively; The second output interface also includes: The seventh interface is connected to the third interface in the input interface of the first battery controller via the first equalization bus; The eighth interface is connected to the fourth interface in the input interface of the first battery controller via the first equalization bus.

14. The battery balancing system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The inter-group balancing unit includes: a second isolation boost module, the power input terminal of which is connected to the seventh interface, the power output terminal of which is connected to the first fifth interface among the plurality of fifth interfaces, the ground input terminal of which is connected to the eighth interface, and the ground output terminal of which is connected to the other end of the sixth interface. The second isolation boost module is configured to boost the power output from the first battery module to obtain the inter-group balancing voltage, and to use the inter-group balancing voltage to charge the second battery module.

15. The battery balancing system according to any one of claims 11-14, characterized in that, The intra-group balancing unit includes: The ninth switch, one end of which is connected to the sixth interface; The tenth switch, one end of which is connected to the first of the plurality of fifth interfaces; At least one switch group, each switch group including an eleventh switch and a twelfth switch, one end of the eleventh switch being connected to one end of the twelfth switch and one of the remaining fifth interfaces other than the first fifth interface; The thirteenth switch and the fourteenth switch, one end of the thirteenth switch is connected to one end of the fourteenth switch, the other end of the ninth switch and the other end of the eleventh switch of the mth fifth interface, where m is greater than 1 and m is an odd number; The fifteenth switch and the sixteenth switch, one end of the fifteenth switch is connected to one end of the sixteenth switch and the other end of the twelfth switch of the nth fifth interface, respectively, where n is an even number; The third isolation boost module has its first pin connected to the other end of the thirteenth switch, its second pin connected to the other end of the eleventh switch of the nth fifth interface, its third pin connected to the other end of the fourteenth switch, its fourth pin connected to the other end of the fifteenth switch, its fifth pin connected to the other ends of the twelfth switch of the mth fifth interface and the tenth switch, and its sixth pin connected to the other end of the sixteenth switch. The third isolation boost module is configured to boost the electrical energy output from the first battery cell to obtain the group's equalization voltage, and use the group's equalization voltage to charge the second battery cell.

16. The battery balancing system according to any one of claims 11-14, characterized in that, The intra-group balancing unit includes: The ninth switch, one end of which is connected to the sixth interface; The tenth switch, one end of which is connected to the first of the plurality of fifth interfaces; At least one switch group, each switch group including an eleventh switch and a twelfth switch, one end of the eleventh switch being connected to one end of the twelfth switch and one of the remaining fifth interfaces other than the first fifth interface; The thirteenth switch and the fourteenth switch, one end of the thirteenth switch is connected to one end of the fourteenth switch and the other end of the twelfth switch of the nth fifth interface, respectively, where n is an even number; The fifteenth switch and the sixteenth switch, one end of the fifteenth switch is connected to one end of the sixteenth switch and the other end of the ninth switch to the other end of the eleventh switch of the m-th fifth interface, where m is greater than 1 and m is an odd number; The third isolation boost module has its first pin connected to the other end of the thirteenth switch, its second pin connected to the other ends of the eleventh switch and the tenth switch of the m-th fifth interface, its third pin connected to the other end of the fourteenth switch, its fourth pin connected to the other end of the fifteenth switch, its fifth pin connected to the other end of the twelfth switch of the n-th fifth interface, and its sixth pin connected to the other end of the sixteenth switch. This third isolation boost module is configured to boost the electrical energy output from the first battery cell to obtain the group's equalization voltage, and then use this equalization voltage to charge the second battery cell.

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